RU2566847C1 - Diesel engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: sealed shutter is arranged at the diesel intake system inlet while oxidiser injector is fitted in intake pipe and connected with oxidiser feed pipe. Fuel feed pipe is connected via distributor to every fuel nozzle. Engine can comprise control unit. Oxidiser and fuel feed pipes can be connected with pump assembly outlets. Said pump assembly comprises oxidiser and fuel pumps fitted on common shaft engaged with the drive. Motor can be used as the drive.

EFFECT: engine operation without air.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, more specifically to diesel internal combustion engines and their fuel supply systems.

Known diesel engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2452866, IPC F02M 25/10, publ. 06/06/2012, the fuel system of which contains a fuel tank, a filter, an engine pre-heater, diesel activators, a nozzle mounted on the cylinder head and equipped with a needle located on the central axis of the nozzle, a high-pressure pump connected to the nozzle working chamber through the fuel supply line diesel fuel equipped with a valve, according to the proposed solution contains a hydrogen supply device connected through a fuel supply line of hydrogen to the working chamber of the nozzle, a bellows n with a sealing insert installed in the upper part of the nozzle and filled with working fluid, electrodes located in the bellows cavity, the bellows being equipped with a piston, the stem of which is a continuation of the nozzle needle, and the hydrogen supply pipe has a metering valve, while the bellows electrodes and metering valve electrically connected to the engine angle sensor.

Disadvantages - highly specialized appointment.

Known multi-fuel diesel engine of increased power according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2285814, IPC F02B 47/04, publ. 10/20/2006.

This engine contains a cylinder block with a crankcase, a gas distribution mechanism kinematically connected to a crank mechanism, an air treatment system with a regenerator, an air cyclone connected to an exhaust system, a power supply, cooling, lubrication, start-up and control system.

Disadvantage - applicable only to high power engines.

Known diesel engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2413854, IPC F02B 69/04, publ. 03/10/2011.

This engine includes a diesel fuel, gas supply system with regulators of their quantity and an air supply system. The air supply system consists of an air filter, air ducts and an intake tract. After the air filter, a mixing chamber with three inlets and one outlet is installed in the air duct. One of the entrances of the mixing chamber contains a venturi scrubber and is in communication with the air filter. The other two inputs are connected to gaseous fuel sources with a low cetane number and a high cetane number, respectively, and contain devices for adjusting the amount of gaseous fuels supplied to the mixing chamber.

Disadvantages - the complexity of the fuel system and the inability of the engine to work with a lack of atmospheric air.

Known diesel engine and its operation according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2388916, IPC F02B 19/18, publ. 05/10/2010, prototype.

The method of operation of an internal combustion engine includes introducing a portion of the fuel into the intake manifold. External mixture formation is carried out by introducing part of the fuel in the amount of 20% of the total cyclic supply of fuel to the intake manifold. Internal mixture formation is carried out by injecting the remaining part of the fuel into the cylinder in the amount of 80% of the total cyclic supply with compression ignition of the mixture.

Full cyclic fuel supply corresponds to an excess air coefficient α = 1.0 ÷ 4.05. A device for implementing combined mixing includes a suction collector, which is equipped with a mixing chamber, made in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution. An additional nozzle and ultrasonic magnetostrictive vibrators mounted coaxially on both sides at an angle of 30 ° to the major axis of the mixing chamber are installed on the mixing chamber.

Disadvantages - the inability to operate the engine in high altitude conditions, in enclosed spaces and under water in the absence of air.

The objective of the invention is to ensure its operability in the absence of air.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a diesel internal combustion engine containing a crankshaft with a drive sprocket, a gas distribution system made in the cylinder head, in turn, containing an intake system, an exhaust system for the combustion products, at least one cylinder with a piston installed in it and a fuel nozzle, in that a sealed shutter is installed at the inlet of the intake system, and an oxidizer nozzle is placed inside, to which an oxidizer supply pipe is connected, and to each fuel nozzle es distributor connected fuel supply conduit. The diesel internal combustion engine may comprise a control unit. The pipelines for the supply of oxidizer and fuel can be connected to the exits from the turbopump unit having oxidizer pumps and fuel with a common shaft, which, in turn, is connected to the drive. An electric motor can be used as a drive.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 1 ... 7, where:

in FIG. 1 shows an end view,

in FIG. 2 shows a section aa,

in FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of an internal combustion engine in BB,

in FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the engine on BB,

in FIG. 5 shows the engine cooling system,

in FIG. 6 shows a section D-D,

in FIG. 7 shows the pump unit.

A diesel internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as the engine) comprises (Fig. 1 ... 7) at least one cylinder 1 and a piston 2 installed therein.

In the further description of the invention is given by the example of a two-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. Nevertheless, the invention extends its rights to a single-cylinder engine, as well as to engines with any number of cylinders and with any arrangement thereof, for example with a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders. Also, the invention can be applied in two-stroke engines having liquid cooling. Each piston 2 has compression and oil scraper rings 3 and 4, respectively. The cylinders 1 are made integral with the housing 5 having a pan 6 for oil 7. Above the cylinders 1 is a cylinder head 8, between them a gasket 9 is installed.

The engine has a crankshaft 10, a gas distribution system made in the cylinder head 8.

The gas distribution system includes an intake system 11 with an inlet pipe 12, a throttle valve 13 and its drive 14 and an exhaust system 15 with a muffler 16 and a camshaft 17 with cams 18.

The camshaft 17 is mounted parallel to the axis of the crankshaft 10. Inlet head 19 has inlet openings 19 with inlet valves 20 and outlet openings 21 with exhaust valves 22. In operation, combustion chambers 23 are formed in the cylinders 1 during operation.

The pistons 2 are connected to the crankshaft 10 by connecting rods 24, in which the fingers 25 are mounted. The connecting rods 24 have connecting rod bearings 26. The crankshaft 10 is mounted on the main bearings 27 and sealed by seals 28. Inside the crankshaft 10, oil channels 29 are made.

The gas distribution system includes a drive sprocket 30 and a driven sprocket 31 connected by a chain (or belt) 32. The diameter of the driven sprocket 30 is 2 times the diameter of the drive sprocket 31. For two turns of the crankshaft 10, the camshaft 17 makes only one revolution (This applies only to four-stroke engines).

Near the side section of the chain 31, the chain tensioner 33 is installed.

In addition, the engine has fuel nozzles 34 installed in each cylinder 1, connected by high pressure pipes 35 to the distributor 36. A fuel supply pipe 37 is connected to the distributor 36, the other end of which is connected to the pump unit 38. The fuel supply pipe 37 contains a fuel flow regulator 39 with actuator 40 and fuel shut-off valve 41.

An oxidizer nozzle 42 is installed in the inlet pipe 12, which is connected by the oxidizer supply pipe 43 to the pump unit 28. The oxidizer supply pipe 43 contains an oxidizer flow controller 44 with actuator 45 and an oxidizer shut-off valve 46.

The pump unit 38 (Fig. 7) contains an oxidizer pump 48, a fuel pump 49 and a drive 50 mounted on the shaft 47. An electric motor is used as a drive.

The actuator 50 is connected by an electric wire 51 containing a switch 52 to a battery 53. The fuel supply system comprises a fuel tank 54, which is connected to the inlet of the fuel pump 48 by a fuel pipe 55 containing a valve 56. Carbon fuel or alcohol can be used as fuel.

The oxidizer supply system comprises an oxidizer tank 57, which is connected to the inlet to the oxidizer pump 48 by the oxidizer pipe 58 containing the oxidizer valve 59. Oxygen or hydrogen peroxide or any oxidizer is used as the oxidizer.

In more detail, the construction of the pump unit 38 is shown in FIG. 7. The pump assembly 38 comprises oxidizer pumps 48 and a fuel pump 49 having a common shaft 47 to which a drive 50 is connected.

The oxidizer pump 48 comprises an inlet housing 60, a screw 61, a centrifugal impeller 62 mounted on the shaft 47, an output housing 63, a support 64 and a seal 65.

The fuel pump 49 comprises an inlet housing 66, a screw 67, a centrifugal impeller 68, an outlet housing 69, a support 70, and a seal 71.

The engine may be equipped with a control unit 72, which is electrically connected 73 to the drives 14, 40 and 45.

The engine uses a liquid cooling system. A cavity 74 is provided between the cylinders 1 and between the housing 5 and the cylinders 1 for cooling the cylinders 1. The engine cooling system comprises a cavity 74, a discharge pipe 75, a pump 76, an intermediate pipe 77, a radiator 78, and a supply pipe 79.

CONTROL SENSORS

The engine may be equipped with an angular position sensor for the throttle valve 80 and a pressure sensor behind the throttle valve 81. The sensors 80 and 81 are connected by electrical connections 73 to the control unit 72 (Fig. 1). This will allow you to adjust the ignition timing when working with a minimum load at high speeds of the crankshaft 10 to save fuel.

