JP2007078301A - Fossil fuel burning method, and fossil fuel burning device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a burning method for burning fossil fuel more efficiently. <P>SOLUTION: The burning method for burning fossil fuel is provided with a process of producing emulsified fuel D by adding and mixing water B and an emulsifier C in the fossil fuel A, and a process of carrying out the injection combustion of the emulsified fuel D and fossil fuel E for seed flame in a boiler. A mixing ratio of fossil fuel and water can be provided at about 1:1 in volume ratio by burning the fossil fuel as seed flame when burning the emulsified fuel produced by mixing the fossil fuel, the water, and the emulsifier. Although the volume ratio is 1:1, in other words, a mixed amount of the fossil fuel is about 50%, combustion can be carried out more efficiently than burning only fossil fuel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a fossil fuel combustion method and a fossil fuel combustion apparatus for burning fossil fuel such as heavy oil and waste oil.

Fossil fuels are organic materials that have been created by the transformation of geological and terrestrial remains, such as flora and fauna. Petroleum is a typical example, and in addition to kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, etc. obtained by refining petroleum, waste oil such as used lubricating oil also falls under this fossil fuel. Among these, especially heavy oil is comparatively cheap and has a high calorie, so it is widely used as a fuel for internal combustion engines such as boilers and ship engines, and various incinerators. Waste oil is also a valuable energy source in terms of resource recycling. On the other hand, such a fossil fuel has a combustion method and a combustion apparatus using an emulsion fuel for the purpose of improving the combustion efficiency, suppressing the discharge of pollutants, and further reducing the cost by reducing the amount used. (Hereinafter referred to as “conventional method etc.”) has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The emulsion fuel used in the conventional method refers to a fuel produced by adding water and an emulsifier to heavy oil or the like and mixing them. The emulsifier disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains caustic soda, calcium chloride, and water as its main components.
Japanese Patent No. 3458262 (see paragraphs 0008 and 0014, FIG. 1)

  However, although emulsion fuel can be produced using various types of emulsifiers (additives), the conventional combustion method in which the emulsion fuel thus produced is ignited and burned is not necessarily efficient. Cannot burn well. The problem to be solved by the present invention is to burn the emulsion fuel more efficiently.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, the emulsion fuel and the non-emulsified fossil fuel are used together in the combustion, compared with the case where the same emulsion fuel is burned alone. As a result, it was found that the combustion efficiency could be improved. In other words, even if the total amount of fossil fuel used for combustion is the same, the latter is better from the viewpoint of combustion efficiency when all of it is used for emulsion fuel and part is used for emulsion fuel and the rest is used for seed fire. Yes. The present invention has been made based on this viewpoint. The specific configuration of the present invention will be described again. It should be noted that the definitions of terms used to describe the invention described in any claim are applicable to the invention described in other claims as long as the nature of the invention is possible regardless of the category of the invention. .

(Structure of the invention described in claim 1)
The fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention of claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 1” as appropriate) comprises adding water (B) and emulsifier (C) to fossil fuel (A) and mixing them. And the step of producing the emulsion fuel (D) and the step of injecting or spraying the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed fossil fuel (E) in a boiler. Combustion efficiency can be improved by the combined combustion of the fossil fuel for the seed fire as compared with the single combustion of the emulsion fuel. If the combustion efficiency is improved, the thermal efficiency is improved correspondingly, and the combustion of pollutants is promoted. As described above, the fossil fuel includes various oils and waste oil. A fuel obtained by mixing two or more types of fossil fuels is also included in the fossil fuel. The fossil fuel for producing the emulsion fuel and the fossil fuel for seed fire may be of different types. The case where the fossil fuel used for the emulsion fuel is constituted by, for example, a mixed oil of B heavy oil and waste oil, and the seed fossil fuel is constituted by, for example, A heavy oil corresponds to this. On the other hand, if the fossil fuel same as the fossil fuel used for the emulsion fuel (for example, A heavy oil) is used for the fossil fuel for the seed fire, only one type of fossil fuel is prepared. It is easier than the seed case.

(Characteristics of the invention described in claim 2)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention described in claim 2 (hereinafter, referred to as “combustion method of claim 2” as appropriate), the fossil fuel (A) and the fossil fuel (A) are preferably used as a preferred embodiment based on the combustion method of claim 1. The mixing ratio (A: B) with water (B) is set to a volume ratio of approximately 1: 1. That is, if the fossil fuel is, for example, 100 liters, the same amount of water is mixed with the fossil fuel so that 100 liters of water is mixed. Although not intended to limit the volume ratio, it is needless to say that the amount of fossil fuel used to obtain the same amount of heat on the premise of high-efficiency combustion is preferably as small as possible. It is possible to reduce the amount of fossil fuel to be mixed (increase the amount of water) at least up to the above volume ratio.

