JP2014020362A - Gas combustion method with high mileage and low emission gas for diesel engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion method that mixes gasified water with a diesel engine having light oil as a fuel at a ratio of 40-55 vol.% to light oil sprayed by a plunger, creates high combustion performance and high torque performance, and enable considerable reduction of fuel consumption and reduction of emission gas.SOLUTION: In a combustion method in which light oil is sprayed into a cylinder by a plunger and combusted, water micro droplet or gasified water is mixed with a feed part of an injection pump of the plunger at a ratio of 40-55 vol.% to light oil, and then is dispersed and mixed to be combusted.

Description

  The present invention relates to a diesel engine combustion method in which gasified water is dispersed and mixed in diesel oil to improve combustibility, drastically reduce fuel consumption, and reduce exhaust gas.

Gasoline internal combustion engines and diesel internal combustion engines are mainly used in vehicles and ships, etc., but gasoline internal combustion engines pressurize the air and fuel supplied into the cylinders and ignite and burn them with plugs. Thus, the fuel is supplied, so that smooth combustion is performed not only at the start but also at the time of low speed rotation or high speed rotation.
On the other hand, in diesel internal combustion engines, inhaled air is heated to a high compression temperature and light oil is sprayed at high pressure and burned, so although combustion spots occur at start-up, low-speed rotation, and even at low temperatures. Since a large torque is exhibited during high-speed rotation, it has been used as an internal combustion machine for trucks, ships and the like.

  Thus, in the past, not only has there been a depletion of resources due to the consumption of enormous oil resources in the past, but also the environmental pollution caused by exhaust gases and soot that has continued to be emitted due to the enormous consumption of oil has reached its limit. As a result, various health damages are frequently occurring in various places, and in recent years, global warming due to exhaust gases and soot has rapidly progressed, and the occurrence of abnormal weather has caused heavy rains, floods, etc. in various parts of the world. A great deal of disaster has been observed.

One solution to this problem is to significantly reduce the use of light oil and other petroleum fuels on the one hand, and to reduce exhaust gas and soot emissions on the other.
As a clue for this concrete solution, it has been tried to burn as a so-called emulsified fuel in which water is mixed with an emulsifier at a required mixing ratio in petroleum, such as gasoline, light oil or heavy oil, for a long time. That is, as a basis for the sufficient emulsification of the emulsified fuel, the so-called steam reforming reaction of petroleum + water (steam) + heat = hydrogen (H ₂ ) + carbon monoxide (CO) can be considered and further mixed. The reason why the combustibility is improved when the water that does not reach the ignition point during combustion is increased, is the mechanism of charcoal (C) + water (H ₂ O) = CO + H ₂ that can be explained by the combustion of charcoal, that is, water formation It is believed that a gas reaction is generated.

By the way, since petroleum such as gasoline, light oil or heavy oil and water are incompatible with each other, in order to disperse and mix each other, it must be used as an emulsified fuel by chemical bonding with an emulsifier. In order to exhibit high combustibility with this emulsified fuel, the heat of vaporization of the petroleum that maintains the combustibility during combustion is stripped off as vaporization heat in a state where the water mixed during combustion is as fine as possible. The micro-explosive action is to actively promote.
However, since the emulsified fuel strongly binds petroleum molecules and water molecules by the emulsifier, the combined water molecules are difficult to be refined. Deprivation and micro-explosive action are not promoted sufficiently, after all, sufficient flammability is not exhibited, and the mixing ratio of water is limited to 7 to 10% at the maximum, reducing fuel consumption and reducing exhaust gas I can't expect.
It should be noted that there is a risk of corrosion of the internal combustion engine due to moisture remaining in the internal combustion engine and leaving it there.

Therefore, the inventors conducted further research to solve this problem of emulsified fuel, and as a result, a collision disturbance crushing module that mixes light oil and water at a required ratio and collides them at high speed, disturbs them, and crushes them. Circulated, and it was found that the droplets can be dispersed and mixed evenly without using an emulsifier and that the droplets can be made fine and can be put to practical use as a combustion apparatus such as a boiler. In Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-254387, The contents are disclosed.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-254387

Therefore, in such a collision disturbance crushing module, the light oil and water to be mixed are dispersed and mixed substantially evenly, and in general combustion, even if water is mixed to about 40 to 50% by volume, it can be burned. It can greatly contribute to fuel efficiency and exhaust gas reduction.
On the other hand, in diesel internal combustion engines, it is desired to generate high torque with high combustibility as well as stable combustion even when the outside air temperature changes, particularly at low temperatures, and to cope with corrosion prevention due to residual moisture.
As a result of repeated researches by the inventors on the subject, in mixing the light oil and water supplied to the diesel engine, the mixed supply water is finely divided into droplets of 30 μm or less in advance, and a high electric field is obtained. By adding Rayleigh splitting, it became gasified water with a droplet size of 300 nm or less, and this gasified water was mixed at a ratio of 40 to 55% by volume with respect to light oil. As a result of spray supply to the engine, the vaporization of the vaporized droplets almost eliminated the vaporization heat, and since the droplets were extremely miniaturized, it was determined that a micro-explosive action was positively achieved, leading to the present invention.

  In the diesel engine fueled with light oil, the gasified water is dispersed and mixed with the light oil supplied by the plunger at 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the light oil to create high combustibility and high torque. It is an object of the present invention to provide a low fuel consumption and low exhaust gas combustion method for a diesel engine that can greatly reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas.

  The technical means used by the present invention in order to solve the above-mentioned problems is that the atomizer or ultrasonic atomization of water is performed on the injection pump supply part of the fuel spray plunger attached to the cylinder of the diesel engine fueled with light oil. The droplet size is reduced to a maximum of 30 μm or less by a vessel, and a high electric field of 7000 to 21000 V is applied to the droplet to make the droplet size 300 nm or less. Gaseous water mechanism that turns into gasified water, or a disturbance microdroplet mechanism that makes water droplets into a maximum of 10 μm or less in the ultrasonic vibration plate, and a disturbance microdroplet A gasification minus potential mechanism that adds a minus high potential of 7000 to 21000 V to form gasification minus potential water, and the generated gasification water or the gasification minus potential water. With a mixing mechanism that mixes 40 to 55% by volume with the amount of light oil supplied to the light oil supply port, light oil and gaseous water are supplied to create high combustion and high torque. The present invention resides in a low fuel consumption low exhaust gas combustion method of a diesel engine comprising a combustion mechanism capable of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust gas.

  The present invention is configured as described above, and water is supplied to an atomizer or an ultrasonic wave in an injection pump supply part of a spray supply tool (plunger) mounted on a cylinder of a diesel engine to which light oil is supplied as fuel. A large amount of fine droplets having a droplet diameter of 30 μm or less can be generated by the atomizing means, and by adding a high electric field having a voltage of 7000 to 21000 V to the fine droplets, the fine droplets have a strong electric field. Due to the suction force, the droplet diameter is torn and crushed into a very large number of extremely fine droplets having a diameter of 300 nm or less, and gaseous water is generated. The gasified water is mixed at a rate of 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the light oil and supplied to the injection pump supply part of the plunger, and sprayed into the cylinder for high-temperature combustion. When sprayed into air that has been pressurized and heated at a high temperature, the droplet size of the atomized gas oil is at least 1/100 or less of the droplet size of the gasified water. The gasified water is in a state in which the gas oil droplets are densely enveloped and mixed with the gas oil droplets under a high pressure and high temperature in the cylinder. The micro-explosion action works, and high combustion and high torque are generated.

