CN1027216C - Method for producing straw mushroom by applying agricultural N microbial inoculum - Google Patents
Method for producing straw mushroom by applying agricultural N microbial inoculum Download PDFInfo
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- CN1027216C CN1027216C CN 91104818 CN91104818A CN1027216C CN 1027216 C CN1027216 C CN 1027216C CN 91104818 CN91104818 CN 91104818 CN 91104818 A CN91104818 A CN 91104818A CN 1027216 C CN1027216 C CN 1027216C
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- straw
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- 240000006794 Volvariella volvacea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001478284 Variovorax paradoxus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 cow dung) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
A new method for indoor production of straw mushroom features that the culture medium is mainly straw, and is characterized by that a proper quantity of agricultural N bacterial agent is used as biological leaven and added to straw for fermenting in pile, the pile temp. reaches to pasteurization temp., and the straw is fed to bed for sowing. The method can ensure that the heap temperature reaches 65-75 ℃ in a short time, is 2-8 ℃ higher than that of common heap fermentation, can increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, optimizes the culture material, can kill harmful intermediate temperature type bacteria and mold, achieves the effect of pasteurization, can replace pasteurization, saves coal, saves energy, reduces cost, improves work efficiency, and can promote the kinking and fruiting of the hypha of the straw mushroom, so that the high and stable yield can be realized, 15-20 kilograms of the straw can be produced, and the average biological efficiency can reach 15-20%.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of straw mushroom production technology, particularly a kind of indoor production straw mushroom method of exempting pasteurizing.
For a long time, straw mushroom production is to build the haystack cultivation based on the field.It is in front of the door behind the house or the field that this open-air heap is planted, straw is bundled into one one the back soaked in the water, and fully suction (soaks to pick up in 2-4 hour to drip and remove unnecessary water), heap is spread layer 2-4 then, spreads a little auxiliary materials on every aspect and broadcasts and connect the straw mushroom bacterial classification.It is not high to adopt open-air heap to plant output, and hundred kilograms of straw are only received 5～6 kilograms of mushrooms, and this is owing to be subject to the influence that natural conditions such as wind and rain temperature change, and usually causes the underproduction even total crop failure.
In recent years, from outdoor move on to indoor, utilize mushroom house cultivating straw mushroom formation trend at leisure in summer, its production method mainly contains two kinds: first kind is that straw adds auxiliary material and carried out general fermentation reactor system 7-14 days, the indoor cultivation that utilizes mushroom house (setting up light exposure window) bedstead formula, its concrete processing step: straw is tied and was dipped in the water 2-4 hour, fully pick up after the suction to drip and remove unnecessary water, place and carry out composting on the ground, in the composting process, whenever auxilliary last layer straw spreads down an amount of lime, after spread down a little auxiliary material (by the wheat skin, corn or rice bran, calcium carbonate, superphosphate, compositions such as cow dung), pile to certain altitude and ferment turning after 4-5 days by it, through turning once more (turning over 1-2 time altogether) in 4-5 days, laggard bed material was broadcast and is connect bacterial classification again.With increasing that the open-air heap of the production ratio of general fermentation reactor system cultivation is planted, general hundred kilograms of straw can be received 7-8 kilogram mushroom (average biologicak efficiency reaches about 7-8%), and shortcoming is time-consuming taking a lot of work, and output but improves limited.Second kind be straw add auxiliary material on indoor mushroom bed through pasteurizing cultivation, the characteristics of this technology are to feed the mushroom room at outdoor burning steam, treat that room temperature reaches 70 ℃ and kept 2 hours, or 65 ℃ keep ceasing fire after 10-12 hour, allow temperature drop to 38 ℃ and broadcast and connect bacterial classification.Adopt and this composts or fertilisers of cultivating is carried out the method for pasteurizing, the straw mushroom per unit area yield further improves, and general hundred kilograms of straw can be received the mushroom about 10 kilograms, and (high also having reaches more than 15 kilograms), average biologicak efficiency can reach about 10%.Shortcoming is that coal consumption is surprising, burn the coal cost up, per hundred kilograms of straw will burn the coal (five, 600 kilograms of coals will be burnt in a common mushroom room) more than 50 kilograms, and will day and night ceaselessly burn continuously all night, temperature does not also increase two days two nights when running into low temperature, and the mushroom farming tires out.Sometimes in order to rob the CO in temperature sowing, the mushroom room
2Do not discharge the mushroom farming and just enter to sow, cause life danger.
Task of the present invention provides a kind ofly can replace pasteurizing, reduce production costs can also increase substantially moushroom yield, adopt the biological treatment fermentation reactor system to carry out the method for Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
Task of the present invention is finished like this, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription of producing straw mushroom is still based on straw, and utilize the production technology of existing straw mushroom indoor growing, characteristics of the present invention are to adopt the biofermentation new technology that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is carried out fermentation reactor system, promptly utilize an amount of alcaligenes paradoxus (Alcaligens paradoxus, hereinafter to be referred as " agricultural N bacterium ") as carrying out fermentation reactor system in the bio-fermentation agent adding composts or fertilisers of cultivating, after making that fermentation temperature reaches pasteurization temperature, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is placed on the indoor mushroom bed again and cultivate.
Adopt the principle that agricultural N bacterium is fermented to be: composts or fertilisers of cultivating is the material base that the mushroom class is produced, and different microbiologic populations may directly have influence on the output of mushroom class in the material, adopting beneficial microbe to insert composts or fertilisers of cultivating ferments, can be made into the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of high-quality, help mushroom class mycelial growth, kink and knot mushroom.Farming N bacterium is exactly a kind of beneficial microbe, when this bacterium is access in the straw windrow and carries out fermentation reactor system, under the situation that does not add heat, through about 24 hours, can make the heap temperature reach 65-75 ℃, (general mushroom farming adopts the temperature of pasteurizing can only reach 60-70 ℃), owing to improved the fermentation temperature of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, changed the microbiologic population of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, a large amount of breedings have been promoted to the useful actinomycetes of straw mushroom, high temperature azotobacter, oligonitrophilic bacteria etc., increase these beneficial microorganism quantity, thereby optimized composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
Below in conjunction with embodiment (embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto) the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription of main material is with the straw: 100 kilograms of straw, 5 kilograms of cow dungs, appropriate amount of auxiliary materials (comprising 3 kilograms of wheat skins, 3 kilograms of corn flour, 1 kilogram in fused calcium magnesium phosphate etc.), pulverized limestone 4-5 kilogram, (every gram bacteria containing amount is 4 * 10 to agricultural N bacterium solid fungicide 25-2000 gram
7), or to use the every ml bacteria containing amount of agricultural N bacterium liquid 200-1000ml(instead be 2 * 10
6).The concrete processing step of straw mushroom indoor growing of the present invention is as follows:
One. select composts or fertilisers of cultivating and mushroom room: it is standby to select fresh straw and cow dung to shine dry-storage.The mushroom room is that sufficient light scattering is arranged, and utilizes mushroom house should set up light exposure window, and mushroom room and bedstead must be sterilized through limewash or formaldehyde (formalin), and spray mite extremely with acaricide.
Two. the preparation of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and fermentation reactor system are handled, and the prescription of composts or fertilisers of cultivating wherein adopts agricultural N bacterium solid fungicide 50 gram (every gram bacteria containing amounts 4 * 10 as described above
7Individual), can in the auxiliary material of forming by wheat skin, corn flour, fused calcium magnesium phosphate etc., add agricultural N microbial inoculum earlier before the heap, adjust water gaging and mix thoroughly standby.The step that fermentation reactor system is handled, that chooses the solar radiation abundance builds stockyard ground, straw was soaked 2-4 hour, fully pick up after the suction, every layer overlay grass just evenly spreads time an amount of lime (press hay 5%) on careless face, spread the cow dung that some are prewetted in the middle of the inner ring again, help high temperature and kill assorted bacterium and insect in the cow dung, spread the auxiliary material that is added with agricultural N microbial inoculum down in the outer ring, allow its breeding in a large number at a certain temperature.Composting so in layer, and reach the height (generally pile wide be controlled at 1.5 meters, pile high 1.2-1.5 rice) of regulation.Piled in outmost surface and spread a little lime again, covered film, wrap close wind sheltering, the pouring of taking shelter from rain.There is daytime the sun to stay a seam so that the password protection temperature is covered in exhaust evening at the heap top.Heap back thermometric every day 2-3 time, when rising to, the material temperature remains on more than 65 ℃ between 65-75 ℃, turning after 10 hours, and water content to several grass of 75-80%(hand-lifting one have been turned round water droplet in the additional material), turn over the reprocessed uranium temperature and rise to again more than 65 ℃, through the sowing of can going to bed more than 10 hours.
Three. the charging management after planting of going to bed: roughly the same with the management method before the indoor mushroom bed cultivation of the general straw mushroom fruiting, the sowing of promptly going to bed was treated mycelia front cover bonnet upper film in 2-3 days or covers to burn soil, accomplished heat and moisture preserving, ventilation lucifuge.This stage mainly is to promote the material temperature progressively to rise, the material temperature control is about 35 ℃, must not or be lower than 33 ℃ above 38 ℃, the room temperature in mushroom room generally is controlled between 28-32 ℃, mushroom room humidity is controlled at 85-90%, and ventilate 1-2 every day, when generally twisting together fruiting on the mushroom bed, room temperature remains on about 30 ℃, is not less than 28 ℃.Be not higher than 32 ℃, in time spray water, humidity remains on more than 95%.Strengthen ventilation, strengthen light scattering.Be fruiting about a week generally after planting.
Four. adopt mushroom: should avoid when adopting the first damp mushroom straw taken up so that influence the kink of two damp mushrooms and grow.
Use this method to produce straw mushroom, owing to adopt the fermentation reactor system of biological treatment, heap temperature than general fermentation reactor system exceeds 2-8 ℃, except optimizing composts or fertilisers of cultivating, can also kill part harmful middle warm type bacterium, mould, terrible agaric and acarid, reach the effect of pasteurization, and then it be energy-conservation to reach province's coal, reduce cost, increased economic benefit.In addition, adopt agricultural N microbial inoculum to carry out fermentation reactor system, its heap temperature rises fast, only needs 3-5 days from windrow to advancing the sowing in bed kind, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of optimization can promote kink and the fruit body development of straw mushroom mycelia.Make straw mushroom stable high yield, per hundred kilograms of straw produce mushroom 15-20 kilograms, and biologicak efficiency is about 15-20%, and high reaches 35%, prove to be a kind ofly can replace pasteurizing, can increase substantially the Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of per unit area yield again.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method of straw mushroom indoor production, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription is based on straw, also add appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, specific embodiment comprise select the fresh cultured material dry standby, choose the mushroom room, with composts or fertilisers of cultivating carry out fermentation reactor system, charging go to bed before and after sowing, the fruiting management and adopt mushroom, it is characterized in that adopting agricultural N microbial inoculum to add and carry out the fermentation reactor system processing in the straw mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating as bio-fermentation agent.
2, by the described straw mushroom production method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating based on straw, per hundred kilograms of straw are 4 * 10 with addition of every gram bacteria containing amount
7Individual agricultural N solid fungicide 25～200 grams can be 2 * 10 with addition of every ml bacteria containing amount also
6Individual agricultural N bacterium liquid 200～1000ml.
3, by the described straw mushroom production method of claim 1, the concrete steps that it is characterized in that the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermentation reactor system are: choose the long straw of building ground, stockyard, will soaking after handling of solar radiation and in layer lay, every laying one deck just spreads the cow dung that some are prewetted at careless face inner ring, remove the auxiliary material that contains agricultural N microbial inoculum in the outer ring, piled that the heap temperature remains on 65-75 ℃ when covering the close wind sheltering of film bag insulation, fermentation, but turning 1-2 time is in order to even fermentation, and replenishes in the material water content to 75-80%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91104818 CN1027216C (en) | 1991-07-13 | 1991-07-13 | Method for producing straw mushroom by applying agricultural N microbial inoculum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91104818 CN1027216C (en) | 1991-07-13 | 1991-07-13 | Method for producing straw mushroom by applying agricultural N microbial inoculum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1058504A CN1058504A (en) | 1992-02-12 |
| CN1027216C true CN1027216C (en) | 1995-01-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91104818 Expired - Fee Related CN1027216C (en) | 1991-07-13 | 1991-07-13 | Method for producing straw mushroom by applying agricultural N microbial inoculum |
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| CN (1) | CN1027216C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1065709C (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 2001-05-16 | 高益猛 | Method for cultivating straw mushroom in contrary season |
| CN103250552B (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2016-09-28 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of high yield resistance straw mushroom bacterial utilizing Banana Leaf to produce |
| CN106804272A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-09 | 淮阴师范学院 | Microbial fermentation straw and its application process in cucumber straw mushroom rotation cropping |
| CN112042470A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-08 | 贵州土老磨农业发展有限公司 | Leavening agent suitable for edible fungi and method for fermenting edible fungi by utilizing leavening agent |
-
1991
- 1991-07-13 CN CN 91104818 patent/CN1027216C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1058504A (en) | 1992-02-12 |
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