JPS60166746A - Combustion of diesel internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the combustion efficiency of fuel thus to reduce fuel consumption by employing oxygen rich air as combustion promoting gas while employing water emulsion fuel. CONSTITUTION:Fuel to be fed to Diesel engine 11 is stored in a fuel tank 3 then fed through a flow path 4 to an emulsifying system 5 to which water is fed from a water tank 1 through a flow path 2 to be mixed with fuel. While oxygen rich air produced in oxygen rich air producing system 5 is mixed with air or nitrogen fed through a flow path 10 and diluted then fed through a flow path 9 to Diesel engine 11. In such a manner, oxygen rich air and emulsion fuel are fed similarly with conventional air and fuel to Diesel engine 11 to operates as conventional Diesel engine. Consequently, fuel consumption is reduced while exhaust gas is purified.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a combustion method for a diesel internal combustion engine. More specifically, the present invention relates to a practical method that can reduce fuel consumption by increasing fuel combustion efficiency.

In recent years, due to trends in environmental conservation and effective use of petroleum resources, the development of internal combustion engines with low pollution and low fuel consumption has become an important issue. For example, various proposals have been made to adjust the shape of the combustion chamber, intake air, injection method and timing, to atomize and disperse the fuel spray, to make the engine body lighter, and to reduce mechanical loss. There is.

On the other hand, the fuel used in diesel engines is various kinds of heavy oil such as light oil and A heavy oil depending on the type of engine, but due to the rise in the price of these fuels and the situation of petroleum-related resources, etc. As the trend toward lower quality is evident, efforts are being made to further reduce exhaust gas pollution and fuel consumption. One method is to supply air with a higher oxygen concentration (referred to as oxygen-enriched air) to a diesel engine instead of regular air for combustion, which increases combustion efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. It is attracting attention as a method that can purify exhaust gases such as legalized hydrogen and carbon oxides and reduce the quality of fuel.
However, if such a method is applied to an existing diesel engine, the combustion efficiency and combustion temperature will increase.
This causes new problems such as overheating of the engine, reduction in cycle efficiency, and generation of toxic gases such as carbon oxide and hydrogen chloride, so it has not been put to practical use except under special conditions.

The present inventor has arrived at the present invention as a result of intensive studies to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional methods.

That is, the present invention uses oxygen-enriched air with a higher oxygen concentration than normal air as a combustion-supporting gas in a diesel internal combustion engine, and uses emulsion fuel in which water is emulsified in the fuel as a fuel. This is a unique combustion method for diesel internal combustion engines.

The combustion method of the present invention supplies an emulsion fuel in which water is emulsified into the fuel and M-enriched air to a diesel internal combustion engine, thereby reducing the combustion promoting effect of the oxygen-enriched air and increasing the combustion temperature due to this effect. In addition, when the fuel injected into the cylinder becomes atomized due to a decrease in the viscosity of the fuel, and water droplets finely dispersed in the fuel are combusted, the fuel evaporates and volatilizes, dispersing oil droplets and promoting combustion. At the same time, the rapid volumetric expansion due to evaporation of water droplets, the latent heat of vaporization of water, and the cooling effect due to the endothermic reaction as shown in equation (1) work synergistically, resulting in a remarkable effect on exhaust gas purification and at the same time reducing fuel consumption. It is also effective in reducing consumption.

C+ Tame03 H20cO2B, +KOe, 1------
- (1) Next, an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention will be explained with reference to the flow diagram shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus includes a fuel emulsifier 5, an oxygen-enriched air generator 8, and a diesel engine 11.

The diesel engine 11 to which the present invention is applied is a general diesel engine, for example, a diesel engine for vehicles such as a passenger car, a pass, or a truck, a diesel engine for construction vehicles, a diesel car, a ship, a power generation, etc., a diesel engine for agricultural work, Various types of diesel engines such as diesel engines for construction machinery are used, and improved diesel engines such as turbo compound engines are also included, but there are no limitations on the scale or use of these engines. Diesel engines have been proposed and put into practical use depending on the purpose, application, and scale, as well as the philosophy and technical background of each manufacturer, but although there may be slight differences in effectiveness depending on the working conditions, The present invention can be applied and can have great effects on purifying exhaust gas, reducing fuel consumption, and further reducing the quality of fuel.

The fuel to be supplied to the diesel engine 11 is stored in a fuel tank 3 for a predetermined amount, and is supplied to a gas conversion device 5 through a flow path 4. In the emulsifier 5, water is supplied from a channel 2 connected to a water tank 1 and mixed and stirred.

The fuels supplied to the above emulsifier include light oil used in high-speed diesel engines, heavy oil used in ships, etc., marine diesel oil, low-cetane number heavy oil used in large-scale low-speed engines, and the rising price of crude oil in the future. In addition, heavy oil obtained from oil shells, tar sands, Ishitsugi, etc. can be used. In the above fuel, a detergent,
There is no problem even if a small amount of additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, and exhaust smoke odor suppressants are included.