Further, water is made into fine droplets with an ultrasonic vibration plate so that the droplet diameter is 10 μm or less, and a high potential of 7000 to 21000 V is applied to the fine droplets to form gasified water. When mixing at a ratio of 40 to 55% by volume and supplying to the injection pump supply part of the plunger and spray combustion in the cylinder, the ultrasonic frequency can be freely changed and the fluctuation of the ultrasonic frequency can be changed. Since the water droplet size generated by this can be freely generated and supplied from 10 μm or less to ultrafine droplets with a droplet size of 1 μm or less, ultrasonic vibrations can be used according to the operation mode and usage environment of the diesel engine. The gasified water is added to the injection pump supply section of the fuel spray plunger at a required ratio by changing the gas to a fine droplet or a microdroplet. Ionic and fine In a cylinder that is dispersed and mixed to cover the outer surface of light oil droplets by droplets or ultrafine droplets, in a cylinder that has been heated to high pressure and high temperature, a slight explosive heat is used to instantly generate a micro-explosion effect, resulting in high combustion and high torque. Created.
In addition, the water mixed with light oil in the present invention is once converted into fine droplets having a droplet diameter of 30 μm or less by an atomizer or an ultrasonic atomizer, and a high electric field with a voltage of 7000 to 21000 V is further added. The property as moisture is lost because Rayleigh splitting and gasified water having a droplet diameter of 300 nm or less, or ultrafine droplet gasified water having a droplet diameter of 1 μm or less by an ultrasonic vibration plate are used. Therefore, the problem of corrosion of diesel engine is solved.

  In a diesel engine using light oil as fuel, water is made into ultrafine droplet gasified water with a droplet diameter of 1 μm or less by means of an ultrasonic vibration plate in the injection pump supply part of a plunger that sprays light oil. A gasified water generating mechanism capable of applying a high potential of approximately 10,000 V to the gasified water is provided, and the gasified water generated by the gasified water generating mechanism is 40 to 55% by volume with respect to light oil. Spray-combustion with mixing at a rate.

In the following, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the combustion method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a gasified water mechanism by an atomizer, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a gasified water mechanism using an ultrasonic vibration plate. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a gasified water mechanism using an ultrasonic vibration plate. On the other hand, it does not impair the combustibility and generated torque, and it is mixed and dispersed at a rate of 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the light oil 1 to create high combustion and high torque. The purpose is to reduce exhaust gas.
For this purpose, as understood from the combustion method flow chart of FIG. 1, in the present invention, water 2 which is essentially incompatible with light oil 1 and does not retain self-combustibility is dispersed and mixed. The technology that weights the flammability is required. In such a case, the gasified water 2B is mixed at 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the light oil because, if it is 40% by volume or less, reduction in fuel consumption and reduction of exhaust gas, etc. will be less expected. If it exceeds 55% by volume, stable combustibility becomes difficult.

  Therefore, in the present invention, among the required technologies, the light oil 1 as the fuel and the incompatible water 2 are dispersed and mixed as homogeneously as possible in the form of fine droplets and then sprayed by the plunger 20. The light oil 1 sprayed by the injector 20 by forming the fine droplet diameter 2A or the gasified water 2B corresponding to the ultrafine droplet at least about 1/60 to 1/100 or less with respect to the oil droplet diameter of the light oil 1. The oil droplet diameter of the liquid oil is about 20 to 30 μm, so that the fine droplet 2A is about 1/60 to 1/100 or less, preferably 1/300 to 1/1000 or less of the oil droplet diameter of the light oil 1. The formation of the gasified water 2B composed of ultrafine droplets can achieve homogeneous combustion by so-called homogeneous dispersion mixing that is sufficiently dispersed and mixed in the gaps between the sprayed fine oil droplets 1A. Retains self-flammability By making the water 2 that has not been converted into fine droplets 2A or ultrafine droplets, that is, gaseous water 2B, the high pressure and high temperature in the cylinder 30 instantly causes a slight explosion of the heat of vaporization, resulting in fine oil droplets. The combustion of 1A is remarkably enhanced and high torque is created.

  For this reason, the microdroplet forming mechanism 3 for causing the water 2 to form the microdroplet 2A and the gasified water mechanism 4 for converting the microdroplet 2A into a microdroplet having a droplet diameter of 300 nm or less, that is, the gaseous water 2B, are planned. Fine oil droplets 2A or so-called gasified water 2B arranged and generated in front of the light oil supply part 20B of the spray pump 20A of the jar 20 is used as the light oil supply part of the spray pump 20A of the plunger 20 20B is provided with a mixing mechanism 7 for mixing at a rate of 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the supplied capacity of the light oil 1 to be supplied.

