JP4217405B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

【００２２】
作業上、作動距離が短い場合、図５に示すように、顕微鏡の物体側に左右の観察光束をほぼ透過する対物凹レンズ５０を設置することにより、作動距離を変えることが出来る。理想的な作動距離は、観察対象によっても異なるし、作業者によっても異なるので、作動距離は自由に変えられることが好ましい。そのためには、対物凹レンズ５０を動かすことが出来るようにすると良い。特に、実体顕微鏡においては、左右光軸の物体面でのなす角度の２等分線と対物凹レンズの光軸とを一致させ、その２等分線に沿って対物凹レンズ５０を動かすようにすれば良い。これにより、作業者は最良の作動距離を設定することが可能となる。
【００２３】
以下に、その対物凹レンズ５０のレンズデータを例示する。
r1=-78.035 d1=5.1 nd1=1.76182 νd1=57.7
r2=87.35 d2=5.2 nd2=1.72151 νd2=29.2
r3=653.22（左右の対物部1L, 1Rの物体側の面）
【００２４】
この場合、対物凹レンズ５０の像側の面頂と、実体顕微鏡の左右の対物部1L, 1Rの物体側第１面々頂との間の距離Lを3〜16.8まで変化させることにより、対物凹レンズ５０の物体側の面頂から物体までの光学的作動距離を300〜200まで変化させることが出来る。
【００２５】
上記の光学的作動距離を広げるには、対物凹レンズ５０の屈折力を、例えば、下記のように強くすれば良い。
r1=-72.09 d1=4.2 nd1=1.76182 νd1=57.7
r2=87.35 d2=5.2 nd2=1.72151 νd2=29.2
r3=653.22（左右の対物部1L, 1Rの物体側の面）
【００２６】
上記距離Lを2〜16.8の範囲で変化させることにより、光学的作動距離を372〜226の範囲で変化させることが出来る。この程度に光学的作動距離の変化範囲が広いと、対物凹レンズ５０を鏡体に組み込んだ状態で殆どの要望に応えられ、多数の交換レンズを用意しなくても済む。また、対物凹レンズ５０を複数のレンズ群で構成し、歪曲や像面湾曲の補正を可能にすることが出来る。なお、このような実体顕微鏡では、対物凹レンズ５０の代わりに凸レンズを用いてこれを動かすことにより、同様に光学的作動距離を変化させることは出来るが、この場合には、作動距離が小さくなることと、立体角が大きくなり易いことから、使い難いものになり易い。
【００２７】
また、実体顕微鏡では画像の記録が望まれるが、そのためには、観察系の途中にビームスプリッター等の光分割素子を配置して光路を分割し、物体像を撮影できるようにすれば良い。しかし、撮像素子の大きさが、通常のCCDやフィルムと大きさが異なって種類が多い上に、撮像素子にレンズが固定されているものさえある。このような場合、一回アフォーカル光束にして結像レンズを変えることにより、色々なサイズの撮像素子に対応させるようにしているが、視度にして０±２（／ｍ）の範囲であれば、アフォーカル光束と同等な効果が得られる。
【００２８】
アフォーカル光束を作る方法としては、光路中に凹レンズを配置してアフォーカル光束にする方法と、１回以上結像させて結像点の前後に凸レンズを配置してアフォーカル光束にする方法とがあるが、凹レンズ系を使うものを無結像タイプ、凸レンズ系を使うものを結像タイプと呼ぶことにする。
【００２９】
図６は、無結像タイプの光学系の概念図を示している。ここでは、傾斜角変更部材2L, 2R と正立化部3L, 3R との間をあけて、その間にビームスプリッタ30L, 30R を挿入している。そして、このビームスプリッタ30L, 30Rの透過側に目視用観察光学系を、反射側に撮影光学系を夫々配置している。撮影光学系は、ビームスプリッタ30Lまたは30Rの近くに光束を略アフォーカル光束にする負レンズ群８を配置して、光が負レンズ群８を通った後、反射部材９で反射させ、結像レンズ群１０により観察者の瞳位置IPに像を結ぶようにしている。この無結像タイプの場合、瞳位置IPを制御することが出来ないため、レンズ付きの撮影装置で撮影すると、像のケラレが発生することが多い。従って、この場合は、結像レンズ群１０を専用にして、撮像素子のみを置くのが良い。
【００３０】
この無結像タイプでは、同じ倍率のとき結像タイプに比べて全長を短くできるので、フィルムやデジタルスチール用の大型CCDに適している。特に、結像レンズ群のレンズ枚数を少なくしても問題ないので、像面と瞳位置IPの間に反射部材１１，１２を入れて撮像素子の位置を鏡体から離さないでも済むようにすることが出来る。
【００３１】
以下に、撮影系のレンズデータを例示する。ズームレンズから最初のレンズまでの距離を76.3 （空気換算長）とする。
r1=∞ d1=3 nd1=1.57501 νd1=41.5
r2=-89.86 d2=1.5 nd2=1.56873 νd2=63.2
r3=-29.72 d3=62.9
r4=176.52 d4=6.1 nd3=1.48749 νd3=70.2
r5=-64.22 d5=3 nd4=1.56732 νd4=42.8
r6=-220.34
上記d3の部分に反射部材を入れることにより、撮影系が鏡体より離れないで済む構成を採ることが出来る。
【００３２】
負レンズ群８からの射出光が略アフォーカルであることを利用して、図７に示すように、反射部材９の射出側にドーブプリズム３１を挿入し、このドーブプリズム３１の射出側に結像レンズ３２を入れ、表像にするため結像レンズ３２の射出側に更に反射部材３３を設置して、観察者の瞳位置IPに結像させる。この場合、ドーブプリズム３１を回転させることにより、像を回転させることが出来るので、画像を適切な構図にすることが出来る。従って、撮像装置として、１眼レフカメラか裏面にLCDを設置したデジタルカメラを用いれば、像の構図を確認できて好都合である。この場合、１眼レフファインダーやLCDが見易いようにするために、カメラへの入射光軸が水平または水平より上向きになるように設定するのが良い。
【００３３】
また、反射部材９以降の光学系を交換出来るようにすると、35mmフィルム, APSフィルム等使用フィルムの種類や、デジタルカメラ等使用カメラの種類に合わせて、レンズ系を選択することが可能となる。この場合も、必要に応じてドーブプリズム３１を挿入すれば、像の回転の調整も可能となる。更に、レンズ固定のデジタルカメラでも、接写撮影モードへの切替え装置や接写撮影用レンズ（接眼レンズでも可）等を取り付けることにより、接写撮影が可能のように構成することも出来る。その場合、ドーブプリズム３１を挿入して像を回転するようにすれば、デジタルカメラを動かさなくても、像の向きを補正することができ、その像をモニターで観察することが可能となる。
【００３４】
以下に、上記の無結像タイプでドーブプリズム３１を入れことが可能な撮影系のレンズデータを例示する。
r1=∞ d1=3 nd1=1.57501 νd1=41.5
r2=-89.86 d2=1.5 nd2=1.56873 νd2=63.2
r3=-29.72 d3=88.4
r4=94.87 d4=4.6 nd3=1.48749 νd3=70.2
r5=-40.39 d5=2.9 nd4=1.64769 νd4=33.8
r6=-85.20
【００３５】
上記レンズデータから明らかなように、負レンズ群８は図６に示したものと同じであり、負レンズ群８から結像レンズ群３２までの間隔と倍率が変えられていて、負レンズ群８と結像レンズ群３２の間にドーブプリズム３１が挿入され得るようになっている。このように、負レンズ群８と反射部材９を共通にして、ドーブプリズム３１を挿脱可能にすることにより、観察者のニーズに対応させることが出来る。
【００３６】
図８は、結像タイプの光学系の概念図を示している。結像タイプは、ビームスプリッタ30Lまたは30Rでの反射光の射出側に反射部材１３を配置し、そこからの出射光を正レンズ群１４により点Imに結像させ、この結像点Im付近に瞳リレーレンズ１５を配置し、その射出側に結像点Imに結像した光束をアフォーカル光束にする正レンズ群１６を配置し、更に、正レンズ群１６の射出側に撮像面に結像させる正レンズ群１７を配置して、瞳位置IPに結像させるようにしている。但し、瞳リレーレンズ１５は、これがなくても瞳が適切な位置にリレーされる場合は不要である。
【００３７】
この結像タイプでは、結像点Imに結像した像を、最も良く使われる撮像素子で撮影出来るようにし、他の撮像素子を使用する場合には、瞳リレーレンズ１５と正レンズ群１６を一体にしたユニットを取り付けて、略アフォーカル光束にすれば良い。このようにすれば、正レンズ群１７を一般的な風景や人物などを撮影する撮影レンズを使うことが出来る。この場合、瞳リレーレンズ１５の瞳リレー位置を一般的なレンズの瞳位置に合わせると、ケラレのない像が得られる。特に、デジタルカメラなどレンズ固定式のカメラも取り付けることが可能になる。
【００３８】
以下に、結像タイプの撮影系のレンズデータを例示する。ズームレンズ1Lまたは1Rの最終レンズから撮影系の最初のレンズまでの距離を97.5（空気換算長）とする。
r1=21.78 d1=6.6 nd1=1.65844 νd1=50.9
r2=-43.46 d2=1.5 nd2=1.78472 νd2=25.7
r3=∞ d3=0.4
r4=24.26 d4=4 nd3=1.51633 νd3=64.1
r5=∞ d5=1
r6=-125.8 d6=2.4 nd4=1.72151 νd4=29.3
r7=30.54 d7=9
r8=∞ d8=2 nd5=1.60342 νd5=38.0
r9=40.43 d9=21.4
r10=21.22 d10=0.9 nd6=1.78472 νd6=25.8
r11=8.18 d11=2.6 nd7=1.66672 νd7=48.3
r12=-18.8
【００３９】
上記データにおいて、r1〜ｒ６が正レンズ群１４のレンズデータ、r8及びr9が瞳リレーレンズ１５のレンズデータ、r10〜r12が正レンズ群１６のレンズデータである。このレンズ系では、略アフォーカル光束が射出され、無限遠付近に焦点の合うレンズを取り付けた撮影系を取り付けて撮影することが出来る。
【００４０】
左右それぞれにビームスプリッタ30L, 30R を挿入すると、撮像サイズの大きい静止画用の光学系と撮像サイズの小さい動画用光学系とを分けることができ、無理の少ないレンズ系を提供することが出来る。
【００４１】
なお、ビームスプリッタ30L, 30Rを含む鏡筒と含まない鏡筒を用意して、システム化することも出来る。しかし、ビームスプリッタを入れた分の光路長の差を、反射部材4Lと5L、4Rと5Rの間隔を夫々変えて調整することにより、撮影の必要のない人には、より小型の実体顕微鏡を提供することが出来る。また、撮影が必要な人には、各種サイズの撮像素子を有するカメラに対応させることが可能となる。
【００４２】
以上説明した実施例では省略したが、鏡体に照明系を内蔵すれば、調整なしに明るい像が観察できる。
なお、作動距離変更方法や撮影系や照明系は、以下に説明する他の実施例においても同様に採用することが出来る。
【００４３】
実施例２
図９及び１０は、本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第２実施例を示しており、図９は平面図、図１０は側面図である。
実体顕微鏡は、顕微鏡像を見ながら各種の作業を行なうだけでなく、直接観察物体を見て位置などの確認を行なう作業を行なうのに使用される。この場合、鏡体により物体面が遮られないように、覗く位置（アイポイント）を鏡体から離すことが望まれる。この要望に応えるためには、観察光軸を左右の光軸を含む平面より観察者側に移動させると良い。第２実施例は、観察光軸を移動させる部分（光軸シフト部）を利用して、左右光軸平行化部にしたものである。
【００４４】
即ち、対物部1L, 1R の像側に２つの反射部材１８L, １９L；１８R, １９Rを夫々配置して、これらにより観察光軸を観察者側へずらし、２番目の反射部材19L, 19Rをそれらへの入射光軸を回転軸として夫々回して、対物部1L, 1R の各光軸の中線と平行になるようにする。ここで、反射部材18Lと19L, 18Rと19Rが夫々平行であれば像の回転は起こらないが、実際には反射部材19Lと19Rを回転させているので、像の回転が生じる。この像回転を、第１実施例で示したのと同様に、正立光学系3L〜6L, 3R〜6Rを回転させて補正して、反射部材3L, 3Rの入射光軸と反射部材6L, 6Rの射出光軸とを平行にさせている。眼幅調整は、この正立光学系と接眼レンズまでの光学系3L〜7L, 3R〜7Rを、反射部材3L, 3Rへの入射光軸を回転軸として回転させることにより、行なわれる。
【００４５】
この光学系では、ティルティング(傾斜可変）にすることが出来る。即ち、左右光軸平行化部の反射部材19L, 19Rをミラーにして、該反射部材19L, 19Rへの入射光軸と反射後の光軸とに垂直な軸を回転軸として角度α回転させ、その後の光学系3L〜7L, 3R〜7Rを回転軸を同じにして角度２α回転させることにより、観察者が覗き込む角度を変えても、視野中心の像の状態が変わらないようにすることが出来る。
【００４６】
これにより、傾斜角が変わり、覗き易い実体顕微鏡が提供できる。更に、第１実施例と同様に、物体側に負レンズを入れて動かすことにより作動距離を変えたり、ビームスプリッタを入れて撮影装置を取り付けることができる、実体顕微鏡を提供することが出来る。
【００４７】
実施例３
図１１及び１２は、本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第３実施例を示しており、図１１は平面図、図１２は側面図である。
この実施例は、ティルティングの範囲を第２実施例よりも広げるため、ティルティングを接眼可動部で行なうようにしたものである。
この実施例では、対物部1L, 1R から出射した光束を移動させる反射部材20Lと21L及び20Rと21Rで光軸平行化部を構成している。そして、第２実施例と同様に、反射部材21Lと21Rの入射光軸を回転軸として、対物部1L, 1Rの各光軸の中線と平行になるように反射部材21Lと21Rを回転させようにしている。これにより、左側光路で角度θ、右側光路で角度−θの像回転が発生する。
【００４８】
反射部材21Lと21Rの像側に、夫々４つの反射部材22L〜25L, 22R〜25Rを含む接眼可動部が配置されている。反射部材22L〜25L, 22R〜25Rで構成された正立光学系と左右光軸平行化部とにより、発生した上記像回転の補正が行なわれると同時に、ティルティングが行なわれる。
【００４９】
この４つの反射部材22L〜25L, 22R〜25Rが正立光学系で、入射光軸と射出光軸を平行にすると、ポロII型プリズムの形状となる。最初の反射部材22L,22Rにより平行で且つ互いに逆向きに反射させ、それらの光軸を回転軸として反射部材23Lから接眼レンズ7Lまでの光学系と、反射部材23Rから7Rまでの光学系を夫々回転出来るようにし、更に、反射部材23Lと24L, 23Rと24Rを夫々反射した後の光軸を回転軸として、反射部材25Lから接眼レンズ7Lまで光学系と、反射部材25Rから接眼レンズ7Rまでの光学系を夫々回転出来るように構成する。ここで、反射部材22L, 22Rの反射後の光軸と反射部材24L, 24Rの反射後の光軸は平行になるようにする。そして、反射部材22L,22Rと反射部材23L，23Rの回転軸を角度α回転させた時、反射部材24L, 24Rと反射部材25L，25Rとの間の回転軸が角度２α回転するように連動させれば、ティルティングによる像の回転をなくすことが出来る。更に、左右光軸平行化部で発生する像回転θを補正するため、反射部材24L, 24Rと反射部材25L, 25Rの間の各光軸を回転軸として、像回転を補正する方向へ反射部材25Lから接眼レンズ7Lまでの光学系と、反射部材25Rから接眼レンズ7Ｒまでの光学系を夫々角度θだけ回転させておく。これにより、接眼可動部で左右光軸平行化部の像回転を補正するようにしている。
【００５０】
更に、眼幅調整用の平行四辺形のプリズム26L, 26Rを、それらへの入射光軸を回転軸として回転させることにより眼幅調整を行い、そして、この光学系で形成された左右の像IL, IRを接眼レンズ7L, 7Rで拡大して観察するようにしている。本実施例では、９０°以上のティルテイングが可能になり、より観察者に適した実体顕微鏡を提供することが出来る。
【００５１】
実施例４
図１３及び１４は、本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第４実施例を示しており、図１３は平面図、図１４は側面図である。
この実施例は、左右光軸平行化部の反射部材20L, 20Rを第３実施例とは反対の向きに取り付けて、左右光軸の延長方向から観察する時に入射光軸と観察光軸とのズレが少ないことが望まれる作業に適すように構成した点で、第３実施例と異なる。この場合、ティルティング機構は、第３実施例と同じであるが、光軸平行化部の像回転方向が第３実施例とは逆向きになる。そのため、反射部材25Lから接眼レンズ7L及び反射部材25Rから接眼レンズ7Rまでの、反射部材24Lと25L, 24Rと25Rの回転軸の周りの回転方向が、第３実施例とは逆向きにθとなる。
この実施例では、第３実施例と同様に、対物部1L, 1Rより像側で交換式にすることができ、観察者のニーズに対応させることができる。
【００５２】
上記各実施例のレンズデータにおいて、r1, r2,.....はレンズ各面の曲率半径、
d1, d2.....はレンズの肉厚及び空気間隔、nd1, nd2,.....は各レンズの屈折率、νd1,νd2,.....は各レンズのアッベ数を示す。
【００５３】
以上の説明したように、本発明の実体顕微鏡は、特許請求の範囲に記載した特徴の他に、下記の特徴を有する。
（１）接眼可動部が眼幅調整部であることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（２）接眼可動部がティルティング機構であることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（３）光軸平行化部にティルティング機構が設けれていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（４）鏡体の物体側に、作動距離（WD）を変えるため観察物体の方向に動き得る負レンズ群が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（５）光軸平行化部の像側に光分割素子を配置し、該光分割素子で分割された後ほぼアフォーカル光束にする撮影系が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（６）光束分割後、１回結像した後に略アフォーカル光束にする撮影系が設けられていることを特徴とする上記（５）に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（７）光束分割後、負レンズ群により略アフォーカル光束にする撮影系が設けられていることを特徴とする上記（５）に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（８）前記略アフォーカル光束内にドーププリズムを配置して、像の向きを補正する撮影系を設けたことを特徴とする上記（７）に記載の実体顕微鏡。
（９）モニター付き電子撮像装置が取り付けられて、該モニターにより前記像の向きを確認できるようにしたことを特徴とする上記（８）に記載の実体顕微鏡。
【００５４】
【発明の効果】
上述の如く、本発明によれば、グリノー型実体顕微鏡により既に構成されている部材を利用して光軸を平行にし、それにより発生する像回転も補正し得るようにしたので、小型で覗き易い観察姿勢を取ることができ、作業性の向上を計りうる実体顕微鏡を提供することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】顕微鏡における物体像の回転について説明する説明図である。
【図２】本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第１実施例の平面図である。
【図３】図２の側面図である。
【図４】図３の矢印A方向に見た図である。
【図５】第１実施例の一変形例を示す平面図である。
【図６】無結像タイプの概念を説明するための実体顕微鏡の側面図である。
【図７】第１実施例の他の変形例を示す側面図である。
【図８】第１実施例の更に他の変形例を示す側面図である。
【図９】本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第２実施例の平面図である。
【図１０】図９の側面図である。
【図１１】本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第３実施例の平面図である。
【図１２】図１１の側面図である。
【図１３】本発明に係る実体顕微鏡の第４実施例の平面図である。
【図１４】図１１の側面図である。
【図１５】グリノー型実体顕微鏡の一従来例を示す平面図である。
【図１６】グリノー型実体顕微鏡の他の従来例を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1L,1R 対物部
2L,2R 傾斜角変更部材
3L,3R;4L,4R;5L,5R;6L,6R,9,11,12,13,18L,18R;19L,19R;20L,20R;21L,21R;22L,22R;23L,22R;23L,23R;24L,24R;25L,25R;33 反射部材
7L,7R 接眼レンズ
8 負レンズ群
10 結像レンズ群
１４，１６，１７ 正レンズ群
１５ 瞳リレーレンズ
26L,26R 平行四辺形プリズム
30L,30R ビームスプリッタ
３１ ドーブプリズム
３２ 結像レンズ群
５０ 対物凹レンズ
６０ 観察物体
６１ 左目観察像
６２ 右目観察像
Ip 結像面
O 観察物点
WD 光学的作動距離[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stereomicroscope used to perform an operation on an observation object.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Stereomicroscopes can be broadly classified into Greenough-type stereomicroscopes and single-objective stereomicroscopes. The Greenough-type stereomicroscope has a part in which the optical axes of the left and right lens systems are arranged at a specific angle, so that the observation object is focused separately on the left and right sides, and the center of the field of view is aligned for stereoscopic observation. It is a thing. In this optical system, by attaching a simple lens such as a single lens on the object side, even if the working distance or magnification is changed, there is no abnormality in stereoscopic effect such as that an image appears to rise. However, it is difficult to adopt a tilting configuration that continuously changes the direction in which the observer looks into. However, since the angle of convergence is set, a good stereoscopic image can be obtained when the observer carefully observes the observation object.
[0003]
On the other hand, the single objective stereomicroscope is a stereomicroscope that creates a parallax object image by arranging a common objective lens on the object side of the left and right parallel lens system and stereoscopically observes this. This optical system is easy to adopt a tilting mechanism (mechanism that freely changes the direction in which an observer looks into) and to be systematized. However, if a simple lens such as a single lens is inserted on the object side of the objective lens, an abnormality in stereoscopic effect occurs. Moreover, there exists a fault that it is easy to enlarge. In addition, it is easy to make the optical axis parallel to the position where the observer peeks, and even if the entire field of view is not visible, the visible part matches to some extent, so the range that can be stereoscopically viewed is wider than that of a Greenough-type stereomicroscope There is.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a method of using a stereomicroscope, there are cases where an observation object is subjected to some work or treatment. In this case, a stereomicroscope is required in which the distance from the microscope to the object is shortened and the range of the observer who can perform stereoscopic observation is wide. As such a stereomicroscope, a microscope in which the optical axis at the position of looking in with a Greenough type is parallel is suitable. As an example in which such a configuration is shown, there is a method in which a left-right optical axis is made parallel by inserting a declination prism as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 58-11711 (FIG. 15). In this case, if the light flux at the position where the declination prism is inserted is not afocal, chromatic aberration generated in the prism causes image deterioration and stereoscopic effect (difference in distance due to object color). In the case of an afocal light beam, the lens system is burdened by the space between the portions where the prisms are inserted, and the number of lenses increases and the size increases.
[0005]
As another method, there can be considered a method in which a plurality of prisms are arranged on the exit side of a Greenough-type microscope so that the left and right optical axes are parallel. An example of this is shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-11710 (FIG. 16). In this method, the left and right optical axes are made parallel by reflecting the optical axis in a plane including the left and right optical axes. However, although not shown in the figure, a prism system such as an erecting optical system is required to use it as a stereomicroscope, and the eye point (the position of the eye viewed by the observer) is separated from the observation object by these prism systems. There is a problem.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the conventional stereomicroscopes as described above, and the object of the present invention is when the observation direction is not the direct viewing direction or when there is a movement such as changing the observation direction. However, it is to provide a small stereo microscope that can perform normal stereoscopic observation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve the above object, a stereomicroscope according to the present invention is a stereomicroscope arranged so that the optical axes of the left and right lens systems form a specific angle. The stereomicroscope includes a reflecting member and transmits light from the left and right lens systems. A left and right optical axis collimating unit that reflects and maintains the optical axes of the right and left light beams after reflection is arranged on the eyepiece side of the lens system, and on the eyepiece side of the left and right optical axis collimating unitConfigure upright opticsReflective memberEyepiece movable part havingAn eyepiece including the image, and the rotation of the image generated by the left-right optical axis collimating unitMovablePartRotating at least a part of the reflecting member of the optical axis as a rotation axisCharacterized by correction.
  MaIn addition, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that the eyepiece movable portion has at least two rotation axes that are parallel and coincide with the optical axis.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that the eyepiece movable part is an eye width adjustment part.
  The stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that the eyepiece movable part is a tilting mechanism.
  Further, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention rotates at least one of the reflecting members included in the left-right optical axis collimating unit so that the inclination angle of the optical axis of the emitted light from the left-right optical axis collimating unit changes, The tilting is performed by rotating the eyepiece according to the rotation angle of the reflecting member.
  The stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that a negative lens group capable of moving in the direction of the observation object in order to change the working distance (WD) is provided on the object side of the left and right lens systems.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that a light splitting element is arranged on the image side of the left and right optical axis collimating unit, and a photographing system is provided which is divided by the light splitting element to make a substantially afocal light beam. And
  In addition, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that an imaging system is provided in which a substantially afocal light beam is formed after the light beam is split and imaged once.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that an imaging system is provided in which, after the light beam splitting, a substantially afocal light beam is formed by the negative lens group.
  The stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that a dope prism is disposed in the substantially afocal light beam and an imaging system for correcting the direction of the image is provided.
  Furthermore, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention is characterized in that an electronic imaging device with a monitor is attached so that the orientation of the image can be confirmed by the monitor.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the illustrated example. Prior to the description, the rotation of the image will be described with reference to FIG. When the object 60 is observed, it looks like a left observation image 61 and a right observation image 62. Such rotation of the observation image with respect to the observation object is called image rotation. When the rotation of the image is the same in the left and right directions, the stereoscopic effect is reduced. When the rotation of the image is reversed as shown in FIG. 1, the image appears to be tilted when the rotation angle is small, and the image cannot be fused when the rotation angle is large. In any case, such a view must be avoided in a stereomicroscope that operates on an observation object.
[0009]
The reflection system including the reflection member has many moving parts such as eye width adjustment. When the left / right optical axis collimating unit is moved, a change such as rotation of the image occurs, and the left and right optical axis collimating units tend to be difficult to observe as a stereoscopic image. For this reason, it is necessary to fix the left and right optical axis collimating portions, and instead include a movable portion in the eyepiece, which is referred to as an eyepiece movable portion. In order to reduce the number of parts and reduce the price of the product or reduce the size, it is preferable to correct the rotation of the image at the moving part of the eyepiece. In other words, the eyepiece has an eyepiece movable section that rotates the reflecting member, and the eyepiece movable section corrects the rotation of the image generated by the left and right optical axis collimating section, thereby making a smaller stereo microscope. I can do it.
[0010]
The eyepiece movable unit has a rotation axis that coincides with at least two optical axes, and the rotation axes are parallel to each other. The eyepiece movable part is a part that rotates about the optical axis as a rotation axis by tilting (variable tilt angle) adjustment or the like for adjusting the eye width or changing the observation direction.
[0011]
When the optical axis movable part is composed of a prism that forms an inclination angle, and the eyepiece movable part is an eye width adjustment part including an erecting prism, the image generated by the optical axis collimating part by changing the reflection angle of the prism of the eyepiece movable part Is shifted from the erecting optical system. Then, the rotation angle θ is corrected so that the incident optical axis and the optical axis of the eyepiece are parallel. The eye width is adjusted by rotating the eyepiece movable section with the incident optical axis and the rotation axis coincident, but the eye width adjustment is performed because the optical axis of the eyepiece and the optical axis of the light beam incident on the eyepiece are parallel. There is no rotation of the image. In this case, the optical axis of the eyepiece lens and the rotation axis of the image coincide with each other, and the image rotation axis and the incident optical axis coincide with each other, so that the image does not rotate.