(Characteristics of Claim 3)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention described in claim 3 (hereinafter, referred to as “the combustion method of claim 3” as appropriate), the emulsion fuel (D) is preferably used as a preferred embodiment based on the combustion method of claim 1 or 2. Is heated to 30-50 ° C. before combustion, if necessary. It is conceivable that the emulsion fuel to be combusted, particularly when heavy oil or waste oil is used, is low in temperature (fuel temperature, outside air temperature), and the viscosity is lowered to deteriorate the combustion efficiency. Even in the same combustion facility, the outside air temperature is different in the summer and winter, and the outside air temperature is different in the south region and the north region even in the same season. It is heating to eliminate such seasonal and regional differences and maintain high combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel. If not necessary, the heating step can be omitted. It should be noted that heating the seed-fire fossil fuel at an appropriate temperature is not prevented as required.

(Feature of the invention of claim 4)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention of claim 4 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 4” as appropriate), the emulsifier (C ) Is mainly composed of naphtha, and the mixing ratio with respect to water (B: C) is set in a range of a volume ratio of 1: 0.01 to 0.0001. Although emulsifiers other than the above-mentioned emulsifiers can be used, high combustion efficiency can be obtained by using an emulsifier based on naphtha. “Naphtha” generally refers to a fraction at 20 to 200 ° C. when refining crude oil by direct atmospheric distillation.

(Feature of the invention of claim 5)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention described in claim 5 (hereinafter, referred to as “combustion method of claim 5” as appropriate), the emulsion fuel ( The injection amount ratio (D: E) between D) and the fossil fuel (E) is set in a range of a volume ratio of 1: 0.125 to 0.375 per unit time. That is, for example, when emulsifying fuel is injected at 8 gallons / min, seed fossil fuel (for example, A heavy oil) is injected at 2 gallons / min. Although not intended to limit the volume ratio, it is needless to say that the amount of seed-fired fossil fuel used to obtain the same amount of heat on the premise of high-efficiency combustion is preferably as small as possible.

(Characteristics of the invention described in claim 6)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention described in claim 6 (hereinafter, referred to as “combustion method of claim 6” as appropriate), as a preferred mode premised on the combustion method of claim 5, the amount of ventilation to the boiler is: The fossil fuel (A) is set to 20 to 50% of the amount of ventilation required when injecting and burning only the fossil fuel (A) in the boiler. In other words, when fossil fuel is, for example, A heavy oil, when the amount of ventilation necessary for burning A heavy oil in a certain boiler is set to 1, the emulsion fuel using A heavy oil is burned in the same boiler. Is set in a range of 0.2 to 0.5. The set ventilation rate is not necessarily fixed. For example, it is possible to appropriately change the air flow rate within the above range in accordance with changes in the combustion purpose and use environment. By supplying to the emulsion fuel an air flow rate within the above range with respect to the air flow rate required for the combustion of only fossil fuel, in other words, by reducing the air flow rate, at least CO ₂ emission can be reduced. On the contrary, the thermal efficiency can be improved. This is presumably due to the following reason. That is, when the emulsion fuel is combusted in the boiler, the water contained therein is rapidly expanded by steam microexplosion (generally, 1 cc of water expands to about 3200 cc). This rapid expansion of water makes the contained fossil fuel finer and further changes to a gas fuel such as CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ by a water gas-like reaction. It is considered that the air (oxygen) that is deficient due to narrowing is supplemented by oxygen that is generated when water contained in the emulsion fuel is decomposed.

(Feature of the invention of claim 7)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention of claim 7 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 7” as appropriate), the produced emulsion is preferably used as a premise based on the combustion method of any one of claims 1 to 6. A process of stirring the fuel intermittently (repeating stirring and stopping thereof) or continuously stirring the fuel is used in combination. In short, the emulsion fuel is stirred occasionally or continuously. As mentioned above, the emulsion fuel is a mixture of water and fossil fuel with the aid of an emulsifier. For example, the types of fossil fuel and emulsifier, the mixing ratio, the mixing degree, the use・ Fossil fuel and water may be separated due to changes in the storage environment. Therefore, it is effective to agitate the emulsion fuel as necessary in order to maintain the uniformity of the emulsion fuel and form a favorable state for combustion. Stirring can also be expected to have the effect of maintaining the viscosity of the emulsion fuel.

