CN112187843A - BIM-based system and method for automatically monitoring capital construction risks of deep foundation pit - Google Patents
BIM-based system and method for automatically monitoring capital construction risks of deep foundation pit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112187843A CN112187843A CN201911208502.2A CN201911208502A CN112187843A CN 112187843 A CN112187843 A CN 112187843A CN 201911208502 A CN201911208502 A CN 201911208502A CN 112187843 A CN112187843 A CN 112187843A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
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- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of deep foundation pit monitoring, and aims to provide a BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring-based system which comprises a sensing layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer is connected with the platform layer through the network layer, the platform layer is connected with the application layer, and a BIM model matched with a deep foundation pit to be detected is arranged on the application layer; the sensing layer is installed on a working base point of a deep foundation pit to be measured, the sensing layer collects displacement on the working base point and sends the displacement to the platform layer through transmission of the network layer, multiple modes are preset on the platform layer, the platform layer calculates the displacement, and the calculated data are displayed on the position corresponding to the BIM model corresponding to the modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep foundation pit risk monitoring, in particular to a system and a method for automatically monitoring the capital construction risk of a deep foundation pit based on BIM.
Background
Deep foundation pit engineering is one of the more dangerous works regulated by the state. The conditions of internal force and displacement of a supporting structure, deformation of soil bodies inside and outside a foundation pit and the like are often caused in the excavation construction process of deep foundation pit engineering, so that the risk is high, the safety of the foundation pit is endangered by carelessness, adjacent buildings, structures, road bridges and various underground facilities are affected, and the economic loss and the social influence are often serious. The foundation pit monitoring is not in place, and major subway safety accidents are often caused. Due to the complex engineering technology, the wide range of the deep foundation pit and frequent accidents, the monitoring is required in the construction process. The information obtained on site is analyzed, information feedback and critical alarm are carried out through construction monitoring, so that design is adjusted in time, a construction method is improved, strain (or emergency) measures are made to ensure the safety of foundation pit excavation and structure construction, and the purposes of dynamic design and information construction are achieved.
CN201810823920.1, an intelligent monitoring device for a deep foundation pit of a building, the invention provides the intelligent monitoring device for the deep foundation pit of the building, and the system comprises a deep foundation pit monitoring module and a data processing module arranged in a deep foundation pit monitoring area; the deep foundation pit monitoring module is configured to acquire data of stratum geology and hydrology in a deep foundation pit area in real time, the deep foundation pit monitoring module comprises a wireless sensor network which is constructed by a sink node and a plurality of sensor nodes deployed in the deep foundation pit monitoring area, the sensor nodes acquire deep foundation pit environment data of monitoring positions, the sink node is mainly configured to gather the deep foundation pit environment data acquired by the sensor nodes and send the deep foundation pit environment data to the data processing module for storage and display, and the deformation condition of a building arranged on the deep foundation pit is monitored in real time and displayed on a mobile end.
Therefore, a method for automatically monitoring the risk of the foundation construction of the deep foundation pit is needed, which can be used for completely arranging the installation of the detecting instrument on the deep foundation pit on the construction site, and displaying the state of the deep foundation pit on a display end through a BIM model by comprehensively acquiring data on the site.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for automatically monitoring the capital construction risk of a BIM-based deep foundation pit, wherein an application layer combines with a BIM model image to display data, a platform layer can convert the data into a specific format and carry out calculation according to the measured value of a sensor, a network layer is used for establishing stable connection for transmitting the data, and a sensing layer consists of a sensor alarm controller and is responsible for acquiring the data;
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a system based on BIM deep foundation pit capital construction risk automatic monitoring comprises a perception layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the perception layer is connected with the platform layer through the network layer, the platform layer is connected with the application layer, and a BIM model matched with a deep foundation pit to be detected is arranged on the application layer; the sensing layer is installed on a working base point of a deep foundation pit to be measured, the sensing layer collects displacement on the working base point and sends the displacement to the platform layer through transmission of the network layer, multiple modes are preset on the platform layer, the platform layer calculates the displacement, and the calculated data are displayed on the position corresponding to the BIM model corresponding to the modes.
Preferably, a horizontal displacement monitoring module, a settlement monitoring module, an inclination measuring monitoring module and an axial force monitoring module are arranged on the sensing layer, and the horizontal displacement detecting module is arranged on a working base point at the corner of the deep foundation pit to be detected; the settlement monitoring module is arranged on a working base point outside the deep foundation pit to be detected; the inclination measuring monitoring module is arranged on a working base point with large deformation in the deep foundation pit to be measured; the axial force monitoring module is arranged on a working base point of the inner support in the deep foundation pit to be detected.
Preferably, the horizontal displacement monitoring module selects a polar coordinate method to measure the displacement, wherein the long edge of the deep foundation pit to be measured is an X axis, and the long edge of the foundation pit to be measured is a Y axis.
A BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a sensor on a working base point on the deep foundation pit to be detected to acquire various data in the deep foundation pit to be detected;
s2, the data collected by the sensor is transmitted to a platform layer for processing, the platform layer can convert the data into a specific format, and the collected data is calculated and then transmitted to the application layer;
s3: and the application layer is combined with the BIM model established by the deep foundation pit to be detected and is used for displaying various data on the deep foundation pit to be detected.
Preferably, in S1, the horizontal displacement of the deep foundation pit is monitored by using a small angle method and a polar coordinate method, and the settlement observation point of the deep foundation pit is monitored by burying the settlement observation point.
Preferably, in S2, the sensor and the platform layer are connected by a wire to transmit data.
Preferably, in S2, the sensor and the platform layer are connected by a wireless connection for data transmission.
Preferably, in S1, an audible and visual alarm and a smoke alarm are further disposed in the deep foundation pit to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the risk point of the deep foundation pit can be directly displayed by establishing a BIM model of the deep foundation pit;
2. the safety of the deep foundation pit is guaranteed through monitoring of horizontal displacement, settlement, inclination measurement and axial force of the deep foundation pit including a deep foundation pit building.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a system for automatically monitoring risks during infrastructure construction of a deep foundation pit based on BIM.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other implementations made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are obtained without inventive efforts.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "counterclockwise", "clockwise", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a system for automatically monitoring the infrastructure risk of a deep foundation pit based on BIM of the invention;
a system based on BIM deep foundation pit capital construction risk automatic monitoring comprises a perception layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the perception layer is connected with the platform layer through the network layer, the platform layer is connected with the application layer, and a BIM model matched with a deep foundation pit to be detected is arranged on the application layer;
the sensing layer is installed on a working base point of a deep foundation pit to be measured, the sensing layer collects displacement on the working base point and sends the displacement to the platform layer through transmission of the network layer, multiple modes are preset on the platform layer, the platform layer calculates the displacement, and the calculated data are displayed on the position corresponding to the BIM model corresponding to the modes.
It is worth explaining, the sensing objects in this embodiment include displacement, stress, soil pressure, axial force, water pressure, and inclination angle of the deep foundation pit, and the potential safety hazard of the deep foundation pit is found in time through omnibearing monitoring.
It is worth to be noted that a horizontal displacement monitoring module, a settlement monitoring module, an inclination measuring monitoring module and an axial force monitoring module are arranged on the sensing layer, and the horizontal displacement detecting module is arranged on a working base point at the corner of the deep foundation pit to be detected; the settlement monitoring module is arranged on a working base point outside the deep foundation pit to be detected; the inclination measuring monitoring module is arranged on a working base point with large deformation in the deep foundation pit to be measured; the axial force monitoring module is arranged on a working base point of the inner support in the deep foundation pit to be detected, a polar coordinate method is selected for use in the horizontal displacement monitoring module to measure displacement, the long edge of the deep foundation pit to be detected is an X axis, and the long edge of the foundation pit to be detected is a Y axis.
In summary, the implementation principle of the invention is as follows: the application layer combines the BIM model image to display data, the platform layer can convert the data into a specific format and calculate according to the measured value of the sensor, the network layer is used for establishing stable connection for transmitting the data, the sensing layer is composed of a sensor alarm controller and is responsible for collecting the data, and the sensing object can be any object which can be sensed in nature and is matched with an actual foundation pit, such as pressure, angle and displacement.
A BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a sensor on a working base point on the deep foundation pit to be detected to acquire various data in the deep foundation pit to be detected;
s2, the data collected by the sensor is transmitted to a platform layer for processing, the platform layer can convert the data into a specific format, and the collected data is calculated and then transmitted to the application layer;
s3: and the application layer is combined with the BIM model established by the deep foundation pit to be detected and is used for displaying various data on the deep foundation pit to be detected.
It is worth to say that the method also includes a specific installation method of the acquisition device in the specific sensing layer, and the method is related to the horizontal displacement monitoring: most of civil engineering construction foundation pits are rectangular and irregular, 2-4 working base points are distributed in a relatively stable area around the foundation pit, and the pier positions of the working base points are generally distributed at the corners of the foundation pit due to the minimal deformation at the corners of the foundation pit; according to the position and the number of horizontal displacement points of the top of a supporting structure pile (wall) determined by design, arranging observation points on the top of a crown of a foundation pit supporting structure, wherein the observation points adopt a form of embedding observation piers; after the working base point pier is built, the instrument is erected on the working base point pier, observation piers are arranged along the side of the foundation pit, the position of the observation point needs to be selected at a through-sight position, and objects which influence the sight, such as safety railings and the like at the side of the foundation pit, need to be avoided.
It should be noted that the horizontal displacement detection method mainly has five points: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the foundation pit horizontal displacement monitoring can adopt a small angle method and a polar coordinate method to carry out horizontal displacement observation. The stability of the working base point is preferably observed by adopting a forward intersection method, a wire measurement method and a backward intersection method. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the foundation pit deformation monitoring, for the displacement variable quantity of the foundation pit, a polar coordinate method is utilized for monitoring the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit, the long edge of the foundation pit is generally selected as an X axis, and the long edge of the vertical foundation pit is selected as a Y axis. Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the small angle method is mainly used for observing the horizontal displacement deformation point of the foundation pit. The small angle method must set observation pier, and adopts forced centering mode. Fourthly: the forward intersection observation method selects a far stable target as an orientation point as much as possible, the distance between a survey station and the orientation point is required to be generally not less than the length of an intersection edge, and the observation point is buried at a position suitable for observation in different directions. Fifth, the method comprises the following steps: the wire measuring method is mainly used for measuring the stability of a working base point through a wire under the condition that buildings and structures around a foundation pit are dense, and the forward intersection method and the backward intersection method for checking the stability of the working base point are difficult to realize.
It is worth mentioning that, regarding the arrangement of the sedimentation monitoring base points: laying settlement monitoring points: 3 base points are embedded in a relatively stable place which is not influenced by construction outside the foundation pit, and the stability of the foundation pit is checked by utilizing the 3 base points; the settlement monitoring point of the supporting upright post is set, wherein a steel processing piece meeting the requirement is welded at the top of the supporting upright post; peripheral building (structure) settlement monitoring points are arranged at corners of buildings or structures, are 20 cm away from the ground, avoid obstacles which hinder marking and observation, such as rainwater pipes, windowsill lines, circuit switches and the like, and are separated from the wall (column) surface by a certain distance according to the requirement of a set ruler; and peripheral soil body settlement monitoring points, namely, settlement observation points are buried in an original soil layer, a protection device is additionally arranged, and initial observation and general observation can be carried out after the settlement observation points are stable.
It is worth to say that there are four main points of settlement monitoring methods. Firstly, the method comprises the following steps: after the settlement monitoring working base point is buried, according to the distribution condition of monitoring points, firstly, a leveling line is planned along the monitoring points, a closed leveling line is adopted, and the requirements of 'three-fixing' of fixing a deformation monitoring line, fixing an instrument and fixing personnel during observation are met. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: according to the leveling control line, the settlement points of all buildings (structures) around and the settlement points of the supporting upright posts are observed, and the elevations of all the settlement points are measured by adopting a closed leveling line. When the settlement point of the building is observed, each observation can also adopt fulcrum observation, but the fulcrum cannot exceed 2 stations, and the fulcrum observation must be carried out twice. In order to ensure the reliability of the elevation base point, the reference point is detected before each observation, and analysis and judgment are made to ensure the reliability of the observation result. Thirdly, the monitoring system carries out data correction, adjustment calculation, monitoring report generation and deformation curve chart generation, elevation and settlement calculation and accumulated settlement calculation on each point on the monitored original data. Fourthly: the method for observing the inclination of the building determines the inclination of the building by measuring the relative subsidence of the foundation of the building, and calculates the inclination of the building by using the observation data of the subsidence.
