US20090151231A1 - Process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water Download PDFInfo
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- US20090151231A1 US20090151231A1 US12/314,472 US31447208A US2009151231A1 US 20090151231 A1 US20090151231 A1 US 20090151231A1 US 31447208 A US31447208 A US 31447208A US 2009151231 A1 US2009151231 A1 US 2009151231A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- oily
- oily water
- substituted groups
- including substituted
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 substituted groups) Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 17
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 17
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000047703 Nonion Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XVKPBYJWSA-N (1s,4r)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000183685 Citrus aurantium Species 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical class [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021398 atomic carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water”, that is proceeded by following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuels dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01 ⁇ 3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing the emulsified “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished by step (1), with 60 ⁇ 95% (w/w) of heavy fuel oil (abbreviation as heavy oil) or with 75 ⁇ 98% (w/w) of diesel, respectively; and (3) keeping the mixtures that were finished by step (2), respectively, and mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or an “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED).
- OWEH and the OWED can be utilized for industrial boilers and diesel engines, respectively, not only elevates combustion efficiency
- the traditional heavy fuel oil (abbreviation as heavy oil) or diesel have defects of inferior atomization, inhomogeneous mixing of air and fuel. Therefore, in the combustion furnace, a high fuel concentration spot occurred and fuel was thermally decomposed in the oxygen lean condition to cause incomplete combustion and to produce a great amount of unburned carbon particulates and black smoke in the stack flue gases. In this way, the incomplete combustion not only induced environmental pollutions, but also increased fuel consumption. Therefore, emulsified fuels such as emulsified heavy oil and emulsified diesel have been commercially provided.
- syngases of water/fuel may take place by means of micro-explosion to keep coarse droplets of the emulsified fuels cracked into smaller ones, able to apparently upgrade atomization to promote combustion efficiency.
- the explosion of the fuel droplets can enhance perfect turbulence in the combustion chamber to further raise combustion efficiency, to lower fuel consumption, and to oxidize the carbon particulates produced by incomplete combustion. That can effectively prohibit the black smoke in the stack flue gases, accordingly boosting environmental protection.
- Emulsified diesel can promote combustion efficiency of diesel engines and lower emission of NO, THC and PM without obvious increase of fuel consumption (Samec et al., 2002, see item 1 in Appendix 1; Armas et al., 2005, see item 2 in Appendix 1).
- Emulsified diesel can lower heat flux, heat load and crank abrasion of a diesel engine (Sii et al., 1995, see item 3 in Appendix 1; Selim and Elfeky, 2001, see item 4 in Appendix 1). And, as water content is increased, the diesel engine is to enhance its torsion, power and thermal efficiency, but the temperature of the exhausted gas drops down instead (Abu-Zaid, 2004, see item 5 in Appendix 1).
- Emulsified diesel added with an oxygenated agent is to elevate its activity and stability (Lin and Wang, 2003, see item 8 in Appendix 1).
- Emulsified fuels added with linear-structure oxygenated agents can reduce PM emission more effectively than those added with ring-structure oxygenated agent can.
- the emulsified fuels are to have a higher combustion temperature, enhancing an increase of NO x formation (Song et al., 2004, see item 9 in Appendix 1).
- NO x emission is to increase as the size of fuel droplet is increased, but to lower in case of carrying out a staged combustion (England et al., 1980, see item 11 in Appendix 1).
- Baltaser found that NO x emission is to reduce with an increase of high pollution reflux, possible to affect the whole flame stability, combustion efficiency, and emission of CO and hydrocarbons burned incompletely (Baltaser et al., 1997, see item 12 in Appendix 1).
- Patent No. 090123561 (2001, patentee: Kevin Brown, Canadian, see item 15 in Appendix 1) pertains to processes for reducing pollutants contained in the exhaust of diesel engines, including (1) burning a water-diesel emulsion in a diesel engine, and (2) keeping the exhaust filtrated through a particulate matters filter.
- the water-diesel emulsion is composed of diesel with a fraction ranging from 50 to 98% by wt, water having a fraction ranging from 1 to 50% by wt, and surfactant with a fraction of 0.02 ⁇ 20% by wt.
- the surfactant is selected from (i) a product soluble in fuels and made by the reaction of an acetylation agent of carboxylic acid having at least one substituted alkyl and ammonium or amine or polyamine, wherein the substituted alkyl has 50 ⁇ 500 atomic carbons; (ii) at least an ion- or non-ion compound having HLB ranging from 1 ⁇ 40; (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii); (iv) an agglomerate of water-soluble compounds including salts of amine, salts of ammonium, nitrate, ammonium nitrate, nitro compound, salts of alkaline metals and salts of alkaline-earth metals, and a combination of (i), (ii) and (iii); (v) a product produced by reacting a multi-acid polymer with a product soluble in fuels, wherein the product soluble in fuels is obtained by the reaction of an acetylation agent
- Patent No. 73104278 (1984 & 1988, patentee: Chang Lin enterprise corp., Taiwan, see item 16 in Appendix 1) pertains to a method for manufacturing fuels containing an air pollution inhibitor.
- the procedures include (1) preparation of ingredients: (a) to take 0.25 pound of potassium chlorate and grind it into powder, solve it in distilled water as a 0.25 liter solution and let it stay for 24 hours until being filtrated, (b) to add 0.25 pound of camphor powder in 0.45 liter of diesel to become a 0.5 liter mixture of camphor and diesel via heating, (c) to add 0.035 pound of m-cresol in 0.465 liter of diesel to become a 0.5 liter mixture of m-cresol and diesel; (2) mixing jobs: (d) to put 0.055 liter of surfactant (a non-ion surfactant with a HBL value ranging between 3 ⁇ 8) in 0.045 liter of methanol and mix them up homogeneously, (e) to add and mix 0.05 liter
- Patent No. 91134811 (2002, patentee: Chen, G. C. Taiwanese, see item 17 in Appendix 1) pertains to a device for the treatment of exhaust, consisting of a packed tower for exhausted gas to pass in via an inlet tube and an ultra-sonic final-fog humidifier installed in the inlet tube for the formation of minor fog that is generated when normal fog hits an ultra-sonic resonance magnifier installed in the ultra-sonic final-fog humidifier, so that pollutants in the exhaust are to be absorbed by the minor fog to lower air pollution.
- Patent No. 88100400 (1999, patentee: Robert, R. Murry, American, see item 18 in Appendix 1) pertains to a device for decomposing and oxidizing gas-phase pollutants.
- the device is provided with a thermal reactor, at least an entrance, a second entrance, an annular room, a packed bed, an air entry, a cleaning device and a monitoring device.
- the thermal reactor is provided with a central chamber having an inlet and a outlet, a heating element, a side inlet communicating with an external space confined by its outer wall and the heating element, an internal space confined by its inner wall and the heating element, a sharp hole cut in its inner wall for transmitting air in the internal space to the central chamber.
- the entrance used to guide air to flow into the thermal reactor includes a guiding tube having its end portion positioned in the thermal reactor and in a tube extended over the end of the guiding tube for defining a room in the tube.
- the tube has an opening end for communicating with the interior of the thermal reactor.
- the second entrance is provided in the guiding tube for letting other gas flow into the guiding tube.
- the annular room positioned at the outlet of the reactor is provided with an opening upper end for forcing a liquid to run into the annular room to form vortex, which then flows through the upper end and exhausts into the gas flowing in the central room. This liquid and gas then flows upward through the packed bed against the down-flowing liquid.
- Patent No. 86100467 (1997, patentee: Lagas, Jan, Adolf, see item 19 in Appendix 1) concerns about a process for the removal of sulfur pollutants, aromatics and hydrocarbons.
- the process employs cyclobutane as a substrate absorber combined with secondary or third amine to remove sulfur pollutants formed as mercaptan and H 2 S and to retrieve sulfur element contained in hydrocarbons emission (including CO 2 , higher aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons).
- the process is to eliminate sulfides and CO 2 via chemical or physical or chemical/physical absorbers.
- Patent No. 81207216 (1992, patentee: Kobe, S. Moore, American, see item 20 in Appendix 1) pertains to a liquid fuel distributor for preventing pollution.
- the distributor is composed of a fuel distributing unit, a fuel storing tank, a pump used to transfer the fuel in the fuel storing tank and possessing a fuel outlet, a filtration container having both a fuel inlet connected with the fuel outlet of the pump and a fuel outlet, a filtration mechanism and a tube mechanism used to transfer the fuel in the filtration container to the fuel distributing unit.
- the filtration mechanism installed in the filtration container is employed to filter the fuel and able to automatically cease running the process in case that the pollutants has been collected to a certain amount.
- the invention has been devised to improve the defects of the conventional water-in-oil emulsified fuels, such as water emulsified heavy oil (WEH) and water emulsified diesel (WED), as mentioned previously.
- WEH water emulsified heavy oil
- WED water emulsified diesel
- the objective of this invention is to offer a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water”, not only easily prepared with a low cost, but also able to elevate combustion efficiency, to lower pollutant emission, and to save energy.
- the process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the invention includes the following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01 ⁇ 3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing a mixture of the “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished in step (1), with 60 ⁇ 95% (w/w) of conventional heavy fuel oil; and, (3) having a mixture of step (2) mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil”.
- the process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the invention includes the following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01 ⁇ 3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing a mixture of the “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished in step (1), with 75 ⁇ 98% (w/w) of conventional diesel; and, (3) having a mixture of step (2) mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified diesel”.
- the “oily water” can be prepared purposely by the specified concentration mentioned above.
- the “oily water” can be directly selected from oily industrial waste water.
- the “oily water” can be selected from oily industrial waste water that has been filtered to get rid of solid impurities.
- the “oily water” can be selected from oily industrial waste water that is concentrated to a proper concentration in case of having a lower original concentration.
- the surfactants can be any of commercial ones as long as it is capable of keeping oil and water homogeneously mixed.
- the “oily water” is “water containing dissolved fuel”.
- the “dissolved fuel” is a mixture of at least one, two mixed or three or more mixed compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel, vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
- combustible alcohols including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin
- alkanes including substituted groups
- benzens including substituted groups
- ethers including substituted groups
- aldehydes including substituted groups
- ketones including substituted groups
- organic acids including substituted groups
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the present invention.
- a preferred embodiment of a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the present invention is processed with the following steps: (a) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01 ⁇ 3% (w/w); (b) mixing the “oily water” an d the surfactants t h at was finished by step (a) with 60 ⁇ 95% (w/w) of conventional heavy fuel oil or with 75 ⁇ 98% (w/w) of conventional diesel, respectively; (c) mixing the two mixtures, respectively, that was finished by step (b) further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil”, denoted as OWEH, and an “oily water emulsified diesel”, denoted as OWED, respectively.
- OWEH an “oily water emulsified heavy oil emulsified
- the “oily water” is a necessary raw material in the present invention, it therefore must be obtained before proceeding with any further manufacturing step.
- the “oily water” is gained via plural ways: (1) adding 0.0 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuel in to water to form the “oily water” used as an additive in the present invention; (2) directly making use of oily industrial waste water containing 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) of combustible fuel as the “oily water” or filter the oily industrial waste water in advance by a simple filtration means if there are solid impurities existing in the industrial waste water; (3) concentrating the oily industrial waste water to the range 0.02 ⁇ 30% (w/w) needed for the “oily water” of the invention in case of too low oil concentration in water.
- the “oily water” cannot contain too high concentration of corrosive species such as fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.
- the “oily water” is further defined as “water containing dissolved fuel”, wherein the “dissolved fuel” can be a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel, vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
- combustible alcohols including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin
- alkanes including substituted groups
- benzens including substituted groups
- ethers including substituted groups
- aldehydes including substituted groups
- ketones
- the combustible “dissolved fuel” (or their mixture) are first dissolved homogeneously in water to become the “oily water” that is consecutively added and homogeneously blended with surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers). Then, conventional heavy oil or conventional diesel is added in by a designated concentration, mixed up to get well emulsified to become the “oily water emulsified heavy” (briefed as OWEH) or the “oily water emulsified diesel” (briefed as OWED).
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (briefed as OWEH) has been practically tested to show a better stability than conventional water emulsified heavy oils; in a heavy oil boiler test, the particulate matter (PM), the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the total toxicity equivalent concentration (Total-BaP eq ), the carbon monoxide (CO) and the nitrogen oxides (NO x ) contained in stack flue gases are obviously lowered and are greatly saving the energy.
- PM particulate matter
- PAHs total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Total-BaP eq total toxicity equivalent concentration
- CO carbon monoxide
- NO x nitrogen oxides
- the “oily water emulsified diesel” (briefed as OWED) tested in a diesel engine, it also well achieved a reduction of pollutant emission and save energy. Therefore, the “oily water emulsified fuels” produced by the present invention can really raise combustion efficiency, lower the pollutant emission, and save energy.
- the traditional heavy oil used in the invention is No. 6 heavy oil purchased from a petroleum company in Taiwan, conforming to the specifications of fuel oils for industrial boilers.
- the “oily water” is supplied by a waste oil recycling factory located in southern Taiwan. Usually, in order to reduce water content in recycled waste oils, it is stripped off by thermal vacuum treatment. The industrial waste water is treated to keep oils and water separated, with the upper oil layer recycled for being used as fuel and with the lower layer of “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention.
- the “oily water” has been analyzed to have the following data: chemical oxygen demand (COD) being 9600 mg/L, total petroleum hydrocarbon as gasoline (TPH-gasoline) being 444 mg/L, total petroleum hydrocarbon as diesel (TPH-diesel) being 97 mg/L.
- COD chemical oxygen demand
- TPH-gasoline total petroleum hydrocarbon as gasoline
- TPH-diesel total petroleum hydrocarbon as diesel
- OOEH- 20 is formulated by first blending 0.5% surfactants (or so called as emulsifier s) in “oily water” and then obtained (OWEH-20) by adding 20% (W/W) of the “oily water with surfactants” in 80% of traditional heavy oil (EH-0).
- water emulsified heavy oil As for the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20), it is formulated by first blending surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers) in 20% (W/W) of tap water (regularly used in southern Taiwan) that is then sufficiently mixed with 80% (W/W) of traditional heavy oil (EH-0).
- surfactants or so called as emulsifiers
- the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) obtained when the boiler creates one kJ of steam heat are 4.3, 3.7 and 2.7 mg/kJ steam for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) respectively.
- the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 20.9% and 37.2% respectively; and, 16.3% of the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) is reduced if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20).
- PAHs total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- the emission factors of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 25.8% and 35.7% respectively; and, 9.9% of the emission factor of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) i s decreased if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- Total-BaP eq total toxicity equivalent concentration
- the emission factor of totla toxicity concentration (Total-BaP eq ) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 39.7% and 47.1% respectively; and, 7.4% of the emission factor of total toxicity concentration (Total-BaP eq ) is lowered if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) its average concentrations are respectively 171, 35.0 and 27.0 ppmv for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20).
- the average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 79.5% and 84.2% respectively; and, it is lowered by 4.7% if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- the average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 10.1% and 15.2% respectively; and, it is lowered by 5.1 % if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- the average consumption of energy by the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and by the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 9.3% and 14% respectively; and, it is lowered by 4.7% if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- the “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention contains about 1% (W/W) of dissolved combustible fuel.
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) contains about 0.2% (W/W) of fuel more than the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) does.
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) can save fuel energy as much as 4.7% if compared to the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20). In other words, by consuming 0.2% (W/W) of more fuel to obtain 4.7% of more energy, a 23.5 times of energy is converted by per unit mass of the extra 0.2% fuel.
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) can have a reduction of carbon dioxide emission approximately by 14%, in comparison to traditional heavy oil combusted to generate a certain amount of steam.
- the traditional diesel used in the invention is premium diesel manufactured by a petroleum company in Taiwan, conforming to the Taiwan diesel specifications for a diesel engine.
- the “oily water” for the production of “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) is obtained by homogeneously mixing 1% (W/W) of palm biodiesel in city tape water.
- the “oily water” is sufficiently blended with 0.1% (W/W) of surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers).
- 13% (W/W) of the emulsified “oily water” is completely mixed with 87% (W/W) of traditional diesel to become the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13).
- the specific fuel consumption are respectively 0.356, 0.393 and 0.379 L/kW ⁇ h for the traditional diesel (ED-0), the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13).
- the ratios of conventional diesel plus bio-diesel contained in the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) are respectively 87% and 87.13%, and the average ratios of energy saved are 4.0% and 6.3% for the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) respectively.
- the “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention contains about 1% (W/W) of dissolved combustible fuel
- the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) therefore contains about 0.13% (W/W) of fuel more than the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) does. So, by consuming 0.13% (W/W) of more fuel to obtain 2.3% of more energy, 17.7 times of the energy is converted by per unit mass of the extra 0.13% fuel.
- the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) for the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) are comparatively reduced by 36.4% and 39.9% respectively; and, 3.5% of the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) is lowered if comparing the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) with the “water emulsified diesel” (WED-13).
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED) respectively utilized for boilers and diesel engines, respectively, can enhance the combustion efficiencies in the combustion chambers and reduce the pollutant emissions, not only saving energy but also achieving the purpose of green environmental protection. Moreover, for the heavy oil boiler and the diesel engine, how to save energy and how to reduce the pollutant emissions are always concerned by people.
- the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED) manufactured in the invention can definitely promise to solve the problems mentioned above.
- the invention provides a brand-new method to improve the defects of conventional emulsified fuels.
- the essential point is dissolving partial fuel in water in advance to become the “oily water”, which is consecutively blended with surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers).
- the “oily water with surfactants” is mixed up with heavy oil or diesel, respectively, to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or an “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED), which are so stable that fuel is not easy to be separated from water, allowing a lower addition of surfactants (emulsifiers) to save the cost.
- OOEH oily water emulsified heavy oil
- OWED oily water emulsified diesel
- the “oily water” in the OWEH or the OWED is in a status of having plenty of fuel droplets homogeneously surrounded by water and the water also being dissolved by fuels, the fuel droplets in water become numerous ignition points while burning, so that incomplete combustion, caused by conventional emulsified fuels because of uneven size of water drops and sudden cooling of water, can be prevented from happening.
- the OWEH and the OWED of the invention it can not only boost combustion efficiency to greatly save energy, but also lower emission of pollutants.
- the “oily water” used in the invention can be selected from the oily industrial waste water that has been simply filtered to get rid of solid impurities or has been raised in its concentration. Therefore, the oily industrial waste water can be easily re-used by the invention, instead of expending large sum in treating it, not only achieving the purpose of saving energy but also solving a tough problem of treating the oily industrial waste water.
- improving fuels, equipment, boilers and air pollution control devices are mostly utilized to reduce pollutants, unlike the way done by the invention, making use of the oily industrial waste water as the “oily water” to blend with heavy oil or diesel, respectively, to become the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED). So, the invention is really a brand-new one.
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” that is proceeded by following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02—30% (w/w) of combustible fuels dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing the emulsified “oily water with surfactants”, that was finished by step (1), with 60˜95% (w/w) of heavy fuel oil (abbreviation as heavy oil) or with 75˜98% (w/w) of diesel, respectively; and (3) keeping the mixtures that were finished by step (2), respectively, and mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or an “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED).
Description
- 1. Field of the invention
- The invention relates to a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water”, that is proceeded by following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuels dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing the emulsified “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished by step (1), with 60˜95% (w/w) of heavy fuel oil (abbreviation as heavy oil) or with 75˜98% (w/w) of diesel, respectively; and (3) keeping the mixtures that were finished by step (2), respectively, and mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or an “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED). The OWEH and the OWED can be utilized for industrial boilers and diesel engines, respectively, not only elevates combustion efficiency and lower pollutant emission, but also save energy and reduce cost.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- Commonly, the traditional heavy fuel oil (abbreviation as heavy oil) or diesel have defects of inferior atomization, inhomogeneous mixing of air and fuel. Therefore, in the combustion furnace, a high fuel concentration spot occurred and fuel was thermally decomposed in the oxygen lean condition to cause incomplete combustion and to produce a great amount of unburned carbon particulates and black smoke in the stack flue gases. In this way, the incomplete combustion not only induced environmental pollutions, but also increased fuel consumption. Therefore, emulsified fuels such as emulsified heavy oil and emulsified diesel have been commercially provided. Comparatively, in the combustion of the emulsified fuels, syngases of water/fuel may take place by means of micro-explosion to keep coarse droplets of the emulsified fuels cracked into smaller ones, able to apparently upgrade atomization to promote combustion efficiency. Moreover, the explosion of the fuel droplets can enhance perfect turbulence in the combustion chamber to further raise combustion efficiency, to lower fuel consumption, and to oxidize the carbon particulates produced by incomplete combustion. That can effectively prohibit the black smoke in the stack flue gases, accordingly boosting environmental protection. The conventional processes of emulsified fuels known so far are always based on water (clean groundwater or city tap water) mixing with surfactants and heavy oil (or diesel), which are directly blended together in a certain ratio to become a “water-in-oil emulsified fuel”: a so-called water emulsified heavy oil (WEH) or water emulsified diesel (WED). However, such a water-in-oil emulsified fuel not only can not achieve a stable emulsification condition, result in the separation of water and oil, but also do not display a significant energy saving fraction to afford a high expanse for the costs of emulsification process such as surfactants, hardware and labor costs. Therefore, the emulsified fuels were not popularly commercialized in the past twenty years.
- In this invention, during this study of trying to overcome the defects of the conventional “water-in-oil emulsified fuels”—water emulsified heavy oil (WEH) or water emulsified diesel (WED), the oily industrial waste water has been simultaneously studied. It has been found that conventional treatment of the oily industrial waste water is rather uneconomic. So, an idea of recycling the oily industrial waste water came up then. More minutely, there are several problems found in conventional treatment of oily industrial waste water such as a high concentration of oil in water which was not easily bio-degradable, a high wastewater treatment cost, a low removal efficiency and always a result in secondary pollutions. Although the oily industrial waste water can be treated more effectively by liquid injected incineration, but a soaring cost of auxiliary fuel makes it impractical. Thus, inspired by the concept—“Treating it, why not recycling it”, the invention has at length been devised to improve the defects of the conventional water emulsified fuels by making use of oily industrial waste water.
- For need of study, the inventor has deeply realized the relative prior arts and summarized their conclusions as mentioned below.
- (1) Emulsified diesel can promote combustion efficiency of diesel engines and lower emission of NO, THC and PM without obvious increase of fuel consumption (Samec et al., 2002, see item 1 in Appendix 1; Armas et al., 2005, see item 2 in Appendix 1).
- (2) Emulsified diesel can lower heat flux, heat load and crank abrasion of a diesel engine (Sii et al., 1995, see item 3 in Appendix 1; Selim and Elfeky, 2001, see item 4 in Appendix 1). And, as water content is increased, the diesel engine is to enhance its torsion, power and thermal efficiency, but the temperature of the exhausted gas drops down instead (Abu-Zaid, 2004, see item 5 in Appendix 1).
- (3) Emulsified fuel made from rapeseed and slurry of C. vulgaris can reduce emission of NOx, but increase CO emission and fuel consumption (Scragg et al., 2003, see item 6 in Appendix 1). On the contrary, if an oxygenated diglymeu is added to emulsified fuels, NOx emission and combustion efficiency are to be increased, but fuel consumption rate, specific fuel consumption, smoke and CO emission are to drop down (Lin and Wang, 2004, see item 7 in Appendix 1).
- (4) Emulsified diesel added with an oxygenated agent is to elevate its activity and stability (Lin and Wang, 2003, see item 8 in Appendix 1).
- (5) Emulsified fuels added with linear-structure oxygenated agents can reduce PM emission more effectively than those added with ring-structure oxygenated agent can. In addition, owing to the increase of atomic oxygen, the emulsified fuels are to have a higher combustion temperature, enhancing an increase of NOx formation (Song et al., 2004, see item 9 in Appendix 1).
- (6) In investigating the flame via burning cumene with a high air ratio, it is found NOx emission is lowered because fu e I lam i n a r is burned around recycled area under a relative temperature, owing to the outer circumference of fuel diluted with an excess of air before ignition (Takagi et al., 1981, see item 10 in Appendix 1).
- (7) With intake air enrichment, NOx emission is to increase as the size of fuel droplet is increased, but to lower in case of carrying out a staged combustion (England et al., 1980, see item 11 in Appendix 1).
- (8) Baltaser found that NOx emission is to reduce with an increase of high pollution reflux, possible to affect the whole flame stability, combustion efficiency, and emission of CO and hydrocarbons burned incompletely (Baltaser et al., 1997, see item 12 in Appendix 1).
- (9) Chung found that HLB are 5.5 and 13.7 for the most stable W/O and O/W respectively. Usually, after emulsified fuel droplet is vibrated by supersonic, the size of water droplet changes significantly inside oil, examined under electron microscope. For lighter fuels, such as octane, no matter if it is W/O or O/W, the phase having a small size is to evaporate swiftly. As for heavier fuels, such as cetane, diesel or heavy oil, they are apt to make microburst. But, if water is blended homogeneously with fuel in extremely minor droplets, so as to perform a water-in-oil emulsification, the water droplets are not to retard combustion at all, and instead, are effective to diminish carbon smoke and incomplete combustion for saving energy (Chung, 1990, see item 13 in Appendix 1).
