JPH116615A - Heavy fuel oil combustion method and device employed for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide heavy fuel oil combustion method for burning heavy fuel oil, such as B heavy oil, C heavy oil, waste oil and the like completely, and reducing the discharging amount of contaminant while improving fuel consumption, and a device employed for the method. SOLUTION: A heavy oil combustion device is provided with a mixer 2 for forming water-in-oil type emulsion in which water and oil burning emulsified agent mixedly formed of caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as principal constituents, to disperse water particles into heavy oil, and a burner 7 for burning the water-in-oil type emulsion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heavy oil burning method for burning heavy oil such as C heavy oil and waste oil, and an apparatus used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heavy oil is produced in the final stage of a petroleum refining process. Generally, heavy oil A (one kind), heavy oil B (two kinds), heavy oil C (3) is used in view of viscosity, pour point and residual carbon content.
Species). Since such heavy oil is high in calories (about 10,000 kcal / kg), relatively inexpensive and easy to handle, its consumption is about 70 to 80 of all petroleum products used in Japan. %, And are widely used as fuel for internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, boilers, various furnaces, and the like.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned heavy oils, particularly high-viscosity heavy oils such as B-fuel oil and C-fuel oil, emit sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot,
Large amounts of pollutants such as dust are generated, and environmental pollution by these pollutants poses a serious threat to ecosystems. For this reason, in Japan, the standard of maximum emission of pollutants has been set, and it is required to provide advanced pollution control equipment for heavy oil combustion facilities, which is a factor of increasing the initial cost of the equipment.

[0004] Also, many companies use fuel oil C because it is relatively cheaper than fuel oils A and B. However, fuel oil C emits a larger amount of pollutants than fuel oil A and fuel oil B, so that more complicated and expensive pollution control equipment is required, and the initial cost is further increased. Also, trying to reduce pollutant emissions,
The heavy A oil and the B heavy oil must be mixed with the C heavy oil, which causes a problem that the running cost is increased.

[0005] When the C heavy oil is actually used as a fuel, generally, the C heavy oil is atomized and burned by a heavy oil burning burner. However, in this case, the diameter of the heavy oil particles increases, the central portion remains, causing incomplete combustion,
Large amounts of pollutants are emitted. Therefore, it is desired to completely burn inexpensive heavy fuel oil C and reduce the emission of pollutants.

On the other hand, besides the above-mentioned heavy oil, waste oil is one of those for which the measures for its treatment are difficult. For example, in a facility where waste oil is generated in a factory or the like, the waste oil is separated and processed into a reusable portion, a non-reusable portion, water, and the like. The non-reusable part is burned in a combustion furnace.
At that time, similarly to the case of the C heavy oil, the pollutants to be discharged must be controlled to a strict standard value or less. In addition, the separated water is contaminated by waste oil and generates an unpleasant odor, so it must be filtered and purified before being discharged. Therefore, in addition to the separation / combustion equipment for waste oil treatment, a water filtration and purification equipment is required. For this reason, it is desired that the waste oil be burned as it is, instead of being separated and treated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is intended to completely combust heavy oil such as B heavy oil, C heavy oil, waste oil, etc., to reduce pollutant emissions and improve fuel efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide an oil combustion method and an apparatus used for the method.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the method for burning heavy oil of the present invention comprises the steps of: adding water and an emulsifier for burning oil (A) to heavy oil; Forming a water-in-oil emulsion in which water particles are dispersed in high-quality oil;
And a step of burning the oil type emulsion. (A) An oil combustion emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components.

Further, the heavy oil combustion apparatus according to the present invention comprises a water oil in which water and an oil-emulsifying emulsifier of the following (A) are added to heavy oil and mixed to disperse water particles in the heavy oil. The gist is to provide a mixing means for forming an in-oil type emulsion and a combustion means for burning the water-in-oil type emulsion. (A) An oil combustion emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components.

The present inventor studied various combustion methods and conducted a series of studies in order to efficiently burn heavy oils such as B heavy oil, C heavy oil, and waste oil. In the course of this research, for example, if the water in the waste oil is present as it is, the water will hinder combustion. Was. In other words, it was conceived that a water-in-oil type emulsion was formed, and water particles exploded at the time of combustion to make the particles of waste oil finer and completely burn. Based on this idea, as a result of further research, heavy oil was mixed with an oil-burning emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components. It was found that a so-called water-in-oil emulsion in which water particles were uniformly dispersed was formed. That is, a state in which water particles are dispersed in a dispersion medium made of heavy oil is formed, which is completely opposite to a state in which oil particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium such as a conventional emulsion. Therefore, when the water-in-oil emulsion is burned, the dispersed water particles explode, and the heavy oil particles become fine and burn, and the central portion of the heavy oil remains as in the related art. It was found that the fuel was completely combusted without causing the present invention.