In addition, the engine may be equipped with a coolant temperature sensor 82, a crankshaft speed sensor 83, a camshaft angle sensor 84, which are connected to the control unit 72 via communication lines 73.

ENGINE OPERATION

The engine operates as follows. Two engine operating modes are possible:

- in the presence of atmospheric air,

- in the complete absence of atmospheric air (for example, in a submarine).

FIRST OPERATION

In the initial position, the shutter 13 is open.

To start the engine with a starter (not shown in FIGS. 1 ... 7), crankshaft 10 is untwisted. At the same time, the valves are opened, the switch 52 is turned on, and electric energy from the accumulator 53 is transmitted via electric wire 51 to the actuator 50, which untwists the pump unit 38 (FIG. 1 and 7). The pressure of the fuel and oxidizer at the exits from the pumps 48 and 49 increases. Valves 46 and 56 are opened, and fuel and oxidizer enter the engine.

The oxidizing agent from the oxidizer pump 49 is supplied to the nozzles 42 through the oxidizer conduit 43 and is injected into the manifold 12. A mixture of air and the oxidizing agent is supplied from the inlet 12 through the inlet system (Fig. 3) through the inlet 19, when the inlet valve 20 is open, it enters the combustion chamber 23. In this case, the first piston 2 is located at the top dead center of TDC and begins to move downward, operating in the air-fuel mixture intake mode. A mixture of air with an oxidizing agent enters the combustion chamber 23 of the first cylinder 1. The exhaust system 15 of the first cylinder 1 is closed at this time. At the same time, for the second cylinder 1, the inlet 19 is closed by the inlet valve 20. The combustion products from the second cylinder 1 enter the exhaust system 15 and the muffler 16 through the outlet 21 when the inlet valve 22 is open. After the crankshaft 10 completes a half-turn, the air-fuel mixture will be compressed in the combustion chamber 23 of the first cylinder 1 and the control unit 72 by electrical connection 73 sends a signal to the distributor 36, which controls the supply of fuel to the corresponding fuel nozzle 34 of the first cylinder 1 first a series of pulses to ignite the fuel-air mixture. And so the cycles are repeated. Cylinders 1 are heated to a temperature of 500 ... 700 ° C and without cooling the engine is inoperative.

The most effective liquid cooling. For this purpose, a cavity 74 filled with coolant is formed around all the cylinders 1. Heated coolant is drawn from cavity 74 by a sampling line 75 and pump 76 through an intermediate pipe 77 to a radiator 78 where it is cooled by air. In existing schemes, this heat is not used. In the proposed engine, the coolant is taken off by a sampling line 50 and fed to a heat exchanger 49, where it is cooled, while heating the air.

SECOND OPERATION

For engine operation in the complete absence of atmospheric air, the valve 13 is completely closed. Air does not enter the intake system 11 with the intake pipe 12.

The engine only runs on an oxidizer instead of air. Otherwise, his work is similar to work in the first mode.

CONTROL OF WORK

The throttle position sensor 80 allows you to control its position when establishing the appropriate engine operation mode. The pressure sensor behind the throttle 81 duplicates this function and monitors this pressure. The coolant temperature sensor 82 allows you to monitor engine overheating.

The crankshaft sensor 83 monitors the rotational speed of the crankshaft 10 (mode and load), and the angular position sensor of the camshaft 83 constantly measures the angular position of the camshaft 17 to control the moment of fuel injection.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. Ensure engine performance in a rarefied atmosphere and in the absence of air.

2. Increase engine efficiency.

3. To exclude an engine overheat.

4. To increase the reliability and service life of the system by eliminating the influence of adjustments and wear of parts of the gas distribution mechanism.

Claims (4)

1. A diesel internal combustion engine comprising a crankshaft with a drive sprocket, a gas distribution system made in the cylinder head, in turn, comprising an intake system, an exhaust system of combustion products, at least one cylinder with a piston and a fuel nozzle installed therein, characterized in that a sealed damper is installed at the inlet of the intake system, and an oxidizer nozzle is placed inside, to which an oxidizer feed pipe is connected, and to each fuel nozzle through the distributor The uniform fuel supply conduit. 2. A diesel internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a control unit. 3. A diesel internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidant and fuel supply pipelines are connected to the outlets of a turbopump unit having oxidizer pumps and fuel with a common shaft, which, in turn, is connected to the drive. 4. A diesel internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that an electric motor is used as a drive.

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