JPH11514289A - 汚れが付かない流通式キャパシタ、システム、及び分離方法 - Google Patents
汚れが付かない流通式キャパシタ、システム、及び分離方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH11514289A JPH11514289A JP9515147A JP51514797A JPH11514289A JP H11514289 A JPH11514289 A JP H11514289A JP 9515147 A JP9515147 A JP 9515147A JP 51514797 A JP51514797 A JP 51514797A JP H11514289 A JPH11514289 A JP H11514289A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- flow
- electrode
- electrodes
- capacitors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/50—Conditioning of the sorbent material or stationary liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6052—Construction of the column body
- G01N30/6069—Construction of the column body with compartments or bed substructure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/96—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation using ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
- C02F2301/024—Turbulent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
- G01N2030/027—Liquid chromatography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/96—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation using ion-exchange
- G01N2030/965—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation using ion-exchange suppressor columns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
- G01N30/38—Flow patterns
- G01N30/46—Flow patterns using more than one column
- G01N30/461—Flow patterns using more than one column with serial coupling of separation columns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6034—Construction of the column joining multiple columns
- G01N30/6043—Construction of the column joining multiple columns in parallel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/60—Construction of the column
- G01N30/6095—Micromachined or nanomachined, e.g. micro- or nanosize
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.溶質又は流体の電気浄化、濃縮、分離、回収、又は電気化学的分解で使用す るための少なくとも一つの陽極−陰極対を有する耐汚性流通式キャパシタであっ て、このキャパシタは、高表面積材料を有し且つ陽極電極と陰極電極との間に非 導電性スペーサが設けられた一つ又はそれ以上のモノリシックの間隔が隔てられ た陰極−陽極電極対を有する、耐汚性流通式キャパシタにおいて、電極表面に亘 って障害のない流体流れをもたらす開放流路が電極間に設けられており、この流 路は、キャパシタの汚損を阻止するのに十分な幅を持ち、前記開放流路は少なく とも一つの寸法がキャパシタの外側に対して開放している、ことを特徴とするキ ャパシタ。 2.前記開放流路は、比較的短く、前記電極の長さ又は高さよりも短い、請求項 1に記載のキャパシタ。 3.前記開放流路は直線状である、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 4.前記開放流路は、多数の平行な流路からなる、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ 。 5.前記流路は、多数の蛇行した流路からなる、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 6.流れ通路は、洗浄の目的で乱流を発生するためのバッフル手段を流体流路内 に有する、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 7.前記開放流路は、ほぼ平行な複数の直線状流路からなり、これらの流路の数 は、少なくとも、電極間の空間と同数である、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 8.前記流路の幅は、約1.27mm(約50ミル)以下である、請求項7に記載 のキャパシタ。 9.前記電極間の前記空間は、前記電極の輪郭に従って最も短く最も直線状の経 路に沿って前記キャパシタの外面まで延びる開放流路を形成する、請求項7に記 載のキャパシタ。 10.前記スペーサ材料は、一体の材料部品からなり、ワイヤ又はネットの形態を なしている、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 11.前記スペーサ材料は、多数のシム、突起、ロッド、又は糸からなる、請求項 1に記載のキャパシタ。 12.前記スペーサ材料は、押縁、多数の個々の突起、又はリブの形態で前記高表 面積電極材料に直接取り付けられた状態で製造される、請求項1に記載のキャパ シタ。 13.前記モノリシックの高表面積材料は、結合又は焼結活性炭粒子、エーロゲル 粒子、導電性セラミック、活性炭ファイバ布、繊維質金属でコーティングしたプ ラチナ、又は遷移金属の酸化物、硼化物、及び窒化物、及びこれらの組み合わせ からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 14.前記モノリシックの高表面積材料は、結合剤とともに焼結し、金属でドーピ ングした活性炭からなる、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 15.前記高表面積材料に電気的に固定された導電性裏打ち体を含む、請求項1に 記載のキャパシタ。 16.前記導電性裏打ち体は、一体の金属又は黒鉛フォイルシート材料からなる、 請求項15に記載のキャパシタ。 17.前記キャパシタ電極は、螺旋状に巻いた形態であり、前記スペーサ材料は開 放ネット又はメッシュの形態である、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 18.前記キャパシタ電極は、中央チューブを中心として配置した三日月形のプリ ーツの形態であり、スペーサ材料は開放ネット又はメッシュ材料の形態である、 請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 19.前記キャパシタ電極は、平らな多角形の形態であり、前記キャパシタは、平 らな多角形の又は円形の箱状カートリッジ内に配置される、請求項1に記載のキ ャパシタ。 20.前記キャパシタ電極は、多数のロッド又はチューブの形態である、請求項1 に記載のキャパシタ。 21.前記キャパシタ電極は複合高表面積導体で形成されており、導電性裏打ち体 又は繊維質ネットワークが単一の一体の材料として一緒に形成されている、請求 項1に記載のキャパシタ。 22.前記電極間の幅間隔は、約0.127mm乃至0.508mm(約5ミル乃至2 0ミル)であり、開放流路の長さは約30.48cm(約12インチ)である、請 求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 23.キャパシタを汚損する傾向がある溶質又は流体の電気浄化、濃縮、分離、回 収、又は電気化学的分解で使用されるようになった流通式キャパシターカートリ ッジシステムにおいて、 a)高表面積導体を含む一つ又はそれ以上のモノリシックの間隔が隔てられた電 極対であって、1.27mm(50ミル)以下の開放流路をその間に有することを 特徴とする電極対と、 b)電極間の空間と少なくとも同数の流路からなるほぼ平行な多数の流路を含む 流路と、 c)流体流れ供給入口及び製品出口を持つ漏れ止め容器の内部にキャパシタをシ ールするカートリッジ手段とを有するシステム。 24.前記キャパシタカートリッジは、液体デッド容積を有し、前記システムは、 加圧ガスによって前記デッド容積から液体を追い出すための手段を含む、請求項 23に記載のシステム。 25.前記キャパシタと連結しており且つ前記キャパシタによって処理される飽和 廃物源と、前記飽和廃物をリサイクルし、廃物を固形粒子として回収するための 手段とを含む、請求項23に記載のシステム。 26.過飽和溶液からの沈澱をトリガーするための手段が設けられた上澄み取り出 しタンクを含む、請求項25に記載のシステム。 27.電流を時間で積分し、前記キャパシタの再生サイクルをトリガーする所定の 充電量を計算することによって制御される制御システムを含む、請求項23に記 載のシステム。 28.単一のキャパシタ、及び処理を受ける流体流れを平均化し、連続した製品流 を提供するための滞留タンクを含む、請求項23に記載のシステム。 29.三つ又はそれ以上の同時再生キャパシタがシステム中に設けられ、多数のキ ャパシタが電気的に直列に接続されており、システム中の比較的少数のキャパシ タを再充電するのに使用される、請求項23に記載のシステム。 30.前記キャパシタを通る流れ入口内への溶液の流れが充電サイクル又は放電サ イクル毎に逆転するか或いは、電極の極性か充電サイクル又は放電サイクル毎に 逆転する、請求項23に記載のシステム。 31.溶液又は流体を処理し、製品流を提供する方法において、溶液又は液体の供 給流を請求項1のキャパシタの開放流路に通す工程を含む方法。 32.前記スペーサは、複葉ネット材料からなる、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 33.前記電極は、導電性裏打ち層を含む、請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 34.前記キャパシタの内部電気抵抗は、約4Ω以下である、請求項1に記載のキ ャパシタ。 35.前記電極は、導電性裏打ち材料と接触した非導電性項表面積材料からなる、 請求項1に記載のキャパシタ。 36.前記スペーサは、スクリーン印刷によって付けられた微小突起である、請求 項1に記載のキャパシタ。 37.前記開放流路は、1.27mm(50ミル)以下の多数の直線状の平行な流路 を含み、この寸法は、電極のX−Y−Z寸法よりも小さい、請求項1に記載のキ ャパシタ。
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US08/541,880 | 1995-10-10 | ||
US08/541,880 US5620597A (en) | 1990-04-23 | 1995-10-10 | Non-fouling flow-through capacitor |
PCT/US1996/016157 WO1997013568A1 (en) | 1995-10-10 | 1996-10-09 | Non-fouling, flow-through capacitor, system and method of separation |
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JP2008203404A Division JP2009018305A (ja) | 1995-10-10 | 2008-08-06 | 汚れが付かない流通式キャパシタ、システム、及び分離方法 |
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JP51514797A Expired - Lifetime JP4790878B2 (ja) | 1995-10-10 | 1996-10-09 | 汚れが付かない流通式キャパシタ |
JP2008203404A Pending JP2009018305A (ja) | 1995-10-10 | 2008-08-06 | 汚れが付かない流通式キャパシタ、システム、及び分離方法 |
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JP (2) | JP4790878B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE291494T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU706578B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69634516T2 (ja) |
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- 1996-10-09 JP JP51514797A patent/JP4790878B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-09 DE DE69634516T patent/DE69634516T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-09 ES ES96936279T patent/ES2241005T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-09 EP EP96936279A patent/EP0861114B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-09 AU AU14325/97A patent/AU706578B2/en not_active Expired
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JP2012506767A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2012-03-22 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 水性液を精製する方法及びシステム |
JP2012521290A (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2012-09-13 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 脱塩装置からイオン性化学種を除去する方法 |
US8864911B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2014-10-21 | General Electric Company | Method for removing ionic species from desalination unit |
JP2013529131A (ja) * | 2010-05-17 | 2013-07-18 | ボルテア ビー.ブイ. | イオンを除去するための装置、およびイオンを除去するための方法 |
US9540260B2 (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2017-01-10 | Voltea B.V. | Apparatus for removal of ions, and a method for removal of ions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0861114B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
US5779891A (en) | 1998-07-14 |
ES2241005T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
US5620597A (en) | 1997-04-15 |
ATE291494T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
EP0861114A4 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
AU1432597A (en) | 1997-04-30 |
JP2009018305A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
WO1997013568A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
DE69634516D1 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
EP0861114A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
AU706578B2 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
JP4790878B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
DE69634516T2 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
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