CN107402043A - Half cover and cut method Construction of City Tunnel monitoring method and monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The tunnel construction monitoring method and monitoring system of the half-cover digging method and its monitoring system belong to the engineering monitoring field, including the tunnel construction method of the half-cover excavation method, manual monitoring method and automatic monitoring method. The tunnel construction method of the half-cover excavation method is in deep During foundation pit construction, half of the road surface is constructed. After digging to a certain depth, the top is closed, and the rest of the project is carried out under the closed roof; the other half of the open part is open-air cut and cut construction. After digging to the highest level, start from the bottom layer of structure. The main structure and waterproofing are constructed from bottom to top until the soil is backfilled and the pipeline is restored to the surface of the foundation; the manual monitoring method is to bury test pieces and observation points at fixed positions, and use instruments to perform manual measurement to obtain relevant data. The automatic monitoring method is through Automatic data collection technology, network wireless communication technology and database application technology realize the construction monitoring of the deformation and force of the tunnel support system, and the use of the invention can dynamically feed back the monitoring data at any time to guide the dynamic construction plan.

Description

Construction monitoring method and monitoring system of urban tunnel with half-cover excavation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, in particular to a system and method for real-time monitoring during the excavation and construction of urban highway tunnels.

Background technique

With the rapid development of traffic engineering and the development and utilization of urban underground space, the construction process of subways and urban highway tunnels has been accelerated. Due to the complex geological environment of urban underground tunnels, the complexity of underground pipelines, and the lack of information on some underground lines, urban underground tunnel projects It is difficult to complete the design and construction smoothly at one time, and it has to undergo continuous program revision, which increases the cost and investment of design and construction. Urban tunnel construction methods mainly include open-cut method, cover-excavation method, underground excavation method, shield method and so on. The cover-excavation method is based on the required width on the existing road. After the earth retaining structure is completed from the ground surface, the finalized standard covering structure (including longitudinal beams, beams and road slabs) is placed on the earth retaining structure to maintain traffic. Repeatedly excavate and add purlins and cross braces until the design elevation. Build the main tunnel structure from the bottom up (some new projects include urban utility galleries), backfill and restore pipelines, and finally remove exposed parts of retaining structures and restore roads if necessary. The construction process is long. During the period, in order to ensure the safety of the tunnel construction process in the urban area, monitoring instruments must be used to monitor various control indicators such as the tunnel support structure. Among them, deformation monitoring is the key to the monitoring work. The construction monitoring method is mainly Including traditional manual monitoring and automatic monitoring. The traditional manual monitoring method is greatly disturbed by environmental factors. At the same time, there are also problems such as asynchronous measurement points, unmeasurable large deformation, poor real-time performance, and long data collection and analysis cycles. Hidden defects of the project cannot be found in time, but the monitoring cost is relatively low; automatic monitoring realizes the construction monitoring of the deformation and stress of the tunnel support system through automatic data collection technology, network wireless communication technology and database application technology. All-weather, real-time monitoring is implemented, and the data is timely, accurate and reliable, but the cost is high.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention:

In view of the defects or deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a half-cover tunnel construction monitoring method and its monitoring system. The monitoring data guides the dynamic construction plan.

Technical solutions:

A method for monitoring tunnel construction with a half-cover excavation method, characterized in that: the monitoring method includes a half-cover excavation method tunnel construction method, a manual monitoring method and an automatic monitoring method; the half-cover excavation method tunnel construction method The method is to first construct half of the road surface during the construction of the deep foundation pit, and after pouring the retaining wall piles of the tunnel foundation pit, the covering structure consisting of longitudinal beams, beams and trestle slabs is constructed on the surface to temporarily replace the road surface to maintain traffic. After repeatedly excavating downwards and adding cross braces to a certain depth, the top is closed, and the rest of the lower part is constructed under the closed top cover; the other half of the open part is open-air cut and cut construction, and it has been dug to the design elevation of the base. Afterwards, the main structure and waterproofing shall be constructed sequentially from bottom to top starting from the bottom layer of the structure, until the soil is backfilled and pipelines are restored or new pipelines are buried until the surface of the foundation; the manual monitoring method described is to bury the test at a fixed position Components and observation points, using total stations, levels, strain gauges, steel bar gauges, inclinometers, pressure gauges or water level gauges for manual measurement to obtain relevant data, and obtain the deformation and stress of the tunnel support system; the automation The monitoring method is to realize the construction monitoring of the deformation and stress of the tunnel support system through automatic data collection technology, network wireless communication technology and database application technology at important parts, key nodes, and parts that are not convenient for manual monitoring; through manual monitoring methods and The data obtained by automated monitoring methods are mutually supplemented and verified to see if the data reaches the early warning value; if not, continue monitoring and construction; if the early warning value is reached, carry out key monitoring, data analysis, on-site inspection or shutdown.

The manual monitoring method is to use a total station to monitor the horizontal displacement of the crown beam, to monitor the vertical settlement of the crown beam, to use a level instrument to monitor, to use an axial force meter to monitor the lateral axial force of the steel support, and to monitor the horizontal displacement of the crown beam. The reinforcement meter is used to monitor the reinforcement force of the pile, the inclinometer is used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the pile body, the level is used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding buildings, the level is used to monitor the surface settlement near the foundation pit, and the soil on the wall of the pit is monitored. Pressure gauges are used for pressure monitoring, and water level gauges are used for foundation pit dewatering well water level monitoring.

The automatic monitoring method is to adopt a displacement meter and be equipped with an automatic acquisition module at the horizontal displacement monitoring position of the crown beam; Axial force meter and automatic acquisition module are used at the site, steel bar meter and automatic acquisition module are used at the reinforcement force monitoring site of the enclosure pile, and a fixed inclinometer is used at the horizontal displacement monitoring site of the pile body and equipped with an automatic acquisition module. The inclinometer is equipped with an automatic acquisition module for the deformation monitoring of the surrounding buildings, the static level is equipped with an automatic acquisition module for the surface settlement monitoring of the foundation pit, and the pressure gauge is equipped with an automatic acquisition module for the soil pressure monitoring of the pit wall. The water level gauge is used in the water level monitoring of the foundation pit dewatering well and is equipped with an automatic acquisition module.

A monitoring system for tunnel construction with half-cover excavation method as described above, characterized in that: the automatic monitoring system and the manual monitoring system in the system are connected to the central switch through the LAN, and the central switch and the network cloud storage device are connected through the LAN. Connection, the central switch and the WAN are connected through the LAN, the WAN is connected to the remote client or mobile client, the central switch and the large screen are connected through the server and the LAN; the automatic monitoring system is used for the monitoring points that are difficult for personnel to reach. The detection system consists of crown beam horizontal displacement monitoring system, crown beam vertical settlement monitoring system, steel support lateral axial force monitoring system, enclosure pile reinforcement force monitoring system, pile horizontal displacement monitoring system, surrounding building deformation monitoring system, foundation pit Edge surface settlement monitoring system, pit wall soil pressure monitoring system, foundation pit dewatering well water level monitoring system, data transmission base station, data receiving base station, automatic display platform, data processing software, data display software; Many points are monitored by manual monitoring system, which consists of crown beam horizontal displacement monitoring system, crown beam vertical settlement monitoring system, steel support lateral axial force monitoring system, enclosure pile reinforcement force monitoring system, pile level It is composed of displacement monitoring system, surrounding building deformation monitoring system, surface settlement monitoring system near foundation pit, soil pressure monitoring system on pit wall, and water level monitoring system of foundation pit dewatering well.

The monitoring system for the tunnel construction of the half-cover digging method is characterized in that: the crown beam of the crown beam horizontal displacement monitoring system is provided with crown beam horizontal displacement monitoring points, and the horizontal steel structure level of the steel support lateral axial force monitoring system Steel support axial force monitoring points are set for the support, reinforcement gauges are set for the surrounding piles of the steel bar force monitoring system, and building deformation monitoring points are set for nearby buildings in the surrounding building deformation monitoring system. There are ground subsidence observation points near the ground.

Advantages and effects:

(1) The manual monitoring method is adopted for the construction monitoring of points with complicated conditions and many on-site interference factors, and the automatic monitoring method is adopted for the monitoring points that are difficult for personnel to reach, which solves the problem of difficult data monitoring of some monitoring points. Effectively ensure the integrity of monitoring data;

(2) Automated monitoring is adopted, and the monitoring data is collected, wirelessly transmitted and processed through the automatic module, which reduces the accumulation of human errors and greatly improves the accuracy of the monitoring data;

(3) The wireless remote collection and transmission technology avoids the safety problem of monitoring in the tunnel and makes the monitoring work more secure;

(4) Automatic monitoring can collect real-time dynamics and can directly upload corresponding real-time data to the monitoring center to realize all-weather and real-time monitoring. The data is timely, accurate and reliable, which is helpful for rapid analysis and judgment during the construction process, and can detect problems in time and solve problems. Take corresponding control measures to ensure the realization of the design goals and ensure the safety of the construction process;

(5) With the manual monitoring method, it not only reduces the cost of construction monitoring, but also realizes the monitoring of points with complex conditions, many on-site interference factors, and difficult automation. The invention is systematic, convenient and real-time, and the method is safe, practical, quick and effective, avoiding the safety in tunnel construction monitoring and the problem that the monitoring work is affected by the harsh environment, avoiding sudden accidents caused by insufficient monitoring frequency of key points, It also avoids personnel safety issues, minimizes monitoring costs, and avoids sudden accidents.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the operating mode figure of monitoring method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 plan view of foundation pit supporting structure and monitoring point arrangement of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of foundation pit supporting structure and monitoring point arrangement of the present invention;

The markings are: 1. crown beam monitoring point; 2. lattice column top monitoring point; 3. ground subsidence observation point; 4. steel support axial force monitoring point; 5. reinforcement meter; 6. building deformation monitoring point; 7. Inclinometer pipe; 8. Foundation pit dewatering well; 9. Surrounding pile; 10. Crown beam; 11. Trestle slab; 12. Concrete support; 13. Lattice column; 14. Steel purlin; ; 16. Foundation pit floor; 17. Pile foundation at the lower part of lattice column; 18. Steel support bracket; 19. Concrete tie beam.

detailed description:

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

The invention relates to digital signal wireless transmission, wireless transmission technology and wireless reception and conversion related technology, and also relates to information comprehensive judgment technology, especially suitable for the complex environment of underground pipelines that must be faced in the construction process of urban road underground tunnels Real-time monitoring of tunnel earthwork excavation construction process in urban areas, suitable for underground projects that require high monitoring accuracy.

The half-cover excavation method is to first construct half of the road surface during deep foundation pit construction. After excavating down to a certain depth, the top is closed, and the rest of the lower part is constructed under the closed top cover. A construction method in which the other half of the open part is open cut and cut. It is characterized by fast construction progress, easy quality control, and can not affect the traffic or other functions above the foundation pit to the greatest extent.

As shown in Figure 1, the tunnel construction monitoring system includes an automatic monitoring system. The monitoring data collection includes the horizontal displacement and vertical settlement data of crown beam points, ground point settlement data, steel support axial force, steel bar meter, building settlement, enclosure The horizontal deformation of the retaining pile, the water level of the foundation pit dewatering well, and the data collection of the soil pressure on the wall of the foundation pit require an acquisition module for each data acquisition. The collected data is transmitted to the platform through the base station for remote control of tunnel construction monitoring and data results. Analysis, including: 1) Horizontal displacement monitoring of the crown beam, using a displacement meter and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 2) Vertical settlement monitoring of the crown beam, using a static level and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 3) Monitoring of the lateral axial force of the steel support , using a shaft force meter and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 4) monitoring of the reinforcement force of the enclosure pile, using a steel bar meter and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 5) monitoring the horizontal displacement of the pile body, using a fixed inclinometer and equipped with an automatic acquisition module ; 6) Deformation monitoring of surrounding buildings, using an inclinometer and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 7) Surface settlement monitoring at the edge of the foundation pit, using a static level and equipped with an automatic acquisition module; And equipped with an automatic acquisition module; 9) The water level monitoring of the foundation pit dewatering well adopts a water level gauge and is equipped with an automatic acquisition module. In addition, the automatic monitoring is a complete system, which must also be equipped with a data receiving and transmission base station, and an automatic display platform. Data processing and display software, etc. Data reception and transmission The base station transmits the various monitoring data obtained by the sub-item data automatic collection components and modules to the data terminal in real time through wireless transmission, that is, the automatic display platform, which analyzes the monitoring data through data processing and display software And processing, and displayed on the automatic display platform in the form of images and curves, when the monitoring data reaches the warning value, a prompt warning is issued. At this time, to a certain extent, it is necessary to manually compare and analyze the automatic monitoring data and manual monitoring data. Make a final and accurate judgment based on the specific construction site conditions, and take necessary measures based on the actual situation. Construction monitoring can be carried out through the combination of automation and manual, and dynamic optimization and adjustment can be made to the construction plan.

As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of the application of the automatic monitoring system of the present invention to the construction of urban tunnels in the half-cover digging method, through which the working principle of the system of the present invention can be further explained. At the construction site, through the buried monitoring components and automatic acquisition modules, various monitoring data are collected, and through the data receiving and transmission base station, they are transmitted to the data terminal in real time by wireless transmission, that is, the automatic display platform. The platform processes and displays the data The software analyzes and processes the monitoring data, and displays them on the automatic display platform in the form of images and curves. The central switch of the system can be displayed on the mobile phone and other devices through the LAN through the LCD large screen or through the remote client through the WAN, and can also be stored in the network cloud. According to actual needs, different display methods can be selected to present various monitoring data results. At the same time, through the processing of monitoring data, when the monitoring data reaches the set early warning value, the comprehensive evaluation early warning module will alarm in real time. In order to further determine the actual situation, comparative analysis with manual monitoring data can be carried out, and if necessary, expert argumentation can be used to ensure that the monitoring data and the danger of the actual on-site situation are accurate.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, it is a schematic diagram of the most suitable half-cover excavation method of the present invention for urban tunnel construction foundation pit support structure and monitoring project layout. The support structure and construction method are especially suitable for underground highway tunnels in urban areas with intricate underground pipelines. It is difficult to use the underground excavation method and the shield method, while the cover-excavation method is used when the tunnel needs to cross obstacles such as roads, subways, and building foundations. A method of construction that does not interfere with traffic or other urban functions. After the tunnel foundation pit retaining wall piles are poured, the covering structure consisting of longitudinal beams, beams and trestle slabs is constructed on the surface, which is used to temporarily replace the road surface to maintain traffic, and repeated excavation and installation of cross braces are repeated until the base is dug. Design the elevation, and then construct the main structure and waterproof from the bottom up in sequence from the bottom layer until the soil is backfilled and the pipelines are restored or new pipelines are buried until the surface of the foundation. The present invention adopts the method of half-cover excavation The construction mode is most suitable. The support system includes: surrounding protection piles 9 poured through drilling before excavation of the foundation pit, crown beams 10 that consolidate the top of the surrounding protection piles together to bear the force together, trestle boards 11 that provide the construction operation surface, and the first horizontal Horizontal concrete support 12, lattice columns 13 providing vertical support, steel purlins 14 for both ends of the steel support to support the force, horizontal steel supports 15 for the 2nd to 4th horizontal steel structures, foundation pit floor 16, The pile foundation 17 at the lower part of the lattice column, the steel bracket 18 parallel to the direction of the tie beam for steel support, and the concrete tie beam 19 parallel to the direction of the crown beam. The support system not only ensures the stability during the construction of the foundation pit, but at the same time, the half-face trestle slab cover excavation and the half-face open type can provide the construction operation surface and the vertical transportation channel for construction materials and equipment, which provides great convenience for tunnel excavation construction . At the same time, half of the side is open to provide convenience and possibility for the transmission of various monitoring data to the ground and connection with the automatic acquisition module.

The items to be monitored in real time during the construction process (corresponding to the points in Figures 3 and 4) include: 1. Horizontal displacement and vertical settlement of the crown beam; 2. Vertical settlement of the lattice column top; 3. Ground settlement around the foundation pit; 4. Axial force of steel support; 5. Internal force of enclosure pile (reinforcement meter); 6. Building deformation; 7. Horizontal deformation of enclosure pile (inclinometer tube); 8. Water level of foundation pit (water well).

Claims (5)