- (10) Shu, Y. C. reveals that base heavy oil or wasted oil added with water can lower its thermal effect because oil is partially replaced by water that is to absorb the heat produced by oil combustion. The boiler temperature is determined by a comparison between the effect of microburst and the heat loss after adding water in oil. An optimal addition of water can achieve effective microburst to raise combustion efficiency for compensating heat loss absorbed by water. If a large quantity of water is added, even though effective microburst happens, they are not effective enough to compensate the heat loss. In pollution treatments, there are two main factors that pose a reduction of NOx formation for burning oil added with water. First, the temperature is lowered by water to reduce thermal NO formation. Second, water is added to render a reduction of nitrogen content in oil, so that NOx formation is lowered. But, it noted that water fraction must be reached to a certain level (approx. 10%) to lower NOx formation, otherwise, NOx formation is to be increased, possible to increase partial high temperature caused by micro bursts and to further enhance thermal NO formation. As for SOx, it is clearly found SOx formation is reduced in the combustion of base oil or wasted oil added with water, because of the addition of water diluting total sulfur contained in oil (Shu, Y. C. 2003, see item 14 in Appendix 1).
- According to the patent bulletin of Patent Office of Taiwan, R. O. C., it reveals that six patents are involved in reduction of pollution emission via using emulsified diesel and emulsified heavy oil, abbreviated as follows.
- 1. Patent No. 090123561 (2001, patentee: Kevin Brown, Canadian, see item 15 in Appendix 1) pertains to processes for reducing pollutants contained in the exhaust of diesel engines, including (1) burning a water-diesel emulsion in a diesel engine, and (2) keeping the exhaust filtrated through a particulate matters filter. The water-diesel emulsion is composed of diesel with a fraction ranging from 50 to 98% by wt, water having a fraction ranging from 1 to 50% by wt, and surfactant with a fraction of 0.02˜20% by wt. The surfactant is selected from (i) a product soluble in fuels and made by the reaction of an acetylation agent of carboxylic acid having at least one substituted alkyl and ammonium or amine or polyamine, wherein the substituted alkyl has 50˜500 atomic carbons; (ii) at least an ion- or non-ion compound having HLB ranging from 1˜40; (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii); (iv) an agglomerate of water-soluble compounds including salts of amine, salts of ammonium, nitrate, ammonium nitrate, nitro compound, salts of alkaline metals and salts of alkaline-earth metals, and a combination of (i), (ii) and (iii); (v) a product produced by reacting a multi-acid polymer with a product soluble in fuels, wherein the product soluble in fuels is obtained by the reaction of an acetylation agent of a carboxylic acid having at least one substituted alkyl with ammonium or amine or polyamine; and (vi) an agglomerate composed of a mixture of (ii) and (v), wherein water and diesel kept in a dispersed phase consisting of water droplets having a mean diameter of 1 μm or less.
- 2. Patent No. 73104278 (1984 & 1988, patentee: Chang Lin enterprise corp., Taiwan, see item 16 in Appendix 1) pertains to a method for manufacturing fuels containing an air pollution inhibitor. The procedures include (1) preparation of ingredients: (a) to take 0.25 pound of potassium chlorate and grind it into powder, solve it in distilled water as a 0.25 liter solution and let it stay for 24 hours until being filtrated, (b) to add 0.25 pound of camphor powder in 0.45 liter of diesel to become a 0.5 liter mixture of camphor and diesel via heating, (c) to add 0.035 pound of m-cresol in 0.465 liter of diesel to become a 0.5 liter mixture of m-cresol and diesel; (2) mixing jobs: (d) to put 0.055 liter of surfactant (a non-ion surfactant with a HBL value ranging between 3˜8) in 0.045 liter of methanol and mix them up homogeneously, (e) to add and mix 0.05 liter of hydrogen peroxide in 0.25 liter of the potassium chlorate solution obtained in stage (a), (f) mix up 0.5 liter camphor-diesel mixture obtained in stage (b) with 0.5 liter m-cresol-diesel mixture obtained in stage (c); and (3) to mix up the mixtures obtained in stages (d) and (e) respectively to become a new mixture, from which is taken out 0.002 liter to blend with 0.998 liter of soft water, and next to take 20% (by volume) of the solution mixed with 80% of original fuels (three denoted as A, B and C), and then added with 0.1% (in volume) of the mixture of (b) and (c) for 0.5 liter respectively via a mixing for 4 minutes to form the fuel mixture containing air pollution inhibitors.
- 3. Patent No. 91134811 (2002, patentee: Chen, G. C. Taiwanese, see item 17 in Appendix 1) pertains to a device for the treatment of exhaust, consisting of a packed tower for exhausted gas to pass in via an inlet tube and an ultra-sonic final-fog humidifier installed in the inlet tube for the formation of minor fog that is generated when normal fog hits an ultra-sonic resonance magnifier installed in the ultra-sonic final-fog humidifier, so that pollutants in the exhaust are to be absorbed by the minor fog to lower air pollution.
- 4. Patent No. 88100400 (1999, patentee: Robert, R. Murry, American, see item 18 in Appendix 1) pertains to a device for decomposing and oxidizing gas-phase pollutants. The device is provided with a thermal reactor, at least an entrance, a second entrance, an annular room, a packed bed, an air entry, a cleaning device and a monitoring device. The thermal reactor is provided with a central chamber having an inlet and a outlet, a heating element, a side inlet communicating with an external space confined by its outer wall and the heating element, an internal space confined by its inner wall and the heating element, a sharp hole cut in its inner wall for transmitting air in the internal space to the central chamber. The entrance used to guide air to flow into the thermal reactor includes a guiding tube having its end portion positioned in the thermal reactor and in a tube extended over the end of the guiding tube for defining a room in the tube. The tube has an opening end for communicating with the interior of the thermal reactor. The second entrance is provided in the guiding tube for letting other gas flow into the guiding tube. The annular room positioned at the outlet of the reactor is provided with an opening upper end for forcing a liquid to run into the annular room to form vortex, which then flows through the upper end and exhausts into the gas flowing in the central room. This liquid and gas then flows upward through the packed bed against the down-flowing liquid. The air entry is used to force air circulating at the upper portion of the packed bed so as to enhance condensation and particulate growth in the packed bed. The cleaning device utilized to remove chemical pollutants in the gas stream is composed of an entry letting gas stream flow into the cleaning device, and at least two packings set vertically and spaced apart and having a coating respectively for catching pollutants or reacting with them. The monitoring device is to detect the volume of pollutant removed from the gas flowing through the cleansing device, and to control re-generated coating to be selectively inducted to each bed so as to re-supply coating to the packings.