(Characteristics of the invention described in claim 8)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention of claim 8 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 8” as appropriate), the emulsion fuel ( A technique is adopted in which the fuel nozzle for injecting D) and the seed fire nozzle for injecting the seed fire fossil fuel (E) are kept warm by a heat retaining member. By keeping the temperature of both the fuel nozzle and the seed fire nozzle, both the emulsion fuel and the seed fire fossil fuel are injected without being heated or at least cooled. Therefore, the viscosity of the injected emulsion fuel and seed fossil fuel does not decrease. High viscosity promotes high combustion efficiency of fuel. The heat retaining member is, for example, a member that can be kept warm (heatable) by itself generating heat, or that does not generate heat but can store the heat by storing the heat of combustion in the boiler and the like (heated) Possible materials), paints which are applied to the peripheral wall of the boiler crater and the outer wall of the nozzle and have a heat-retaining effect, and those obtained by appropriately combining the above-described members.

(Feature of the invention of claim 9)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention described in claim 9 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 9” as appropriate), as a preferred embodiment based on the combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the heat retaining member is A hollow cylindrical ceramic body provided in the boiler crater, and the fuel nozzle and the seed fire nozzle are arranged in a hollow portion of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body. Since the ceramic generally has a heat storage function, the nozzle can be kept warm by the heat stored by storing the combustion heat of the boiler.

(Features of the invention of claim 10)
In the fossil fuel combustion method according to the invention of claim 10 (hereinafter referred to as “the combustion method of claim 10” as appropriate), the fossil fuel ( A) can be composed of one or a mixture of kerosene, light oil, A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil or waste oil. This is because the above-mentioned fossil fuels are easy to use because they are easily available and have high calories. In particular, heavy oil and waste oil are cheaper than kerosene and via.

(Characteristic of the invention of claim 11)
In the fossil fuel combustion apparatus according to the invention of claim 11 (hereinafter referred to as “combustion apparatus of claim 11” as appropriate), water (B) and emulsifier (C) are added to and mixed with the fossil fuel (A). A generation mechanism for generating emulsion fuel (D) by means of, a fuel nozzle for injecting the emulsion fuel (D) generated by the generation mechanism into the boiler, and injecting fossil fuel for seed fire into the boiler And a seed-fire nozzle for the purpose. The fossil fuel, water, and emulsifier can be mixed at the same time, any one can be mixed with the other two at the same time, or any one can be premixed. It is advisable to mix them in the order that seems to be efficient. For example, the generation mechanism can be configured to stop the operation after generating a predetermined amount of emulsion fuel and restart the operation when generation is required after that, in order to suppress re-separation of fossil fuel and water. It is preferable that the emulsion fuel is always stirred during use. The conventional boiler for burning the emulsion fuel alone includes only the fuel nozzle, but the combustion apparatus according to claim 11 which combusts the fossil fuel for seed fire together includes the nozzle for seed fire. It is preferable that the combustion in the boiler is only the fossil fuel for seed fire at the beginning of ignition (and therefore, it is easy to ignite). This is because if the emulsion fuel is injected after the temperature in the boiler rises to some extent due to the combustion of the fossil fuel for the seed fire, it can be burned efficiently.

(Feature of the invention of claim 12)
In a fossil fuel combustion apparatus according to the invention of claim 12 (hereinafter, referred to as “combustion apparatus of claim 12” as appropriate), as a preferable aspect provided with the basic configuration of the combustion apparatus of claim 11, the fuel The nozzle for use and the nozzle for seed fire are arranged in a hollow portion of a hollow cylindrical ceramic body provided in the boiler crater. Since the ceramic generally has a heat storage function, the nozzle can be kept warm by the heat stored by storing the combustion heat of the boiler. By keeping the temperature of both the fuel nozzle and the seed fire nozzle, both the emulsion fuel and the seed fire fossil fuel are injected without being heated or at least cooled. Therefore, the viscosity of the injected emulsion fuel and seed fossil fuel does not decrease. High viscosity promotes high combustion efficiency of fuel.

(Feature of the invention of claim 13)
In the fossil fuel combustion apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “combustion apparatus of claim 13” as appropriate) according to the invention of claim 13, the hollow structure is preferably provided as a preferred embodiment with the basic configuration of the combustion apparatus of claim 12. The inner wall of the hollow portion of the cylindrical ceramic body is formed in a taper shape that widens from the middle of the inner wall of the hollow portion toward the boiler side. That is, the longitudinal section of the hollow portion of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body is formed in a funnel shape that extends in the injection direction of the emulsion fuel (fossil fuel for seed fire). The injected emulsion fuel tends to expand rapidly due to the combustion of water and fossil fuel contained in it, but the expansion toward the injection direction of the hollow portion causes the water and fossil fuel to expand into the boiler in a manner similar to that of a megaphone. Diffuse by. Due to this diffusion, water and fossil fuel that have rapidly expanded over a wide area in the boiler are spread, and as a result, it is estimated that efficient combustion is realized in the boiler.

  According to the fossil fuel combustion method and the fossil fuel combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the seed fuel fossil fuel is burned together in order to burn the emulsion fuel, so that the emulsion fuel can be burned more efficiently. . When the same type and amount of fuel are used, more heat can be taken out as much as it can be burned efficiently. In other words, the fuel for taking out the same amount of heat can be reduced. Therefore, reduction of combustion cost is realized.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment” as appropriate) will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel device capable of carrying out an emulsion fuel combustion method. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a burner provided in the combustion apparatus shown in FIG.

(Fossil fuel combustion method)
The procedure of the fossil fuel combustion method will be described with reference to FIG. In this combustion method, first, emulsion fuel (D) is generated. Emulsion fuel is produced by adding water (B) and emulsifier (C) to fossil fuel (A) and mixing them. Preferably, the emulsifier (C) is mixed in the water (B) and stirred to produce water containing the emulsifier, and the fossil fuel (A) is mixed with the produced water. The fossil fuel (A) can be efficiently mixed by stirring it while gradually pouring it into water containing an emulsifier. For fossil fuel, use kerosene, light oil, heavy oil (A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil), waste oil discharged from various industrial facilities, and a mixture of any of these. You can also. Water is generally tap water or well water, but it does not prevent the use of river water or the like as long as it does not hinder combustion. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about an emulsifier (C), In this embodiment, the thing which has as a main component the naphtha which can be obtained by petroleum refining was used. The emulsifier (C) can be constituted only with this naphtha, but it is also possible to mix other components with naphtha as a main component. The volume ratio (A: B) of fossil fuel (A) and water (B) is approximately 1: 1, that is, both are approximately the same amount. The volume ratio (B: C) of the emulsifier (C) to the water (B) can be set in the range of 1: 0.01 to 0.0001. There are no particular restrictions on conditions other than the above conditions, for example, temperature conditions at the time of mixing.

  The produced emulsion fuel (D) is injected and combusted in a boiler with a seed fossil fuel (E). Preferably, the seed-fired fossil fuel (E) is pre-injected and ignited to warm the boiler to some extent before the emulsion fuel (D) is injected. If the emulsion fuel (D) is injected into the place where the seed fossil fuel (E) is burning, it is easy to ignite the emulsion fuel (D) in combination with the increased temperature in the boiler. It is because it is performed. It is convenient to use the same type of fossil fuel as the fossil fuel (E) used for producing the emulsion fuel (D). This is because unifying the types of fuels used saves labor because it is easier to obtain and store fuels than when using multiple types of fuels. In other words, if the fossil fuel to be mixed with the emulsion fuel (D) is A heavy oil, if the fossil fuel for seed fire (E) is also the same A heavy oil, a part of the obtained A heavy oil is generated as the emulsion fuel (D). Therefore, the remaining part can be used as a fossil fuel for seed fire (E) for combustion.

  When the emulsion fuel (D) becomes low in viscosity due to the influence of the outside temperature or the like and has an adverse effect on the combustion efficiency, or when it may be given, the emulsion fuel (D) is, for example, 30 It is good to heat to the range of -50 degreeC. This is to ensure the required viscosity and to create a state that is easy to ignite. The injection amount ratio (D: E) between the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed-fired fossil fuel (E) is set in a range of a volume ratio of 1: 0.125 to 0.375 per unit time. It is good to adjust within the said range, determining a combustion condition. It is preferable to adjust the ventilation rate to the boiler as well. The amount of ventilation to the boiler is set to 20 to 50% of the amount of ventilation required when only fossil fuel (A) is injected and burned in the boiler. In other words, when A heavy oil is used as the seed fossil fuel (E), the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed fire are used when the ventilation rate required for burning only the A heavy oil in the boiler is set to 1. The amount of ventilation when the fossil fuel (E) and the fossil fuel (E) are burned together may be narrowed to the range of 0.125 to 0.375. The air (oxygen) that is deficient due to the reduction of the air flow rate is supplemented with oxygen that is released when the water contained in the emulsion fuel is decomposed, and therefore there is no oxygen deficiency.

  The emulsion fuel (D) is injected from the fuel nozzle, and the seed fossil fuel (E) is injected from the seed fire nozzle. These fuel nozzle and seed fire nozzle are the boiler crater. Is provided. It is desired to provide a hollow cylindrical ceramic body at the crater of the boiler to cover (enclose) both the fuel nozzle and the seed nozzle. The heat storage action of the ceramic stores the heat from the boiler, and the stored heat keeps or warms the fuel nozzle and seeding nozzle, and the emulsion fuel (D) and seeding fossil fuel (E This is because it effectively suppresses the lowering of viscosity). Suppression of viscosity reduction greatly contributes to high-efficiency combustion.

According to this combustion method, when the emulsion fuel (D) is combusted in the boiler, the water contained therein is rapidly expanded by a steam explosion (generally, 1 cc of water expands to about 3200 cc). This rapid expansion of water makes the contained fossil fuel finer and further changes to a gas fuel such as CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ by a water gas-like reaction. Combustion of the seed fossil fuel (E) promotes the combustion of the emulsion fuel (D), and by this promoting action, the combustion of the emulsion fuel (D) and hence the fossil fuel (A) is made efficient. Efficient combustion of fossil fuels effectively suppresses the generation of pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and dioxins. Therefore, it can be said that it is a very preferable combustion method for environmental conservation. In addition, kerosene and light oil, as well as relatively inexpensive heavy oil, and waste oil can be used as fossil fuels, so that the combustion cost can be kept low. The fact that waste oil, which is said to be difficult to treat, can also be used provides a means for treating waste oil without polluting the environment.

(Fossil fuel combustion equipment, schematic structure)
A fossil fuel combustion apparatus (hereinafter simply referred to as “combustion apparatus”) capable of implementing the above-described combustion method will be described with reference to FIG. The combustion apparatus 1 includes a generation mechanism 3 for generating the emulsion fuel (D), a burner 5 for burning the emulsion fuel (D) together with the fossil fuel (E), and a boiler functioning as a combustion chamber. 7 is generally configured. The combustion apparatus 1 can be used, for example, as a boiler used for house cultivation such as melon or strawberry, as an internal combustion engine such as a ship engine, or as an incinerator for incinerating waste oil or the like. The magnitude | size of the combustion apparatus 1 can be set according to such a use purpose and a use application.

(Structure of generation mechanism)
A specific structure of the generation mechanism 3 will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the generation mechanism 3 is a mechanism for generating the emulsion fuel (D). The fossil fuel tank 11, the emulsion fuel tank 13, the stirring device 17 and the heater 19 are configured as main members. It is. The fossil fuel tank 11 is a tank for storing a fossil fuel that is a basic material of the emulsion fuel (D). As described above, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, waste oil, and the like can be used as fossil fuel. In this embodiment, A heavy oil is used as this fossil fuel. The heavy fuel oil A stored in the fossil fuel tank 11 is configured to be able to feed oil via the oil feed pipe 12, and the oil feed pipe 12 is branched into the tank branch pipe 12a and the burner branch pipe 12b from the middle. It is. The tank branch pipe 12a and the burner branch pipe 12b are configured such that the amount of oil can be adjusted by opening / closing the valve 12v and operating / disabling the pump 12p. The burner branch pipe 12b is provided with a pump 12p for pumping the seed-fire fossil fuel (E). In the present embodiment, the fossil fuel (A) for generating the emulsion fuel (D) and the fossil fuel for seed fire (E) are composed of the same fossil fuel. The fossil fuel that passes through the branch pipe 12a and the fossil fuel that passes through the burner branch pipe 12b are stored in the same fossil fuel tank 11 and are not different. The fossil fuel passing through the branch pipe 12a is called fossil fuel (A), and the fossil fuel passing through the burner branch pipe 12b is called seed fossil fuel (E). As the emulsifier (C) in the present embodiment, an emulsifier containing naphtha as a main component is employed.

  The emulsion fuel tank 13 is a tank for mainly storing the emulsion fuel (D). The case where the emulsion fuel tank 13 stores something other than the emulsion fuel (D) will be described later. In the emulsion fuel tank 13, a water injection pipe 15 for injecting well water (may be tap water or the like) through valves, an injection pipe 16 for injecting emulsifier (C), and the aforementioned tank branch pipe 12a and an introduction pipe 21 to be described later are provided as input-side pipes, and a discharge pipe 14 and a delivery pipe 23 are provided as output-side pipes. The emulsion fuel tank 13 is a tank for mainly storing the emulsion fuel (D). This point has been described above. The order of mixing the emulsion fuel (D) is not limited. In this embodiment, first, water (B) and emulsifier (C) are mixed, and then fossil fuel (A) is mixed. It is comprised so that it may do. This is because it is easier to mix the fossil fuel (A) in the water (B) in which the emulsifier (C) is dispersed than in other procedures. Therefore, at the beginning of operation of the combustion apparatus 1 (generation mechanism 3), the fossil fuel (A) is not injected, that is, only water (B) and emulsifier (C) are stored in the emulsion fuel tank 13. A state may be born. This state is a case where the emulsion fuel tank 13 stores things other than the emulsion fuel (D) described above. As described above, water (B) is injected into the emulsion fuel tank 13 through the water injection pipe 15 and the emulsifier (C) is injected through the injection pipe 16 as described above. ) And the emulsifier (C) may be mixed, and the mixture may be injected into the emulsion fuel tank 13. The injection tube 16 may be omitted, and the emulsifier (C) stored in a container (not shown) may be injected into water (B) by hand instead. The mixing of the water (B) and the emulsifier (C), and the mixing of these and the fossil fuel (A) are performed using the stirring and conveying function of the stirring device 17. That is, the water (B), the emulsifier (C), and the fossil fuel (A) stored in the emulsion fuel tank 13 are extracted and conveyed through the discharge pipe 14 by the stirring device 17 and stirred, and then introduced into the introduction pipe. It is configured to be sent to the emulsion fuel tank 13 via 21 and conveyed. In other words, the circulation mechanism that returns from the emulsion fuel tank 13 to the stirring device 17 and from the stirring device 17 to the emulsion fuel tank 13 mixes water (B) and emulsifier (C), and further mixes these with fossil fuel (A). Is configured to be feasible.

  The stirring device 17 can be stopped until the next desired time when the production of the desired amount of the emulsion fuel (D) is completed, but in this embodiment, the separation of the emulsion fuel (D) is performed. Therefore, it is preferable that the combustion apparatus 1 is always operated during operation of the combustion apparatus 1 in order to cause only separation that does not adversely affect the combustion. The heater 19 plays a role of heating the emulsion fuel (D) passing through the introduction pipe 21 when necessary in terms of time and environment. This is because the emulsion fuel (D) is maintained at a temperature (viscosity) suitable for combustion by heating. The temperature suitable for the fuel is approximately 30 to 50 ° C. This is because there is an influence of the room temperature, but if the temperature is lower than 30 ° C., the combustion efficiency is deteriorated due to a decrease in viscosity. If the temperature is higher than 50 ° C., the emulsion fuel may be separated. The heater 19 is very convenient when the combustion apparatus 1 is used in a time when the outside air temperature is low or in a cold region. If unnecessary, the heater 19 may stop its function or omit itself.

  The object of explanation is moved to the delivery pipe 23. As shown in FIG. 2, the delivery pipe 23 is a pipe for delivering the emulsion fuel (D) to the burner 5, and a pump 25 provided in the delivery pipe 23 performs the delivery. At the end of the delivery pipe 23, a combustion nozzle 31 is provided in the boiler 7 with its injection destination facing. The combustion nozzle 31 is a nozzle for injecting the emulsion fuel (D) pumped through the delivery pipe 23 by the pump 25. In this embodiment, the pump 25 and the combustion nozzle 31 are configured so that emulsion fuel (D) can be injected (sprayed) at approximately 8 gallons (approximately 32 liters) per minute. This mixing ratio is an example, and the volume ratio of the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed fossil fuel (E) is configured such that when the former is 1, the latter is 0.125 to 0.375. To do. The burner 5 is composed of the combustion nozzle 31 described above, a seed-fire nozzle 33 described later, and a hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 that functions as a heat retaining member.

  On the other hand, reference numeral 33 shown in FIG. 2 indicates a seed-fire nozzle attached to the tip of the branch pipe for burner 12b. The seed-fire nozzle 33 is provided side by side with the combustion nozzle 31 described above, and its injection destination faces the boiler 7. The seed-fired fossil fuel (E) pumped through the burner branch pipe 12b by the pump 12p is injected (sprayed) into the boiler 7. In the present embodiment, as described above, the emulsion fuel (D) is approximately 8 gallons per minute, whereas approximately 2 gallons (about 8 liters) of seed-fired fossil fuel (E) can be injected. It is.