The mixing ratio of caustic soda (a), calcium chloride (b) and water (c), which are the main components of the emulsifier for oil combustion, is based on 100 liters of water (c).
It has been found that it is preferable to set the caustic soda (a) in the range of 5 to 50 kg and the calcium chloride (b) in the range of 5 to 50 kg.

Further, when preparing a water-in-oil type emulsion solution using the above oil-burning emulsifier, the mixing ratio (X) of heavy oil and water (X) with the oil-burning emulsifier (Y) : Y) by weight ratio of X: Y = 1: 0.
It has been found that setting the ratio of 002 to 1: 0.003 is preferable from the viewpoint of producing the water-in-oil emulsion.

[0013]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

According to the heavy oil burning method of the present invention, a water-in-oil emulsion in which water and an oil emulsifier are added to heavy oil and mixed to disperse water particles in the heavy oil. Is formed. Next, the water-in-oil emulsion is burned.

The heavy oil is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, petroleum heavy hydrocarbon oil, heavy B oil, and heavy C oil.
Heavy oil, crude oil, oil sands and the like can be mentioned. In the present invention, the heavy oil also includes waste oil generated in various industrial facilities in addition to the C heavy oil and the like.

The oil-burning emulsifier (hereinafter abbreviated as "emulsifier") contains caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components.

The caustic soda and calcium chloride are not particularly limited, and conventionally known ones are used. The water is not particularly limited, and ordinary water including tap water and seawater is used.

In the above emulsifier, the mixing ratio (a: b: c) of the above caustic soda (a), calcium chloride (b) and water (c) is based on 100 liters of water (c).
Preferably, caustic soda (a) is set in the range of 5 to 50 kg, and calcium chloride (b) is set in the range of 5 to 50 kg. More preferably, 15 to 25 kg of caustic soda (a) is added to 100 liters of water (c). The amount of calcium chloride (b) is in the range of 15 to 25 kg, and particularly preferably, the amount of caustic soda (a) is 25 kg and the amount of calcium chloride (b) is 25 kg per 100 liters of water (c). That is, in the mixing ratio of the above three,
If the mixing amount of water is lower than the above range and is too small, the viscosity of the liquid becomes high, it is difficult to flow, and there is a tendency that measurement is difficult.If the mixing amount of water exceeds the above range and is too large, This is because there is a tendency that transportation and equipment costs are high.

The emulsifier may optionally contain additives such as calcium carbonate and ammonia in addition to the main components, such as the caustic soda, calcium chloride and water. The amount of the additive is not particularly limited as long as the action of the emulsifier of the present invention is not impaired. For example, it is preferably set to 80% by weight or less of the whole emulsifier.

The emulsifier is, for example, caustic soda,
It is obtained by adding and mixing calcium chloride and water, and, if necessary, various additives in a desired mixing ratio.

Then, water and the above-mentioned emulsifier are added to the heavy oil and mixed, whereby a water / water emulsified oil in which water particles are uniformly dispersed in a dispersion medium composed of the heavy oil is obtained.
Form an in-oil emulsion. The addition and mixing of the emulsifier and water into the heavy oil may be carried out by adding the emulsifier and the water into the heavy oil at the same time, or by adding the water after adding the emulsifier into the heavy oil. May be. Also,
After adding water, the emulsifier may be added and mixed. Furthermore, the mixing conditions such as the temperature at the time of adding and mixing water and an emulsifier to the heavy oil are not particularly limited.

In the water-in-oil type emulsion, heavy oil is used as a dispersion medium, and water is dispersed in the heavy oil in a particulate state. In addition, the viscosity is higher than that of heavy oil. As described above, since the water-in-oil type emulsion has a high viscosity, even when left for a long period of time, water and heavy oil do not separate due to a specific gravity difference between the water and the heavy oil, and water particles are contained in the heavy oil. Is maintained in a dispersed state.

In the step of forming the water-in-oil type emulsion, the mixing ratio (d: e) of the heavy oil (d) and the water (e) when mixing the two is as follows:
It is preferable to set d: e = 95: 5 to 30:70 by weight. Particularly preferably, d: e is a ratio of 70:30 to 90:10 from the viewpoint of solution cost, initial cost and the like with respect to fuel cost reduction.

Furthermore, when the emulsifier (Y) is added to the heavy oil and water (X) and mixed, the mixing ratio (X: Y) of both is X: Y = 1: 0. 001-001
It is preferable to set the ratio to 1: 0.1. X: Y is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of flow measurement, equipment, transportation costs, and the like.
= 1: 0.002 to 1: 0.003.

Next, the water-in-oil type emulsion is burned.

When the water-in-oil emulsion is burned, it is preferable to spray the water-in-oil emulsion from a burner and burn it from the viewpoint of complete combustion, but there is no particular limitation. . The combustion temperature is 200 to 200
It is preferably about 0 ° C, and more preferably about 700 to 1500 ° C. More preferably, 700 to 11
00 ° C. The air ratio is preferably about 0.8 to 2, more preferably 1.15 to 1.18. Here, the air ratio is adjusted based on the combustion temperature, thermal efficiency, pollution value, and the like.

As described above, in the heavy oil burning method of the present invention, since the water-in-oil type emulsion in which the water particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium is burned, the dispersed water particles explode and heavy. The heavy oil particles become fine and burn, and the heavy oil is completely burned without remaining the central portion as in the conventional case. As a result, combustion efficiency is improved and cost is reduced. As a result, the generation of pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot and dust is suppressed, and It is a very effective means.

An apparatus used in the above heavy oil burning method will be described.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a heavy oil combustion apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an oil tank for storing burning heavy oil. Reference numeral 2 denotes a stirrer for mixing heavy oil supplied from the oil tank 1, water and an emulsifier.
A water supply path 3 and an emulsifier supply path 4 for supplying an emulsifier are connected to the stirrer 2 so that water and an emulsifier are added to the heavy oil at a predetermined ratio. In addition, a propeller type stirring device is provided inside the stirrer 2 (not shown), and a heavy oil, water and an emulsifier are mixed to form a water-in-oil type emulsion. ing.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a mixed oil storage tank for temporarily storing the water-in-oil type emulsion formed by the stirrer 2. The water-in-oil emulsion is supplied from the mixed oil storage tank 5 to the burner 7 through the mixed oil supply path 6. On the other hand, a return path is provided in the mixed oil storage tank 5 branching off from the mixed oil supply path 6 to return a part of the water-in-oil type emulsion. Note that the reflux path may not be provided. The above-mentioned water-in-oil type emulsion has a state in which heavy oil serves as a dispersion medium and water is dispersed in the heavy oil in the form of particles and has a higher viscosity than heavy oil. Yes, heavy oil and water do not separate due to the difference in specific gravity. Therefore, the state in which the water particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium made of the heavy oil is maintained even when left in the mixed oil storage tank 5 for a long time.

9 is a combustion chamber for burning the water-in-oil type emulsion sprayed from the burner 7, and 10 is a chimney. In the combustion chamber 9, a water-in-oil emulsion in which water particles are dispersed in heavy oil is sprayed from the burner 7 and burned. During this combustion, the dispersed water particles explode, and the heavy oil particles become fine and burn, and the heavy oil is completely burned without remaining the central portion as in the conventional case. The combustion chamber 9 is provided with a steam generator (not shown) to recover combustion heat as high-pressure steam for effective use. In this case, since the heavy oil is completely burned, the combustion efficiency is improved and the fuel efficiency is improved.

In the above apparatus, the stirrer 2 is provided, and the emulsifier and the water are added to the heavy oil supplied into the stirrer 2 and mixed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. , A stirrer is installed in the heavy oil supply pipe,
An emulsifier and water may be directly added to and mixed with the heavy oil supply pipe. Further, the stirring device is not limited to the propeller type, and various types can be used.

According to the above heavy oil combustion apparatus, an emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components and water are added to the heavy oil and mixed to disperse the water particles in the heavy oil. A water-in-oil emulsion is formed, and the water-in-oil emulsion is burned. The water particles dispersed in the heavy oil explode, and the heavy oil particles become fine. Is completely burned without the center portion remaining. Therefore, the amount of pollutants generated is reduced, and large-scale pollution control equipment as in the related art is not required, and the initial cost can be significantly reduced.

Next, examples will be described together with comparative examples.

[0035]

EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES First, emulsifiers were prepared by mixing and mixing the components shown in Table 1 below in the proportions shown in the table.

[0036]

[Table 1]

The above emulsifiers A to C and water and C heavy oil are
Mix and mix in the ratio shown in Table 2 below,
An in-oil emulsion was formed.

[0038]

[Table 2]

FIG. 2 shows a micrograph of the water-in-oil emulsion obtained in Example 1 among the water-in-oil emulsions obtained as described above. From the micrograph, it was confirmed that water particles were uniformly dispersed in the dispersion medium using heavy fuel oil C as the dispersion medium. In addition, all the other examples were confirmed with a microscope, but as in Example 1, it was confirmed that heavy oil C was used as the dispersion medium and that the water particles were uniformly dispersed in the dispersion medium. Moreover, all of the examples are
High viscosity due to heavy fuel oil C.

Next, using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a combustion test was conducted on the composition of Example 1 described above. Also,
As a comparative example, a similar combustion test was performed for only C heavy oil. The combustion capacity and air ratio at this time are shown in Table 3 below.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a) shows a photograph of the combustion state viewed from the furnace bottom.
Shown in FIG. 3B shows a photograph of the combustion state viewed from the furnace bottom.

[0041]

[Table 3]

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), in the comparative example, sparks are flying, and it can be observed that the central portion of the C heavy oil particles remains and causes incomplete combustion. On the other hand, in Example 1, the spark did not fly, the shape of the flame was good, and the combustion state was good, indicating that the combustion was complete.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, an emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components and water are added to heavy oil and mixed to form water particles in the heavy oil. Form a dispersed water-in-oil emulsion,
The water-in-oil emulsion is burned. The water-in-oil emulsion has a state in which the heavy oil serves as a dispersion medium, and water is dispersed in the heavy oil in a particulate state. The viscosity is such that heavy oil and water do not separate due to a difference in specific gravity even after being left for a long period of time, and a state in which water particles are dispersed in heavy oil is maintained. Then, since the water-in-oil emulsion is burned, the water particles dispersed in the heavy oil explode to make the heavy oil particles fine, and complete combustion without leaving the central portion of the heavy oil. Is done. Therefore, the amount of pollutants generated is reduced, and large-scale pollution control equipment is no longer required as in the related art, so that the cost can be significantly reduced. In addition, waste oil generated in a factory or the like can be burned and processed as it is, instead of being separated and processed, so that a separation unit for waste oil treatment, a water filtration purification unit, and the like are not required.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of a heavy oil combustion device of the present invention.

FIG. 2. Water-in treated with emulsifier
It is a microscope picture (magnification x170 time) which shows the state of an oil type emulsion (Example 1 article).

FIGS. 3A and 3B are photographs of the combustion state of heavy fuel oil C. FIG. 3A is a state in which the fuel oil is burned as a water-in-oil type emulsion, and FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 stirrer 7 burner

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A step of adding water and an oil-emulsifying emulsifier of the following (A) to a heavy oil and mixing them to form a water-in-oil emulsion in which water particles are dispersed in the heavy oil. Burning the water-in-oil emulsion. (A) An oil combustion emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components. 2. The mixing ratio of caustic soda (a), calcium chloride (b) and water (c) of the emulsifier for oil combustion of (A) is 100 liters of water (c) and 100 liters of caustic soda (a). ) Is 5 to 50 kg, and calcium chloride (b) is 5 to 5
2. The heavy oil combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the amount is set within a range of 0 kg. 3. The heavy oil combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the heavy oil is heavy B oil, heavy C oil or waste oil. 4. The mixing ratio (d: e) of the heavy oil (d) and water (e) is d: e = 95: 5 to 30: 7 by weight ratio.
The heavy oil combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio is set to 0. 5. The mixing ratio (X: Y) of the heavy oil and water (X) and the emulsifier for oil combustion (Y) is expressed by a weight ratio of X: Y.
The heavy oil combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio is set to = 1: 0.002 to 1: 0.003. 6. Mixing means for adding and mixing water and an oil-emulsifying emulsifier of the following (A) to a heavy oil to form a water-in-oil type emulsion in which water particles are dispersed in the heavy oil. And a combustion means for burning the water-in-oil emulsion. (A) An oil combustion emulsifier containing caustic soda, calcium chloride and water as main components. 7. The heavy oil combustion device according to claim 6, wherein the heavy oil is heavy B oil, heavy C oil or waste oil.