- 5. Patent No. 86100467 (1997, patentee: Lagas, Jan, Adolf, see item 19 in Appendix 1) concerns about a process for the removal of sulfur pollutants, aromatics and hydrocarbons. The process employs cyclobutane as a substrate absorber combined with secondary or third amine to remove sulfur pollutants formed as mercaptan and H2S and to retrieve sulfur element contained in hydrocarbons emission (including CO2, higher aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons). Actually, the process is to eliminate sulfides and CO2 via chemical or physical or chemical/physical absorbers.
- 6. Patent No. 81207216 (1992, patentee: Kobe, S. Moore, American, see item 20 in Appendix 1) pertains to a liquid fuel distributor for preventing pollution. The distributor is composed of a fuel distributing unit, a fuel storing tank, a pump used to transfer the fuel in the fuel storing tank and possessing a fuel outlet, a filtration container having both a fuel inlet connected with the fuel outlet of the pump and a fuel outlet, a filtration mechanism and a tube mechanism used to transfer the fuel in the filtration container to the fuel distributing unit. The filtration mechanism installed in the filtration container is employed to filter the fuel and able to automatically cease running the process in case that the pollutants has been collected to a certain amount.
- The invention has been devised to improve the defects of the conventional water-in-oil emulsified fuels, such as water emulsified heavy oil (WEH) and water emulsified diesel (WED), as mentioned previously.
- The objective of this invention is to offer a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water”, not only easily prepared with a low cost, but also able to elevate combustion efficiency, to lower pollutant emission, and to save energy.
- For heavy fuel oil, the process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the invention includes the following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing a mixture of the “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished in step (1), with 60˜95% (w/w) of conventional heavy fuel oil; and, (3) having a mixture of step (2) mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil”.
- For diesel, the process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the invention includes the following steps: (1) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w); (2) primarily mixing a mixture of the “oily water” with surfactants, that was finished in step (1), with 75˜98% (w/w) of conventional diesel; and, (3) having a mixture of step (2) mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified diesel”.
- The “oily water” can be prepared purposely by the specified concentration mentioned above.
- The “oily water” can be directly selected from oily industrial waste water.
- The “oily water” can be selected from oily industrial waste water that has been filtered to get rid of solid impurities.
- The “oily water” can be selected from oily industrial waste water that is concentrated to a proper concentration in case of having a lower original concentration.
- The surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers) can be any of commercial ones as long as it is capable of keeping oil and water homogeneously mixed.
- The “oily water” is “water containing dissolved fuel”.
- The “dissolved fuel” is a mixture of at least one, two mixed or three or more mixed compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel, vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
- This invention can be well understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the present invention. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , a preferred embodiment of a process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using “oily water” in the present invention is processed with the following steps: (a) preparing the “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w); (b) mixing the “oily water” an d the surfactants t h at was finished by step (a) with 60˜95% (w/w) of conventional heavy fuel oil or with 75˜98% (w/w) of conventional diesel, respectively; (c) mixing the two mixtures, respectively, that was finished by step (b) further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil”, denoted as OWEH, and an “oily water emulsified diesel”, denoted as OWED, respectively. - As the “oily water” is a necessary raw material in the present invention, it therefore must be obtained before proceeding with any further manufacturing step. The “oily water” is gained via plural ways: (1) adding 0.0˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel in to water to form the “oily water” used as an additive in the present invention; (2) directly making use of oily industrial waste water containing 0.02∥30% (w/w) of combustible fuel as the “oily water” or filter the oily industrial waste water in advance by a simple filtration means if there are solid impurities existing in the industrial waste water; (3) concentrating the oily industrial waste water to the range 0.02˜30% (w/w) needed for the “oily water” of the invention in case of too low oil concentration in water. It is should be noted the “oily water” cannot contain too high concentration of corrosive species such as fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.
- No matter how the “oily water” having 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel is obtained, it can be used as the additive of the invention. The “oily water” is further defined as “water containing dissolved fuel”, wherein the “dissolved fuel” can be a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel, vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil). In the embodiment, the combustible “dissolved fuel” (or their mixture) are first dissolved homogeneously in water to become the “oily water” that is consecutively added and homogeneously blended with surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers). Then, conventional heavy oil or conventional diesel is added in by a designated concentration, mixed up to get well emulsified to become the “oily water emulsified heavy” (briefed as OWEH) or the “oily water emulsified diesel” (briefed as OWED).
- The “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (briefed as OWEH) has been practically tested to show a better stability than conventional water emulsified heavy oils; in a heavy oil boiler test, the particulate matter (PM), the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the total toxicity equivalent concentration (Total-BaPeq), the carbon monoxide (CO) and the nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in stack flue gases are obviously lowered and are greatly saving the energy.
- As for the “oily water emulsified diesel” (briefed as OWED) tested in a diesel engine, it also well achieved a reduction of pollutant emission and save energy. Therefore, the “oily water emulsified fuels” produced by the present invention can really raise combustion efficiency, lower the pollutant emission, and save energy.
- First of all, the terms expressed in the experiments related with heavy oil and diesel is to be clarified in the following description. Traditional heavy oil (EH-0) represents that it contains complete traditional heavy oil added with 0% of tap water or “oily water”. Water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) represents that it contains 20% of tap water and 80% of traditional heavy oil. “Oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) represents that it contains 20% of the “oily water” and 80% of traditional heavy oil. Traditional diesel (ED-0) represents that it contains a complete traditional diesel added with 0% of tap water or “oily water”. Water emulsified diesel (WED-13) represents that it contains 13% of water and 87% of traditional diesel. “Oily water emulsified diesel with “oily water” (OWED-13) represents that it contains 13% of the “oily water” and 87% of traditional diesel.
- In heavy oil experiments, the traditional heavy oil used in the invention is No. 6 heavy oil purchased from a petroleum company in Taiwan, conforming to the specifications of fuel oils for industrial boilers. The “oily water” is supplied by a waste oil recycling factory located in southern Taiwan. Usually, in order to reduce water content in recycled waste oils, it is stripped off by thermal vacuum treatment. The industrial waste water is treated to keep oils and water separated, with the upper oil layer recycled for being used as fuel and with the lower layer of “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention. As shown in Appendix 2, the “oily water” has been analyzed to have the following data: chemical oxygen demand (COD) being 9600 mg/L, total petroleum hydrocarbon as gasoline (TPH-gasoline) being 444 mg/L, total petroleum hydrocarbon as diesel (TPH-diesel) being 97 mg/L. The “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) is formulated by first blending 0.5% surfactants (or so called as emulsifier s) in “oily water” and then obtained (OWEH-20) by adding 20% (W/W) of the “oily water with surfactants” in 80% of traditional heavy oil (EH-0). As for the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20), it is formulated by first blending surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers) in 20% (W/W) of tap water (regularly used in southern Taiwan) that is then sufficiently mixed with 80% (W/W) of traditional heavy oil (EH-0).
- According to experiments of a heavy oil boiler, the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) obtained when the boiler creates one kJ of steam heat are 4.3, 3.7 and 2.7 mg/kJ steam for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) respectively. If the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 20.9% and 37.2% respectively; and, 16.3% of the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) is reduced if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20).
- In terms of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it has been found that the average emission factors of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated while producing one kJ steam by boiler are respectively 2.83, 2.10 and 1.82 μg/kJ-steam for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20). If the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the emission factors of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 25.8% and 35.7% respectively; and, 9.9% of the emission factor of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) i s decreased if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20). By comparing total toxicity equivalent concentration (Total-BaPeq), it has been found that the average emission factors of total toxicity equivalent concentration (Total-BaPeq) generated while producing one kJ steam by boiler are respectively 29.5, 17.8 and 15.6 ng/kJ-steam for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20). If the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the emission factor of totla toxicity concentration (Total-BaPeq) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy” (OWEH-20) are comparatively reduced by 39.7% and 47.1% respectively; and, 7.4% of the emission factor of total toxicity concentration (Total-BaPeq) is lowered if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- As for the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), its average concentrations are respectively 171, 35.0 and 27.0 ppmv for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20). If the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for the water emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 79.5% and 84.2% respectively; and, it is lowered by 4.7% if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20). With regard to the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), its average concentrations are respectively 198, 178 and 168 ppmv for the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20). If the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 10.1% and 15.2% respectively; and, it is lowered by 5.1 % if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- As the data shown in Appendix 3, the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) is more stable than the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20).
- Viewing from energy efficiency of a boiler, it has been found that the average energy efficiency of the traditional heavy oil (EH-0), the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are respectively 43%, 47% and 49%. That is, if the consumption of the traditional heavy oil (EH-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100% while generating a certain amount of steam by boiler, the average consumption of energy by the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) and by the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) are comparatively lowered by 9.3% and 14% respectively; and, it is lowered by 4.7% if comparing the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) with the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20). It should be noted that the “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention contains about 1% (W/W) of dissolved combustible fuel. So, the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) contains about 0.2% (W/W) of fuel more than the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20) does. However, as revealed above, the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) can save fuel energy as much as 4.7% if compared to the “water emulsified heavy oil” (WEH-20). In other words, by consuming 0.2% (W/W) of more fuel to obtain 4.7% of more energy, a 23.5 times of energy is converted by per unit mass of the extra 0.2% fuel. According to the UN standard estimation, the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH-20) can have a reduction of carbon dioxide emission approximately by 14%, in comparison to traditional heavy oil combusted to generate a certain amount of steam.
- In diesel experiments, the traditional diesel used in the invention is premium diesel manufactured by a petroleum company in Taiwan, conforming to the Taiwan diesel specifications for a diesel engine. The “oily water” for the production of “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) is obtained by homogeneously mixing 1% (W/W) of palm biodiesel in city tape water. Next, the “oily water” is sufficiently blended with 0.1% (W/W) of surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers). Then, 13% (W/W) of the emulsified “oily water” is completely mixed with 87% (W/W) of traditional diesel to become the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13).
- According to the tests of diesel engine, it has been found that the specific fuel consumption are respectively 0.356, 0.393 and 0.379 L/kW·h for the traditional diesel (ED-0), the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13). Compared to the traditional diesel (ED-0), the ratios of conventional diesel plus bio-diesel contained in the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) are respectively 87% and 87.13%, and the average ratios of energy saved are 4.0% and 6.3% for the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) respectively. It also shows that 2.3% of energy is saved by the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) if compared to the water emulsified diesel (WED-13).
- As the “oily water” used in the experiments of the invention contains about 1% (W/W) of dissolved combustible fuel, the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) therefore contains about 0.13% (W/W) of fuel more than the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) does. So, by consuming 0.13% (W/W) of more fuel to obtain 2.3% of more energy, 17.7 times of the energy is converted by per unit mass of the extra 0.13% fuel.
- As for experiments of a diesel generator, it has been found that the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) obtained while generating one kW·h of energy are 92.5, 58.8 and 55.6 mg/kW·h for the traditional diesel (ED-0), the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) respectively. If the traditional diesel (ED-0) is regarded as a basis with a percentage of 100%, the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) for the water emulsified diesel (WED-13) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) are comparatively reduced by 36.4% and 39.9% respectively; and, 3.5% of the average emission factors of particulate matter (PM) is lowered if comparing the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED-13) with the “water emulsified diesel” (WED-13).
- As shown previously in the experimental data, the present invention is a brand-new one with a great breakthrough. The “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED) respectively utilized for boilers and diesel engines, respectively, can enhance the combustion efficiencies in the combustion chambers and reduce the pollutant emissions, not only saving energy but also achieving the purpose of green environmental protection. Moreover, for the heavy oil boiler and the diesel engine, how to save energy and how to reduce the pollutant emissions are always concerned by people. The “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) and the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED) manufactured in the invention can definitely promise to solve the problems mentioned above.
- As described previously, the invention provides a brand-new method to improve the defects of conventional emulsified fuels. The essential point is dissolving partial fuel in water in advance to become the “oily water”, which is consecutively blended with surfactants (or so called as emulsifiers). Next, the “oily water with surfactants” is mixed up with heavy oil or diesel, respectively, to become an “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or an “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED), which are so stable that fuel is not easy to be separated from water, allowing a lower addition of surfactants (emulsifiers) to save the cost. Moreover, as the “oily water” in the OWEH or the OWED is in a status of having plenty of fuel droplets homogeneously surrounded by water and the water also being dissolved by fuels, the fuel droplets in water become numerous ignition points while burning, so that incomplete combustion, caused by conventional emulsified fuels because of uneven size of water drops and sudden cooling of water, can be prevented from happening. Thus, combusted with the OWEH and the OWED of the invention, it can not only boost combustion efficiency to greatly save energy, but also lower emission of pollutants.
- And, with the concept of “Recycling & reusing oily industrial waste water”, the “oily water” used in the invention can be selected from the oily industrial waste water that has been simply filtered to get rid of solid impurities or has been raised in its concentration. Therefore, the oily industrial waste water can be easily re-used by the invention, instead of expending large sum in treating it, not only achieving the purpose of saving energy but also solving a tough problem of treating the oily industrial waste water.
- According to the prior arts and patents disclosed, improving fuels, equipment, boilers and air pollution control devices are mostly utilized to reduce pollutants, unlike the way done by the invention, making use of the oily industrial waste water as the “oily water” to blend with heavy oil or diesel, respectively, to become the “oily water emulsified heavy oil” (OWEH) or the “oily water emulsified diesel” (OWED). So, the invention is really a brand-new one.
- While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described above, it will be recognized and understood that various modifications may be made therein and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications that may fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water, said process comprising:
(1) The first step of preparing said “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w);
(2) The second step of primarily mixing a mixture of said “oily water” with surfactants that was prepared by step (1) with 60˜95% (w/w) of conventional heavy oil; and,
(3) The third step of having said mixture that finished by the second step mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified heavy fuel oil”.
2. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said oily water is formulated by dissolving 0.02˜30% (w/w) of a combustible fuel in water.
3. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said oily water is directly an oily industrial waste water with a combustible fuel concentration ranging between 0.02˜30% (w/w).
4. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is filtered to get rid of solid impurities.
5. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is concentrated to keep concentration of said combustible fuel ranged between 0.02˜30% (w/w) if its concentration is too low.
6. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said “oily water” is “a water containing dissolved fuel”.
7. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said dissolved fuels is a mixture of at least one, two mixed, or three or more mixed compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel and vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
8. A process for manufacturing emulsified fuels by using oily water, said process comprising:
(1) The first step of preparing said “oily water” that has 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel dissolved in water and is blended with surfactants (or called as emulsifiers) by 0.01˜3% (w/w);
(2) The second step of primarily mixing a mixture of said “oily water with surfactants”, that was finished by the first step, with 75˜98% (w/w) of conventional diesel; and,
(3) The third step of having said mixture that was finished by the second step mixed up further by using homogenizer to become an “oily water emulsified diesel”.
9. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said “oily water” is formulated by dissolving 0.02˜30% (w/w) of a combustible fuel in water.
10. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels claimed in claim 8 , wherein said oily water is an oily industrial waste water with a combustible fuel concentration ranging between 0.02˜30% (w/w).
11. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 10 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is filtered to get rid of solid impurities.
12. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 10 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is concentrated to keep concentration of said combustible fuel ranged between 0.02˜30% (w/w) if its concentration is too low.
13. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said “oily water” is a “water containing dissolved fuels”.
14. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 13 , wherein said dissolved fuel is a mixture of at least one, two mixed, or three 0or more mixed compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel and vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
15. An oily water formulated by dissolving 0.02˜30% (w/w) of combustible fuel in water.
16. The oily water as claimed in claim 15 , wherein said oily water is an oily industrial waste water with a combustible fuel concentration ranging between 0.02˜30% (w/w).
17. The oily water as claimed in claim 16 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is filtered to get rid of solid impurities.
18. The oily water as claimed in claim 16 , wherein said oily industrial waste water is concentrated to keep concentration of said combustible fuel ranged between 0.02˜30% (w/w) if its concentration is too low.
19. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 15 , wherein said oily water is a water containing dissolved fuel.
20. The process of manufacturing oily water emulsified fuels as claimed in claim 19 , wherein said dissolved fuel is a mixture of at least one, two mixed or three or more mixed compound selected from the group consisting of combustible alcohols (including substituted groups such as bio-alcohols and glycerin), alkanes (including substituted groups), benzens (including substituted groups), ethers (including substituted groups), aldehydes (including substituted groups), ketones (including substituted groups), organic acids (including substituted groups), esters (including substituted groups), mineral oils (including cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasoline, diesel (including biodiesel and vegetable oils and animal oils used for producing biodiesel), and heavy oils (including fuel oils, residue oil or circulation oil).
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TW096147518A TW200925265A (en) | 2007-12-12 | 2007-12-12 | Method for producing emulsified fuels by using oily water |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011028183A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd | Fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the fuel additive compositions |
WO2011028182A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd | Organic fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the organic fuel additive compositions |
CN102234552A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-09 | Enfc株式公司 | Heavy-oil emulsifier and heavy-oil emulsified fuel and preparation method thereof |
CN104479773A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-01 | 山东永泰化工有限公司 | Heavy oil emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
US9458768B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-10-04 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Algae-derived fuel/water emulsion |
US9493709B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2016-11-15 | Fuelina Technologies, Llc | Hybrid fuel and method of making the same |
US10308885B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2019-06-04 | Drexel University | Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels |
CN114958438A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 液态阳光(北京)科技有限公司 | Biological alcohol-based molecular recombinant clean fuel, preparation method thereof and special molecular agent thereof |
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MX2020004489A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2021-01-08 | Fusion Group Holdings Co Ltd | Combustible oil preparation method. |
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US20030029814A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-02-13 | William Begell | Efficient disposal of fluid waste |
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-
2008
- 2008-12-11 JP JP2009545443A patent/JPWO2009075317A1/en active Pending
- 2008-12-11 WO PCT/JP2008/072490 patent/WO2009075317A1/en active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (1)
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US20030029814A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-02-13 | William Begell | Efficient disposal of fluid waste |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2011028183A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd | Fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the fuel additive compositions |
WO2011028182A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd | Organic fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the organic fuel additive compositions |
CN102234552A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-09 | Enfc株式公司 | Heavy-oil emulsifier and heavy-oil emulsified fuel and preparation method thereof |
US9493709B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2016-11-15 | Fuelina Technologies, Llc | Hybrid fuel and method of making the same |
US9458768B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-10-04 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Algae-derived fuel/water emulsion |
CN104479773A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-01 | 山东永泰化工有限公司 | Heavy oil emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
US10308885B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2019-06-04 | Drexel University | Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels |
CN114958438A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 液态阳光(北京)科技有限公司 | Biological alcohol-based molecular recombinant clean fuel, preparation method thereof and special molecular agent thereof |
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JPWO2009075317A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
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