JPH01163456A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a compact internal combustion engine, by a method wherein a PSA type oxygen enriching device to increase oxygen concentration is driven by means of a power generated by an internal combustion engine. CONSTITUTION:Air is pressurized by an air compressor 03 and enters an air reservoir 04, and is fed to an adsorption tower 06. N2 is adsorbed by means of an adsorber, and O2 rich gas is stored in an oxygen enrich air reservoir 07. High pressure gas is fed through a feed valve 22 of an internal combustion engine 21 to the upper part of a piston 23. High pressure gas is mixed with fuel injected from a fuel injection valve 26, and after compression explosion, a piston 23 is pressed down to rotate a crank shaft 24. Combustion gas competing its work is exhausted through an exhaust valve 25 to drive an exhaust turbine 29. The exhaust gas turbine 29 drives a vacuum pump 02 and the air compressor 03, being coaxial with each other.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines, diesel engines, and gas engines.

[Conventional technology]

An internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by combustion of fuel acts directly on a piston, turbine blades, etc., and the heat of combustion of the fuel is converted into mechanical work through expansion. Therefore, gas turbines, shelving engines, and rockets can also be included in internal combustion engines.9 Usually, a mixture of gas or liquid fuel and air is ignited in a cylinder.
It often refers to a reciprocating type that moves a piston by detonating it. In addition, these are.

Based on the type of fuel, they are broadly classified into gasoline engines, diesel engines, and gas engines.

In terms of operation, it can be divided into 4-cycle type, 2-cycle type, and rotary type, but 4-cycle type is equipped with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, as shown in the example shown in Fig. 3.
One operation is completed by two reciprocations of the piston due to compression, expansion, and exhaust. The two-cycle type, as shown in the example shown in Fig. 4, does not have an intake or exhaust valve, and the scavenging port and exhaust hole in the cylinder wall are opened and closed on the side of the piston, and one reciprocation of the piston performs suction, compression, expansion, and Exhaust the air. Both 4-cycle and 2-cycle types ignite and explode at the compression end. Perfectly 4
In the cycle type, two rotations of the crankshaft perform one rotation, and in the two-cycle type, one rotation of the crankshaft performs one job.

Therefore, if the cylinder size and rotational speed are the same, the two-cycle type can provide approximately twice the output as the four-cycle type. In addition, rotary type reeds and three-chamber types have also been put into practical use.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, various problems have arisen in industrial equipment as the amount of energy consumed increases as a result of industrial development, and internal combustion engines are also being forced to deal with these problems.

For example, in order to improve the environment, there is a need to improve exhaust gas purification using more economical methods, and in terms of energy economy, there is a need to further reduce fuel consumption.

The components of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines vary greatly depending on the fuel properties, but the main components are N2.002 and H2O, and SOx and NOx, which are considered air pollutants, are also included.

00, OnHm, and various particulate matter.

Among these, the lower the emissions of air pollutants, the better.9As shown in Table 1, for Japanese cars, 196
In 1974, regulations began to be imposed on gasoline-powered vehicles, and diesel vehicles were also regulated starting in 1974, and these regulations continue to this day.

In order to comply with these regulatory values, various methods have been proposed, including combustion improvement, treatment of unburned matter, and treatment of exhaust gas, and some of them are in practical use.

(Table 1) Examples of automobile exhaust gas regulation values (new cars) Among these various methods, the most practical method for treating exhaust gas is, for example, passing the exhaust gas through an exhaust gas purification catalyst.

Further improvements are required in terms of equipment size, pressure loss, etc.

As one method for improving this, it has been considered to use oxygen-enriched air as the oxidant gas for combustion. That is, by doing this, firstly, the total amount of gas discharged from the internal combustion engine body is reduced, so that the exhaust gas purification equipment installed on the downstream side can be made smaller according to the amount of gas. . The second is to improve combustion by reducing the N2 content, particularly to improve the combustibility of low-calorie fuels, to reduce unburned content, and to reduce the amount of NOx generated.

However, such an oxygen-enriched air combustion method has not yet been put into practical use. The reasons for this include that the equipment for producing oxygen-enriched air is too large and that the production requires an extremely large amount of power.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a compact internal combustion engine in which exhaust gas is sufficiently purified.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention is characterized in that it employs the following nine measures to solve the above-mentioned problems.

(1) A PSA air separation device (ideally a reciprocating PSA air separation device) was adopted as the oxygen enrichment device.

(2) Adoption of a device that organically connects the internal combustion engine body and the PSA device.