  The combustion nozzle 31 and the seed-fire nozzle 33 are provided side by side (arranged side by side) as described above, and both are covered with a hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 as shown in FIG. In other words, the combustion nozzle 31 and the seed fire nozzle 33 are arranged in the hollow portion 45 of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41. First, the structure of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 will be described. The hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 is a ceramic cylindrical body, and has a hollow portion 45 having a substantially circular widthwise cross section penetrating in the longitudinal direction. The hollow portion 45 includes a cylindrical hollow portion 45a surrounded by the inner wall 41a of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41, and a widened hollow portion 45b widened in the injection direction (right side in FIG. 2) of the cylindrical hollow portion 45a. Thus, the widened hollow portion 45b is surrounded by a tapered inner wall 41b. That is, the hollow portion 45 is formed in a funnel shape having a cylindrical inlet and extending from the middle thereof. The reason why the combustion nozzle 31 and the seed fire nozzle 33 are covered with the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 is that the temperature of the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed fire fossil fuel (E) is utilized by utilizing the heat storage action of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41. This is to prevent the decrease as much as possible. That is, heat is stored in the hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41 by combustion in the burner 5 (boiler 7), and the heat prevents the temperature of the fuel from decreasing. Prevention of temperature drop contributes to efficient combustion. The reason why the hollow portion 45 is formed in a funnel shape is that it is based on an empirical rule that combustion efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where the hollow portion 45 is formed in a cylindrical shape (that is, the widened hollow portion 45b is not formed). . Although detailed causal relationships are currently being clarified, according to experiments, when the widened hollow portion 45b is provided, compared to when it is not provided? An efficiency improvement of at least 20% was observed. In addition, the code | symbol 27 shown in FIG. 1 has shown the vent pipe for sending air in the boiler 7. FIG. The ventilation pipe 27 is provided with a valve 29 for adjusting the ventilation amount. The vent pipe 27 is continuous from the maximum opening to the closing so that a sufficient amount of ventilation can be secured to burn only the fossil fuel (A) in the boiler 7 when the valve 29 is fully opened. Each is configured so that the air flow can be adjusted.

  The Example based on this invention performed using the combustion apparatus 1 is described. First, about 1000 liters of water (B) is injected into an empty emulsion fuel tank 13, and 2 liters of emulsifier (C) mainly composed of naphtha (volume ratio of about 1: 0.001 to make water) is injected. did. While injecting the emulsifier (C), the stirring device 17 was operated to mix water (B) and the emulsifier (C) with stirring. Approximately 3 minutes after the start of stirring and mixing, fossil fuel (A), that is, A heavy oil was injected into the emulsion fuel tank 13 while stirring and mixing was continued. The amount of fossil fuel (A) injected was about 1000 liters (volume ratio of water to about 1: 1). The stirring and mixing was continued even after the injection of the fossil fuel (A) was completed. When stirring and mixing were continued for about 2 hours, an emulsion fuel (D) of about 2000 liters was obtained in the emulsion fuel tank 13. Even after the emulsion fuel (D) was obtained, the stirrer 17 was kept operating in order to suppress separation. The heater 19 was not used this time because it was considered unnecessary.

  On the other hand, in the boiler 7, the seed fossil fuel (E) injected from the seed fire nozzle 33 was ignited and burned, and the boiler 7 was warmed. This is to facilitate ignition of the emulsion fuel (D). The injection amount of the seed fire fossil fuel (E) was 2 gallons per minute. Here, the emulsion fuel (D) is injected into the boiler 7 from the fuel nozzle 31 into the boiler 7 that has already combusted. The injection amount was 8 gallons per minute. The emulsion fuel (D) is ignited by the injection and burned. The amount of ventilation sent into the boiler 7 through the ventilation pipe 27 was reduced to about one third (33%) of the amount of ventilation necessary for burning only the fossil fuel (A). The narrowing of the air flow is the result of adjusting the exhaust color to be as transparent as possible by opening and closing the valve 29. If the exhaust gas is black, the air flow rate is insufficient. Conversely, if the exhaust gas is white, the air flow rate is too large. Therefore, the valve 29 is opened and closed with this as a guide. When fossil fuel (A), that is, only A heavy oil is burned using the same boiler 7, and when emulsion fuel (D) containing A heavy oil is burned together with seed fossil fuel (E) The results are as shown in Table 1. In addition, although it tried to burn only emulsion fuel (D) without using the fossil fuel (E) for seed fire, it was not able to be ignited.

As shown in Table 1, the temperature (combustion temperature) in the boiler 7 was 580 to 630 ° C. when only fossil fuel (A) was burned (hereinafter referred to as “fossil fuel combustion”). When the combined combustion of the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed fossil fuel (E) (hereinafter referred to as “emulsion fuel combustion”) was performed, the temperature was around 930 ° C. It has been found that the combustion temperature can be increased by about 300 ° C., that is, the fuel efficiency is good. Comparing the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, it was 570 ppm in the case of fossil fuel combustion, whereas it was 0 ppm in the case of emulsion fuel combustion, which was below the detectable range. It has been found that the generation of carbon monoxide can be almost eliminated by emulsion fuel combustion. Also for carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), it was 5.5% by fossil fuel combustion, while it was 4.4%, that is, 20% reduction by emulsion fuel combustion. There was no difference in the NOx concentration between fossil fuel combustion and emulsion fuel combustion, both of which were 50.2 ppm. On the other hand, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration was 10.8% in the case of fossil fuel combustion, but decreased to 3.7%, that is, about one third in the case of emulsion fuel combustion. As described above, the amount of air supplied to the boiler 7 is reduced to about one-third that of fossil fuel combustion. Although the air flow rate was reduced to approximately one third, the oxygen concentration to be discharged became one third, which indicates that oxygen contained in the moisture of the emulsion fuel was used for combustion. Dioxin and soot were hardly generated. This is because the temperature in the boiler 7 rises to around 930 ° C. as described above. That is, if the temperature is 700 ° C. or higher, the carbon burns first, so the reaction of 2CO + O ₂ → 2O ₂ precedes and 2H ₂ O + O ₂ → 2H ₂ O follows.

  From the above comparison results, it became clear that emulsion fuel combustion is superior to fossil fuel combustion in terms of combustion efficiency and pollutant emission, that is, it can sufficiently withstand substitution. Moreover, since almost half of the emulsion fuel (D) is water (B), the amount of fossil fuel (A) contained in the emulsion fuel (D) is also almost half. Comparing the total amount with the fossil fuel (E) and the amount when only the fossil fuel (A) is burned, it was found that fuel saving of at least about 30% is possible. Since the cost of water (B) contained in the emulsion fuel (D) is negligible compared to the cost of fossil fuel (A), the fuel saving of around 30% directly reduces the combustion cost. Therefore, if the emulsion fuel combustion is applied to, for example, a boiler for house cultivation such as melon and strawberry, the cultivation cost can be reduced by about 30%.

It is the schematic of the fuel apparatus which can implement the combustion method of emulsion fuel. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the burner with which the combustion apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion device 3 Generation mechanism 5 Burner 7 Boiler 11 Fossil fuel tank 12 Oil supply pipe 12a Tank branch pipe 12b Burner branch pipe 12p Pump 13 Emulsion fuel tank 14 Discharge pipe 15 Water injection pipe 16 Injection pipe 17 Stirring apparatus 19 Heater 21 Introduction pipe DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 23 Delivery pipe 25 Pump 27 Ventilation pipe 29 Valve 31 Combustion nozzle 33 Seed fire nozzle 41 Hollow cylindrical ceramic body 41a, 41b Inner wall 45 Hollow part 45a Cylindrical hollow part 45b Widening hollow part

Claims (13)

Producing emulsion fuel (D) by adding water (B) and emulsifier (C) to fossil fuel (A) and mixing;
And a step of injecting and burning the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed-fired fossil fuel (E) in a boiler. The fossil fuel combustion method according to claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio (A: B) of the fossil fuel (A) and the water (B) is set to a volume ratio of approximately 1: 1. The fossil fuel combustion method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of heating the emulsion fuel (D) to 30 to 50 ° C. before combustion as necessary. The emulsifier (C) is mainly composed of naphtha,
The fossil fuel combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixing ratio (B: C) with respect to water is set to a volume ratio of 1: 0.01 to 0.0001. The injection amount ratio (D: E) between the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed-fired fossil fuel (E) is set in a range of a volume ratio of 1: 0.125 to 0.375 per unit time. The fossil fuel combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The fossil according to claim 5, wherein the amount of ventilation to the boiler is set to 20 to 50% of the amount of ventilation required when only the fossil fuel (A) is injected and burned in the boiler. Fuel combustion method. 7. The fossil fuel combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the produced emulsion fuel is stirred intermittently or continuously. The fuel nozzle for injecting the emulsion fuel (D) and the seed-fire nozzle for injecting the seed-fire fossil fuel (E) are kept warm by a heat-retaining member. The fossil fuel combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The heat retaining member is constituted by a hollow cylindrical ceramic body provided in the boiler crater;
The fossil fuel combustion method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fuel nozzle and the seed fire nozzle are arranged in a hollow portion of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body. The fossil fuel (A) is one of kerosene, light oil, A heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil or waste oil, or a mixture of two or more. The fossil fuel combustion method as described. A production mechanism for producing emulsion fuel (D) by adding water (B) and emulsifier (C) to fossil fuel (A) and mixing;
A fuel nozzle for injecting the emulsion fuel (D) produced by the production mechanism into the boiler;
A fossil fuel combustion apparatus comprising: a seed-fire nozzle for injecting seed-fossil fuel into the boiler. The fossil fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the fuel nozzle and the seed fire nozzle are arranged in a hollow portion of a hollow cylindrical ceramic body provided in the boiler crater. The fossil fuel combustion apparatus according to claim 12, wherein an inner wall of the hollow part of the hollow cylindrical ceramic body is formed in a taper shape that widens from the middle of the inner wall of the hollow part toward the boiler side.

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