[0012]
  Further, the optical axis is bent by the reflecting member of the eyepiece movable portion to provide a parallel optical axis. Tilting adjustment to rotate the angle α with the optical axis on the object side as the rotation axis and the angle 2α with the optical axis on the image side as the rotation axis,Eyepiece moving partYou can also do it. The reflecting member is rotated while maintaining the optical axis of the tilting unit in parallel to correct the rotation of the image generated in the optical axis collimating unit.
[0013]
Note that a tilting mechanism that does not affect stereoscopic observation can also be provided in the optical axis collimating unit. That is, with the incident optical axis of the reflecting member as the rotation axis, the reflecting member for making the optical axis parallel is set to an angle α, and the optical system closer to the eyepiece is set to an axis perpendicular to the emitting optical axis of the reflecting member. Can be realized by rotating each of them by an angle 2α.
[0014]
In order to make the stereomicroscope easier to use, it is preferable that the working distance (distance from the observation object to the microscope) can be changed. The change of the working distance can be realized by using a negative lens moving toward the object. In order to prevent the image from moving by the focus adjustment, the direction of the bisector of the angle formed by the left and right optical axes on the object plane is matched with the optical axis of the negative lens, Move the negative lens in the direction.
[0015]
  In addition, the stereomicroscope can be equipped with an imaging device for recording images.Has becomeAlthough it is convenient, in order to be able to cope with image pickup devices of various sizes such as for TV and for photography, if an afocal light beam is used, the number of lens changes is small. In addition, such a configuration is convenient because it is compatible with a TV camera or digital camera with a fixed lens.AfocalThe luminous flux has no practical problem in the range of diopter 0 ± 2 (/ m).
[0016]
In a microscope, if the light beam is divided and imaged once, and then made approximately afocal, a lens can be placed near the image formation point and the exit pupil position can be changed. I can do it. However, in this case, the number of lenses increases and the overall length becomes long, which is suitable for an imaging apparatus having a relatively small imaging element.
[0017]
In addition, after the light beam is divided into a substantially afocal light beam by the negative lens group, a lens that matches the size of the image sensor may be arranged. In this case, since the configuration is simple, it is inexpensive and suitable for an imaging apparatus using a large imaging element. In this configuration, a dove prism can be arranged in the approximately afocal light beam portion to correct the direction of the image, so that the direction of the image can be corrected even with a large imaging device. Therefore, an electronic imaging device with a monitor can be used, and a stereomicroscope that can confirm the orientation of the image with the monitor can be provided.
[0018]
Example 1
  2 to 4 show a first embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view, FIG. 3 is a side view, and FIG. 4 is a view seen in the direction of arrow A in FIG. In the figure, O is an observation point, 1L and 1R are left and right objectives, 2L and 2R are left and right tilt angle changing members for changing the angle in a direction that can be easily observed, 3L, 4L, 5L, and 6L; , 5R, 6R are left and right erecting optical systems for erecting the image, and 7L, 7R are left and right eyepieces. The image of the observation object point O is formed at positions L and R by the left and right objective parts 1L and 1R, enlarged by the eyepieces 7L and 7R, and stereoscopically observed by the observer. Eye distance adjustment for upright opticsOptical system 3L-7L consisting of a lens and an eyepiece,3R-7RUpright optical system with each incident optical axis ofOptical system 3L-7L consisting of a lens and an eyepiece,3R-7RThis is done by rotating. Here, if the incident optical axes of the tilt angle changing members 2L and 2R are used as the rotation axis and the left and right optical axes are rotated in parallel while maintaining the tilt angle to some extent, the entire optical system is shown in FIGS. As shown. As a result, the tilt angle changing members 2L and 2R also serve as the optical axis collimating unit, and the two functions can be performed by one member, so that the entire microscope can be reduced in size.
[0019]
  By the way, when the tilt angle changing members 2L and 2R are rotated, an image is rotated.Optical system 3L-7L consisting of a lens and an eyepiece,3R-7RCan be corrected. This correction is performed at a certain eye width by rotating the optical axis after reflection of the reflecting members 3L, 3R by an angle θ, where θ is the rotation angle of the image due to the rotation of the tilt angle changing members 2L, 2R. I can do it. Referring to FIG. 3, δ = 90 ° −θ, where δ is an angle formed by the incident optical axes of the reflecting members 3L and 3R and the optical axes after reflection of the reflecting members 4L and 4R. However, if the angle δ of the reflecting members 4L and 4R is not corrected, an erecting optical system with the incident optical axes of the reflecting members 3L and 3R as the rotation axis for eye width adjustment.Optical system 3L-7L consisting of a lens and an eyepiece,3R-7RIs rotated, the image rotates about the center of the left and right images as the rotation axis. In order to prevent this, the reflecting members 6L and 6R are moved in a direction in which image rotation does not occur, and the optical axes thereof are made parallel. At this time, in order to make the outgoing optical axes of the reflecting members 6L and 6R parallel, if the rotation axes thereof coincide with the normal lines of the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis of the reflecting members 6L and 6R, the upright optical systemOptical system 3L-7L consisting of a lens and an eyepiece,3R-7RRotating the does not rotate the image. In this case, the angle δ between the optical axis before reflection of the reflecting members 6L and 6R and the optical axis after reflection is δ = 90 ° −θ. Therefore, adjustment can be facilitated by configuring an adjustment mechanism that operates in this way.
[0020]
When the angle formed by the left and right optical axes in the objective units 1L and 1R is 10 °, the tilt angle changing units 2l and 2R are set to be emitted from the direction perpendicular to the paper surface with the incident optical axis to the tilt angle changing unit as the rotation axis. Is rotated 5 ° in the opposite direction from the 45 ° angle, the optical axes become parallel. In this state, the image rotation is 2 °. In the erecting optical systems 3L to 6L and 3R to 6R, the rotation of the image is corrected by giving a rotation of θ = 2 °. As a result, the left and right inclination angles become 44.781 °.
[0021]
Next, zoom lens data of the objective portions 1L and 1R in this embodiment will be exemplified.

[0022]
When the working distance is short in operation, the working distance can be changed by installing an objective concave lens 50 that substantially transmits the left and right observation light beams on the object side of the microscope, as shown in FIG. Since the ideal working distance varies depending on the observation target and also varies depending on the operator, it is preferable that the working distance can be freely changed. For this purpose, it is preferable that the objective concave lens 50 can be moved. In particular, in a stereomicroscope, the bisector of the angle formed by the left and right optical axes on the object plane is matched with the optical axis of the objective concave lens, and the objective concave lens 50 is moved along the bisector. good. Thereby, the operator can set the best working distance.
[0023]
Hereinafter, lens data of the objective concave lens 50 will be exemplified.
r1 = -78.035 d1 = 5.1 nd1 = 1.76182 νd1 = 57.7
r2 = 87.35 d2 = 5.2 nd2 = 1.72151 νd2 = 29.2
r3 = 653.22 (object-side surface of the left and right objectives 1L and 1R)
[0024]
In this case, by changing the distance L between the image-side top of the objective concave lens 50 and the object-side first surfaces of the left and right objective parts 1L and 1R of the stereomicroscope, the objective concave lens 50 is changed from 3 to 16.8. The optical working distance from the top of the object side to the object can be changed from 300 to 200.
[0025]
In order to increase the optical working distance, the refractive power of the objective concave lens 50 may be increased as follows, for example.
r1 = -72.09 d1 = 4.2 nd1 = 1.76182 νd1 = 57.7
r2 = 87.35 d2 = 5.2 nd2 = 1.72151 νd2 = 29.2
r3 = 653.22 (object-side surface of the left and right objectives 1L and 1R)
[0026]
By changing the distance L in the range of 2 to 16.8, the optical working distance can be changed in the range of 372 to 226. If the change range of the optical working distance is wide to this extent, most requests can be met with the objective concave lens 50 incorporated in the mirror body, and it is not necessary to prepare a large number of interchangeable lenses. Further, the objective concave lens 50 can be composed of a plurality of lens groups, and distortion and field curvature can be corrected. In such a stereomicroscope, the optical working distance can be similarly changed by using a convex lens instead of the objective concave lens 50 and moving it. In this case, however, the working distance becomes small. Since the solid angle tends to be large, it tends to be difficult to use.
[0027]
The stereomicroscope is desired to record an image. For this purpose, a light splitting element such as a beam splitter may be arranged in the middle of the observation system to divide the optical path so that an object image can be taken. However, the size of the image sensor is different from that of a normal CCD or film, and there are many types, and there is even a lens fixed to the image sensor. In such a case, the imaging lens is changed to a single afocal light beam so as to correspond to various sizes of image pickup devices, but the diopter is within a range of 0 ± 2 (/ m). In this case, the same effect as an afocal light beam can be obtained.
[0028]
There are two methods for creating an afocal beam: a method in which a concave lens is arranged in the optical path to form an afocal beam, and a method in which an image is formed at least once and a convex lens is arranged before and after the imaging point to form an afocal beam. However, a lens using a concave lens system is called a non-imaging type, and a lens using a convex lens system is called an imaging type.
[0029]
FIG. 6 shows a conceptual diagram of a non-imaging type optical system. Here, the beam splitters 30L and 30R are inserted between the tilt angle changing members 2L and 2R and the erecting portions 3L and 3R, respectively. A visual observation optical system is disposed on the transmission side of the beam splitters 30L and 30R, and a photographing optical system is disposed on the reflection side. In the photographing optical system, a negative lens group 8 for converting a light beam into a substantially afocal light beam is disposed near the beam splitter 30L or 30R. After the light passes through the negative lens group 8, the light is reflected by a reflecting member 9 to form an image. An image is formed at the pupil position IP of the observer by the lens group 10. In the case of this non-imaging type, the pupil position IP cannot be controlled. Therefore, vignetting of the image often occurs when photographing with a photographing device with a lens. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to use only the imaging lens group 10 and place only the image sensor.
[0030]
This non-imaging type can be made shorter than the imaging type at the same magnification, making it suitable for large CCDs for film and digital steel. In particular, since there is no problem even if the number of lenses in the imaging lens group is reduced, it is not necessary to insert the reflecting members 11 and 12 between the image plane and the pupil position IP so that the position of the image sensor is not separated from the mirror. I can do it.
[0031]
Hereinafter, lens data of the photographing system will be exemplified. The distance from the zoom lens to the first lens is 76.3 (air equivalent length).
r1 = ∞ d1 = 3 nd1 = 1.57501 νd1 = 41.5
r2 = -89.86 d2 = 1.5 nd2 = 1.56873 νd2 = 63.2
r3 = -29.72 d3 = 62.9
r4 = 176.52 d4 = 6.1 nd3 = 1.48749 νd3 = 70.2
r5 = -64.22 d5 = 3 nd4 = 1.56732 νd4 = 42.8
r6 = -220.34
By putting a reflecting member in the part d3, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the photographing system is not separated from the mirror body.
[0032]
Utilizing the fact that the light emitted from the negative lens group 8 is substantially afocal, a dove prism 31 is inserted on the exit side of the reflecting member 9 and is connected to the exit side of the dove prism 31 as shown in FIG. An image lens 32 is inserted, and a reflecting member 33 is further provided on the exit side of the imaging lens 32 to form a front image, and an image is formed at the pupil position IP of the observer. In this case, since the image can be rotated by rotating the dove prism 31, the image can have an appropriate composition. Therefore, it is convenient to use a single-lens reflex camera or a digital camera with an LCD on the back as the imaging device because the composition of the image can be confirmed. In this case, in order to make the single-lens reflex finder and LCD easy to see, it is preferable to set the incident optical axis to the camera to be horizontal or upward from the horizontal.
[0033]
If the optical system after the reflecting member 9 can be exchanged, the lens system can be selected in accordance with the type of film used such as a 35 mm film and an APS film and the type of camera used such as a digital camera. Also in this case, if the dove prism 31 is inserted as necessary, the rotation of the image can be adjusted. Furthermore, even a digital camera with a fixed lens can be configured so that close-up photography is possible by attaching a close-up photography mode switching device, a close-up photography lens (or an ocular lens), and the like. In that case, if the dove prism 31 is inserted to rotate the image, the orientation of the image can be corrected without moving the digital camera, and the image can be observed on the monitor.
[0034]
The following is an example of lens data of an imaging system in which the above-mentioned non-imaging type and the dove prism 31 can be inserted.
r1 = ∞ d1 = 3 nd1 = 1.57501 νd1 = 41.5
r2 = -89.86 d2 = 1.5 nd2 = 1.56873 νd2 = 63.2
r3 = -29.72 d3 = 88.4
r4 = 94.87 d4 = 4.6 nd3 = 1.48749 νd3 = 70.2
r5 = -40.39 d5 = 2.9 nd4 = 1.64769 νd4 = 33.8
r6 = -85.20
[0035]
As is apparent from the lens data, the negative lens group 8 is the same as that shown in FIG. 6, and the interval and magnification from the negative lens group 8 to the imaging lens group 32 are changed. The dove prism 31 can be inserted between the imaging lens group 32. Thus, by making the negative lens group 8 and the reflecting member 9 in common and making the dove prism 31 detachable, it is possible to meet the needs of the observer.
[0036]
FIG. 8 shows a conceptual diagram of an imaging type optical system. In the imaging type, the reflecting member 13 is arranged on the exit side of the reflected light from the beam splitter 30L or 30R, and the emitted light from the reflecting member 13 is imaged at the point Im by the positive lens group 14, and is located near the imaging point Im. A pupil relay lens 15 is disposed, and a positive lens group 16 is disposed on the exit side of the positive lens group 16 so that the light beam formed at the imaging point Im is an afocal light beam. The positive lens group 17 is arranged to form an image at the pupil position IP. However, the pupil relay lens 15 is not necessary when the pupil is relayed to an appropriate position without it.
[0037]
In this imaging type, an image formed at the imaging point Im can be photographed by the most commonly used imaging device. When other imaging devices are used, the pupil relay lens 15 and the positive lens group 16 are provided. What is necessary is just to attach the unit united and make it a substantially afocal light beam. In this way, the positive lens group 17 can be a photographing lens for photographing a general landscape or a person. In this case, when the pupil relay position of the pupil relay lens 15 is matched with the pupil position of a general lens, an image without vignetting is obtained. In particular, a lens-fixed camera such as a digital camera can be attached.
[0038]
Hereinafter, lens data of an imaging type photographing system will be exemplified. The distance from the last lens of the zoom lens 1L or 1R to the first lens of the photographing system is 97.5 (air equivalent length).
r1 = 21.78 d1 = 6.6 nd1 = 1.65844 νd1 = 50.9
r2 = -43.46 d2 = 1.5 nd2 = 1.78472 νd2 = 25.7
r3 = ∞ d3 = 0.4
r4 = 24.26 d4 = 4 nd3 = 1.51633 νd3 = 64.1
r5 = ∞ d5 = 1
r6 = -125.8 d6 = 2.4 nd4 = 1.72151 νd4 = 29.3
r7 = 30.54 d7 = 9
r8 = ∞ d8 = 2 nd5 = 1.60342 νd5 = 38.0
r9 = 40.43 d9 = 21.4
r10 = 21.22 d10 = 0.9 nd6 = 1.78472 νd6 = 25.8
r11 = 8.18 d11 = 2.6 nd7 = 1.66672 νd7 = 48.3
r12 = -18.8
[0039]
In the above data, r1 to r6 are lens data of the positive lens group 14, r8 and r9 are lens data of the pupil relay lens 15, and r10 to r12 are lens data of the positive lens group 16. In this lens system, a substantially afocal light beam is emitted, and it is possible to shoot with an imaging system equipped with a focusing lens near infinity.
[0040]
If the beam splitters 30L and 30R are inserted on the left and right, respectively, a still image optical system having a large image pickup size and a moving image optical system having a small image pickup size can be separated, and a lens system with less difficulty can be provided.
[0041]
It should be noted that a lens barrel including the beam splitters 30L and 30R and a lens barrel not including the beam splitters 30L and 30R can be prepared and systemized. However, by adjusting the difference in the optical path length of the beam splitter by changing the distance between the reflective members 4L and 5L and 4R and 5R, a smaller stereo microscope can be used for those who do not need to take pictures. Can be provided. Moreover, it becomes possible to correspond to the camera which has an image pick-up element of various sizes for the person who needs imaging | photography.
[0042]
Although omitted in the embodiments described above, if the illumination system is built in the mirror body, a bright image can be observed without adjustment.
The working distance changing method, the photographing system, and the illumination system can be similarly employed in other embodiments described below.
[0043]
Example 2
9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a plan view and FIG. 10 is a side view.
The stereomicroscope is used not only for performing various operations while looking at a microscope image, but also for performing operations for confirming a position or the like by directly viewing an observation object. In this case, it is desirable to keep the peeping position (eye point) away from the mirror so that the object surface is not obstructed by the mirror. In order to meet this demand, the observation optical axis may be moved to the observer side from the plane including the left and right optical axes. In the second embodiment, a left-right optical axis collimating unit is formed by using a portion (optical axis shift unit) that moves the observation optical axis.
[0044]
That is, two reflecting members 18L, 19L; 18R, 19R are respectively arranged on the image side of the objective parts 1L, 1R, and the observation optical axis is shifted to the observer side by these, and the second reflecting members 19L, 19R are moved to them. The incident optical axis is rotated around the axis of rotation so that it is parallel to the midline of the optical axes of the objectives 1L and 1R. Here, if the reflecting members 18L and 19L and 18R and 19R are parallel to each other, the image does not rotate. However, since the reflecting members 19L and 19R are actually rotated, the image rotates. In the same way as shown in the first embodiment, this image rotation is corrected by rotating the erecting optical systems 3L to 6L and 3R to 6R, and the incident optical axes of the reflecting members 3L and 3R and the reflecting members 6L and 6L are corrected. The 6R emission optical axis is made parallel. The eye width adjustment is performed by rotating the upright optical system and the optical systems 3L to 7L and 3R to 7R up to the eyepiece with the optical axis of incidence on the reflecting members 3L and 3R as the rotation axis.
[0045]
This optical system can be tilted (variable tilt). That is, the reflecting members 19L and 19R of the left and right optical axis collimating portions are used as mirrors, and the angle α is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis to the reflecting members 19L and 19R as an axis of rotation, By rotating the optical systems 3L to 7L and 3R to 7R after that with the same rotation axis by an angle 2α, the state of the image at the center of the field of view can be prevented from changing even if the angle of viewing is changed. I can do it.
[0046]
As a result, the stereomicroscope can be provided which changes the inclination angle and is easy to look into. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a stereomicroscope in which the working distance can be changed by inserting and moving a negative lens on the object side, or an imaging apparatus can be attached by inserting a beam splitter.
[0047]
Example 3
11 and 12 show a third embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 11 is a plan view and FIG. 12 is a side view.
In this embodiment, tilting is performed by the eyepiece movable portion in order to expand the tilting range more than the second embodiment.
In this embodiment, the reflecting members 20L and 21L and 20R and 21R that move the light beams emitted from the objective portions 1L and 1R constitute an optical axis collimating portion. Then, as in the second embodiment, the reflecting members 21L and 21R are rotated so that the incident optical axes of the reflecting members 21L and 21R are the rotation axes and parallel to the midline of the optical axes of the objective portions 1L and 1R. I am doing so. As a result, image rotation occurs at an angle θ in the left optical path and an angle −θ in the right optical path.
[0048]
On the image side of the reflecting members 21L and 21R, eyepiece movable parts including four reflecting members 22L to 25L and 22R to 25R are arranged. By the erecting optical system composed of the reflecting members 22L to 25L and 22R to 25R and the right and left optical axis collimating unit, the generated image rotation is corrected and at the same time, tilting is performed.
[0049]
These four reflecting members 22L to 25L and 22R to 25R are erecting optical systems. When the incident optical axis and the outgoing optical axis are made parallel, a shape of a Polo II prism is obtained. The first reflecting members 22L and 22R are reflected in parallel and in opposite directions, and the optical systems from the reflecting member 23L to the eyepiece lens 7L and the optical systems from the reflecting members 23R to 7R are respectively set with their optical axes as rotation axes. Furthermore, the optical system from the reflecting member 25L to the eyepiece lens 7L and the optical system from the reflecting member 25L to the eyepiece lens 7R, and the optical axis after reflecting the reflecting members 23L and 24L, 23R and 24R, respectively. Each optical system is configured to be rotatable. Here, the optical axis after reflection by the reflecting members 22L and 22R and the optical axis after reflection by the reflecting members 24L and 24R are made parallel. Then, when the rotation axes of the reflection members 22L and 22R and the reflection members 23L and 23R are rotated by an angle α, the rotation axes between the reflection members 24L and 24R and the reflection members 25L and 25R are interlocked so as to rotate by an angle 2α. If so, the rotation of the image due to tilting can be eliminated. Further, in order to correct the image rotation θ generated in the right and left optical axis collimating unit, the reflecting member is used in the direction of correcting the image rotation with the respective optical axes between the reflecting members 24L and 24R and the reflecting members 25L and 25R as rotation axes. The optical system from 25L to the eyepiece lens 7L and the optical system from the reflecting member 25R to the eyepiece lens 7R are respectively rotated by an angle θ. Thereby, the image rotation of the left and right optical axis collimating unit is corrected by the eyepiece movable unit.
[0050]
Further, by adjusting the parallelogram prisms 26L and 26R for adjusting the width of the eye by rotating the incident optical axis to the rotation axis, the left and right images IL formed by this optical system are adjusted. , IR is enlarged and observed by eyepieces 7L and 7R. In this embodiment, tilting of 90 ° or more is possible, and a stereomicroscope more suitable for an observer can be provided.
[0051]
Example 4
13 and 14 show a fourth embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention. FIG. 13 is a plan view and FIG. 14 is a side view.
In this embodiment, the reflecting members 20L and 20R of the left and right optical axis collimating portion are attached in the opposite direction to the third embodiment, and when observing from the extension direction of the left and right optical axes, The third embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that it is configured to be suitable for an operation in which a small deviation is desired. In this case, the tilting mechanism is the same as that of the third embodiment, but the image rotation direction of the optical axis collimating unit is opposite to that of the third embodiment. Therefore, the rotation direction around the rotation axis of the reflection members 24L and 25L, 24R and 25R from the reflection member 25L to the eyepiece lens 7L and from the reflection member 25R to the eyepiece lens 7R is θ opposite to the third embodiment. Become.
In this embodiment, similar to the third embodiment, the image can be exchanged on the image side with respect to the objective parts 1L and 1R, and the needs of the observer can be met.
[0052]
In the lens data of each of the above examples, r1, r2,... Are the radius of curvature of each lens surface,
d1, d2 ..... are the lens thickness and air spacing, nd1, nd2, ... are the refractive indices of each lens, and νd1, νd2, ... are the Abbe numbers of each lens .
[0053]
As described above, the stereomicroscope of the present invention has the following features in addition to the features described in the claims.
(1) The stereomicroscope according to claim 3, wherein the eyepiece movable part is an eye width adjustment part.
(2) The stereomicroscope according to claim 3, wherein the movable part of the eyepiece is a tilting mechanism.
(3) The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein a tilting mechanism is provided in the optical axis parallelizing portion.
(4) The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein a negative lens group capable of moving in the direction of the observation object in order to change the working distance (WD) is provided on the object side of the mirror body.
(5) The present invention is characterized in that a light splitting element is disposed on the image side of the optical axis collimating unit, and a photographing system is provided that generates an afocal light beam after being split by the light splitting element. The described stereomicroscope.
(6) The stereomicroscope according to (5) above, wherein a photographing system is provided that forms an afocal light beam after being imaged once after the light beam splitting.
(7) The stereomicroscope according to (5) above, wherein an imaging system that provides a substantially afocal beam by a negative lens group after splitting the beam is provided.
(8) The stereomicroscope according to (7) above, wherein a dope prism is disposed in the substantially afocal light beam, and an imaging system for correcting the direction of the image is provided.
(9) The stereomicroscope according to (8) above, wherein an electronic imaging device with a monitor is attached so that the orientation of the image can be confirmed by the monitor.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the optical axis is made parallel by using a member already configured by the Greenough-type stereomicroscope and the image rotation generated thereby can be corrected, it is small and easy to look into. It is possible to provide a stereomicroscope that can take an observation posture and can improve workability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the rotation of an object image in a microscope.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;
4 is a view seen in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a modification of the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a stereomicroscope for explaining the concept of a non-imaging type.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing another modification of the first embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a side view showing still another modification of the first embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
10 is a side view of FIG. 9. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a third embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
12 is a side view of FIG. 11. FIG.
FIG. 13 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
14 is a side view of FIG. 11. FIG.
FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a conventional example of a Greenough-type stereomicroscope.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing another conventional example of a Greenough-type stereomicroscope.
[Explanation of symbols]
1L, 1R Objective
2L, 2R Inclination angle changing member
3L, 3R; 4L, 4R; 5L, 5R; 6L, 6R, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18L, 18R; 19L, 19R; 20L, 20R; 21L, 21R; 22L, 22R; 23L, 22R; 23L, 23R; 24L, 24R; 25L, 25R; 33 Reflective member
7L, 7R eyepiece
8 Negative lens group
10 Imaging lens group
14, 16, 17 Positive lens group
15 pupil relay lens
26L, 26R Parallelogram Prism
30L, 30R beam splitter
31 Dove prism
32 Imaging lens group
50 Objective concave lens
60 Observation object
61 Left-eye observation image
62 Right-eye observation image
Ip Image plane
O Observation point
WD optical working distance

Claims (11)

In a stereomicroscope arranged so that the optical axes of the left and right lens systems form a specific angle, the light axis of the left and right lens systems after reflecting and reflecting the light from the left and right lens systems including a reflecting member is made parallel to each other The left and right optical axis collimating unit to be maintained is arranged on the eyepiece side of the lens system, and the eyepiece unit including the eyepiece movable unit having a reflecting member constituting the erecting optical system is arranged on the eyepiece side of the left and right optical axis collimating unit. The rotation of the image generated in the left and right optical axis collimating unit is corrected by rotating at least a part of the reflecting member of the eyepiece movable unit about the optical axis as a rotation axis. Stereo microscope to do. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein the eyepiece movable part has at least two parallel rotation axes that coincide with the optical axis. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2 , wherein the eyepiece movable unit is an eye width adjustment unit. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2 , wherein the eyepiece movable part is a tilting mechanism.   At least one of the reflecting members included in the left / right optical axis collimating unit is rotated so that the tilt angle of the optical axis of the light emitted from the left / right optical axis collimating unit is changed, and according to the rotation angle of the reflecting member The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein tilting is performed by rotating the eyepiece.   2. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein a negative lens group capable of moving in the direction of an observation object in order to change a working distance (WD) is provided on the object side of the left and right lens systems.   2. The imaging system according to claim 1, wherein a light splitting element is disposed on the image side of the left-right optical axis collimating unit, and a photographing system is provided that generates a substantially afocal light beam after being split by the light splitting element. Stereo microscope. 8. The stereomicroscope according to claim 7 , further comprising a photographing system that forms an afocal light beam after image formation once after the light beam splitting. 8. The stereomicroscope according to claim 7 , further comprising a photographing system that converts the luminous flux into a substantially afocal luminous flux by a negative lens group. The stereomicroscope according to claim 9 , wherein a photographing system for correcting the direction of an image is provided by arranging a dope prism in the substantially afocal light beam. The stereomicroscope according to claim 10 , wherein an electronic image pickup device with a monitor is attached so that the orientation of the image can be confirmed by the monitor.

Images