The emulsifier 5 can use conventionally known means such as a static mixer, mechanical stirring, ultrasonic stirring, and the like. In this device, fuel and water or fuel, water, and a surfactant are stirred and mixed to produce emulsion fuel. The amount of water usually added to the device 5 is 82 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of fuel, but the ratio of fuel and water should be determined as appropriate, taking into consideration the quality of the fuel used and the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air. is preferred. In view of the residence time, stability, dispersibility, etc. of the emulsion fuel obtained in the emulsion device 5, a solution of water mixed with a surfactant corresponding to the fuel used is transferred to the flow path 2 in the emulsion device 5. It is preferable to provide a suitable supply. Emulsion fuel, in which water is emulsified into fuel, is pressurized by the bonder 6 and is supplied to the easel engine 11 through the flow path 7.

The oxygen-enriched air generator 8 used in the present invention includes:
Any device that can obtain oxygen-enriched air may be used; for example, commercially available liquid oxygen or pure oxygen obtained from a small oxygen cylinder may be mixed with air.

Alternatively, pure oxygen or high-concentration oxygen-enriched air is mixed with air or nitrogen using an acid-rich or oxygen-enriched air production method, or oxygen-enriched air obtained by a low-concentration oxygen-enriched air production method is used. can also be used directly. Examples of methods for producing such oxygen or oxygen-enriched air include an adsorption oxygen production method that utilizes nitrogen adsorption with synthetic zeolite, and a membrane permeation oxygen production method that utilizes the selective oxygen permeability of a polymer membrane. Are known. Among these, devices using gas selective permeability membranes are suitable because oxygen-enriched air is supplied according to the differential pressure. In this case, the gas selectively permeable membrane used should not only have excellent heat resistance and durability, but also be particularly excellent in selective permeation performance as a compact and practical device. . In this respect, the membrane may be a flat membrane, but is preferably made of hollow fibers that can increase the membrane surface area per unit volume. For example, silicone rubber, poly-4-methylpentene, etc. A thin film having an oxygen separation ability such as polyphenylene oxide or the like is preferably formed.

When the oxygen-enriched air produced by the oxygen-enriched air generator 5 is pure oxygen or has a high concentration, it can be diluted and mixed with air or nitrogen through the flow path 10 before use. Further, the oxygen-enriched air produced by the oxygen-enriched air generator 5 is
In the case of low concentration, it is used directly or mixed with air through the flow path 10.

The oxygen-enriched air is supplied to the diesel engine 11 through the flow path 9. The oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air is 22% by volume.
It may be more than 25% by volume, but it is usually preferably in the range of 25% by volume to 65% by volume.

The oxygen-enriched air and emulsion fuel obtained by the above method are supplied to the compressor of a diesel engine in the same way as ordinary air and fuel, and are subsequently used as an ordinary diesel engine, with special adjustments and operating components in the combustion engine as a whole. In addition, it is not necessary to modify or stop the engine, and by operating it in the same way as when using air, conventional diesel engines of various types and sizes can be used to reduce fuel consumption or reduce fuel quality, which is the purpose of the present invention. In addition, it is possible to reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, straight oxides, etc. in exhaust gas.

Example: By changing the direction of the air intake of a small diesel/l' engine for agricultural work [displacement: 24,900°, output: 25 pS (1,800 rpm)], oxygen-enriched air with a predetermined oxygen concentration can be introduced. Pure oxygen from a cylinder was mixed with air, and a certain concentration of oxygen-enriched air was introduced into the air intake. The fuel used was a mixture of 70 parts of commercially available A-heavy oil and 30 parts of water, and the mixture was made into a emulsion using a mechanical stirring means. A pulley is attached to the flywheel on the output side, and an alternating current generator (maximum output 1kW) is generated by the heald.
The rotation speed of the engine is 6, and that of the generator is 6.
．． It was set to be 0x. At that time, a constant output power load was connected to the generator via an AC wattmeter, and the engine's thrower was adjusted to maintain a constant rotation speed and frequency and voltage constant. The results thus obtained are shown in Table 1.

Table-1 Load Engine speed Oxygen concentration Air supply amount Fuel consumption w rpm % reduction a nI Hwtl/H comparison example 90
0 1200 20. '7. '692 example 90
0 1200 26 7.8482-Carbon oxide Hydrocarbon Nitrogen oxide % ppm ppm Comparative example 0.6 40 620 Example 0.4 100 420

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. 1...Water tank 2...Flow path 3...
...Fuel tank 4 ...Flow path 5 ...Emulsifier 6 ...Pump 7 ...Flow path
8... Oxygen-enriched air generator 9... Channel 10... Channel 11... Diesel engine patent applicant RiRa Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Ken Honda

Claims (1)

[Claims] A diesel internal combustion engine is characterized by using oxygen-enriched air with a higher oxygen concentration than normal air as a combustion-supporting gas, and by using an emulsion fuel in which water is emulsified in the fuel as a fuel. Combustion method of diesel internal combustion engine.