JPS597404B2 - Method for cultivating pine sills and equipment for use therein - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method and apparatus.

More specifically, the present invention relates to a bulk cultivation method and apparatus.

Traditionally, mushrooms have been artificially cultivated by using tunnels or by using a single cultivation house for post-fermentation, seed planting, and germination, but this method has the following fatal drawbacks: .

In other words, fixed tunnel cultivation not only allows the proliferation of various bacteria and lowers the yield, but also is not comfortable to operate.

In addition, even in the case of the single-breeding house method, a series of steps such as floor preparation, fermentation, inoculation, soil covering, and harvesting are carried out in the same house, so the equipment in the house gets damaged quickly, and there is also a problem with assembly line operations. It also causes delays.

Furthermore, since the optimum temperature for growing mushrooms is around 15 to 20°C, conventional methods are limited to cultivation twice in spring and autumn.

Therefore, there is also a constraint that the cultivation area is limited to areas that meet the conditions.

The bulk method adopted in the present invention is a cultivation method developed at Ikry, France, and mainly developed in the Netherlands, and is a cultivation method that was developed in the same cultivation room from conventional post-fermentation to harvesting.
From ngle-zone system, mult
It is an alternative to the iple-zone system and is called a composting system.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional cultivation methods, the present invention not only enables mechanical work and year-round cultivation regardless of the season, but also improves the bulk method adopted in the Netherlands. This is what we provide.

In other words, the bulk room is divided into two parts: a high temperature room and a low temperature room.
Post-fermentation is carried out in the high-temperature bulk room, and mycelium of inoculated compost is grown in the low-temperature bulk room.

The cultivation room (bacteria building) was set up in a separate building to facilitate mechanization.

The compost used in the present invention is mainly made of rice straw and horse manure, and the amount of moisture and nitrogen is checked to make sure that chemical fertilizers (such as urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.)
lime (nitrogen superphosphate, etc.) to give a total nitrogen content of 1.5 to 1.7% as dry matter (as an added nitrogen source).

Chicken manure and other household manure take too long to ferment and are not suitable if the main material is rice straw, but there is no problem if added in small amounts.

As mentioned above, in the present invention, rice straw is used as the main material for composting, but rice straw is more easily disintegrated than wheat culm, so some measures have been taken to achieve this, such as shortening the accumulation period, and not adding other household manure (horse manure). Other than chemical fertilizers), the moisture content was kept at around 65% (70% to 72% in the case of wheat culms) to maintain physical properties and air permeability.

Next, one embodiment of the apparatus used in the present invention will be described.

Although FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of the method of the present invention, the apparatus for carrying out the method shown in this flow sheet is not limited to the apparatus of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a compost oscillating filling machine used in a bulk chamber.

Since this machine is used in both the first bulk chamber and the second bulk chamber, it is designed for both purposes, and seed cultivation is not required in the first bulk chamber, but is required in the second bulk chamber.

The structure and operation of this machine will be explained below. Compost prepared as described above is transferred to conveyor 1 on the right side of Figure 2.
The rotation of this conveyor moves the compost upward and to the left.

The rotation of this conveyor is performed by decelerating and transmitting the rotation of a motor (not shown).

In addition, this conveyor has protrusions 2 to ensure that the compost is conveyed, and is designed to work with barbed rollers 3 on the upper left to level the compost to a certain height and supply a fixed amount. .

This fixed amount of released compost is loosened by the rotating body 4 at its falling point and further falls.

At this falling point, there is an oscillating conveyor 5, which has a pivot portion at its right end (not shown), and whose left end is swung horizontally to uniformly disperse and fill the compost.

This oscillating conveyor is also provided with a protrusion 6 to ensure that the compost is transported.

Further, a seed seed planting device 7 is fixed to the oscillating conveyor, and seed bacteria are planted while the compost is being conveyed.

This seed inoculation device is used in the second bulk chamber, but not in the first bulk chamber.

The wheels 84 and 9 are provided on this machine so that it can be moved because it is used for both the first and second bulk chambers.

Fig. 3 shows a floor filling machine, in which the conveyor and the table of the floor filling net can move up and down, making it ideal for floor filling on shelves.

That is, in this machine, as shown in FIG. 3, a conveyor 12 is provided on a table 11 that is moved up and down by a cylinder 10.

This conveyor is provided with a protrusion 13, a barbed roller 14, and a rotating body 15, similar to the oscillating filling machine shown in FIG. 2, and conveys a fixed amount of compost.

The compost carried by this conveyor 12 is table 1
It is dropped onto the net 17 on the top 6 and is evenly packed on the floor.

This table is moved up and down by a motor 18.
In the figure, the net winding machine 19 on the left is stopped at a height corresponding to the second stage from the top.

Each net winder has a motor in a box 20 at the bottom, winds up the string at the tip of the net 17, and packs the compost, which is the inoculum, carried by the conveyor 12 onto the net.

The net is gradually moved to the left by rollers 21 and 22 at both ends, but initially the net is wound around the right end roller 22, and as the compost is placed on the net, it is unwound and moved to the left. .

The compost on the net is prepared by a push drum 23 to maintain a constant height of the compost and to firmly fill the compost, leveled the floor, covered with soil, moved to multi-tiered shelves, and mushrooms are grown in the mushroom house.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.

Although various materials can be considered as the main material for mushroom compost, in the present invention, horse manure mainly consisting of rice straw was used.

The ratio of rice straw to horse manure is 8:2, but a nitrogen source, calcium, etc. are added, and the temperature of the compost reaches 60 degrees Celsius or higher in about 2 to 3 days after it is deposited.

At this time, the first switchback is performed. This step is to ensure that aerobic fermentation progresses smoothly, so it must be done carefully.

Thereafter, when the compost temperature reaches 65 to 75 degrees Celsius, the same turning is usually done 3 to 5 times.

Although the deposition period varies depending on the climatic conditions at the time, immature compost of about 8 to 12 days is suitable for this method.

The compost prepared as above has a moisture content of 60 to 70%.
%, pH is 8.0-8.5.

Next, approximately 20 to 100 tons of this compost is filled into the first high temperature bulk chamber using the swinging filling device of the present invention.

In this case, this swinging device is useful for uniformly filling the periphery with compost.

After filling, the temperature drops rapidly, but gradually rises.
If necessary, heating may be performed using a heater or steam.

Maintain at 60°C for 6-8 hours and at approximately 50°C for 3 days.

The amount of circulating air is 20-50m/5-15m
% of fresh air is introduced to supply oxygen.

This is called post-fermentation.

This post-fermentation is important for the growth of mycelium, including aerobic synthesis of nutrients for mushrooms by microorganisms, and is also an important process as it has bactericidal and insecticidal effects.

After post-fermentation, the temperature of the compost is suddenly lowered to about 25℃.
The mixture is cooled to a temperature of 100 mL and then filled into a second low-temperature bulk chamber while inoculating the seed bacteria.

The appropriate amount of inoculation is 4 to 7 l/ton.

The filling procedure may be the same as that for the first bulk chamber.

After growing in this room at 20 to 25°C for about two weeks, the plants are taken out, placed on the floor in the cultivation room, and immediately covered with soil.

Approximately 20 days after covering with soil, thatch begins to grow, and after 6 weeks of harvesting, heat treatment is performed at 60 to 70°C, and waste compost is discharged.

■The cultivation cycle is approximately 60 days, and it is possible to cultivate an average of 6 times per year per cultivation house.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of the method of the invention, and FIGS. 2-3 show the apparatus used in the method of the invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first bulk chamber is uniformly filled with compost mainly composed of rice straw and horse dung prepared by a conventional method, and about 50% of the compost is filled therein.
Post-fermentation was carried out under aerobic conditions at ~60°C for about one week, and then the compost was uniformly filled into a second bulk chamber while inoculating with inoculum, where it was grown for two weeks at about 20-25°C and then taken out again. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which is characterized by filling a mushroom house with the floor and immediately covering it with soil to cause the mushrooms to sprout. 2. A quantitative conveyor for supplying compost at an almost constant height with barbed rollers on the top, a rotary body located at the position where the compost discharged from this conveyor loosens the compost, and a rotary body that loosens the compost that is loosened by the rotary body. A oscillating filling machine for compost, comprising: an oscillating conveyor that transports and oscillates horizontally to uniformly fill compost; and an inoculum planting device provided on the oscillating conveyor. 3. A metering conveyor with barbed rollers on the top to supply pre-treated compost at a nearly constant height and movable to a desired height, and a metering conveyor at a position where the compost discharged from this conveyor falls. A loosening rotating body,
1. A bed filling machine, comprising a net support table which is movable to a desired height and is used to uniformly pack the compost loosened by the rotating body onto the movable net.