It is worth mentioning that the inclinometer is embedded: the inclinometer pipe is preferably buried at a position with large deformation or danger, and is generally arranged in the middle of the foundation pit. The method for burying the inclinometer pipe comprises three methods: drilling embedding, binding embedding and prefabricating embedding.
Drilling and embedding: the drilling embedding is mainly used for the finished condition of the fender post and the continuous wall and the soil layer drilling inclination measurement. The hole diameter of the drilled hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the inclinometer pipe, the hole depth is required to penetrate out of the structural body by 3-8 meters, and the drilling depth is determined according to geological conditions. And filling fine sand or mortar mixed by cement and bentonite into a gap between the inclinometer pipe and the drilled hole. The inclinometer pipe buried in place must ensure that a pair of grooves is vertical to the edge of the foundation pit.
Binding and embedding: the inclinometer is fixed on the reinforcement cage through direct binding or arrangement of a hoop, and the binding distance is not more than 1.5 m. The binding of the inclinometer pipe and the reinforcement cage must be firm to prevent the inclinometer pipe from falling off when concrete is poured. Meanwhile, attention must be paid to longitudinal torsion of the inclinometer pipe to prevent the probe of the inclinometer from being clamped by the guide groove.
Prefabricating and embedding: the method is mainly used for testing the driven precast pile. When the row piles are prefabricated, the inclinometer pipe is placed in a pile body reinforcement cage, and local protection is performed to prevent the inclinometer pipe from being damaged by hammering during pile sinking.
It is worth noting that there are two points in the inclinometer method. Firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the inclinometry observation is divided into forward measurement and backward measurement, and the forward measurement is firstly carried out and then the backward measurement is carried out during observation. Generally, the reading is carried out once every 0.5 meter, the inclination measuring probe is placed at the bottom of the inclination measuring pipe, the reading is carried out after the probe is placed at the bottom of the inclination measuring pipe for 5 minutes until the probe is adaptive to the water temperature in the pipe, and the tightness of the probe and a cable of the instrument is required to be paid attention to so as to prevent water from entering. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: during inclination observation, the reading points of every 0.5 m mark must be clamped at the same position, and the reading can be carried out only after the voltage value is stable, so that the reading accuracy is ensured.
It is worth mentioning that, regarding the axial force monitoring: for the foundation pit engineering provided with the inner support, part of typical supports are generally selected for axial force monitoring so as to master the stress condition of a support system; the internal force and the axial force of the reinforced concrete support are usually obtained by measuring the stress of a stressed steel bar of a member and then calculating the deformation coordination condition of the stressed steel bar and the concrete under the common stress state, and the steel bar stress is generally measured by connecting a steel bar stress sensor, a steel string type sensor and a resistance strain type sensor in series on the stressed steel bar of the member. The rebar meter must be calibrated before use.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the method of acquiring through a specific setting is as follows: and (3) horizontal displacement of the pile top and the building envelope top: an inclination angle sensor is arranged at the top, horizontal displacement is calculated by measuring the inclination angle, a laser displacement sensor is arranged at the top, and the change of the distance between a laser emission point and the enclosing wall is monitored.
It is worth to be noted that, regarding the horizontal displacement of the deep layer of the soil body: an inclination measuring hole is arranged beside a foundation pit at a distance of 10-20 meters, the depth of the inclination measuring hole needs to be deeper than the depth of the foundation pit, the bottom of the hole needs to reach a stable position of a bed rock, an inclination measuring pipe is installed in the hole, a fixed inclinometer is installed in each meter of the inclination measuring pipe, each fixed inclinometer is connected through a connecting rod, a data line is connected to an orifice in series, and the horizontal displacement of each point is calculated by collecting the inclination angle of each fixed inclinometer.
It is worth mentioning that with respect to pile top, envelope, ground subsidence (vertical displacement): set up a monitoring point at foundation ditch top every 10 to 20 meters, the sensor of every monitoring point connects to a benchmark next to the pit through water pipe/trachea/and communication cable series connection after, thereby calculates the settlement change quantity of every point relative to the benchmark through the pressure variation of monitoring every point sensor, about the reinforcing bar stress: weld the reinforcement meter to being surveyed on the reinforcing bar, calculate the atress situation of change of reinforcing bar through the change of test reinforcement meter frequency, about anchor rope stress: after the anchor cable meter penetrates through the anchor cable and is fixed, the change of the stress of the anchor cable is calculated by testing the change of the frequency of the anchor cable meter, and the stress of the anchor cable is calculated by the following steps: directly installing an axial force meter at one end of a steel support, and calculating the change of the support axial force by testing the change of the frequency of the axial force meter; fixing a surface strain gauge to a concrete support surface, calculating the change of the support axial force by testing the change of the strain gauge frequency, and regarding the soil pressure: burying the soil pressure cell at the position of the measured point, calculating the change of the soil pressure of the measured point through the change of the frequency of the soil pressure cell, and regarding the pore water pressure: and embedding the void water pressure meter to the measured depth, and calculating the change of the water pressure by measuring the change of the frequency of the sensor.
In summary, the implementation principle of the present invention is that, in combination with the laying of a specific working base point of the deep foundation pit and the installation of the acquisition devices such as the sensors, the real-time recording is performed on each item of data of the deep foundation pit through four aspects of horizontal displacement, axial force, settlement and inclination measurement, and the real-time acquired data is compared with the standard value pre-stored in the system, so as to match the state of the position corresponding to the deep foundation pit, and show the state at the corresponding position on the BIM model of the deep foundation pit model.
Claims (8)
1. A BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring-based system is characterized by comprising a sensing layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer, wherein the sensing layer is connected with the platform layer through the network layer, the platform layer is connected with the application layer, and a BIM model matched with a deep foundation pit to be detected is arranged on the application layer;
the sensing layer is installed on a working base point of a deep foundation pit to be measured, the sensing layer collects displacement on the working base point and sends the displacement to the platform layer through transmission of the network layer, multiple modes are preset on the platform layer, the platform layer calculates the displacement, and the calculated data are displayed on the position corresponding to the BIM model corresponding to the modes.
2. The BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a horizontal displacement monitoring module, a settlement monitoring module, an inclinometry monitoring module and an axial force monitoring module are arranged on the sensing layer, and the horizontal displacement detecting module is arranged on a working base point at the corner of the deep foundation pit to be detected; the settlement monitoring module is arranged on a working base point outside the deep foundation pit to be detected; the inclination measuring monitoring module is arranged on a working base point with large deformation in the deep foundation pit to be measured; the axial force monitoring module is arranged on a working base point of the inner support in the deep foundation pit to be detected.
3. The BIM deep foundation pit capital construction risk automatic monitoring-based system according to claim 2, wherein a polar coordinate method is selected for measuring displacement in the horizontal displacement monitoring module, wherein the long side of the deep foundation pit to be measured is selected as an X axis, and the long side perpendicular to the deep foundation pit to be measured is selected as a Y axis.
4. A method for automatically monitoring risk based on BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure, which is characterized in that the system for automatically monitoring risk based on BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a sensor on a working base point on the deep foundation pit to be detected to acquire various data in the deep foundation pit to be detected;
s2, the data collected by the sensor is transmitted to a platform layer for processing, the platform layer can convert the data into a specific format and send each index after the collected data is calculated to the application layer;
s3: and the application layer is combined with the BIM model established by the deep foundation pit to be detected and is used for displaying indexes corresponding to the deep foundation pit to be detected.
5. The BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S1, the horizontal displacement of the deep foundation pit is monitored by adopting a small angle method and a polar coordinate method, and the settlement observation point of the deep foundation pit is monitored by embedding a settlement observation point.
6. The BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein in S2, data transmission is performed between the sensor and the platform layer through a wired connection.
7. The BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein in S2, data transmission is performed between the sensor and the platform layer through a wireless connection.
8. The BIM deep foundation pit infrastructure risk automatic monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein in S1, an audible and visual alarm and a smoke alarm are further arranged in the deep foundation pit to be detected.
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| CN113280787A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 山东大学 | Bridge linear detection method based on opposite side height difference measurement |
| CN113280787B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-09-09 | 山东大学 | Bridge linear detection method based on opposite side height difference measurement |
| CN115829333A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-03-21 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | Construction project monitoring data management system based on blockchain |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |