JPS5857784B2 - Data Neuten Kokan System - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for transferring and exchanging data between at least two human groups.

Such systems are known and are particularly described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,702,464
) is connected, on the one hand, to at least one or more portable device or object containing a memory, and on the other hand, a central processing unit or calculator (containing a memory of a central record). A system consisting of a plurality of geographically distributed surrounding or regional units connected to each other is described.

Said surrounding unit has control means or control means, which controls between the central address of the calculator and the memory of the portable object when the portable object is coupled to the surrounding unit. It makes it possible to transfer data.

Such systems, whatever the degree of organization of portable objects, surrounding units and central calculators, are associated with major disadvantages.

That is, such systems require complex circuit connections between the central organizer or agency and the surrounding units, resulting in high equipment costs and the need for such circuit connections. The disadvantage is that the reliability of its operation is endangered by susceptible variation factors (arranged in the same way as these circuit connections).

The present invention eliminates the shortcomings of known systems and makes it possible to collect data on the geographical origin of seed rods to a central authority in an economical and reliable manner.

In order to overcome the disadvantages found in known systems, the inventors proposed that, contrary to the currently prevailing centralization trend, a plurality of independent autonomous devices or peripheral units (portable object storage and (contains means such as notation means or entry means that allow data to be transferred immediately between
The idea was to make it a reality.

Thus, according to a key feature of the invention, there are at least two human groups, the people belonging to each of the two groups being geographically dispersed.

) is a system for exchanging and transferring data between
A number of independent specialized specific recording devices distributed in geographically defined locations, and a number of electronic portable objects distributed among people belonging to a group. people carry this portable object on their person).

Each of these portable objects has a memory (preferably integrated in a fixed manner inside the portable object, and further preferably a semiconductor-type register-type memory element that requires less power supply). (preferably), coupling means which can optionally temporarily couple one of these portable objects with one of the above-mentioned special recording devices or one of the above-mentioned notation devices, and these coupling means with the above-mentioned storage. A storage control circuit is provided as a control means connected between the storage and control means, and such storage and control means are realized in the form of a combination of semiconductor logic elements.

These portable objects serve to store the data to be transferred in an easily transportable form.

Each of the recording devices includes means for reading the memory contents of the portable object when the portable object is coupled with the special recording device, and means for recording the memory contents of the portable object coupled to the reading means. ing.

A combination of such means allows each person to receive the respective memory contents of a portable object in the form of a record without going through a central computer.

According to a supplementary feature of the invention, it is also possible to enable each person belonging to one group to receive and receive data of people belonging to the other group, and vice versa. To achieve this, a plurality of independent marking devices distributed at geographically defined locations are added to the system, and the storage of the portable object contains programmable recording sections.

Each of these notation devices has an entry means,
This entry means makes it possible to enter data into the programmable storage means of the portable object when the portable object is coupled to the marking device.

A combination of such supplementary means makes it possible to write data into the respective memory of a portable object.

Preferably, these entry means, reading means and recording means are contained and connected in one and the same portable object as transfer device, but this applies in particular to the embodiments detailed below. , such special arrangement is not necessarily an essential condition.

The above-mentioned system can be used for various purposes, such as the following use for managing or maintaining health handbooks.

First, patients have a health record in the form of an electronic portable object that stores various medical information about them.

On the other hand, the doctor (not necessarily the primary care doctor) that this patient goes to for examination owns a special storage device, and this device allows the doctor to store the contents of the patient's health record. It is possible to read and record in one's (doctor's) memory the information necessary to make a diagnosis, and then enter these medical information about this patient in the memory of the health notebook. It will become.

According to another main feature of the invention, the recording means consist, on the one hand, of an inscription means located inside a special recording device and, on the other hand, of at least one portable object, Additionally, this portable object includes:

(1) A memory element with a (particularly irreversibly) programmable recording section.

(This memory is preferably a semiconductor type memory with a structure that does not receive power supply, and is further preferably integrated into the interior of the portable object (so that it does not move).

(11) Externally accessible coupling means coupled to this storage element.

(This allows the portable object to be optionally temporarily associated with the writing means of the recording means.

(iii) Memory control circuit.

(This is connected between the coupling means and the storage element.

) These storage elements and control means are realized in the form of microstructures of semiconductor logic elements.

With such a structure of the storage means, it is possible to store the data to be recollected and to transfer it periodically, for example to a central computer, in a convenient and reliable manner.

Even if a portable object is sent by its holder or by mail, express mail, etc. to a location where a central computer (which is adapted to read the contents of the memory element of this portable object) is located. All you have to do is do it.

The inventive system of the present invention as an alternative to circuit coupling systems (e.g., utilizing two portable objects and one transfer device in one embodiment) includes:
In fact, it is more economical and more reliable than circuit-linked systems, and it is extremely useful for transferring small amounts of data that have been distributed over a period of time. It should be emphasized that it is suitable for

Such a system can be used, for example, to manage accounts at a bank.

For this banking application, the system is configured, in addition to the configuration described above, to transfer data in a covert manner.

Thus, according to a supplementary feature of the invention, for such purposes: ■ each of the electronic portable objects described above is provided with another programmable memory (one-time programmed recognition or identification memory); each of the above-mentioned transfer (recording and/or notation) devices has a recognition or identification comparator intended to: That's what I'm doing.

That is, the comparator (1) compares the identification data contained in said further memory with the data introduced into the transfer device by the holder of the portable object; and (11) When a match is found between the compared data,
It has the function of allowing the transfer device means to be activated.

Next, we will explain what operations are carried out to maintain accounts at banks, and how such a system can be used to maintain accounts at banks. For example, The buyer, who is the holder of a payment card (portable object), transfers this card to a transfer device (also called special device) located at the point of sale (more commonly referred to as the place where the buyer is to make his purchase decisions). Insert it inside.

The transfer device performs the identification or identification of the payer by comparing the identification data contained in the payment card with a covert code introduced directly into the device by the payer.

The transfer device also determines the overdraft amount from the information contained in the card and compares it to the total purchase amount introduced directly into the transfer device by the teller.

The transfer device then places in the payer's payment card the new calculated balance (which can be disposed of)
(lower than the previous calculated balance).

Furthermore, the transfer device enters the payer's bank coordinates and the total amount of the purchase in a memory on the part of the merchant (memory realized in the form of a portable merchant card).

The merchant: informs his banker of his merchant card (containing the bank coordinates of his customers and the total amount of these customers' purchases) so that the banker can make various purchases. Depending on the banker's luck, the payer will have the merchant pay the total amount of the purchase and these amounts will be credited to the merchant's account.

Next, some embodiments of the system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but these are given as examples and are not meant to be limiting in any way.

The embodiment shown in the drawings is an embodiment of the invention intended specifically for banking and bookkeeping (accounting) applications, and therefore, for ease of understanding, the mode of operation of these embodiments will be described below. Although I have made extensive use of terminology specific to banks and bank account keeping, such devices can of course also be used for other purposes, and may vary geographically or Such devices are used when there is a need for the transfer of data between people who are distributed throughout the world, and when there is a need to bring all or part of this data back together to the same central authority. It is possible.

For banking applications, the electronic circuitry (memory, etc.) of the portable object is inaccessibly integrated into the portable object (so that it cannot be easily tampered with). .

These portable objects are, in particular, in the form of rectangular flat cards, in such a way that the electronic circuits cannot be accessed inside this card (in other words, it is not possible to access the electronic circuits without breaking them). (which is impossible), they are combined.

For this purpose, these electronic circuits are realized in particular in the form of electronic semiconductor microstructures (integrated circuits whose constituent molecules are barely discernible under a microscope and hidden in an opaque plastic resin). It is.

Of course, other mechanical or electrical methods can also be used.

The coupling means are the only elements that allow electrical or optical access to the electronic components contained within the card.

However, while such supplementary technical precautions are essential for preventing fraud attempts in the case of banking applications, they are essential for preventing fraud attempts in the case of other applications where there is no risk of fraud (
Note that this may be unnecessary.

Additionally, the monolithic semiconductor micromemory element of the hand conductor type (incorporated into the card) used in these embodiments can be programmed to have the properties of the seed bar. or reprogrammable type).

This kind of memory does not require energy from the side to memorize information, for example by using read-only memory.

On the other hand, representing information generally requires significant amounts of energy (several instantaneous watts).

For this reason, manufacturers guarantee a duration of memory action that is either infinite (in the case of programmable memories) or very long, ie on the order of several decades (in the case of reprogrammable memories).

Examples of this type of memory include the following types:

Burris 7620, Monolithic, Memories 6340
, Texas, Instrument 74S387, Intagil 5604; These unique elements are indelible (indestructible) and are of the fuse type or breakable type of junction.

Intel 1702 and National Semiconductor 52
03; These markings can be erased by exposure to ultraviolet light or an X-ray light source.

A capacity of 4096 bits is easily manufactured by hardened manufacturers, especially in the area of memory MO8 devices.

Modern methods of circuit interconnection of integrated circuit chips thus realize blocks of memory of 16 or 32 kilobits (4 or 8 chips) on an area of a few tens of square millimeters at little cost. make it possible.

In this way, such a block of storage elements can be divided into 2×60×
It can be included in a card that can have a size of 80 mm.

These semiconductor type monolithic elements are:
Compared to other memories (eg, magnetic "hand boxes", flexible disks, etc.), it presents considerable advantages.

In fact, such memory is more reliable, has a smaller size, does not require mechanical movements, is insensitive to magnetic fields, and is also less susceptible to imitation or violation (fraud). Anyone attempting to do so would have to initiate complex electronic means to change the state of the semiconductor-type memory).

These solid state circuit storage elements of the hand conductor type are therefore particularly suitable for use in the data storage and transfer system according to the invention.

It is particularly advantageous when these systems are applied to banks and bank account keeping.

Next, the first. Second. The transfer device (special device), more specifically, the transfer device used for distributing bank notes will be explained with reference to the third figures.

This system consists of two separate parts (these parts are
In service, it has an intermediate section (connected by a middle section represented by a mixed arrow).

That is, on the left hand side, it is preferable to carry non-supplied portable objects (for example rings, cards, pendants, fountain pens, etc.).

) exists. It incorporates several electronic circuits (for example realized using integrated circuit technology).

Such electronic circuits include storable and programmable solid state memory elements having integrated circuits.

Also on the right there is a special device (preferably a bank note dispenser or a register box within direct access at the point of sale).

In this latter case, in the debit operation described below,
No banknotes are supplied, but the information is entered in the merchant's record box so that the merchant can later obtain them from the ring holder's bank in the form of credit money or a check from the other party. It looks like this.

To make the explanation clear, the following description assumes that bank notes are distributed, but strictly speaking, this assumption is equivalent to the case where a record box is assumed and the electronic side.

The ring circuit contains an identification memory 40, a debit memory 50, and a credit memory 51.

This system allows the following operations during the same use:

1) In other words, identifying the holder of the ring.

This allows or denies permission for the next step to continue.

11) Read the document as a "creditor's permission" as necessary, and copy the total to be entered in the credit section of this document into the creditor's memory of the ring.

111) debiting the closing balance with the requested sum (this is only if the state of the ring holder's account allows this) and accounting for the gross amount of this sum; to manage.

1v) Recording this entire process on a support such as a semiconductor memory, a magnetic strip or disk, or a hand box.

This is for bookkeeping and/or possible later inspection.

Further, the operations that the ring holder should perform are as follows: 1) Introduce a credit authorization form into the reader 114 as necessary.

11) Press the identification secret number on the keyboard 31.

jlD Press the total to be debited on the keyboard 63 as necessary.

The order of these three operations is not particularly determined.

1) Next, introduce the corresponding raised part of the ring into the chamber provided on the tool box of the dispenser.

This operation (i.e., introducing the ring into the dispenser) is the last operation that the ring holder has to perform, and immediately after the completion of this operation, all the previously listed operations are carried out very quickly. It is done.

Almost instantaneously, the device finishes its operation and, depending on the selection of the ring holder and the status of his account, one of the following results is obtained: 1) on the display device 69; From the numerical display of the calculated remaining amount,
Account status is easily checked.

11) After introducing the total to be credited by the introduction of the credit authorization, the account status is checked.

This permission may be absorbed, 'erased or destroyed' after the sum to be credited has been entered into the ring's credit memory.
method is not shown).

111) After the introduction of credits and the manipulation of debits as balances by the distributor, the account status is checked.

After these two operations the new account status is mandatory positive or 01.

iV) After the operation of the debit side as the settlement balance by the distributor,
Account status is checked.

As in the previous case, a debit is only made when this corresponds to the positive or O status of the newly calculated balance.

For bookkeeping and/or possible later inspection, this entire process (initiated by the introduction of the ring into the distributor) requires the use of a magnetic strip or a magnetic device, a support such as a semiconductor memory, inside the distributor. remembered above.

To this end, conductors 90, 91 and 92 direct the information exchanged by the ring and the distributor towards a recording device 95 (designated ENR) while the distributor is in operation.

Similarly, a printing device 96 (designated IMF) is coupled in parallel to the recording device 95 in order to provide the ring holder with an inscription recording the operations performed.

The method described above, applied to bank note dispensers, can equally well be applied directly at the point of sale.

In this case, the ring holder can make a purchase, and the total amount due is not settled as a closing balance or by check, but simply as a debit to the buyer's ring. It is determined by the fact that the

Here, it is necessary to pay attention to the effectiveness of the printing device and recording elements 96 and 95.

These guides greatly simplify bookkeeping for sellers, allowing them to reconcile positions with banks without having to treat significant sums as closing balances.

In this case, the usual circuit of balances between the bank, the account holder, the seller and the bank is thus established (both It should be noted that, in each case, the account holder may be excluded (with identification of the account holder).

The working process of this device is as follows: 1) Supply of rings.

11) Activating multiplexer 38 to place the various circuit elements of the device on the overall steering route.

1ii) Activating one of the three memories (e.g. reading the identification secret number of FIG. 2).

iv) Two consecutive adder-subtractors 32 (A-8
/S) (eg, activation of adder 32).

■) Reading of previous credit.

V+) Indicate a new credit ■11) Reading the previous debit.

vi+i) Inscribing a new debit The bill dispensing device contains a force oscillator 150;
This oscillator provides power to the coil 151.

When the ring is inserted into the distributor, the primary helix 151 becomes the secondary helix 105 (the windings that make up the circuit of the ring are on the body).
is connected with.

This spiral is now connected to the rectifier assembly (dipole tube or diode 106 and non-capacitive electronic filter 106).
07) to apply continuous pressure or tension (to be applied to the various supply circuits of the ring).

Instead of such electromagnetic coupling, optical communication may also be used.

That is, the circuit elements 150 and 151 are replaced with light sources,
The coil 105 is replaced by a photovoltaic cell.

The connection between the ring and the distributor is made by connecting the ridge that the ring contains.
This is simply done by introducing it into a corresponding chamber provided on the toolbox of the distributor.

This introduction has the effect of closing the switch 27 (which constitutes the overall feeding device of the circuit of the banknote distributor, not shown) by mechanical pressure.

At the same time, a time switch or device is started and
A constant level signal 1 is applied to the first entrance of the gate or gate 0U41.

This level 1 is maintained long enough for successful identification of the ring holder.

At this time, the second entrance of the gate 0U41 (corresponding to the exit of the spring plate 42) is controlled by the vertical movement of the spring plate 42 (level 1 force f'
Note that it is placed in position 0 by (caused by passing through OU86 and appearing on top of its clear entrance).

If this test for identification or identification is successful (we will consider below under what conditions and what this causes), the feeding bond is
By the presence of level 1 on the second entrance of
It is maintained until the end of distributor operation.

On the other hand, when this signal is not present (meaning the licensee used the wrong identification number),
The presence of a zero level above the two inlets of gate 0U41 breaks the connection for supply.

That is, level 1 on the first inlet becomes zero again, and no level 1 is established on the second inlet, so no distributor can be used.

The device 28 can be implemented in practice by a professional.

It should be noted that the entire device described here is connected by positive logic elements.

■ Putting on the general maneuver route When logic level 1 appears at one of the two entrances of gate 0U41, this level passes through this gate to gate ET34 and, in parallel, to the ascending monostepping element 35. will be moved to

This rising monostep 35 (its steady state is denoted by 1 and O for each of its two exits) is activated by a stimulus of complementary value (the exit marked by 0) when the rising front at the entrance appears. Then, the exit represented by 1,1 sends O).

During the duration of the stimulus emitted by the monostepple 35, the exit marked ■ conveys a zero logic level onto the second population of the gate ET34.

This bolt thus remains locked.

A second outlet of the second pump/step 35 sends the positive stimulus to an arithmetic circuit or calculator 36 (demultiplexer 38).
(which is the guide)'s entrance (which is again placed at zero).

At the end of the delivery of the stimulus by the ascending monostaple 35, a stable state 1 appears at the exit point 1 of this ascending monostaple, which opens the bar ET 34.

This gate ET now passes the first stimulus supplied by the oscillator clock 33.

This stimulus is transmitted to the calculator 36 and the demultiplexer
38 to its initial position (the exit position marked 0 corresponds to conductor T160).

This stimulus is also transmitted to the entrance of the descending monostepper 31 at the same time.

This descending mono-stepple operates in the same way as the ascending mono-stepple 35, except that it (at the exit)
The difference is that the impulse is sent only to the descending front (at the inlet).

This impulse (positive on the exit marked 0 of conductor 37) passes through the demultiplexer 38 to its O
is conveyed to the exit represented by .

After this impulse, this part of the device becomes inactive until the appearance of the next stimulus emitted by the oscillator 33.

This cycle is then repeated in the same way as in the previous case.

That is, the calculator 36 moves the demultiplexer 38 from the exit represented by 0 to the exit represented by 1;
The next stimulus emitted by the oscillator clock 33 is delayed,
After being reshaped by the descending mono step 37, 1
Output (R of population of demultiplexer 38) represented by
Gl 61, again placed at global zero).

In this way, the operating cycles are continuously described for the states of the ten outlets of the multiplexer 38, of which the eight from the end are continuously given the same positive stimulus through the bolt 0U39. The overall clock conductor 16
Tell 2.

It should be noted that the condition of the outlet of multiplexer 38, denoted 9, is immediately followed by the condition of the outlet denoted O, in the circulation operation described above.

It is this part of the apparatus that provides the steering of the system during operation, as will be discussed later.

In addition to supplying the circuitry of the ring, the transmission of information between the ring and the distributor is carried out by an optical link between a light emitting diode or diode and a light diode or photodiode on the other side. It is done on one side in the same way as on the other side.

■ Reading of the identification secret number When a positive impulse appears at the exit O of the rising monostep 35, the logic level 1 is transmitted through the gate 0U 60 and the optical link 45 to the entrance again placed in the zero memory. , thereby allowing the first
A credit memory 50 and a debit memory 51 are wedged onto the page.

(Each page (thus, several parallel memory points can be understood in total).

Each of these corresponds to an impassable or passable state, depending on whether it is written or not, and whether it is irreversible or not.

). This level also includes a series of adder-subtractors 32
and 49 to the O position, and the calculator 47 to zero again.

On the other hand, the storage element 40 is shown on the first page by an unchanged level 1 (represented in FIG. 1 by a plus sign) above its entrance which is placed again in zero memory.
Permanent and wedged.

This is because this memory contains in principle and only one pre-written page for the duration of the life of the ring.

This ring contains the holder's identifying secret number (written at the time of creation of the account).

This secret code represents the bank as well as
It should be noted that it is contrived to represent the bearer of the ring (how this is done is not shown).

The ring memory 40 (FIG. 2) is permanently placed in the reading position by the presence of a zero level on its writing-reading entrance.

This also means closing the solid state switch 3 and inhibiting the latch or lattice 2.

The 8-bit calculator 1 consecutive from the lattice 2 serves the address of the memory (here it is the only destination, that of the first page).

For credit and debit memories, the passage from one page to the other takes place at the entrance R at the beginning of each clock cycle.
Stimulation at G161, i.e. descending monostep 88 (
This is done by an impulse delayed by 1 (which advances the address calculator 1 by one step).

The first impulse appearing on the conductor 16 as a conductor zeros the 4-bit calculator 6 (driving the output multiplexer 4) again and after being delayed by the descending monostaffle 88. , moves calculator 1 forward one step.

Upon its arrival, the clock stimulus detects the values of the various bits present on the output, from the bit of greatest weight to the bit of least weight, in a selected page from the memory module. do.

These pass through combiner 104 and are subsequently passed through adder -
It is transmitted to the subtractor 31.

This adder-subtractor posts the number X in binary form and in parallel by calculation.

This number X is sent to the input of comparator 30.

Above the other entrance of this comparator 30, a number 2 is already posted in the same form.

This number is transcoded (the method is not shown) from the identification number (previously pressed on the decimal keyboard 31 by the ring holder).
.

If g and e are equal, comparator 30 sends level 1 to the "preset" population of springboard 42 through gate ET85.

This springboard gates logic level 1 by its exit 0U
Move up and down while hitting the entrance of 41.

This ensures that the clock 33 is maintained after the time switch or device 28 is stopped.

The presence of gate ET 85 forces the ring holder to press its secret code within a predetermined period of time depending on the time of device 28 maintenance.

(2) Operation of the identification series adder-subtractor 32 (FIG. 3) In this case, the conductor 32 as a circuit element primarily functions as an adder.

This conductor is placed in the positive calculation position by the persistent presence of level 1 on the calculation-subtraction entrance, denoted C/D (indicated by a plus sign in Figure 1). Maintained.

This conductor essentially contains a 16-bit calculator-subtractor 11 (of which only 8 less significant bits are utilized here).

In this calculator-subtractor, in the presence of a bit of positive information originating from the memory 40 at the entrance of the gate ETIO, the gate ETIO
Through 14 the impulses originating from the oscillator 15 are guided.

Resetting to the global zero originating from the conductor 161, through the gate 0U16 and the springboard 13, closes the gate ET14 and places the 4-bit calculator 12 at zero again.

This calculator places multiplexer 9 in its inactive entry state, denoted by O.

The first impulse of the clock, by its action on the calculator 12, advances the multiplexer 9 by one step, moving it to its entry state 1 and moving the springboard 13 up and down.

This eliminates the prohibition at the entrance of gate ET14.

This gate allows the stimulation of the oscillator 15 to pass through.

This oscillator is 300 times faster than oscillator 33.

Before the second stimulus of the clock, the 128 impulses of the oscillator 15 pass through the gate ET10 and the 16
is introduced into the bit calculator-subtractor 11.

At the end of the 128th impulse, frequency divider 20 sends a logic level 1 onto the entry state represented by 1 of multiplexer 9.

This inhibits the gate ET14 through the gate 0U16 by the vertical movement of the spring board 13.

This system remains inactive until the appearance of the second stimulus of the clock, which places multiplexer 9 on its entry state, denoted by 2.
The previous cycle is repeated.

Subsequent information arriving on the gate 10 corresponds to reading the value of the bit in the column immediately below the bit of greatest weight (the second bit of the first page of memory 40).

In this way, the identification secret number is read out, translated into a stimulus number equal to its value, stably written into the conductor 11 as a binary code, and in parallel, the comparator 30 Conveyed above the entrance.

Figure 1. Valve 17 as a register (for removing the wedge at a series of inlets and parallel outlets) No. 3
Continuing from latch 18 and gate 0U19, the diagram shows, by logic level 1, as the end of the page:
Signals an unopened page (ie, where all its bits contain information 0 and nothing is written to it).

This zero detection device (denoted DZ) is not used here, but is used in the adder-subtractor 49.

(more on this later).

■ Reading of previous credit (FIG. 1) When a logic level 1 appears at the exit of comparator 30, this is passed through gate ET85.

(In-process 28 is theoretically not stopped yet).

This gate corresponds to a preset entrance (denoted PR) of the springboard 42.

This spring plate moves its outlet from zero level to level 1, so that until the end of the operation of the entire distributor,
Global clock operation is maintained.

This level 1 is transmitted to one entrance of bolt ET87,
As a result, this gate will remain open to traffic until the device's operation ends.

Conductors 50, 51, 49, 47, and thus 46 and 48, have already been placed back at O, as described above.

At the beginning of the global clock cycle following the cycle of identification of the ring bearer, the information contained in the credit memory 50 is processed in a process identical to the reading of the identification secret number during the first clock cycle. is introduced into the adder-subtractor chain 49 via the outlet S of the memory 50 and the connector 119.

That is, pages of memory 50 are linked 4 by impulses originating from the beginning of the subsequent clock cycle.
4 and moves to the conductor RGf61.

The sum of all credit values previously introduced into the credit memory (in the manner described below) stably appears in binary form at the exit of the adder-subtractor series 49. do.

This sum, after transcoding (not shown),
It is visualized on the bulletin board device 69.

This type of functionality is well known by experts.

The same caution regarding the inverse conversion is also true at the level of keys 31 and 63 in the decimal system.

During a credit read operation, a series of adder-subtractors 49
is the presence of logic level 1 at its entrance (decoder 4
It should be noted that the exit represented by O of 8 and through the gate 52) are in good calculation position.

After the value contained in the last written page of memory has arrived, the page read in subsequent clock cycles is an unread page.

This is passed through a logic level 1 (valve 17 (for de-wedging at the inlet and parallel outlet) in an adder-subtractor chain 49 to a zero detection outlet (denoted DZ). Fig. 3 is detected by the presence of .

The eight lattices 18 are at the beginning of the second clock cycle (
This is activated by the outlet T and the bolt N0N-OU19.

This level 1 inhibits the impulse of the clock RG 161 through the exit FIG.
Moreover, it is possible to write a new credit requested by the ring holder as necessary on the unopened page.

■ New credit notation The same zero-detection logic level 1 passes through gate 0U108, advances calculator 47 by one step, and as a result moves multiplexer 46 above the position of the entrance represented by 1. , and the decoder 48 is placed at the exit position represented by 1.

This keeps the adder-subtractor 49 in the position of positive calculations (logic level 1 on the other entrance of gate 0U52).
).

This same logic level 1 is conveyed through connection 57 to the representation-read entry of credit store 50.

As a result, this notation-reading entrance is (Lattice 2
By abolishing the address at the level of ), opening the hard-read switch 3 and unblocking the gate ET7, it is placed in the position indicated.

The subsequent entry of information into the page to be written then takes place through multiplexer 113 (FIG. (in the direction of the credit memory also via the connection 120 as a connector).

Multiplexer 113 is steered by calculator 115 (operated by a 1m physical clock).

The value of the total to be credited is entered on the first unopened page of the credit store 50 and is entered in the series of adder-subtractors 49.
The previously posted sum is added onto the posting conductor 69 through a 16-bit calculator-subtractor.

The end of the written page is detected by gate ET59.

Both entrances to this gate are at logic level 1 at this moment.

Its first inlet is the outlet (denoted 1) of the decoder 48 and its second inlet is the descending monostepper 140 (denoted 1).
Its role is precisely to detect the movement of the calculator 115 from the state A7 to the state AO), which is the most elevated weight outlet of the calculator 115.

When the new credit has been read and entered in the memory 50, the corresponding value is transferred by the credit note reader 114 to a logic level 1 (conveyed by conductor 93) on its entry designated E. ) is erased by its appearance (its direction is not shown).

The exit of gate ET59 (maintained at logic level 1) now places the credit and debit stores at 0 again through gate 0U60 and connection 45 and exits gate 0U108.
The calculator 47 is advanced by one step.

■ The new position of the previous debit reading calculator 47 places the multiplexer 46 in its entry state 2 (reading debit memory 151) and sets the exit represented by 2 of the decoder 48 to logic state 1. .

The exits of this decoder, designated 0°1 and 3, are at logic level O.

This places the adder-subtractor chain 49 in a subtractive position due to the presence of level 0 on the person DC/D.

The reading of the previous debit is now carried out through connection 1.22 as previously done in the credit memory 50.

The numbers representing these debit sums are subtracted from the numbers already entered in binary notation in the 16-bit calculator-subtractor of the adder-subtractor series 49.

In other words, it is subtracted from the number previously posted on the bulletin board 69.

The first unopened page of debit memory is processed by the gate ET109 into a logic level 1 series adder-subtractor (hereinafter A-8).
-8) 49 and is present on its exit DZ, it is detected.

Note that when this information appears, the AS-849 exit is in a stable binary representation of the number.

This corresponds to the following operations.

x = (total of previous credits) + (new credits) - (total of previous debits) This value X is always positive even if the new credits are zero.

Assuming that the previous calculated balance was zero and the new credit notation is zero, the value X will of course also be zero.

This is an extreme case.

The total value to be debited by the dispenser if necessary (pressed by the ring holder on the keyboard 63 in decimal notation before introducing the ring into the dispenser) is In its original form Y, it is compared with X by binary comparator 110.

When the outlet of the decoder 48, denoted 3, is set to logic level 1, this is caused by the last up-and-down movement of the calculator 47 (which is caused by the logic level l arriving through the gate 108 at the exit of the gate 109). occurs when
A logic level equal to 1 is created on the only exit of .

At this time, the calculator 115 (which commands or controls the successive entry states of the multiplexer 116) is again zeroed when the calculator 47 rests on its last state, and the distributor It is in the debit position.

■ Indication of New Debit The multiplexer 46 located at the entrance position, denoted by 3, is in communication with the debit memory 51 via link 124 for the indication of the new debit.

This new debit value is subtracted by A-8-849 in the same way as before, simultaneously in a stable binary representation, and is reduced in the bulletin board 69.

The rising monostepper 81 plays the same role for the debit memory 51 as it plays for the credit memory 50.

In other words, it should be noted that memory entries are best performed on the first detected unopened page, and not on subsequent pages (which are also unopened pages). be.

On the other hand, the exit, denoted 3, of the decoder 48, which is at logic level 1, puts the debit memory 51 in the indicated position (via connection 123 during this last operating period of the device).

At the end of this period, the global stop command is activated by the up and down movement of the springboard JK42 (due to the presence of logic level 1 (resulting from the release of the gate ET111) through the gate 0U86 at its clearing entrance '2). caused by

This phylum ET111 descends into its population monostep 14
Passage is enabled by the presence of a positive stimulus from the exit represented by O (which acts in the same way as at the end of the entry of a new credit into memory 50).

The banknote issuance operation (not shown) is performed simultaneously with the operation of writing a new debit in the debit memory 51.

Consistent with the total, the total amount is previously entered by the ring holder on the keyboard 93 in decimal notation;
As mentioned earlier, it has teeth.

The method of transducer connection for supplying the force from the special device to the ring is shown in FIG. 1 and has been chosen to ensure electrical current insulation.

Transducer number 2105 is constituted by coils 151 and 105, in cooperation, but filter 107
(gives continuous and constant supply tension, at its outlet).

This filter is not a container type due to concerns about miniaturization.

The capacitance for classical filters cannot be made small enough compared to other electronic conductors.

Such supply communication can also be realized by an optical link between a light source contained in the above-mentioned special device and a photovoltaic cell contained in the portable object. ,
In this way, galvanic insulation is ensured (desirable in order to avoid completely short circuits that risk destroying the memory contained within the ring).

Moreover, such an optical connection can be employed in the same capacity as any other optical connection selected for the circulation of logical levels of information between the device and the ring.

These three memories (the operation of which has been described above) are in principle of the same type, namely of the integrated circuit type.

These memories evolve in response to demand, and
It shows the property of being written irreversibly (with the exception of certain types of memories that can be erased by appropriate processing rather than by chance).

These memories have approximately 100 times greater capacity (in terms of surface area) than the magnetic memories commonly used for this type of application, and are also easier to read and write to, as well as It has the advantage of flexibility (because it does not need to be in close proximity to the reader).

These memory addresses are realized electronically, thus using simple conductors instead of elaborate, expensive and less reliable electromechanical devices.

Moreover, this number of conductors can be reduced by known multiplexer methods.

Among the memory groups having such integrated circuits, non-volatile memories are preferentially selected.

The bulletin board 69 provides easy visualization by the appearance of glowing numbers, but it can also be replaced by a printing device.

This printing device can, moreover, branch out in parallel above its entrance, so that the holder of the ring can perform the reading operation (performed by a special device during the actuation process mentioned earlier). You can save the written notes.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram summarizing the principle of the data transfer system, and this diagram will be explained next.

The payment card 201 has a programmable, semiconductor-type memory 202 [control circuit or steering circuit and coupling means 2
03 (particularly in the form of a male conductor).

This card contains as a memory identification data of the payer (in particular his secret code, the number of his account at the bank), a list of various credit operations, a list of various debit operations, etc.

A special device 204 (located at the point of sale) connects the coupling means 20
5 (in the form of a female conductor comb in lj).

This coupling means should accept the coupling means 203 of the card.

The special device 204 also has a reading means 206 and a writing means 207 (also called a memory programmer).

These means serve, respectively, to read the contents of the card and to fill the card with new data (in particular the results of processing).

These reading means 206 and writing means 207 are connected to coupling means 205 of the special device.

The reading means 206 and the filling means 207 are also coupled to a visualization guide 209, which makes it possible to check the transfer of data between the card and the special device.

The entry means 207 also include an input device 210 (e.g. a control or control keyboard), which makes it possible to introduce into the card the data that should appear in the card (in particular the total value of the figurines made). are combined.

The reading means 206 includes a control keyboard 211 (identification comparator 2
12).

These measures rely, on the one hand, on the payer's confidential identification data (
appears on his card) with the covert code introduced by the payer directly into the special device via the incoming device 211 (for example, a control keyboard), and on the other hand, the identification data and If the secret code comparison is positive,
Serves as an authorization for the operation of other means of special equipment.

Note that the special device 204 includes a processing means 213 (coupled with the reading means 206 and the writing means 207).

This processing means 213 is responsible for performing several operations on the data transferred between the card and the special device.

In particular, the following operations are carried out by this means: Old calculated balance - (total of credits) - (sum of debits) New calculated balance = old calculated balance - total amount of purchases Furthermore, the special device 20
4 contains recording means 208 (coupled with reading means and writing means).

This recording means 208 is transferred between the special device and the card so that, after the payer has withdrawn the card, the merchant can keep for himself a record of the transaction that has taken place. It plays the role of recording all or part of data.

Some of the measures mentioned above in this banking application of the system according to the invention are only essential within the scope of such banking application.

A general data transfer system that can be derived from these individual implementations is shown in FIG.

Here, conductors and means that are the same as those described above are represented by the same symbols.

This system consists of: 1) On the one hand, several independent recording special devices;

(Distributed in geographically defined locations.

) (Only 204a is shown in FIG. 5.

)11) On the other hand, multiple independent display devices.

(Distributed in geographically defined locations.

) (Only 204b is shown in FIG. 5.

) 111) Additionally, a plurality of electronic portable objects.

(Only 201 is shown in FIG. 5.

) This portable object contains:

(1) A memory 202 coupled to the steering circuit 202a. This memory has irreversibly programmable recording sections.

This is preferably a non-supplied solid state record of the semiconductor type and is preferably integrated inside the portable object to prevent access.

(11) Coupling means 203° This makes it possible to arbitrarily and temporarily couple the portable object and the special recording device 204a.

Additionally, the special recording device contains the following: (1)
A means 206 for reading the memory contents of the portable object when the portable object is coupled with the recording device (11) A means 208 for recording the memory contents of the portable object connected to the reading means 206; It contains an entry means 207 for entering data into the programmable memory of the portable object when the portable object is coupled to the marking device via the coupling means 203 and 205. This is what makes it possible.

A control keyboard 210 combined with the entry means 207 makes it possible to introduce into the card the data to appear on the card.

The notation device 204b is only essential if the system is intended to transfer data in the memory of a portable object.

Similarly, it is only in this case that it is necessary to provide a memory 202 containing programmable or reprogrammable recording sections.

As shown in FIG. 6, the recording device and the notation device are preferably coupled and combined within the same specialized device 204.

Next, another embodiment of the relocation system will be explained with reference to FIG.

(This figure shows the structure of the recording means according to the invention.

) This figure includes most of the conductors mentioned in FIG. 5, which are indicated by the same symbols (eg, customer's card 201, notation device 204 b.

recording device 2043, etc.).

In this embodiment of the invention, the recording means 208 consists of the following leads: 1) On the one hand, a separate portable object 219 (e.g.
card).

It contains a read-only memory or memory 218 (coupled to steering circuit 218a and coupled to coupling means 217) which can be programmed as required.

11) On the other hand (in the recording special device 204a) the writing means 215° are connected to the reading means 206 and to the combining means 216.

(This coupling means 216 is connected to the coupling means 21 of the card 219.
7).

These entry means serve to write the data read by the memory 202 of the card 201 into the memory of the card 219. All or part of the data transferred to the recording device 204a can be stored in a form that can be easily transported.

This card 219 can be read in other devices containing reading means (eg other writing devices).

The notation device 204b (which is essential only for some applications) writes new data into the card 1 (when this card contains a programmable memory indicating the recording section) or into the card 219. It allows you to write inside.

This marking device can be placed at any suitable location where markings are to be made.

It is clear that the recording means 208 described in FIGS. 4 and 6 can be realized as described for the embodiment shown in FIG.

In particular, a device 204 (described in FIG. 4) located at a merchant's office may contain such recording means 208.

Thus, the customer's bank account number and purchase amount are automatically recorded on the merchant card used by the merchant.

Such merchant cards serve as the de facto link between the point of sale and the bank.

On each round trip between the point of sale and the bank, the bank (for example by means of a reading device coupled to a central computer)
The contents of this memory are grasped, and the various payers' banks (thus, the total amount of the various purchases are paid in) are entered on the credit side of the merchant's account.

Additionally, new data can be brought from the bank to the point of sale in the merchant card.

For example, an implemented list of customer card numbers threatens bank facing purposes.

This system of customer and merchant cards allows the exchange of data between geographically dispersed customers and merchants, without telephone contact and in the language of information, and towards a central authority, i.e. the bank. It is possible to do so.

Next, FIG. 8 will be explained.

This figure shows a more general processing system.

Here, all cards are the same and the distinction between customer and merchant is abolished.

The device 230 has two entrances 231 for cards A and B.
and 232, a total amount selector 233 (e.g., with a "loop of codes"), and an operation selector 234.

This operation selector makes it possible to select either of the following operations: A pays B, or A pays B.

Processing occurs when the two parties press buttons 235 and 236 at the same time.

In this case, the gate 237 is made conductive and the starting conductor 2
38 is postsexualized.

This device has two secret keyboards 239 and 2 as required.
40.

These keyboards are used to identify card holders A and B.

Such a device is designed to be invincible and can be installed at any location where processing is to be carried out, thus making it possible to eliminate any settlement balance.

Each card holder proves possession of a certain amount (e.g. automatic salary transfer) and in advance deposits this amount on his card, e.g.
do that for me.

This card is then "decharged" in small increments according to the expenditures he makes with machine 230.

Conversely, when he receives more money on the card than he has spent, he can similarly "empty" the card at the bank, thus increasing his account (e.g. merchant ) is entered in the loan section.

Other types of data besides numbers can, of course, also be exchanged by such card systems, in particular, for example, in the scope of personal health records or in the scope of point supervision systems (respectively). (The point is equipped with a memory reader/programmer), and data using both alphabetical and numerical order is adopted.

Below, various embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated.

1 A system for transferring data between a first and a second human population, each person of said human population being in a dispersed area, and wherein said system: Possessed by each person in each human population, each said portable electronic device has a first
a plurality of independent data transfer devices disposed at one primary location, each comprising a data memory means comprising an area and a second area for storing transferred data or data to be transferred; The data transfer device is the first data transfer device.
a temporarily operable coupling means to be connected to both a first portable device associated with a person of the human population and a second portable device associated with a person of the second human population; and further comprising means for reading and/or writing in said second area of both portable devices, said memory means being an integrated circuit device with associated memory access means. a permanent storage device, said memory means comprising a plurality of programmable storage sections, said system comprising: writing and/or writing in at least one certain memory section of said first and second portable devices;
or including prohibition means for preventing reading, said portable device of the second human group being unrelated to the person of the first human group, and each data transfer device having, in addition to means for checking identification; , comprising joint writing means for corresponding data, e.g. debits and credits of equal amounts, in two respective blank memory sections of said two portable devices, these blank memory sections being addressed in each data transfer device and , writes are prohibited in the other memory section I, thereby allowing the transfer of data, data of special value, between humans of the first human population and humans of the second human population; characterized by.

In the system according to item 1, each recording means of the recording device comprises, on the one hand, an entry means located inside the recording device and, on the other hand, at least one other independent portable object, this object comprising: having a recording section that can be programmed as a memory, and an externally accessible coupling means connected to this memory that allows a portable object to be temporarily coupled at will with the entry means of the recording means; , a storage control circuit connected between the storage and the coupling means, the storage and control circuit being realized in the form of a logical microstructure.

3. The system according to item 1 or 2 is characterized by additionally containing several independent marking devices distributed in geographically determined locations, and
The memory of the portable object has a recording section as a system intended to allow each person belonging to a group to receive the data of all persons belonging to a second group, and vice versa; This division serves to store the data to be transferred in an easily transportable form, and the coupling means of the portable object optionally temporarily couple this portable object with the above-mentioned marking device. (The above-mentioned marking device contains an entry means which, when the portable object is coupled with the marking device, makes it possible to record the memory of the portable object. A device characterized in that it allows data to be written inside.

4 Said No. 1. As the system described in item 2 or 3,
The portable object is characterized in that its memory is a memory element that does not receive power supply.

5. The system according to item 4 above, characterized in that the memory of the portable object is integrated in such a way that it cannot be brought close to the inside of the portable object.

6 Said No. 2. Third. The device according to item 4 or 5, characterized in that the recording device and the notation device are connected and combined in the same transfer device.

7 Said No. 1. Second. Third. 4th. As a system according to paragraphs 5 or 6, each of the electronic portable objects intended to transfer data in a covert manner has one programmable memory (one-time programmed identification). and each recording device and/or notation device contains an identification comparator, which comparator is contained in said other memory. The identification data is compared with the data introduced into the recording device and/or indicia by the holder of the portable object, and when a match is found between the compared data, the recording device and/or indicia characterized in that it allows other means of the device to be activated.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall operation of a transfer device used for distributing bank notes as an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an embodiment of a memory having an integrated circuit; 3 is a schematic diagram of a series of adders-subtractors; FIG. 4 is a block diagram summarizing the principle of the data transfer system of FIG. 1; and FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of the data transfer system. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the data transfer system; FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram in the form of a block diagram showing another embodiment of the data transfer system. , FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the data transfer and exchange system of the present invention as applied to banking transactions between two people. 1.6... Calculator, 2... Lattice,
4,9゜46...Multiplexer-111...
...Calculator-subtractor, 13...Springboard, 1
6...Conductor, 28...Times inch, 30...Comparator, 31,32゜149...
... Adder-subtractor, 33 ... Oscillator, 3
4...gate, 35...mono stepple, 3
6...Total i machine, 37...Monostaple, 38...Demultiplexer-39...
・Gate, 40... Memory element, 41... Gate, 42... Springboard, 47... Calculator,
48...Decoder, 49...Adder-
Subtractor, 50... Credit memory, 51...
Debit memory, 63...Keyboard, 162...
Holistic clock conductor.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A system for transferring data between a first and a second human population, each person of said human population being in a dispersed area, said system comprising: a plurality of portable Each of the electronic devices is in the possession of each person in each of the human groups, and each of the portable electronic devices has a
a plurality of independent data transfer devices arranged at predetermined locations, comprising a data memory means comprising an area and a second area for storing transferred data or data to be transferred; A data transfer device is temporarily connected to both a first portable device associated with a human of said first human population and a second portable device associated with a human of said second human population. 2. A system comprising: a coupling means operable in said second region of both portable devices; said memory means together with associated memory access means; a permanent storage device that is an integrated circuit device, the memory means comprising a plurality of programmable storage sections, and the system is configured to write and write in at least one certain memory section of the first and second portable devices; /
or including prohibition means for preventing reading, said portable device of the second human group being unrelated to the person of the first human group, and each data transfer device having, in addition to means for checking identification; , comprising joint writing means for corresponding data, e.g. debits and credits of equal amounts, in two respective blank memory sections of said two portable devices, these blank memory sections being addressed in each data transfer device and , writing in the other's memory section is prohibited, thereby allowing the transfer of data, data of special value, between the humans of the first human population and the humans of the second human population. A data transfer/exchange system.