1. A kind of 1. monitoring method of half cover and cut method constructing tunnel, it is characterised in that：The monitoring method includes half lid and digs suitable make Method for tunnel construction, personal monitoring's method and the automatic monitoring method of method；The constructing tunnel side of half described cover and cut method Method is that first half road surface is constructed when deep foundation pit construction, to having poured after tunnel foundation ditch lagging pile in earth's surface handle The covered structure formed including longitudinal and transverse beam and trestle plate has been constructed, and temporarily to replace road surface to maintain traffic, is repeated downwards After excavating and adding stull to certain depth, by top seal, remaining bottom engineering is constructed under the top cover of closing；Separately Half open section carries out outdoor open-cut, digs arrive substrate designed elevation always, afterwards since one Rotating fields of bottom according to Sequence is from bottom to top constructed agent structure and waterproof, until backfill and recovering the route of pipe line or the embedded new route of pipe line until underlying table Stop in face；Described personal monitoring's method is to bury testing element and observation station in fixed position, using total powerstation, spirit level, is answered Power instrument, reinforcing rib meter, inclinometer, pressure gauge or water-level gauge carry out manual measurement and obtain related data, obtain its supporting and protecting system of tunnel Deformation and stressing conditions；Described automatic monitoring method is at significant points, key node, the artificial position for being not easy to monitoring By automatic data collection technology, network wireless mechanics of communication and database application technology, realize and supporting and protecting system of tunnel is deformed With the construction monitoring of stress；The data obtained by personal monitoring's method and automatic monitoring method be complementary to one another and mutually Whether checking, data reach early warning value；If be not reaching to, continue to monitor and construct；If reaching early warning value, weight is carried out Point monitoring, data analysis, scene are checked or stopped work.
2. A kind of 2. monitoring method of half cover and cut method constructing tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Personal monitoring's method is to be monitored at Guan Liang horizontal displacement monitoring using total powerstation, is used at the vertical settlement monitoring of Guan Liang Spirit level monitors, and is monitored at bracing members transverse direction axle power monitoring using axle power meter, reinforcing bar is used at fender post reinforcing bar power monitoring Meter monitoring, is monitored at pile lateral displacement monitoring using inclinometer, is monitored at surrounding buildingses deformation monitoring using spirit level, Monitored, monitored at crater wall soil pressure monitoring using pressure gauge, in base using spirit level at the surface subsidence monitoring of foundation ditch side Cheat and monitored at dewatering well water level monitoring using water-level gauge.
3. A kind of 3. monitoring method of half cover and cut method constructing tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Automatic monitoring method is that displacement meter is used at Guan Liang horizontal displacement monitoring and is furnished with automation collection module, vertical in Guan Liang Hydrostatic level is used at settlement monitoring and is furnished with automation collection module, axle power meter is used at bracing members transverse direction axle power monitoring And it is furnished with automation collection module, reinforcing rib meter is used at fender post reinforcing bar power monitoring and is furnished with automation collection module, in stake Using fixing inclinometer and being furnished with automation collection module at body horizontal displacement monitoring, use and incline at surrounding buildingses deformation monitoring Angle instrument is simultaneously furnished with automation collection module, and hydrostatic level is used at the surface subsidence monitoring of foundation ditch side and is furnished with automation collection Module, pressure gauge is used at crater wall soil pressure monitoring and is furnished with automation collection module, is monitored in base pit dewatering Well Water Level Place is using water-level gauge and is furnished with automation collection module.
4. A kind of 4. monitoring system of half cover and cut method constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the system Automatic monitoring system and personal monitoring's system be connected by LAN LANs with center switch, center switch and network High in the clouds storage device is connected by LAN LANs, and center switch is connected with WAN wide area networks by LAN LANs, WAN wide areas Net connection Terminal Server Client or cell-phone customer terminal, center switch and giant-screen are connected by server, LAN LANs；To people The monitoring site that member is difficult to reach uses automatic monitoring system, and the automated detection system is by Guan Liang horizontal displacement monitoring system System, the vertical sedimentation monitoring system of Guan Liang, bracing members transverse direction axle power monitoring system, fender post reinforcing bar power monitoring system, pile body are horizontal System for monitoring displacement, surrounding buildingses DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM, foundation ditch side surface subsidence monitoring system, crater wall soil pressure monitoring system System, base pit dewatering well water level monitoring system, data transfer base station, data receiver base station, automation display platform, data processing are soft Part, data show software composition；Point position more than complicated to situation, live disturbing factor is monitored using personal monitoring's system, Personal monitoring's system is monitored by Guan Liang horizontal displacement monitoring system, the vertical sedimentation monitoring system of Guan Liang, bracing members transverse direction axle power System, fender post reinforcing bar power monitoring system, pile lateral displacement monitoring system, surrounding buildingses DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM, foundation ditch side Table sedimentation monitoring system, crater wall soil pressure monitoring system, base pit dewatering well water level monitoring system composition.
5. 5. the monitoring system of half cover and cut method constructing tunnel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The Guan Liang water The Guan Liang of flat system for monitoring displacement is provided with Guan Liang horizontal displacement monitoring point, the horizontal steel construction of bracing members transverse direction axle power monitoring system Horizontal support is provided with bracing members axle power monitoring point, and the fender post of fender post reinforcing bar power monitoring system is provided with reinforcing rib meter, surrounding buildingses The Nearby Structure of DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM is provided with building deformation monitoring point, and foundation ditch side surface subsidence monitoring system closes on ground Provided with surface subsidence observation station.