JPS5030223A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS5030223A JPS5030223A JP8072373A JP8072373A JPS5030223A JP S5030223 A JPS5030223 A JP S5030223A JP 8072373 A JP8072373 A JP 8072373A JP 8072373 A JP8072373 A JP 8072373A JP S5030223 A JPS5030223 A JP S5030223A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8072373A JPS5030223A (fr) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8072373A JPS5030223A (fr) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5030223A true JPS5030223A (fr) | 1975-03-26 |
Family
ID=13726269
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8072373A Pending JPS5030223A (fr) | 1973-07-20 | 1973-07-20 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5030223A (fr) |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56132102A (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-10-16 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Apparatus and method of controlling hybrid car |
JPS56145702A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-11-12 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Controller for hybrid vehicle |
JPH08295140A (ja) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-11-12 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド型車両 |
JPH0946820A (ja) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-14 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 車両用駆動装置の制御装置 |
JPH09505786A (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 1997-06-10 | アーベーベー・ヘンシェル・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | レール式動力ユニット |
JPH09156387A (ja) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-17 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド車両 |
EP0829387A2 (fr) | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif de fourniture de puissance et méthode pour sa commande |
US5735770A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-04-07 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Control system for vehicular drive unit |
EP0838359A2 (fr) | 1996-05-20 | 1998-04-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil d'entraínement et méthode de régulation associée |
EP0839683A2 (fr) | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Système d'entrainement, commande de moteur et méthode pour contrÔler le système d'entraînement et le moteur |
JPH10224910A (ja) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動制御装置 |
EP0867323A2 (fr) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-09-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gestion de la distribution d'énergie dans un véhicule hybride |
US5818116A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1998-10-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Starting control apparatus for internal combustion engine and method of the same |
JPH1141709A (ja) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-02-12 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド車両 |
FR2768666A1 (fr) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-03-26 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Dispositif generateur de puissance et procede pour controler l'arret du moteur principal dans un tel dispositif |
US5904631A (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1999-05-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dual electric motor drive with planetary gearing |
US5907191A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-05-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same |
US5934395A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1999-08-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hybrid vehicle drive system having two motor/generator units and engine starting means |
US5967940A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-10-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for reducing backlash sound in gear mechanism |
JPH11301291A (ja) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-11-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 変速装置及びそれを用いた車両並びに自転車 |
US5993169A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1999-11-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil pressure generator having at least two coaxial rotating power sources and power output apparatus |
JP2000013909A (ja) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-01-14 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | ハイブリッド駆動システム |
WO2000026053A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Boite de vitesses hybride, notamment pour automobiles |
US6087734A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 2000-07-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus, method of controlling power output apparatus, and driving system with power output apparatus incorporated therein |
JP2001001773A (ja) * | 1995-12-05 | 2001-01-09 | Equos Research Co Ltd | ハイブリッド車両 |
EP0953467A3 (fr) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-03-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif de transmission de puissance pour véhicule automobile |
US6208034B1 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2001-03-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output device and control method of the power output device and hybrid vehicle driven by the power output device |
US6396165B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2002-05-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine start control system |
JP2003191759A (ja) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド車両用駆動装置 |
JP2003237392A (ja) * | 2002-12-03 | 2003-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 動力出力装置およびハイブリッド車両並びにその制御方法 |
JP2004066898A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-03-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動装置並びにそれを搭載した自動車 |
US6886648B1 (en) | 1999-01-13 | 2005-05-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output device, hybrid vehicle, and method of controlling them |
JP2005119573A (ja) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド車両 |
JP2005132365A (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2005-05-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動装置並びにそれを搭載した自動車 |
WO2005064199A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif d'entrainement pour vehicule, procede de commande de ce dispositif et dispositif de commande de ce dispositif |
WO2005080112A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Contrôleur d’appareil de conduite pour automobiles |
WO2005106290A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Unite de commande de transmission pour vehicule |
US7081060B2 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2006-07-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power transmission system |
JP2006327583A (ja) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-12-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両用駆動装置 |
US7239033B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2007-07-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive apparatus for hybrid vehicle |
JP2011179668A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 動力伝達装置及びハイブリッド駆動装置 |
WO2011128998A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Dispositif d'entraînement de véhicule |
US9387754B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-07-12 | Hyundai Motor Company | Transmission system of hybrid electric vehicle |
US9809104B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2017-11-07 | Hyundai Motor Company | Transmission system of hybrid electric vehicle |
-
1973
- 1973-07-20 JP JP8072373A patent/JPS5030223A/ja active Pending
Cited By (73)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6227603B2 (fr) * | 1980-02-20 | 1987-06-16 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | |
JPS56132102A (en) * | 1980-02-20 | 1981-10-16 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Apparatus and method of controlling hybrid car |
JPS56145702A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-11-12 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Controller for hybrid vehicle |
JPS6227604B2 (fr) * | 1980-03-12 | 1987-06-16 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | |
JPH09505786A (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 1997-06-10 | アーベーベー・ヘンシェル・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | レール式動力ユニット |
JPH08295140A (ja) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-11-12 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド型車両 |
JPH0946820A (ja) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-14 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 車両用駆動装置の制御装置 |
US5934395A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1999-08-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hybrid vehicle drive system having two motor/generator units and engine starting means |
US6087734A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 2000-07-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus, method of controlling power output apparatus, and driving system with power output apparatus incorporated therein |
USRE38790E1 (en) | 1995-11-14 | 2005-09-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus, method of controlling power output apparatus, and driving system with power output apparatus incorporated therein |
JPH09156387A (ja) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-17 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド車両 |
JP2001001773A (ja) * | 1995-12-05 | 2001-01-09 | Equos Research Co Ltd | ハイブリッド車両 |
US5735770A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-04-07 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Control system for vehicular drive unit |
US5818116A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1998-10-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Starting control apparatus for internal combustion engine and method of the same |
EP0838359A2 (fr) | 1996-05-20 | 1998-04-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil d'entraínement et méthode de régulation associée |
US6131680A (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2000-10-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same |
US5993169A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1999-11-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil pressure generator having at least two coaxial rotating power sources and power output apparatus |
US5904631A (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1999-05-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dual electric motor drive with planetary gearing |
US6005297A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1999-12-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same |
CN1064907C (zh) * | 1996-09-13 | 2001-04-25 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 动力输出设备及控制该设备的方法 |
EP0829387A2 (fr) | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif de fourniture de puissance et méthode pour sa commande |
US5907191A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-05-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same |
EP1122112A2 (fr) | 1996-10-29 | 2001-08-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Commande de coupure moteur dans un véhicule hybride parallèle |
US6278195B1 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2001-08-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus, engine controller, and methods of controlling power output apparatus and engine |
EP0839683A2 (fr) | 1996-10-29 | 1998-05-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Système d'entrainement, commande de moteur et méthode pour contrÔler le système d'entraînement et le moteur |
JPH10224910A (ja) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動制御装置 |
EP1529674A2 (fr) | 1997-03-24 | 2005-05-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gestion de la distribution d'énergie dans un véhicule hybride |
EP0867323A2 (fr) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-09-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Gestion de la distribution d'énergie dans un véhicule hybride |
US5991683A (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-11-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output apparatus and method of controlling the same |
JPH1141709A (ja) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-02-12 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ハイブリッド車両 |
US5967940A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-10-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for reducing backlash sound in gear mechanism |
US6161640A (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2000-12-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output device and method of stopping prime mover in the power output device |
DE19843925B4 (de) * | 1997-09-25 | 2016-01-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Kraftabgabeeinrichtung und Verfahren für das Stoppen einer Antriebsmaschine in der Kraftabgabeeinrichtung |
FR2768666A1 (fr) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-03-26 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Dispositif generateur de puissance et procede pour controler l'arret du moteur principal dans un tel dispositif |
JPH11301291A (ja) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-11-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 変速装置及びそれを用いた車両並びに自転車 |
US6328670B1 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 2001-12-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power transmission apparatus for an automobile |
US6440036B2 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 2002-08-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power transmission apparatus for an automobile |
US6692405B2 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 2004-02-17 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power transmission apparatus for an automobile |
EP0953467A3 (fr) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-03-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif de transmission de puissance pour véhicule automobile |
JP2000013909A (ja) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-01-14 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | ハイブリッド駆動システム |
US6208034B1 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2001-03-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output device and control method of the power output device and hybrid vehicle driven by the power output device |
US6396165B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2002-05-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine start control system |
WO2000026053A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-03 | 2000-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Boite de vitesses hybride, notamment pour automobiles |
US6558283B1 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2003-05-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybrid transmission, especially for motor vehicles |
US6886648B1 (en) | 1999-01-13 | 2005-05-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power output device, hybrid vehicle, and method of controlling them |
US7081060B2 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2006-07-25 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power transmission system |
US7239033B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2007-07-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive apparatus for hybrid vehicle |
US7582980B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2009-09-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive apparatus for hybrid vehicle |
JP2003191759A (ja) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド車両用駆動装置 |
US7255186B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2007-08-14 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Hybrid drive system and vehicle equipped therewith |
KR100996132B1 (ko) | 2002-08-02 | 2010-11-23 | 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 | 하이브리드 구동장치 및 이를 탑재한 자동차 |
JP2004066898A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-03-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動装置並びにそれを搭載した自動車 |
JP2003237392A (ja) * | 2002-12-03 | 2003-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 動力出力装置およびハイブリッド車両並びにその制御方法 |
JP2005119573A (ja) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド車両 |
CN102166950A (zh) * | 2003-12-26 | 2011-08-31 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 车辆用驱动系统以及控制该车辆用驱动系统的方法和装置 |
US7941259B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2011-05-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicular drive system |
US7848858B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2010-12-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicular drive system |
WO2005064199A1 (fr) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif d'entrainement pour vehicule, procede de commande de ce dispositif et dispositif de commande de ce dispositif |
US7822524B2 (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2010-10-26 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicular drive system |
US7252619B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2007-08-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control device for vehicular drive system |
WO2005080112A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Contrôleur d’appareil de conduite pour automobiles |
KR100851265B1 (ko) | 2004-02-25 | 2008-08-08 | 도요다 지도샤 가부시끼가이샤 | 차량 구동 시스템의 제어 장치 |
US7513847B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2009-04-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control device for vehicular drive system |
US7396316B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2008-07-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control device for vehicular drive system |
WO2005106290A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Unite de commande de transmission pour vehicule |
JP2005132365A (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2005-05-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | ハイブリッド駆動装置並びにそれを搭載した自動車 |
JP2006327583A (ja) * | 2006-06-15 | 2006-12-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両用駆動装置 |
JP2011179668A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 動力伝達装置及びハイブリッド駆動装置 |
WO2011128998A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Dispositif d'entraînement de véhicule |
CN102292232A (zh) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-12-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 车辆的驱动装置 |
JP5177235B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-14 | 2013-04-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の駆動装置 |
US9809104B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2017-11-07 | Hyundai Motor Company | Transmission system of hybrid electric vehicle |
US9387754B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-07-12 | Hyundai Motor Company | Transmission system of hybrid electric vehicle |