That is, FIG. 2 shows the atomizing mechanism 3 and the gasified water mechanism 4 by the atomizer 10, and FIG. 2 shows a form in which the nozzle bodies 10A are sprayed 10C substantially orthogonally. Compared to the case where the fine droplet 2A sprayed from the nozzle tip 10B is sprayed and collided and sprayed as it is from the nozzle tip of the nozzle body 10A, the diameter of the fine droplet is about 30 to 50%. Can be made into fine droplets.
In such a case, the droplet diameter of the fine droplet 2A sprayed by the current atomizer 10 can be changed within a certain range depending on the spray pressure and the nozzle tip diameter. Although the gasified water 2B is desired, the atomizer 10 has a spray pressure of about 2 to 5 kg / cm ² with a minimum nozzle tip hole diameter, and the sprayed fine droplet 2A has a droplet diameter of 20 to 20 at most. Therefore, in order to form a droplet having a smaller diameter, an orthogonal spray is desired. Needless to say, such spraying is performed in the spray casing 10D because it is necessary to be performed in a specific section, and a discharge groove 10E for discharging spray water droplets is provided.

  Thus, the droplet size of the fine droplet 2A generated by the atomizer 10 is still too large, and even if it is temporarily spray-mixed, the mixture of the fine oil droplet 1A of the light oil 1 can be tightly covered. However, when the fine droplets 2A are burned, it is necessary to remove the heat of vaporization, and there is a difficulty in instantaneous fine explosion combustion. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, a high electric field is applied to the generated fine droplets 2A, and the electric field attractive force causes the fine droplets 2A to be ruptured into a large number, so-called Rayleigh splitting, so that the fine droplets are gasified. A gasified water mechanism 4 is provided as water 2B.

The gasified water mechanism 4 forms as many electric field addition paths 4A as possible with the fine droplets 2A generated by orthogonal spraying by the atomizer 10 and the fine droplets 2A generated by connecting to the atomizer 10 as much as possible. At the same time, in order to uniformly apply a high voltage of 7000 to 21000 V to the fine droplets 2A flowing through the electric field addition path 4A, a negative electrode 4B is arranged at the center of each electric field addition path 4A. It is ranked.
In this case, the negative voltage applied to the negative electrode 4B of the electric field addition path 4A due to Rayleigh splitting also varies depending on the flow rate of the fine droplets 2A in the electric field addition path 4A and the droplet diameter of the fine droplets 2A. However, when the flow rate is 4 to 40 cc / min, approximately 7000 to 12000 V, when the flow rate is 40 to 400 cc / min, approximately 12000 to 18000 V, and when the flow rate is 400 to 4000 cc / min, approximately 18000 to 21000 V are expected. Further, when the droplet diameter of the circulated fine droplet 2A is 20 to 30 μm, approximately 7000 to 21000 V is used, and when the droplet diameter is 300 nm to 10 μm, approximately 7000 to 14000 V is approximately.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the microdroplet forming mechanism 3 using an ultrasonic atomizer. The ultrasonic atomizer 11 can be an ultrasonic atomizer that is usually used in a humidifier or a showcase. However, in the present invention, since it is used for a diesel engine, a shower type atomizer 11 is proposed as a small and strong structure with excellent water 2 handling. That is, the shower type atomizer 11 is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator 11C on the upper surface of the shower nozzle portion 11B orthogonal to the supply portion 11A for supplying water 2, and is so-called finely atomized on the lower surface. A spray nozzle 11D for spraying the droplet 2A is formed, and the ultrasonic transducer 11C is connected to an ultrasonic transmitter (not shown) for vibration output.
Further, the ultrasonic wave is added to the ultrasonic vibrator 11C of the shower type atomizer 11 at about 19 MHz to 60 MHz. However, even in the range of the additional ultrasonic vibration, the generated fine droplets 2A The droplet diameter is about 10 to 20 μm.

  Naturally, it is difficult to achieve high combustion and high torque with such a spray droplet diameter. Therefore, the fine droplet 2A sprayed from the shower nozzle portion 11B of the shower type atomizer 11 is spray casing 10D as described above. After spraying inside, a high electric field is applied in the gasified water mechanism 4 provided by connecting the spray casing 10D, and the electric field suction force causes the fine droplets 2A to be ruptured and ruptured so-called Rayleigh. The gasified water mechanism 4 can generate the gasified water 2B having a diameter of about 10 to 200 nm.

  FIG. 4 shows a disturbing microdroplet forming mechanism 5 using an ultrasonic diaphragm and a gasified minus potential mechanism 6 for imparting homogeneous dispersibility to the disturbing microdroplets generated thereby. As shown in the figure, the disturbance microdroplet mechanism 5 arranges a water absorbent base 12A on an ultrasonic vibration plate 12 made of a piezoelectric material, replenishes the water absorbent base 12A with water 2 as appropriate, and then supplies the ultrasonic vibration plate 12 to the ultrasonic vibration plate 12. Ultrasonic vibration is applied, and the water 2 is disrupted and crushed to produce microdroplets 2A or microdroplets 2B having a crushed droplet diameter of approximately 1.0 μm to 20 nm. In addition, the water-absorbing substrate 12A is formed in the generation section 12B so that the generated microdroplets 2A or microdroplets 2B are not diffused. Further, a minus high electrode 12C is provided in order to add a minus high potential during spray combustion of the generated fine droplet 2A or microfine droplet 2B and to improve the sealing property with the light oil 1.

In such a case, the droplet diameter related to the disruption and fracturing changes greatly depending on the added ultrasonic frequency, but the amount of generation is also large. That is, the droplet diameter of the so-called gaseous water 2B formed by the ultrasonic vibration plate 12 having an ultrasonic frequency of 50 MHz and an ultrasonic vibration plate 12A having an area of 3 cm square is about 5 μm or more. It is about 400 nm and the production amount is about 4.0 to 6.0 cc / min.
On the other hand, when the added ultrasonic frequency is 18 to 20 MHz, the droplet diameter of the generated gaseous water 2B is about 7 to 15 μm, and the generated amount is about 15 to 20 cc / min. Further, when the additional ultrasonic frequency is set to a high frequency of 80 to 120 MHz, the generated droplet diameter is approximately 20 to 50 nm, which is an extremely fine droplet, but the generated amount is only 0.5 to 1.2 cc / min. Decrease to a degree.
Accordingly, when the diesel engine is mixed and used at a rate of approximately 40 to 55% by volume with respect to the light oil 1, the ultrasonic vibration is required when generating the gaseous water 2B corresponding to the mixing rate. It is proposed to deal with this by providing a large number of units of the plate 12.

  The microdroplet 2A or the gasified water 2B generated by the microdroplet mechanism 3, the gasified water mechanism 4, the disturbing microdroplet mechanism 5, the gasified water minus potential mechanism 6, or the like, A dispersion mixing mechanism 7 for mixing at a required mixing ratio is connected to a supply unit 20B of an injection pump 20A attached to the plunger 20 shown in FIG. That is, one side of the dispersion mixing mechanism 7 is connected to the generation unit 21 of the fine droplet 2A or gaseous water 2B and the transfer pipe 21A, and the other side is similar to the light oil supply unit 20B of the injection pump 20A of the plunger 20. 21 A is connected to the transfer pipe 21A, but with respect to 1 quantity of light oil sucked and supplied corresponding to the suction force acting on the light oil supply part 20B of the injection pump 20A when spraying into the cylinder 30 by the plunger 20. The control valve 21B is mixed and supplied at a rate of 40 to 55% by volume and the check valve 21C is provided so that the light oil 1 does not flow backward.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the inside of the cylinder 30 in the combustion mechanism 8 for burning the mixed fuel of the light oil 1 and the fine droplets 2A or the gasified water 2B of the present invention, at the top of the piston 30A in the cylinder 30. Is a mixture of light oil 1 and fine droplets 2A of water 2 or gasified water 2B, provided with a plunger 20 of a mixing mechanism 7, and sprayed into a pressurized cylinder 30 for high combustion. High torque and drastic reduction in fuel consumption and reduction of exhaust smoke and exhaust gas are realized.

The following is a combustion test according to the present invention, using a two-stroke low-speed diesel engine and a mixed fuel obtained by mixing gasified water having an average microdroplet diameter of 300 nm at a ratio of 45% with a light oil. FIG. 7A shows the combustibility, FIG. 7B shows the engine speed and torque, and FIG. 7C shows the NO _x exhaust data.

  It can be used immediately by mixing and supplying 40 to 55% by volume of the light oil to the light oil supply part of the injection pump of the plunger of the existing diesel engine.

  It is a flowchart of this invention.   It is explanatory drawing of the microdroplet by an atomizer, and a gaseous water mechanism.   It is explanatory drawing of the fine droplet by an ultrasonic nozzle, and a gaseous water mechanism.   It is explanatory drawing of disturbance microdroplet formation and a gasification minus electric potential mechanism.   It is explanatory drawing of a mixing mechanism.   It is explanatory drawing of a cylinder. Flammability, a torque and NO _x exhaust data view.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light oil 1A Oil droplet 2 Water 2A Fine droplet 2B Gaseous water 3 Fine droplet formation mechanism 4 Gaseous water mechanism 4A Electric field addition path 4B Negative electrode 5 Disturbing microdrop formation mechanism 6 Gasification negative potential mechanism 7 Mixing mechanism 8 Combustion mechanism 10 Atomizer 10A Nozzle body 10B Nozzle 10C Orthogonal spray 10D Spray casing 10E Discharge groove 11 Shower type atomizer 11A Supply section 11B Shower nozzle section 11C Ultrasonic vibrator 11D Spray nozzle 12 Ultrasonic vibration plate 12A Water absorption Natural substrate 12B Generation section 12C Minus high electrode 20 Plunger 20A Injection pump 20B Injection pump supply unit 21 Gasified water generation unit 21A Transfer pipe 21B Control valve 21C Check valve 30 Cylinder 30A Piston

Claims (4)

  Gasified water produced by a microdroplet mechanism and a gasification mechanism is supplied to a light oil supply portion of a plunger injection pump attached to a cylinder of a diesel engine that uses light oil as fuel. A fuel-efficient and low-emission gas combustion method for a diesel engine, which can be supplied and mixed at a rate of 55% by volume or less, thereby significantly reducing fuel consumption and exhaust gas.   The water droplet formation mechanism consists of a mechanism in which the nozzle bodies of the atomizer are arranged substantially orthogonally, and water is sprayed into and collided with the nozzle body to form droplets. 2. A structure in which droplets are circulated through an electric field addition path and a high voltage of 7000 to 21000 V is applied to cause Rayleigh splitting, thereby forming gaseous water having a droplet diameter of 300 nm or less. Of low fuel consumption exhaust gas for diesel engines.   The water droplet formation mechanism is an ultrasonic shower type atomizer that sprays approximately 10 to 20 μm droplets from the spray nozzle by vibration of an ultrasonic vibrator. 2. A low fuel consumption and low exhaust gas combustion method for a diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the electric field addition path is circulated and a high voltage of 7000 to 21000 V is applied to form gaseous water having a droplet diameter of 10 to 200 nm. .   A disturbing microdroplet forming mechanism in which water is ultrasonically oscillated by an ultrasonic vibration plate made of a piezoelectric material so that the water is disturbed and crushed to a crushed droplet diameter of 1.0 to 20 nm; The low fuel consumption low exhaust gas combustion method of a diesel engine according to claim 1, comprising a gasification minus potential mechanism for adding a potential.

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