[Effect]

By employing the above means, the device can be made more compact and the required power can be reduced, making it possible to provide an economical internal combustion engine.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example in which a PSA type oxygen enrichment device 01 is applied to a four-cycle internal combustion engine.

In the figure, the vacuum pump 02 and air compressor 03, which account for most of the power required by the PSA oxygen enrichment device o1, are powered by high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from a four-cycle internal combustion engine 21. The exhaust gas turbine 29 is coaxially rotated, and the vacuum engine 02 and the air compressor o3 are driven by the turbine 29.

That is, air is pressurized by the air compressor 03.

It enters the air reservoir 04 and is then sent to the adsorption tower 06.

N2 is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the bath 06, and 02'J gas is stored in the oxygen enriched air reservoir 07. This high pressure gas is fed into the upper part of the piston 23 via the intake valve 22 of the four-stroke internal combustion engine 21.

Subsequently, the gas is mixed with fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 26, and after being compressed and exploded, the piston 23 is pushed down and the crankshaft 24 is rotated. In this way, the energy of the engine 21 is taken out to the outside. after that.

The combustion gas that has completed its work is exhausted to the outside of the system via the exhaust valve 25. Since this exhaust gas has energy of about 500'C, by introducing it into the exhaust gas turbine 29, the energy can be recovered.

05 is a control device for PSA, and 08 is an air population valve.

09 is an oxygen enriched air outlet valve, 10 is a N2' gas discharge valve, and 26 is an exhaust gas manifold.

Figure 2 shows a two-stroke diesel engine.

An example in which a PSA type oxygen enrichment device is applied is shown.

In the figure, the air compressor 03 and the reciprocating compressor 04, which account for most of the power required by the PSA oxygen enrichment device 01, are replaced by an exhaust gas turbine 29, respectively.

It is driven by the crankshaft 24 of the engine 31.

That is, air, which is a source of oxidant gas, is pressurized by an air compressor 03, enters an air reservoir 04, and is then sent to a reciprocating compressor 061 containing an adsorbent.

In the air, N2 is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the compressor 061. As a result, the 02 rich gas is transferred to the fuel mixer 33.
It is fed into the cylinder 32 through the .

The gas is compressed as the piston 34 rises, and when the piston 34 reaches near the top dead center, the mixture explodes, pushing down the piston 34 and rotating the crankshaft 24.

As a result, the energy of the engine 31 is taken out to the outside.

A part of this extracted rotational energy is transferred to the coupling 8
6 is used to operate the reciprocating compressor 061 on the PSA side. After pushing down the piston 34, the combustion gas is discharged to the outside through the exhaust port 38, and then introduced into the exhaust gas turbine 29, which drives it and rotates the air compressor 03.

In addition, 09 is an air outlet valve, 10 is an N2 rich gas discharge valve, 12 is a piston of the reciprocating compressor 06, 13 is a cylinder, and 14 is a crankshaft of the compressor 6.

18 is an air inlet hole, and 19 is an oxygen-enriched air outlet hole.

20 is a N2 rich gas exhaust hole.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Examples include the following modifications.

(1) Number of adsorption towers or cylinders containing adsorbent (2) Number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine (3) Type of internal combustion engine (4) Type of internal combustion engine and type of PSA oxygen enrichment device Combination [Effects of the Invention] The present invention is constructed as described above, and the present invention has the following advantages.

(1) Since the amount of exhaust gas per output can be reduced, the exhaust gas purification device can be made more compact.

(2) Because it becomes easier to burn low-calorie fuel.

As the types and range of compatible fuels expands.

It is also possible to use fuel mixed with water, and an economical internal combustion engine can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are system diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention. 8 and 4 are system diagrams showing conventional examples. 01: Oxygen enrichment device, 02: Vacuum pump, 03: Air compressor, 06: Adsorption tower, 21, 81: Diesel engine,
061: Reciprocating compressor, 29: Exhaust gas turbine

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen, coal, or various hydrocarbons as fuel and uses oxygen in the air as an oxidizing agent, P can increase the concentration of oxygen between the air intake port of the internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine.
An internal combustion engine comprising: an SA type oxygen enrichment device; and a power transmission device that supplies part or all of the driving force of the PSA type oxygen enrichment device using the power generated by the internal combustion engine. (2) In an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen, coal, or various hydrocarbons as fuel and uses oxygen in the air as an oxidizing agent, PS that can increase the concentration of oxygen between the air intake port of the internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine characterized by being provided with a type A oxygen enrichment device and an exhaust gas energy recovery device that supplies part or all of the driving force of the PSA type oxygen enrichment device using exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine.