JP3454851B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the construction of a stereomicroscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Stereomicroscopes are widely used in the fields of research, examination, surgery, etc. because they can grasp minute parts three-dimensionally. In recent years, the technology in these fields has become more sophisticated, and since two people are looking into the microscope and working from any direction or performing observation for a long time, there is a strong demand for a stereomicroscope that allows observation in a comfortable posture during that time. Has become.

Conventionally, for example, according to a stereoscopic microscope disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-156512, as shown in FIG.
An afocal zoom optical system 3 coaxial with the objective lens 2 is installed, and a pair of eyepiece optical systems 15 is installed behind it, and the whole eyepiece optical system 15 is rotated around an axis parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens 2. By satisfying the above requirement, the above-mentioned demand was satisfied.

[0004]

However, in such a conventional stereoscopic microscope, it is necessary to increase the exit pupil diameter of the afocal zoom optical system so as to include the left and right observation pupils of the eyepiece optical system 15. In order to satisfy the condition, one of the two afocal zoom optical systems 3 used in the stereoscopic microscope is enlarged in a similar manner so as not to block the light flux of the left and right eyepiece optical systems 15, but the size of the pupil is different. Since there is a difference of 2 times or more, the total length thereof is 2 times or more longer than that of the pair of zoom systems. For this reason, there is a problem that the object surface of the optical system where the work is performed and the position of the eye (eye point) at which the worker looks into the eyepiece lens are separated, and it is difficult to perform work near the object surface.

Further, if only the total length of the zoom system is shortened while keeping the pupil diameter as it is, the focal length of each lens is shortened, so that there is a problem that high-precision processing is required or adjustment becomes difficult. . Therefore, it was not possible to realize a stereoscopic microscope having a practical size.

In view of the above situation, the present invention has a zoom system of
Another object of the present invention is to provide a stereomicroscope that has a short distance from the object surface to the eye point and is excellent in workability.

[0007]

The stereoscopic microscope of the present invention comprises:
Stereoscopic viewing is possible by disposing one objective lens, one zoom optical system coaxial with the objective lens, and a plurality of pupils and a pair of eyepiece optical systems corresponding to the pupils after the zoom optical system is emitted. The stereoscopic microscope described above is characterized in that two or more reflecting members for reflecting left and right light fluxes on one surface are provided in the zoom optical system. Further, the stereomicroscope of the present invention is provided with the light of the reflecting member and the zoom optical system .
The feature is that the pupil is inverted in the axis . Further, the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention is characterized in that the light flux emitted from the zoom optical system is afocal.
Further, the stereomicroscope of the present invention is characterized in that the reflecting member closest to the object side is a half mirror, and the illumination light is emitted through the half mirror. Further, the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention is characterized in that the optical axis of the illumination light and the optical axis of the objective lens are coaxial. Also,
The stereomicroscope of the present invention is characterized in that the pair of eyepiece optical systems each have an erecting optical system when the pupil is not inverted by the reflecting member and the zoom optical system. Further, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention, when the pupil is inverted by the zoom optical system and the reflecting member, having a optical system in which the pair of ocular optical system replacing the right and left optical beam
It is characterized in that that.

[0008]

In the stereoscopic microscope, it is necessary to secure the working distance necessary for the work and bring the object plane of the optical system for the work close to the eye point. However, even if it is large, it has little effect on the work. Therefore, in the present invention, by disposing the zoom system in a direction that does not affect the work and bending the zoom system, the distance between the object plane and the eye point due to the length of the zoom system can be shortened.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention will be described below based on FIG. 1 and also referring to FIG. Light rays from an object (not shown) located below are bent by the first reflecting member 1 to be directed to the side or the rear by bending the optical path. After reflection, the light flux from the object is made into an afocal light flux by the objective lens 2. An afocal zoom system 3 is installed behind this, and the afocal zoom system 3 includes a second reflecting member 4,
Two reflecting members of the third reflecting member 5 are provided. The light flux in the zoom system is bent upward by the second reflecting member 4 and returned to the original direction by the third reflecting member 5.

The light beam emitted from the zoom optical system 3 is
It is reflected by the reflecting member 6 on the extension line of the optical axis of the objective lens 1. Eyepiece optical system 15 for setting two pupils 7R, 7L for stereoscopic viewing after reflection by the fourth reflecting member 6.
Is attached. The eyepiece optical system 15 includes an imaging lens, a means for forming an erected image (an erecting prism, an optical member for forming an even number of times), and an eyepiece lens for enlarging the image. In FIG. 1, only the pupil position of the eyepiece optical system 15 is shown.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the construction of the eyepiece optical system 15. The eyepiece optical system 15 has a pair of optical systems for the left and right eyes. The configuration is such that two imaging lenses 10L (not shown) and 10R, erecting prisms 11L and 11R for erecting the left and right images, prisms 12L and 12R for adjusting the interpupillary distance, and magnifying the image. And eyepiece lenses 13L and 13R for doing so. In the eyepiece optical system 15, the optical axis of the zoom optical system 3 (FIG. 1) and the left and right optical axes remain parallel,
The light flux emitted from the zoom optical system 3 can be moved and rotated within a range of entering the pupil of the eyepiece optical system 15.

Between the zoom optical system 3 and the eyepiece optical system 15,
By inserting a light splitting element to branch the optical path and providing an eyepiece optical system in each of the branched optical paths, a plurality of observers can observe from any direction. Then, by increasing the number of light beam divisions at the pupil position, it is possible to obtain effects such as observation and photographing without loss of light amount. If the first reflecting member 1 is a half mirror and an illumination system 8 and a light source 9 each consisting of a condenser lens and two prisms are installed from above as shown in FIG. can do. The light source 9 is the illumination light emitting end face of the light guide when a lamp or fiber illumination is used. Similarly, even if any one of the reflecting members 4 to 6 is made into a half mirror and the illumination light is made incident, coaxial illumination can be performed without changing the eye point.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the second reflecting member 4 bends the light beam in the horizontal direction. Then, the third reflecting member 5 bends the first reflecting member 1 and the second reflecting member 4 in parallel with the optical axis and in the opposite direction. Further, the optical axis is bent in the vertical direction by the fourth reflecting member 6. After the reflection by the fourth reflecting member 6, two pupils 7R and 7L for stereoscopic viewing
The eyepiece optical system 15 for setting is attached. Since the reflecting members 1, 4, 5 and 6 of this zoom system have the same structure as the second type Porro prism, it is not necessary to provide an erecting prism in the eyepiece optical system 15.

However, since the pupil is also inverted by these reflecting members, the eyepiece optical system includes the optical systems 14L and 14R for switching the left and right of the pupil as shown in FIG. Since the erecting prism can be omitted from the eyepiece optical system 15, it is possible to suppress an increase in the width of the eyepiece optical system 15, and it is not necessary to use two expensive roof prisms that require highly accurate processing. The effect is obtained.

Further, since the space in the vertical direction is only the maximum diameter of the lens and the frame for supporting it, it is useful for bringing the eyepoint and the object close to each other. However, the optical axis up to the first reflecting member 1 and the optical axis after the reflection of the fourth reflecting member 6 are deviated. This amount of deviation is almost the same as the maximum diameter of the lens plus the thickness of the frame, so there is almost no problem, but it is necessary to consider that it may be difficult to operate when performing precision work for a long time. is there. In that case, the eye point will increase,
It is possible to align the optical axis up to the first reflecting member 1 by using a reflecting member or the like.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the second reflecting member 4 and the third reflecting member 5 in the second embodiment can be rotated around the optical axis (referred to as the rotation axis A) between the first reflecting member 1 and the second reflecting member 4. And the fourth reflecting member 6 is connected to the third reflecting member 5 and the fourth reflecting member 6.
It is configured so that it can rotate around an optical axis (referred to as a rotation axis B) between the reflecting members 6. That is, assuming that the rotation angle around the rotation axis A is a and the rotation angle around the rotation axis B is b, and these are rotated at a ratio of a: b = 1: 2, the image is erected while standing upright. The injection angle of the shaft can be freely changed.
FIG. 6 is a view of FIG. 5 viewed from the direction of the arrow. As shown in FIG. 6, the output light is rotated by 45 degrees around the rotation axis A and 90 degrees around the rotation axis B. The axis can be horizontal. As the eyepiece optical system 15, the one shown in FIG. 4 in the second embodiment is used.

When the rotation axis A and the rotation axis B are continuously moved while maintaining the relationship of a: b = 1: 2, the angle of looking into the microscope (tilt angle) becomes variable. In that case, the first observer can stop at a position where the observer can easily observe, so that the observer can observe in a more comfortable posture. Further, by making the fourth reflecting member 6 a half mirror, an observation optical system for the second observer, a television set, a photography system, etc. can be attached. Also in the first embodiment, the tilt angle can be changed as described above. In that case, the optical axis between the first reflecting member 1 and the second reflecting member 4 and the optical axis between the third reflecting member 5 and the fourth reflecting member 6 are the rotation axis A and the rotation axis as in the above-described embodiment. It becomes B. Further, the eyepiece optical system 15 is rotated 90 degrees in any direction around the optical axis of the fourth reflecting member 6 so that the left and right pupils are located at the positions shown by the broken lines in FIG. In this state, if you rotate around the rotation axes A and B,
Similar effects can be obtained. In the second and third embodiments, it goes without saying that the illumination system described in the first embodiment can be attached.

As described above, according to the present invention, the objective lens is inserted between the first reflecting member 1 and the second reflecting member 4, so that the eye point can be set low. It is also possible to insert an objective lens between the first reflecting member 1 and the object in order to facilitate replacement of the objective lens. If the objective lens is thin, there is no problem with such a configuration.

The zoom system 3 in each embodiment requires at least two moving lens groups (zoom groups) for zooming. When the reflecting member is installed between the moving zoom groups, the zoom groups are separated from each other, and it is difficult to increase the zoom magnification as it is. Therefore, this problem can be solved by disposing lenses before and after the reflecting member and including the reflecting member to form one zoom group. However, when the reflecting member is inserted in the zoom group, when the first reflecting member 1 and the fourth reflecting member 6 are inserted in the zoom group, the change of the object position and the eye point move due to zooming, which causes a problem in observation. Further, even when the second reflecting member 4 and the third reflecting member 5 are inserted into the zoom group, the zoom group becomes large and the zoom group becomes heavy.
Therefore, when the zoom optical system includes a lens group that does not move during zooming, it is preferable to provide the reflecting member therein.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a stereoscopic microscope having one zoom system, an eye point can be obtained at a position that does not pose a problem in practical use, and work on the object surface can be easily performed. Have advantages.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example according to a first embodiment of a stereoscopic microscope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of an eyepiece optical system according to the first embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a stereoscopic microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of an eyepiece optical system according to a second embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a stereoscopic microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration example for changing the emission angle of the optical axis according to the third embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a conventional stereoscopic microscope.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 first reflecting member 2 Objective lens 3 zoom system 4 Second reflection member 5 Third reflection member 6 Fourth reflection member 7L, 7R Eyepiece optical system pupil 8 Illumination optical system 10L, 10R imaging lens 11L, 11R Upright optical system 12L, 12R Eye width adjustment prism 13L, 13R eyepiece 14L, 14R Left and right pupil replacement optical system 15 Eyepiece optical system 16 observer's eyes

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. An objective lens, a zoom optical system coaxial with the objective lens, and a plurality of pupils and a pair of eyepiece optical systems corresponding to the pupils are arranged after the zoom optical system is emitted. A stereoscopic microscope capable of stereoscopic viewing, wherein the zoom optical system is provided with two or more reflecting members for reflecting left and right light beams on one surface. 2. The optical axis of the reflecting member and the zoom optical system
The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 , wherein the pupil is inverted inside . 3. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2, wherein the light flux emitted from the zoom optical system is afocal. 4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting member closest to the object side is a half mirror, and the illumination light is emitted through the half mirror. 5. The stereomicroscope according to claim 4, wherein the optical axis of the illumination light and the optical axis of the objective lens are coaxial. 6. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2 , wherein the pair of eyepiece optical systems each have an erecting optical system when the pupil is not inverted by the reflecting member and the zoom optical system. 7. If the pupil by the reflecting member and the zoom optical system is inverted, the stereomicroscope according to claim 2, wherein the pair of ocular optical system and having an optical system to replace the right and left optical beam .