JPH11258516A - Stereomicroscope allowed to be ubserved by plural observers - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To arrange each eye point on a position close to an object with respect to a stereomicroscope allowed to be observed by many observers by arranging a face intersecting with the light division face of a reflection member for dividing a beam emitted from a variable power optical system into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam on the inside of the beam emitted from the variable power optical system. SOLUTION: A beam exited from an afocal relay system is divided into three components, i.e., center, right and left transmission/reflection, by a three-division prism 22. The prism 22 is constituted so that the intersection lines of reflection faces of light division prisms 22L, 22R intersect with the exiting optical axis of the relay system. A beam transmitted to a main observation side through the prism 22 is made incident upon a main observation side roof prism 23. On a right sub-observation side, a beam made incident upon the prism 22R is reflected by its internal half mirror face and made incident upon a sub-observation side roof prism 28 and the movement of its image center is reduced by a wedge prism 30. A sub-observation side lens barrel 21 is arranged on the exit side of the prism 30. The left sub-observation side and the right sub-observation side are mutually sym-meterial and have the same action.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention has a pair of left and right aperture stops behind a common optical system including a variable power optical system, which divides the left and right light beams into left and right eyes. The present invention relates to a stereoscopic microscope for performing stereoscopic observation on a microscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A stereomicroscope is effective when performing an operation on an object because it can observe an object in an enlarged manner and can obtain three-dimensional information, and is particularly effective as a surgical microscope.

[0003] Such a stereoscopic microscope will be described using a surgical microscope as an example.

[0004] Surgical microscopes are desired to have a configuration in which a plurality of observers can simultaneously observe an image from a free direction in order to enable more difficult operations.

In order to meet this demand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-15641 discloses an example of a surgical microscope in which light beams forming respective images viewed by the right and left eyes are passed through one variable-magnification optical system.
An operating microscope described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2 (JP-A) No. 2 is known. In this conventional example, the observation direction can be freely changed by rotating the left and right optical path aperture stops provided behind the variable power optical system around the optical axis of the variable power optical system. It is of a configuration that allows observation by a person.

Another conventional example is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-318.
A stereo microscope described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 882 is known.
In this conventional example, a relay system is arranged behind the above-described variable power optical system so that aberrations can be satisfactorily corrected. For this purpose, a light member is bent by providing a reflecting member with a longer optical path length so that the eye point is lowered to the object side. Also, in order to reduce the change in the three-dimensional effect due to zooming,
The stop is placed at a position conjugate with the aperture.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a stereomicroscope enabling observation from any direction. In the figure, 1
Is a half mirror, 2 is an objective lens, 3 is a three-dimensional adjustment diaphragm, 4, 5, and 6 are reflecting members, 7 is an afocal zoom system, 8 is a light dividing member, 9 is a reflecting member, and 10 is a relay system. Lenses, 11, 12, and 13 are reflection members, and 14 is a relay-system second lens.

In such a conventional stereomicroscope, an illumination device for illuminating coaxially with the observation axis of the observation object is provided on the opposite side of the half mirror 1 from the object side (above the half mirror 1 in the figure). ing. The light beam from the object illuminated by the illumination device is reflected by the half mirror 1 and passes through the objective lens 2 to become an afocal light beam.
The afocal light beam passes through the three-dimensional effect adjusting aperture 3 to suppress a change in the three-dimensional effect due to zooming, is reflected by the reflecting members 4 and 6, and travels upward in the drawing. After passing through an afocal zoom system 7 coaxial with the objective lens 2 disposed behind the reflecting member 6, the light is split by the light splitting member 8. That is, the light beam emitted from the afocal zoom system 7 is reflected by the light splitting member 8, reflected by the reflecting member 9, and directed downward in the drawing, and then the object is formed by the first lens 10 of the relay system that forms the afocal light beam. After the image is formed, the light is reflected by the reflection members 11, 12, and 13, respectively, and is directed upward in the drawing on the extension of the incident optical axis from the object (the incident optical axis to the half mirror 1), and is substantially parallel to the incident optical axis. become. Thereby, even when an optical system having a long optical path length is used, it is possible to bring the position of the object closer to the position of the eyes of the observer,
The eyepoint position can be lowered, making it possible to handle the same as a normal stereo microscope. In this optical system, the pupil position can be easily adjusted by disposing a lens near the imaging point of the relay system.

Next, as a conventional example of an intermediate lens barrel portion for performing observation by a plurality of observers as in the stereomicroscope of the present invention, an intermediate lens barrel portion for splitting a light beam for two-person observation is shown in FIG.
1 will be described.

In FIG. 11, reference numeral 15 denotes a beam splitter which divides the beam into a main observation side and a sub observation side, 16 denotes a roof prism provided on the main observation side, and 17 denotes a lens barrel on the main observation side.
Numeral 18 denotes a parallelogram prism, numeral 19 denotes a roof prism reflecting three times, numeral 20 denotes an image rotator, numeral 21 denotes a sub-observation side lens barrel, and these constitute an optical system on the sub-observation side.

In the intermediate lens barrel portion shown in FIG. 11, of the light beams emitted from the imaging relay system once, the light beams enter the beam splitter 15, and the light beams passing through the beam splitter travel to the main observation side. That is, the luminous flux transmitted through the beam splitter 15 is converted into an erect image by the erect roof prism 16, then enters the main observation side lens barrel 17 and is observed by the main observer.

The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 15 is directed to the sub-observation side and is incident on a parallelogram prism 18. After exiting the beam, it passes through a roof prism 19 to become an erect image, and becomes an image rotator 20. After passing through, the light enters the auxiliary lens barrel 21 and is observed by the auxiliary observer.

As described above, the intermediate barrel on the sub-observation side uses a parallelogram prism to keep an appropriate distance from the main observation side, and is rotatable about the optical axis of the relay system as a rotation axis.
The roof prism 19 is made rotatable about the optical axis between the parallelogram prism 16 and the roof prism 19 as a rotation axis.
By rotating the optical system further behind, at the same time
By rotating the sub-observation side lens barrel at a double angle, the viewing direction can be changed without rotating the image. The opening is located at a position deviated from the lens barrels 19 and 21 on the main observation side and the sub observation side so that the optical path length substantially matches the main observation side,
The opening is provided in front of the image rotator 20 in consideration of miniaturization of the image rotator.

By using this intermediate lens barrel, two observers can observe at the same time. In addition, by arranging the divided parts in several stages, simultaneous observation by three or more observers becomes possible.

If a stereomicroscope using this intermediate lens barrel is used for surgery, a plurality of operators can participate. But,
It is desirable that the distance between the operator and the operation site is short. In addition, if three operators are used, more advanced surgery can be performed, and a microscope in which objects and eyes are close to each other and whose images are bright is desired.

However, in this conventional example, it cannot be said that these requirements are sufficiently satisfied.

[0017] In addition, effective information for surgery can be obtained from invisible light or weak light. For example, when observed with infrared rays, the skin becomes transparent and the position of blood vessels becomes clear. May fluoresce. Television images are effective for observing these,
A slight difference can be emphasized by contour emphasis and color emphasis, which facilitates determination. It is desirable that these television images be provided to a plurality of operators in a state where they can be stereoscopically viewed, and can be checked while working during surgery. Moreover, it is desirable that the television shooting position is arranged so as not to disturb the work and is small.

[0018]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a first object of the present invention to provide a stereomicroscope which is observed by a large number of observers, wherein the eyepoint is located at a position close to an operation surface. is there.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a stereo microscope capable of performing stereoscopic imaging in accordance with an observation direction of an observer.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a stereomicroscope which enables observation and stereoscopic imaging by a large number of observers, and is a small-sized imaging device.

[0021]

A stereo microscope according to the present invention comprises:
An objective lens system, a variable power optical system, and a lens barrel optical system, wherein the objective lens system and the variable power optical system have the same optical axis and at least one image forming point; The system is
It consists of a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens and an eyepiece, and the left and right observation optical axes determined respectively by the left and right aperture stops pass through a place different from the optical axis of the variable power optical system, from the variable power optical system. A reflecting member having a light dividing surface for dividing a light beam into transmission and reflection; a light dividing surface of one of the reflecting members or a surface obtained by extending the light dividing surface and a light dividing surface of another reflecting member; Alternatively, a plane intersecting a plane obtained by extending the light dividing plane is inside the light beam from the variable power optical system.

That is, the present invention comprises, for example, an objective lens system, a variable power optical system, and a lens barrel optical system as shown in FIG. 10, and the optical axes of the objective optical system and the variable power optical system coincide with each other. In addition, it has at least one imaging point, and the lens barrel optical system is composed of a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece, which enables simultaneous observation by a large number of observers. .

For this purpose, the stereo microscope of the present invention comprises, for example, the objective lens 2 shown in FIG. 10, an afocal variable power system 7 coaxially mounted with the objective lens 2, and a single-image afocal relay system 10-14. Although the light beam is emitted from the afocal relay system, the light beam is split into two parts from the center using a three-segment prism 22 as shown in FIGS. It was done. Then, an intersection line between the surface reflecting in the left direction and the surface reflecting in the right direction intersects with the exit optical axis of the afocal relay system for one-time image formation. As a result, the size of the split prism can be reduced, so that the eye point of the main observer, which is the transmission side of the split prism, is not separated from the object, and a decrease in the brightness of the entire image can be reduced. Also, in the case where the number of divisions by the division prism is increased to enable observation by a larger number of observers, the boundary of each division surface is the second lens of the relay system (the lens 1 in FIG. 2).
4) The same effect can be obtained by locating, for example, a light beam having a width D in FIG.

Another configuration of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention comprises an objective lens, a variable power optical system, a lens barrel optical system, etc., as described above. It is characterized in that the image corresponds to the observation image by the lens barrel optical system.

For this reason, a plurality of lens barrel optical systems are provided, and a stereoscopic image corresponding to each of the observation optical systems is provided so that the captured stereoscopic image can be observed. That is,
A reflecting member for adjusting the number of reflections and the position of the pupil is provided in front of the three-dimensional television optical system, and this member is used instead of one of the left and right lens barrels on the sub-observation side. in this case,
It is preferable that the lens barrel on which the stereoscopic television optical system is installed and the other lens barrel be linked so that the observation position does not change. Further, a television photographing system may be arranged on the transmission side of the light splitting member 8 shown in FIG. 10, and this and the main observation side lens barrel may move in conjunction with each other. In this way, it is possible to ensure that there is no difference in the observation position between the television image and the observation image on both the main observation side and the sub observation side.

With this configuration, an image formed by light invisible to the naked eye, an image that is dark and difficult to confirm, an image enhanced by image processing, and the like are switched with an observation image, and are observed or superimposed. Efficient work is possible with few mistakes without feeling uncomfortable in the work.

Next, in another configuration of the stereo microscope according to the present invention, the stereo microscope described above is provided with a stereoscopic imaging device having a pair of optical paths including a first optical path and a second optical path. The apparatus has an image forming optical system for forming an image of a light beam once, and the aperture stop of the stereoscopic image pickup device is made to substantially coincide with the aperture stop of the lens barrel optical system.

That is, for example, the television photographing system is mounted on the transmission side of the light splitting member 8 in the optical system having the configuration shown in FIG. 10, or on one of the left and right sub-observation side barrels 21 shown in FIG. It is necessary to match the pupil on the observation side with the aperture stop of the imaging system. for that reason,
In the present invention, an image is formed once in the photographing system to provide an aperture stop, and a conjugate position of the aperture stop is provided on the object side. At this time, in order to match the left and right optical path lengths, the configuration is as shown in FIG. That is, in order to adjust the optical path length, a portion where the optical axes of both optical paths are parallel to each other is provided, and the optical path length is adjusted by moving a reflecting member provided in a section where the optical axes are parallel to each other. Thus, the optical path length can be adjusted without major changes by extending the optical path length. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, this portion extends from the incident optical axis of the reflecting member 37L in the left-eye optical path to the emission optical axis of the reflecting member 38L, and from the incident optical axis of the reflecting member 36R in the right-eye optical path to the reflecting member 37R. Up to the emission optical axis. This allows adjustment while keeping the size small. Further, if this configuration is adopted for both the left and right optical systems, the planes determined by the parallel optical axes are orthogonal to each other, so that the arrangement with a small volume becomes possible.

[0029]

Next, a first embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention will be described.

The first embodiment of the present invention divides a light beam emitted from a variable power optical system and enables observation by a plurality of observers. For example, the optical system shown in FIG. The light beam emitted from the second lens 14 of the relay system of the optical system (including a variable power optical system, etc.) is split into a plurality of light beams by a light splitting member and can be observed by many observers.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a stereo microscope according to the present invention.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a splitting system for splitting light emitted from a variable power optical system into a main observation side and two sub-observation sides according to the embodiment.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a division system for dividing a light beam into three as an example.

FIG. 1 shows a sub-observation side, 14 is a second lens of a relay system, and 22L and 22R are light splitting members (light splitting prisms) for splitting a light beam from the second lens 14, respectively.
Then, the transmission side, that is, the main observation side (FIG. 2)
Then, the light is divided into three directions on two sub-observation sides by reflection on the left and right. The line (intersecting line) where the reflection surfaces of the light splitting prisms 22L and 22R intersect with the exit optical axis of the relay second lens 14 intersects. This makes it possible to divide light evenly between the left and right sub-observation sides. The light beam on the main observation side that passes through the light splitting prism 22 enters a main observation side roof prism 23 as shown in FIG. 2, and a lens barrel that is rotated by 180 ° by the roof prism 23 is attached. The lens barrel has an imaging lens, an erecting optical system, and an interpupillary distance adjusting mechanism, and the tilt angle is variable. In this state, the aperture stop 25 is disposed at a position conjugate with the stereoscopic observation adjustment stop and the highest magnification of the afocal zoom system, so that the stereoscopic effect is prevented from increasing at the highest magnification.

The left and right sub-observation sides reflected by the light splitting prisms 22L and 22R are disposed symmetrically with respect to a plane including the emission optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system.

Next, the sub-observation side of the first embodiment will be described in more detail. On the right sub-observation side, the light beam incident on the light splitting member 22R from the second lens 14 of the relay system is reflected by the internal half mirror surface and then reflected once more internally and is incident on the light splitting member 22R. The light is emitted in a direction inclined by 45 ° with respect to the optical axis. The light beam emitted from the light splitting member 22R is incident on the sub-observation side roof prism 28, is internally reflected three times by the reflection surface and the roof surface, and is reflected in a direction perpendicular to the incident optical axis of the light splitting member 22R. That is, the light is emitted in the direction of the horizontal plane. Next, the wedge prism 30
Are arranged, thereby reducing the movement of the image center. That is, the wedge prism 30 compensates for the lack of processing accuracy of the image rotator prism 29, and the image rotator prism can be manufactured at low cost. A sub-observation side lens barrel 21 is provided on the exit side of the wedge prism 30.

The auxiliary observation side lens barrel 21 does not have an aperture stop unlike the main observation side lens barrel, but is otherwise the same as the main observation side lens barrel. The aperture stop is provided, for example, at a conjugate position when the afocal zoom system 7 of the stereoscopic effect adjustment stop 3 shown in FIG. 10 has the highest magnification. In the optical system of this embodiment, the wedge prism 30 and the auxiliary observation side lens barrel 21 are provided. And is located between. The left sub-observation side is symmetrical with the right sub-observation side, and the operation is the same.

The optical axis (observation optical axis) determined by the aperture stop and the image plane of the lens barrel is set to be closer to the main observation side optical axis of the light splitting member 22R, as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows the light splitting prism 22 from the second lens 14 side of the relay system.
L, 22R, the left eye opening 5 on the main observation side.
4L, opening 54R for the right eye, openings 55L and 55R for the left and right eyes on the left sub-observation side, opening 56 for the eyes on the left and right observation side
L, 56R are shown. Also, the second lens 1 of the relay system
The outgoing light beam 57 of No. 4 is narrowed by the stereoscopic effect adjusting aperture as the magnification increases, and becomes the outgoing light beam 58 at the highest magnification. By arranging in this manner, the light splitting member 22
The light flux is narrowed by L and 22R, so that dimming around the visual field and image blurring can be reduced.

Here, as shown in FIG. 9, when the distance between the optical axes of the lens barrel is A, and the distance between the surfaces including the left and right observation optical axes on the left and right sub-observation sides is B, if the following conditions are satisfied, the periphery of the field of view is satisfied. Less dimming.

0.6 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.8 Even if there is some dimming around the field of view, the focal length of the imaging lens is increased or the magnification of the eyepiece is increased. If the field of view is narrowed by increasing the magnification of the lens barrel optical system, dimming around the field of view can be eliminated.

Further, the optical system on the sub-observation side is constructed such that the image rotator prism 29 and the wedge prism 30 are integrated so that the optical system can be rotated with the rotation axis between the two observation optical axes for the left and right eyes. In other words, it can rotate as shown by 60 in FIG. 1 and constitutes a first rotating unit. The sub-observation-side lens barrel 21 including the aperture stop is also configured to be rotatable about the center of the left and right observation optical axes as a rotation axis as indicated by reference numeral 60, thereby forming a second rotating unit.

If the rotation angle α1 of the first rotation unit and the rotation angle α2 of the second rotation unit are rotated in the following relationship, the lens barrel can be rotated without rotating the image.

Α1: α2 = 1: 2 This is effective as an image correction for the sub-observer when the observer on the main observation side tilts the mirror forward and backward.

Further, the rotation from the sub-observation side roof prism 28 to the sub-barrel 21 around the middle of the left and right observation optical axes between the light splitting member 22R and the sub-observation side roof prism 28 is shown in FIG.
By rotating as shown by 7, the observation direction can be changed slightly. In this case, the boundary of the reflection surface is not on the emission optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system, but the reflection surface in the emission light beam includes the boundary of this reflection surface. Similarly, the observation direction is slightly changed by rotating the light splitting member 22R and the sub-observation lens barrel 21 to some extent with the rotation axis about the middle axis between the left and right observation optical axes on the incident side of the light splitting member 22R. Can be.

Further, the left and right sub-observation sides are integrated, and the three observation positions are changed by rotating the output optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system as a rotation axis as shown at 68 in FIG. Can be. At this time, it is preferable that the main observation side does not move in conjunction with the movement of the sub observation side.

Next, the main observation side of the stereomicroscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described as an example of a three-person observation unit (three divisions).

The main observation section of the first embodiment is shown in FIG.
And the eye point of the eyepiece is separated from the extension of the optical axis incident on the half mirror 1 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the half mirror 1 (hereinafter referred to as a shift direction) shown in FIG. This is an example in which there is not. That is, this is an example in which the observer's eyes are not separated from the optical axis of the light incident on the half mirror 1. The eye point of the eyepiece may be away from the incident optical axis, but the direction of the incident optical axis of the half mirror 2 is preferably closer to the observer's eyes in order to perform various operations on the object while observing. This is due to the strong demands of observers. The first embodiment is configured to meet this demand. That is, the roof prism 23 on the main observation side
Is the same as the roof prism on the sub-observation side shown in FIG. 1, but on the main observation side, the light beam emitted from the roof prism 23 is reflected in the shift direction through the reflection prism 24 which reflects twice. After exiting the reflection prism 24, an aperture stop 25 is provided. This is installed at the position where relaying is performed at the highest magnification of the afocal zoom system of the stereoscopic adjustment aperture. On the image side of the aperture stop 25, a main observation side lens barrel 21 having no aperture stop inside is mounted.

In the first embodiment on the main observation side, the eye point approaches the direction of the incident optical axis and moves away in the shift direction by adopting the above configuration.

Further, by rotating the main observation side lens barrel 21 as indicated by reference numeral 62 in FIG. 2 with the middle axis of the left and right aperture stops 25 as the rotation axis, the main observer can observe in any direction. And observation in an easy posture is possible.

The left and right sub-observation light beams on the sub-observation side in the first embodiment are separated by the light splitting members (22L, 22L).
22R,), there is a difference in the center and the in-focus state. To correct this, the reflection member 2 on the main observation side must be used.
Insert an afocal variable power lens between 4 and the lens barrel 21,
What is necessary is just to adjust the center and the focus with this zoom lens. The same applies to the second embodiment described later.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are views showing the structure of the main observation side and the sub observation side according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system on the main observation side as an example for three-person observation in the second embodiment. In this optical system, the reflecting surfaces for reflecting the emitted light beam split and reflected by the light splitting member 31 shown in FIG. 4 twice are arranged in parallel to each other. In other words, two reflecting members (reflecting prisms) 26 and 27 are arranged after the light beam is emitted, and these reflecting prisms are arranged so that their reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other. As a result, the eye point position can be adjusted while being parallel to the optical axis of the light emitted from the roof prism 23. Further, the two-reflection prism is constituted by the two prisms 26 and 27, so that the aperture stop 25 can be provided between the two-prisms, which are substantially conjugate with the three-dimensional adjustment stop. After passing through the aperture stop 25, the main observation side lens barrel 21 is arranged at the position of the light beam reflected by the prism 27 and emitted in a direction parallel to the emission direction of the Dachpurism 23. By providing an afocal variable power lens in the same manner as in the embodiment, it is possible to adjust the center and the focus. Further, it is possible to move the reflecting prism 27 and the lens barrel in the emission direction of the reflecting prism 26 within an allowable range, but if the allowable range is exceeded, image blurring occurs, which is not preferable. Also, the aperture stop 25 can be moved within an allowable range, but if it exceeds the allowable range, the difference between left and right brightness on the image plane becomes large. By moving the lens barrel and the like, the observer can freely select the position of the eye point in the incident optical axis direction and the shift direction, and an appropriate eye point can be obtained. In this case, instead of continuous adjustment, the reflecting prism 26
The adjustment may be made by inserting a specific unit to separate the gaps between. According to this means, interference of the lens barrel having the protruding portion can be prevented.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view (sub-observation side) of a stereoscopic microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention, taking a three-division formula as an example.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system of FIG. This embodiment is an example in which the eye points on the left and right sub-observation sides are lowered. Therefore, the angle of the light beam emitted from the light splitting member 31 is set to 30 ° with respect to the horizontal. The double-reflection roof prism 33 on the sub-observation side causes the light beam emitted from the roof prism 33 to be in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the image rotator prism 29 and the wedge prism 30 and the lens barrel 21 are further arranged after the roof prism 33 exits, similarly to the first embodiment.

As described above, on the sub-observation side of the second embodiment, the eye point on the sub-observation side is lowered due to the reduced exit angle of the light division. The line of intersection between the left and right half mirror surfaces of the split prism 31 is the second relay system.
It is designed to be on the extension of the emission optical axis of the lens 14.
With this optical axis as a rotation axis, only the sub-observation side can be rotated as shown by 68 in FIG. In this case, the boundary of the reflection surface does not fall on the emission optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system, but the reflection surface in the emission light beam includes the boundary of this reflection surface.

FIGS. 1 to 4 showing the above-described first and second embodiments each show only one optical axis, but each comprises an optical system for the left eye and the right eye.
Therefore, the optical system has two optical paths (optical axes) on the left and right. The optical system on the sub-observation side shown in FIGS.
The optical systems on the main observation side shown in FIG. 3 can be used in any combination. Further, the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG. 4 can also be configured to be separated left and right by the rotation axis 69. In this case, one of the optical systems on the sub-observation side is replaced with the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG. It can also be used in place of the system. When divided into two optical systems in this way, it is also possible to independently rotate the respective optical systems on the sub-observation side, as in FIG. In FIG. 1, one of the optical systems on the sub-observation side can be replaced with the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG.

Next, in the stereomicroscope of the present invention, a three-dimensional image using a three-dimensional photographing system is obtained, and the third embodiment of the configuration in which this three-dimensional image corresponds to an observation image is provided. An embodiment will be described.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, 34L, 3
4R is an imaging lens for left and right observation systems, 35L, 36L, 3
7L, 38L, 40L and 35R, 36R, 37R,
Reference numerals 38R and 40R denote left and right reflection members (reflection prism, total reflection prism, reflection mirror) of the observation system, 39L and 41, respectively.
L and 39R, 41R are left and right relay optical systems, respectively.

In the optical system shown in the figure, the optical path for observation of the left eye passes through the imaging lens 34L and is perpendicular to the plane including the optical axis of the imaging lens 34L by the reflecting member (reflection prism) 35L. And is reflected by a reflecting member (reflecting prism) 36L in a direction perpendicular to the left-eye imaging optical axis of the incident and exit of the reflecting member 35L, and then reflected by the reflecting member 36L of the left-eye imaging optical axis of the entering and exiting of the reflecting member 35L. , And is reflected by the reflecting member 37L in a direction parallel to the left-eye imaging optical axis passing through the left-eye imaging lens 34L,
The reflecting surface of the reflecting member (reflecting prism) 38L is directed in a direction parallel to the left-eye imaging optical axis between the reflecting member 36L and the reflecting member 37L, and is reflected by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member (reflecting prism) 40L. The light beam is directed in a direction parallel to the left-eye imaging optical axis between the members 36L. The reflection member (reflection prism) 42L is a reflection member mounted in accordance with the position of the television camera, and does not need to be provided when a small television camera is mounted, and may be provided on an extension of the emission optical axis of the reflection member 40L. Good. Reference numeral 59R denotes an imaging surface on the left eye side.

On the other hand, in the right-eye observation system, the light flux is transmitted through the left-eye imaging lens 34R, and is incident on the reflection surface of the reflection member 35R in parallel with the left-eye imaging optical axis between the reflection members 35L and 36L. The light is reflected in a direction opposite to a plane including the left and right photographing optical axes. The luminous flux reflected by this surface is reflected by the reflecting member 36L and the reflecting member 37L by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 36R.
Are reflected in the same direction parallel to the left-eye imaging optical axis. Next, the light beam is directed parallel to and in opposite directions to the reflecting member 35R and the reflecting member 36R by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 37R, and the reflecting member 37L and the reflecting member 3 are reflected by the reflecting member 38R.
The light is reflected in the same direction parallel to 8L, and is reflected by the reflecting member 40R in the same direction parallel to the optical axis for the left eye between the reflecting members 40L and 42L. Further, the light beam is reflected by the reflecting member 4.
2R may be omitted depending on the size of the television camera, similarly to the left-eye reflection member 42L. Reference numeral 59R denotes an imaging surface on the right eye side.

As described above, with the left and right photographing optical systems, the rotation of the image by the rotation of the left and right prism systems in the left and right optical systems coincides with each other.

In the lens system of the left and right photographing optical systems, it is necessary to provide an aperture stop at a position conjugate with the three-dimensional effect adjustment stop 3. Therefore, it is necessary to form an image of the aperture stop outside the imaging system. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange a relay lens that forms an image once inside the photographing system and forms this image again. Then, a television photographing system may be set at the second image forming point to photograph an image. An aperture stop is placed between the first image forming point and the second image forming point, an image is taken out of the photographing system, and relayed to a position conjugate with the three-dimensional effect adjusting stop 3.

An embodiment of the relay system will be described.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment of an optical path for the left eye of this relay system, and have the following data. Example 1 r ₁ = 52.2595 d ₁ = 3.8000 n ₁ = 1.52249 ν ₁ = 59.84 r ₂ = -25.8263 d ₂ = 2.2000 n ₂ = 1.61293 ν ₂ = 36.99 r ₃ = -92.6980 d ₃ = 4.0000 r ₄ = ∞d ₄ = 20.0000 n ₃ = 1.56883 ν ₃ = 56.36 r ₅ = ｄ d ₅ = 19.0000 n ₄ = 1.56883 ν ₄ = 56.36 r ₆ = ｄ d ₆ = 40.5000 r ₇ = ∞ d ₇ = 13.0000 n ₅ = 1.56883 ν ₅ = 56.36 r ₈ = ∞ d ₈ = 8.5000 r ₉ = ∞ d ₉ = 12.0000 n ₆ = 1.56883 v ₆ = 56.36 r ₁₀ = ∞ d ₁₀ = 19.0000 r ₁₁ = ∞ d ₁₁ = 11.0000 n ₇ = 1.56883 v ₇ = 56.36 r _{12 = ∞ d 12 = 5.8000 r} 13 = ∞ ( _{stop) d 13 = 7.7000 r 14 =} 16.7708 d 14 = 3.1404 n 8 = 1.69680 ν 8 = 55.53 r 15 = 144.6710 d 15 = 4.3618 r 16 = 79.2665 d 16 = 1.5331 _{n 9 = 1.67270 ν 9 = 32.10} r 17 = 9.0778 d 17 = 3.0000 r 18 = 12.3898 d 18 = 3.9647 n 10 = 1.58913 ν 10 = 61.14 r 19 = -62.1435 d 19 = 4.0000 r 20 = ∞ d 20 = 21.7300 n ₁₁ = 1.56 883 ν ₁₁ = 56.36 r ₂₁ = ∞ d ₂₁ = 31.5000 r ₂₂ = ∞ (image)

Example 2 r ₁ = 48.7360 d ₁ = 5.0000 n ₁ = 1.48749 ν ₁ = 70.23 r ₂ = -30.5370 d ₂ = 2.0000 n ₂ = 1.83400 ν ₂ = 37.16 r ₃ = -57.0210 d ₃ = 4.0000 r ₄ = ∞d ₄ = 20.0000 n ₃ = 1.56883 ν ₃ = 56.36 r ₅ = ∞ d ₅ = 20.0000 n ₄ = 1.56883 ν ₄ = 56.36 r ₆ = ∞ d ₆ = 30.5000 r ₇ = ∞ d ₇ = 12.0000 n ₅ = 1.56883 ν ₅ = 56.36 r ₈ = ∞ d ₈ = 10.0000 r ₉ = ∞ d ₉ = 12.0000 n ₆ = 1.56883 ν ₆ = 56.36 r ₁₀ = ∞ d ₁₀ = 18.0000 r ₁₁ = ∞ d ₁₁ = 2.5000 n ₇ = 1.51633 ν ₇ = 64.14 r ₁₂ = -35.4270 d ₁₂ = 3.0000 r ₁₃ = ∞ d ₁₃ = 12.0000 n ₈ = 1.56883 ν ₈ = 56.36 r ₁₄ = ∞ d ₁₄ = 3.0000 r ₁₅ = ∞ (aperture) d ₁₅ = 14.9936 r ₁₆ = 14.4950 d ₁₆ = 3.1000 n ₉ = 1.63980 v ₉ = 34.46 r ₁₇ = 30.3850 d ₁₇ = 4.0121 r ₁₈ = -25.5920 d ₁₈ = 2.0000 n ₁₀ = 1.72825 v ₁₀ = 28.46 r ₁₉ = 10.691 d ₁₉ = 4.5100 r ₂₀ = 31.4850 d ₂₀ = _{1.4500 n 11 = 1.80518 ν 11 =} 25.42 r 21 = 17.0410 d 21 = 3.3800 n 12 = 1.81600 ν 12 = 46.62 r 22 = -17.0410 d 22 = 11.2749 r 23 = ∞ d 23 = 21.2450 n 13 = 1.56883 ν 13 = 56.36 r ₂₄ = ∞ d ₂₄ = 33.5830 r ₂₅ = ∞ (image) Embodiment 1 of the relay system is shown in FIG. 6, where 34L is an imaging lens, and plane plates 35L, 36L, 37L, 38L, 4
0L is a reflection prism shown in FIG. 5, 41L is a relay lens, and 43L is an aperture stop.

In the first embodiment, the afocal light beam emitted from the afocal system 7 by the imaging lens 34L passes through the reflecting members 35L and 36L, and then forms an image inside the reflecting member 37L. After imaging, after transmitting through the reflecting members 38L and 40L,
An aperture stop 43L is provided at a position conjugate with the three-dimensional effect adjusting stop 3, and a relay lens 41L for re-imaging an image formed in the reflection member 37L is disposed behind the aperture stop 43L. The reflection lens 42L is formed by the relay lens 41L. Through the imaging surface 5
It is configured to form an image on 9L.

The observation system for the right eye has the same structure as the observation system for the left eye, but the arrangement position of the reflection member is slightly different from that for the left eye. That is, in the first embodiment, the reflecting member 37R is on the object side by 7.5 mm from the reflecting member 37L. The reflecting member 38R is 9.5 mm closer to the image than the reflecting member 38L. On the other hand, in Example 2, 37R is 4.5 m from 37L.
m object side. 38R is 13.5 more than 38L.
mm image side. In any case, the reflection members of the observation optical system for the right eye and the observation optical system for the left eye can be arranged as shown in FIG. 5 without changing the optical path length and without affecting the imaging performance.

In the first embodiment, there is no problem in using a single-panel television camera using a mosaic filter because the chief rays emitted from the relay system are not parallel. Using a camera causes color shading.

In the relay system according to the second embodiment, the afocal light beam emitted from the afocal zoom system 7 is parallel-plated (reflecting member) 37 by the imaging lens 34L in the configuration shown in FIG.
An image is formed between L and 38L. This light flux is reflected by the reflection member 38.
After passing through L, an image is formed again behind the reflecting member 42L by the relay lens 39L. At this time, the light beam emitted from the relay lens 41L is telecentric.

As described above, in the second embodiment, the relay lens 41
The light beam emitted from L is telecentric, whereby the occurrence of color shading can be suppressed even when a color separation prism using an interference film is used. That is, the relay lens 39L is telecentric and has a configuration in which the aberration is satisfactorily corrected.

As in the stereomicroscope of the present invention, the stereoscopic imaging system is difficult to observe when there is a difference between the left and right images such as the focus position, except for the difference between the left and right images due to parallax.
For this purpose, the left and right optical systems are generally the same,
Therefore, the left and right optical path lengths need to be matched. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the size of the television camera, with restrictions such as the position determined by the shape of the television camera. Further, the optical system of the present invention has a longer overall length, and therefore, it is effective to lay out the optical system so that the mechanical movement is small and a sufficient optical path length can be obtained.

Therefore, the optical axis from incident to outgoing is located on a plane including two or more reflecting surfaces, and the optical axes of incoming and outgoing are parallel and the traveling direction of light is opposite. Is preferred.

The optical system shown in FIG. 5 has a configuration from the emission of the reflection member (reflection prism) 36L to the incidence on the relay lens and the optical axis from the emission of the reflection member (reflection prism) 35R to the incidence on the reflection member 36R. Are arranged as described above. Thus, when the reflecting member is moved in the optical axis direction, the optical path length changes by twice the moving amount, which is effective for adjusting the optical path length.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the optical path for the left eye moves the reflecting member 37L and the reflecting member 38L in the direction of the parallel optical axis, that is, in the directions of the arrows 63 and 64.
It is also effective to move the reflecting member 36R and the reflecting member 37R in the optical path for the right eye, that is, move the reflecting member 37R in the directions of arrows 65 and 66, and use this portion as an adjustment portion. Further, it is desirable that the planes are orthogonal to each other in the left and right photographing optical paths, so that the three-dimensional projection can be reduced. When the reflecting members 35L, 36L, 35R, 36R and the like are fixed, it is desirable to join 35L and 36L, and 35R and 36R, since it becomes possible to reduce the size of the entire optical system. The embodiments of the relay system are all 35L, 36L and 35L.
R and 36R are joined together.

In this stereoscopic imaging system, the plane including the incident optical axes for the left and right eyes is parallel to the plane including the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis of the light splitting member 8 shown in FIG. In addition, if the imaging lens 34R is positioned on the side of the reflecting member 9 of the light dividing member 8, the image on the sub-observation side can be oriented in the same direction as the main observation side.

Since the stereoscopic imaging system having the above-described configuration according to the present invention is considered to be disposed behind the light dividing member 8 of the optical system shown in FIG. 10, the reflection by the reflection member of the imaging system is an odd number of times. is there. However, when this photographing system is attached to the position of the observation lens barrel 21 in FIGS.
Since the number of reflections before the light enters the photographing system is an even number, the image becomes a back image, and the position of the three-dimensional effect adjusting aperture 3 and the aperture stop are not aligned. In order to maintain a conjugate relationship with the adjustment aperture 3, the reflecting member for the odd number of reflections is provided with an imaging lens 34L,
Before 34R, it is necessary to be able to be attached instead of the lens barrel.

Next, an optical system according to a fourth embodiment of the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, which is configured to provide television images to a plurality of observers, will be described.

An embodiment of a configuration in which a television image can be observed by using the optical system of the present invention which is simultaneously observed by three observers by the above-described three divisions will be described.

FIG. 8 shows a structure capable of observing the television image. In the figure, reference numerals 44L and 44R denote observation imaging lenses for the left and right eyes, 45L and 45R denote reflecting portions, 46L and 47L, 46R and 47R are image rotators, 48L and 48R and 49L and 49R are reflection members, 50L and 50R are image insertion members, and 51L and 51R.
Is an eyepiece, 52L and 52R are display devices, 53L and 5
3R is an imaging lens.

In the observation lens barrel having the structure shown in FIG. 8, an afocal light beam enters the image forming lens 44L in the optical system on the left eye side, and an image is formed by this lens. The light is reflected by the reflecting member 45 in a direction perpendicular to the incident optical axis, and
The light enters 6L and 47L, is reflected five times inside, and then exits on an extension of the incident optical axis. Here image rotator 4
The light beam emitted from 7L enters the reflecting member 48L, is reflected therein three times, and then exits in a direction parallel to the incident optical axis and opposite to the incident direction. The light beam emitted from the reflecting prism 48L enters the reflecting member 49L, is reflected in a right angle direction, and is emitted. After being reflected by this reflecting member 49L, the image forming point by the image forming lens 44L is located. The image formed by the imaging lens 44L is magnified and observed by the left eye by the eyepiece 51L.

The right eye is also magnified and observed through the eyepiece 51R by the right eye by the same operation.

In the above optical system, an image can be formed into an erect image by rotating the image rotator about its optical axis as a rotation axis so that the image is formed by the image rotators 46L and 47L and 46R and 47R.

In FIG. 8, since the configuration is described so as to be easily understood, the image rotator in the state shown in FIG. 8 does not form an erect image. However, the arrangement is actually rotated by 90 ° around the rotation axis.

Here, in order to change the tilt angle, the image rotator is rotated by an angle θ around the rotation axis, so that the reflection member 48L and the eyepiece 51L after the image rotator are rotated by 2θ around the same rotation axis. Thus, the tilt angle can be changed without rotating the image.

In addition, in order to adjust the interpupillary distance of the eyepiece, it is possible to move from the reflecting member 49L to the eyepiece 51L in the direction of the incident optical axis of the reflecting member 29L.

In order to maintain the in-focus state, the eyepiece 51L also moves in the optical axis direction with the movement of the interpupillary distance adjustment.

Further, in order to display an image photographed by the stereoscopic photographing system, display devices 52L and 52R are provided in the lens barrel, and these are mounted on the eyepiece 51 by relay lenses 53L and 53R.
It is configured to match the image planes of L and 51R.

As described above, the image of the photographing system can be directly observed on the eyepiece 51L by the image insertion member 50L. The display device 52L may be a reflective liquid crystal display in addition to the liquid crystal monitor. Also, the image insertion member 50L
In the case of switching, a switching mirror is used, and when combining, a half mirror is used.

Further, when the television image pickup system is provided on the main observation side, it is arranged behind the reflecting member 8. It should be attached to the. It is desirable that the sub-photographing system to which the photographing system of the sub-observation side is attached has the image direction adjusted to the sub-observation system on the other sub-observation side. For this purpose, the reflecting member of the odd number of reflections attached in front of the sub-imaging system has a surface formed by the optical axis inside the reflecting member (a surface including the optical axis) which includes the left and right optical axes of the sub-imaging system. It may be made parallel to. Furthermore, the left-eye imaging system of the sub-imaging system may be matched to the right-eye emission optical path of the sub-imaging system. As a result, an image in the same direction can be obtained even when switching to the captured image on the sub-observation side. In this photographed image, a parallax due to a difference between an actual observation image and an opening position is generated, but the difference is slight, and there is no practical problem.

On the main observation side, the lens barrel is rotated with an axis extending from the optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system for the entrance of the lens barrel as a rotation axis, and the main observation side is rotated in conjunction with this rotation. The photographing optical system is rotated with the optical axis of the afocal zoom system 7 as the rotation axis, and the sub-observation side is formed by integrating the three split prisms into the left and right sub-observation sides so that the optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system is emitted. By rotating as the rotation axis, the relationship between the images of the sub photographing system and the sub observation system can be maintained. When the reflection member 28 is rotated with the incident optical axis as a rotation axis, the reflection member 28 can move in a left-right manner so that the difference in image direction between the sub-observation system and the sub-photography system does not occur.

The rotation of the lens barrel by the image rotator 29 does not move the optical axis on the object side, so that an interlocking mechanism is not required. Therefore, when attaching a three-dimensional imaging system to the image rotator 29, it is desirable to fix the image rotator 29 and the imaging device.

With the above configuration, even if the left and right stereoscopic imaging systems and the image insertion device are attached, the eye point of the observer does not increase, and the two observers, the main observer and the sub-observer, are provided. However, it is possible to obtain a television observation image with a good stereoscopic effect.

In the stereomicroscope according to the present invention, in addition to the configuration described in the claims, the stereomicroscope described in the following items can also achieve the object of the invention.

(1) The stereoscopic microscope according to claim 2, wherein the imaging direction of the stereoscopic imaging system changes in accordance with a change in the observation direction of the lens barrel optical system. And a stereo microscope.

(2) In the stereo microscope described in the above item (1), the variable power system includes an afocal variable power system and a relay system, and at least one stereoscopic photographing system includes an afocal variable power system and one. A stereomicroscope, wherein the stereoscopic microscope is arranged in a light beam split by a light splitting member arranged between the image forming relay systems.

(3) In the stereoscopic microscope described in the above item (2), an image pickup device provided with another image pickup system for a light beam emitted from the one-time image forming relay system is provided. A stereomicroscope which is common to an imaging device having an imaging system for a light beam split by a light splitting member.

(4) In the stereomicroscope according to claim 1, the position at which the light splitting surface of the light splitting member or a surface obtained by extending the light splitting surface intersects is the optical axis of the variable power optical system. A stereomicroscope characterized in that it is made to match.

(5) In the stereoscopic microscope described in the above item (4), a plurality of reflected light beams reflected by the light splitting surface of the light splitting member are respectively determined by the left and right eye observation aperture stops. A stereomicroscope having an image rotator that uses a common axis.

(6) In the stereoscopic microscope according to claim 3, both the first optical path and the second optical path have an image forming optical system, and the two image forming optical systems are A stereoscopic microscope comprising the same lens and including a reflecting member for matching the direction and magnification of an image in the stereoscopic imaging system.

(7) With the stereoscopic microscope described in the above item (6), a lens is arranged between the image point and the aperture between the image point and the image plane inside the stereoscopic imaging system, and photographing is performed. A stereomicroscope whose system is telecentric.

(8) The stereo microscope described in the above item (7), wherein the number of reflections of the stereoscopic imaging system can be switched between an odd number and an even number.

(9) In the stereoscopic microscope according to claim 3, the first optical path and the second optical path each have at least two reflecting surfaces, and one of the reflecting surfaces is provided. A stereo microscope wherein an incident first optical axis and a second optical axis emitted from the reflection surface are parallel to each other.

(10) In the stereoscopic microscope described in the item (9), the first plane including the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the first optical path; A stereomicroscope characterized in that the first optical axis and the second plane including the second optical axis in two optical paths intersect each other.

(11) The stereomicroscope according to the item (10), wherein the first plane and the second plane are orthogonal to each other.

(12) The stereo microscope according to claim 2, comprising a plurality of light splitting members having a light splitting surface for splitting a light beam from the variable power optical system into transmission and reflection. A stereo microscope, wherein the lens barrel optical system is connected to one of the light splitting members, and the stereoscopic imaging system is connected to another light splitting member.

[0103]

According to the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, a plurality of observers can observe a stereoscopic image of the same magnification in the same field of view at an easy-to-see position, and the eye point of each observer is close to the object. To come to. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a stereoscopic microscope provided with a stereoscopic photographing device which is small, can perform observation with a small difference between left and right images, and can be attached instead of a lens barrel. In addition, the stereoscopic microscope equipped with this imaging device can also bring the eye point closer to the object, so that a plurality of observers can observe a television image which is not different from an observation image.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration on a sub-observation side of a stereoscopic microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration on a main observation side of a stereoscopic microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration on a main observation side according to a second embodiment of the stereo microscope of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration on a sub-observation side according to a second embodiment of the stereo microscope of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an imaging system used in the stereo microscope of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of a relay system used in the imaging system.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the relay system used in the imaging system.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical system that enables observation with a television image.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between openings of a divided portion for three-person observation.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration from the objective lens to the relay system of a conventional stereomicroscope.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional stereomicroscope divided unit for two-person observation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 21 lens barrel 22L, 22R light splitting member 23, 28 roof prism 25 aperture stop 29 image rotator

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An objective lens system, a variable power optical system, and a lens barrel optical system, wherein the objective lens system and the variable power optical system have the same optical axis and have at least one image forming point. The lens barrel optical system includes a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece, and the left and right observation optical axes determined by the left and right aperture stops are different from the optical axes of the variable power optical system. In the passing stereomicroscope, having a reflecting member having a light dividing surface that divides the light beam from the variable power optical system into transmission and reflection,
The variable optical system is a plane in which a light splitting surface or an extended light splitting surface of one of the reflecting members intersects a light splitting surface or a light extended surface of the other reflecting member. A stereomicroscope characterized by being inside a light beam from a light source. 2. An objective lens system, a variable power optical system, and a lens barrel optical system, wherein the objective lens system and the variable power optical system have the same optical axis and at least one image forming point. Has,
The lens barrel optical system includes a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece, and left and right observation optical axes determined by the pair of aperture stops are different from the optical axis of the variable power optical system. A stereomicroscope, which passes through a stereoscopic microscope, wherein the stereoscopic microscope includes a stereoscopic imaging system, and a stereoscopic image obtained by the stereoscopic imaging system corresponds to an image observed by the lens barrel optical system. 3. An objective lens system, a variable power optical system, and a lens barrel optical system, wherein the objective lens system and the variable power optical system have the same optical axis and have at least one image forming point. The lens barrel optical system includes a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece, and the left and right observation optical axes determined by the left and right aperture stops are different from the optical axes of the variable power optical system. In the stereo microscope that passes, the stereo microscope includes a stereoscopic imaging system having a pair of optical paths including a first optical path and a second optical path, and the stereoscopic imaging system includes an imaging optical system that forms a light beam once. A stereoscopic microscope wherein the aperture stop of the stereoscopic optical system substantially matches the aperture stop of the lens barrel optical system.