JPH1161855A - Process for constructing underground space - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process of constructing an underground space, which is excellent in economical efficiency and workability by reducing labor and costs required for sheathing for protecting an excavated surface. SOLUTION: A steel box 11 composed of an inner steel sheet 13, an outer steel sheet 12, a widthwise opening stopping steel sheet 14 interposed between the steel sheets 13, 12 and having an opening 17 through which concrete can be placed, is continuously laid along an excavated surface so as to serve as sheathing material, and concrete is placed into the thus laid steel box 11 so as to form an integral underground concrete wall 21. Then, a floor slab 22 and a ceiling slab are formed being connected to the wall 21 so as to form an underground space.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of constructing an underground space, and more particularly to a method of constructing an underground space suitable for constructing a simple underground space such as a basement.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, construction for constructing underground spaces such as basements has been increasing in urban areas and the like where land prices are high, due to an increasing demand for advanced use of sites. , Its demand is increasing.

[0003] Such an underground space, particularly in the case of a private house, is required to be constructed inexpensively and quickly in a narrow site, and the concrete and steel members are used instead of the cast-in-place concrete method. The mainstream is shifting to the prefabricated method.

[0004] Further, according to these construction methods,
After excavating the ground and installing earth retaining material covering the excavated surface to protect the excavated surface, work of assembling a formwork, placing concrete, or assembling a prefabricated member is performed. In the case of a natural underground space, the excavation depth of such a ground is as shallow as several meters, so that H steel horizontal sheet piles or lightweight steel sheet piles are used as soil retaining materials.

[0005]

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional underground space construction method, there is room for improvement in terms of economy and workability. Particularly, H steel horizontal sheet piles and lightweight steel sheet piles are temporarily installed. Since it is used as a member and should be removed after the completion of the underground space, it is important to reduce the labor and cost of installation and removal work.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and reduces the labor and cost required for earth retaining work for protecting an excavated surface, and constructs an underground space excellent in economy and workability. It is intended to provide a construction method.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, and the gist of the invention is to provide an inner iron plate, an outer iron plate, and such that a predetermined distance is maintained between them. An iron box consisting of an interposed, plate-shaped iron member for width stop with an opening through which concrete can flow is continuously installed along the excavated surface as a retaining material, and concrete is poured into the installed iron box. Forming an integrated ferro-concrete underground wall covering the excavated surface, and thereafter connecting to the ferro-concrete underground wall to form a floor slab and a ceiling slab. .

According to the method of constructing an underground space according to the present invention, an iron box manufactured in a factory or the like is erected and installed along the excavated surface on which the excavation operation has been completed.

Here, the iron box comprises an inner iron plate, an outer iron plate, and a plate-like iron member for stopping the width. The plate-like iron member for stopping the width is made of, for example, an expanded metal, an iron plate, a continuous folding plate. Iron-concrete to be formed by forming a hole in a plate-like or planar iron member or steel member such as a bent steel thin plate, angle iron plate, channel iron plate, etc. It has a width equivalent to the thickness of the basement wall,
By arranging them in parallel so as to extend in the vertical direction, it can withstand the earth pressure, the external pressure from the support member, or the internal pressure due to the concrete cast inside, and the distance between the inner iron plate and the outer iron plate Is configured to be held firmly.

[0010] In addition, such a work of installing the iron box can be easily performed by using various types of heavy equipment, and if necessary, the bottom of the iron box is pushed into the excavated ground, and the iron box is put into a predetermined position. And then firmly fixed using a supporting material such as a pipe support, for example.

The adjacent iron boxes can be easily and continuously integrated by pressing and joining the joint plates along the connecting portions on the surfaces of the inner iron plate and the outer iron plate, for example, and welding them.

[0012] Then, when an iron box is continuously installed along the excavated surface so as to cover the entire circumference thereof, the work of casting concrete into the inside using the iron box as a formwork is performed. Since the member has an opening through which concrete can flow, the poured concrete is filled by flowing easily over the entire circumference of the continuously installed iron box. And the iron concrete underground wall integrated with the iron box is formed.

That is, according to the present invention, an iron box is used as a hollow earth retaining material, and concrete is poured into the steel box to form an underground wall. Highly economical underground walls can be easily formed.

Further, when the concrete is hardened, only the supporting material for supporting and fixing the iron box is removed as a temporary member, and is connected to the ferro-concrete basement wall to form a floor slab and a ceiling slab. Space will be built.

[0015]

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to this embodiment, as an example, the underground room 10 is adopted as an underground space in the premises of a private house. First, as shown in FIG. , And the steel box 11 is continuously installed along the excavated surface as soil retaining material.

[0016] Such excavation work can be easily performed by using a heavy excavator such as a back fork.
The installation work of the steel box 11 can be easily performed by building the steel box 11 at a predetermined position using various types of heavy lifting machines, pressing the steel box 11 from above, and pushing the bottom of the steel box 11 into the excavated ground.

Here, the steel box 11 has a height of, for example, 2.8.
m, a steel plate having a length of about 2 m as the outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 13, and a middle steel plate 14 as a plate-like iron member for width stop having a width of about 20 cm between the steel plates. The box 11 is formed in a box shape by sandwiching a plurality of pieces in a sandwich shape so as to extend in the vertical direction in the standing state, and an end steel plate 15 is provided at both ends in the standing state (FIG. 2). ), And a bottom steel plate 16 is attached to the bottom. The outer steel plate 12 is assembled to be higher than the inner steel plate 13 by the thickness of a ceiling slab 23 described later.

The medium steel plate 14 and the end steel plate 1
5 has a plurality of circular openings 17 formed in a plurality of steps. The openings 17 serve as holes for concrete, and the concrete can be easily inserted into the entire inside of the steel box 11 without being interrupted by the medium steel plates 14. In addition to being able to be filled, the circular opening 17 is also formed in the end steel plate 15, so that the opening 17 of the end steel plate 15 of the adjacent steel box 11 matches, and concrete can be distributed. Thus, the continuity of the concrete poured into the adjacent steel boxes 11 is easily maintained.

Before being carried into the construction site, such a steel box 11 has a strength enough to withstand the earth pressure, the external pressure from the support member, or the internal pressure due to the concrete cast inside in a factory or the like. , Which will be assembled and manufactured in advance, for example, for the outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 13,
The work of assembling the middle steel plate 14, the end steel plate 15, the bottom steel plate 16 and the like is, for example, bending the middle steel plate 14 into a U-shape,
The outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 1 are provided via the side piece portions 18.
3 can be easily joined by bolts 19 or by hook bolts or welding.

It is to be noted that the middle steel plate 14 is bent in a cono shape, and the side piece 18 is formed into the outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 1.
The steel box 11 is assembled in such a manner that the steel box 11 is brought into contact with the inner surface of the steel plate 3 to stably support the earth pressure and the external pressure from the support member, and firmly maintain the interval between the outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 13. You can do it.

Further, the steel box 11 located at the corner of the excavation surface
For example, as the outer steel plate 12 and the inner steel plate 13, those bent according to the angles of the corners are used, and assembled as the steel box 11 having a shape along the corners.

On the other hand, in order to continuously integrate the steel boxes 11 to be built and installed, as shown in FIG. 2, joints having predetermined widths are respectively formed along the connecting portions on the surfaces of the inner steel plate 13 and the outer steel plate 12. The plate 20 is pressed against and brought into close contact with the plate 20, and can be easily and continuously integrated by welding. Here, such a joint plate 20 is welded and fixed to the surface end of one of the steel boxes 11 to be installed in advance in a state of being laterally protruded by factory welding or the like, and the steel box 11 to be installed in advance. 1
Using the projecting portion of the joint plate 20 as a guide, the succeeding steel box 11 is erected and installed, and thereafter, the joint plate 20 is welded and fixed to the surface of the succeeding steel box 11, and the adjacent steel box 11 is fixed. It can be made to be continuously integrated.

Further, the steel box 11 continuously installed in this manner is firmly fixed to the installation position while supporting the earth pressure from the excavation surface using a support material such as a pipe support. become. In addition, when there is a gap between the steel box 11 thus installed and the excavation surface,
The gap is appropriately filled with earth and sand, so that the earth pressure from the excavation surface is smoothly supported by the steel box 11 as a retaining material.

When the steel box 11 is continuously installed so as to cover the entire circumference along the excavation surface, the concrete box is used as a formwork to cast concrete inside. The concrete placing operation can be easily performed from the upper opening of the steel box 11 using a concrete pump or a chute. The opening 17 is formed, and the adjacent steel boxes 11 communicate with each other through the opening 17 for the distribution of the concrete of the end steel plate 15, so that the poured concrete is continuous over the entire circumference. Steel box 11 installed
, The continuity of the concrete is easily maintained, and the hardening of the concrete forms the steel concrete basement wall 21 in which the steel box 11 and the concrete are integrated.

After the steel concrete basement wall 21 is formed,
Next, a support material such as a pipe support that supports and fixes the steel box 11 is removed, and the floor slab 22 and the ceiling slab 23 are formed so as to be connected to the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the steel concrete basement wall 21. Do the work you want.

That is, to form the floor slab 22,
As shown in FIG. 3, first, a base layer 24 is formed by laying rock or crushed stone on the excavated bottom, and at the same time, a concrete floor 25 is cast over the upper surface of the base layer to provide a work floor.
In addition, such a work floor may be provided prior to the work of placing concrete in the steel box 11.

Then, on the upper surface of the discarded concrete 25,
A base iron plate 26 having a bent edge that stands upright at a height substantially equal to the thickness of the floor slab 22 is attached to an upright portion 27 thereof.
Is placed along the inner surface of the steel box 11,
The floor slab 22 can be easily formed by casting concrete and hardening the entire area inside the standing portion 27. When the base iron plate 26 is installed, a water expansion seal 28 is interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the upright portion 27 of the base iron plate 26 and the inner surface of the inner steel plate 13 of the steel box 11, and coking is performed. And the standing part 27
The upper end portion is welded in-situ 32 to the inner surface of the steel box 11 to ensure sufficient water stoppage.

On the other hand, in order to form the ceiling slab 23, as shown in FIG. 4, a slab iron plate 29 having a size to cover a region surrounded by the inner steel plate 13 of the steel box 11 is provided at an edge portion thereof. While the upper end of the inner steel plate 13 is covered from the outside by the locking portion 30 bent downward, the inner iron plate 1
3 and a folded plate 31 made of expanded metal is placed on the upper surface of the slab iron plate 29 as a reinforcing material (see FIG. 5). The ceiling slab 23 can be easily formed by casting and curing (see FIG. 1). In addition, when installing the slab iron plate 29, it is welded to the inner steel plate 13 by in-situ welding 33 and firmly fixed, while ensuring water-stopping, and the bent plate 31 is also welded to the slab iron plate 29, Before slab concrete is cast, it should be firmly fixed.

In this manner, the steel concrete basement wall 2
The basement is formed by providing the floor slab 22 and the ceiling slab 23 by connecting and integrating with 1
According to this embodiment, the steel box 11 as a hollow earth retaining material is used, and concrete is poured into the steel box 11 to form the steel concrete basement wall 21 as an integrated composite material. By combining with, it is possible to easily form a highly accurate underground wall,
The labor and cost required for the earth retaining work for protecting the excavated surface can be easily reduced.

Further, according to this embodiment, since the periphery of the basement is covered with the steel member, it is possible to obtain an underground space having high waterproofness and excellent livability so as not to generate moisture.

Further, the steel box 11 as the earth retaining material is lightweight because it is hollow and the thickness of each steel plate is sufficient to withstand the earth pressure and the concrete pressure, so that it can be easily transported and built. Small trucks and cranes can be used.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment of the above embodiment, but can be variously modified and adopted within the scope of the constitution described in the claims. For example, when forming the floor slab 22 and the ceiling slab 23, it is not always necessary to use the base iron plate 26 and the slab iron plate 29.

[0033]

As described above in detail, according to the method of constructing an underground space according to the present invention, the concrete structure includes an inner iron plate, an outer iron plate, and a steel plate interposed therebetween so as to maintain a predetermined distance therebetween. An iron box consisting of a plate-like iron member for width stop having an opening through which it can be circulated is continuously installed along the excavation surface as earth retaining material, and concrete is poured into the installed iron box, and the excavation surface is To form an integrated ferro-concrete underground wall, and then connect to the ferro-concrete underground wall to form a floor slab and a ceiling slab. And the labor and cost required for earth retaining work for protecting the excavated surface can be easily reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cutaway sectional view illustrating a basement constructed by a construction method of an underground space according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG. 1 for explaining a situation where a floor slab is formed by connecting to a basement wall.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part D in FIG. 1 for explaining a situation where a ceiling slab is formed by connecting to a basement wall.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Basement (underground space) 11 Steel box (iron box) 12 Outer steel plate (outer iron plate) 13 Inner steel plate (inner iron plate) 14 Medium steel plate (plate-like iron member for width stop) 15 End steel plate 16 Bottom steel plate 17 Opening 20 Joint plate 21 Steel concrete basement wall (iron concrete basement wall) 22 Floor slab 23 Ceiling slab 26 Base steel plate 29 Slab steel plate

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An iron box comprising an inner iron plate, an outer iron plate, and a width-stopping plate-like iron member having an opening through which concrete can flow and interposed so as to maintain a predetermined distance therebetween. Are continuously installed along the excavated surface as earth retaining material,
Casting concrete inside the installed iron box, forming an integrated ferro-concrete underground wall covering the excavation surface,
Thereafter, a floor slab and a ceiling slab are formed by connecting to the ferro-concrete basement wall, and a method of constructing an underground space.