JP2958096B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a variable-magnification stereoscopic microscope in which a large number of units can be freely attached and a plurality of observers can observe from any angle.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, precision work on small parts such as micromachining and surgery has been actively performed, so a stereomicroscope that can see fine parts and reliably grasp three-dimensional positions has become an effective means. I have. In addition, since it is a precise operation, the number of cases where a plurality of people must work at the same time has been increasing, and it is expected that a plurality of people can observe an observation image with almost the same magnification and almost the same three-dimensional effect. It is rare. There are also many demands for mounting a large number of devices using a variable power system such as a photographing device, a TV camera, and a laser device on a stereomicroscope.

By the way, since the conventional stereo microscope usually has two or more same variable power systems, for example, Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 60-1110 (FIG. 8, FIG. 8) Ninth
As shown in FIG. 1, a pair of optical paths may be divided into two and observed in a face-to-face manner. FIG. 8 is a side view showing the entire optical system, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part thereof, wherein 1 is an objective lens common to the left and right optical systems, 2 is a variable power system, and 3 is a beam splitter. Reference numeral 4 denotes a reflecting prism, 5 denotes an optical path bending prism, 6 denotes an image forming lens, 7 denotes a Porro prism, and 8 denotes an eyepiece.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-144410 (FIG. 10, FIG. 11)
As shown in FIG. 2, one of the pair of optical paths is divided, and the pupil is divided at the relayed pupil position so as to be stereoscopically viewed. FIG. 10 is a front view showing the entire optical system, and FIG.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the pupil division unit, wherein 1 is an objective lens common to the left and right optical systems, 2 is a variable power system, 3 is a beam splitter, and 3 'is for adjusting the optical path length of the left and right optical systems. A glass block, 4 is a reflection prism, 5 is a prism for bending an optical path, 6 is an imaging lens, 8 is an eyepiece, 9 is a relay lens, 10 is an image rotator, and 11 is a pupil division mirror.

Further, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-172111 (FIG. 12, FIG.
As shown in the figure, there is also a type incorporating three or more variable power systems. FIG. 12 is a front view showing an example of the entire optical system, wherein 1 is an objective lens common to the left and right optical systems, 2 is a variable power system, 8 is an eyepiece, 12 is an image forming system, and 13 is an image forming system. Is a mirror. FIG. 13 is a plan view of a main part of another example, in which 1 is an objective lens common to the left and right optical systems, and A and Aa are zooming systems.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in each of the above conventional examples, the optical path branching for stereoscopic vision is performed in front of the variable power system, and a plurality of variable power systems are used. There has been a problem that the structure for enabling the mounting of the camera becomes very complicated. In addition, in order to change the direction in which a plurality of observers look into the microscope, it is necessary to cause the variable power system to move the lens in addition to the movement of the lens, so that the structure becomes complicated and adjustment becomes difficult. there were. In addition, since a plurality of zooming systems are used, there is a problem that a difference in magnification between left and right observation images and the like is apt to occur, thereby causing eye fatigue.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a simple structure and can be easily adjusted.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a stereo microscope in which a TV device can be attached, a plurality of observers can change the viewing direction of the microscope, and eye fatigue due to a difference between left and right observation images hardly occurs.

[Means for solving the problem]

One of the stereoscopic microscopes according to the present invention includes an objective lens, a variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens, and an output from the variable power optical system provided on the exit side of the variable power optical system. An optical path branching optical system that splits light into a plurality of optical paths, and an observation optical system having an eyepiece provided in at least one optical path of the plurality of optical paths, wherein the eyepiece is greater than the eye width of an observer. It is characterized by having a large diameter.

Another one is an objective lens, a variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens, and an output light from the variable power optical system which is provided on an emission side of the variable power optical system. An optical path branching optical system for branching into a plurality of optical paths, and an observation optical system having a pair of eyepieces provided in at least one of the plurality of optical paths are provided.

Further, another one is an objective lens, a variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens, and an output light from the variable power optical system which is provided on an emission side of the variable power optical system. It is characterized by comprising an optical path branching optical system for branching into three or more optical paths, and an observation optical system having eyepieces respectively provided in two of the plurality of optical paths.

(Operation)

In any of the above cases, there is only one zooming system, and the optical path branching for stereoscopic vision is performed behind the zooming system, so that many people can observe and mount a photographic device or TV device. The structure to make it possible is simple. Further, even when changing the direction in which a plurality of observers look into the microscope, the zooming system does not need to be moved, so that the structure is simplified and the adjustment is facilitated. Furthermore,
Since there is only one variable power system, a difference such as a magnification difference between left and right observation images hardly occurs, and as a result, eyestrain hardly occurs.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on illustrated embodiments.

1 and 2 are a front view and a right side view, respectively, of an optical system of a stereomicroscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which allow two observers to observe at the same time. The optical system includes one interchangeable objective lens 21 for collimating light rays emitted from the object plane, and an afocal variable power system 22 having a common optical axis with the objective lens 21 on the exit side of the objective lens 21. ing. The afocal variable power system 22 includes a moving lens group 22a, 22b moving along the optical axis and a fixed lens group 2
2c, and by moving the movable lens groups 22a and 22b from the position indicated by the solid line to the position indicated by the broken line,
Change the magnification. On the exit side of the afocal variable power system 22, there is one imaging lens 23 for forming an image of a parallel light beam emitted from the variable power system 22. A prism 24a is provided on the exit side of the imaging lens 23, and divides a light beam into an optical path reflected by the prism 24a and an optical path transmitted through the prism 24a. The light transmitted through the prism 24a passes through the image erecting optical system (porro prism) 25 for the first observer composed of three prisms 25a, 25b, and 25c for erecting the image. It is guided to the first observer eyepiece 27 having an axis. On the other hand, the light reflected by the prism 24a is reflected twice by the prism 24b, then by the prism 24c, and guided to the second observer's eyepiece 26. Where prisms 24a through 24c
Since the optical system composed of has a reflection surface arrangement similar to that of the Porro prism and simultaneously performs image erecting and conversion of the observation direction, it is referred to as a Porro prism 24. In this configuration, since the objective lens 21 to the eyepiece 26 or 27 all have a common optical axis and the effective diameter of the eyepieces 26 and 27 is larger than the eye width of the observer, each observer's eye The camera itself plays a role of an optical system for setting a pupil for stereoscopic vision.

The imaging lens 23 and the first observer porro prism 24
The optical system can be freely moved and rotated around the optical axis of the imaging optical system between and the optical axis of the imaging optical system between the first observer Porro prism 24 and the second observer Porro prism 25. The observation direction of the two observers can be freely changed.

This embodiment is configured as described above, and there is one magnification system 22, and since the optical path branch for stereoscopic vision is performed behind the magnification system 22, many people can observe, Photographic equipment
The structure for enabling the installation of the TV device is simple.
Further, even when changing the direction in which a plurality of observers look into the microscope, it is not necessary to move the zooming system 22, so that the structure is simplified and the adjustment is facilitated. Further, since there is only one zooming system 22, a difference such as a magnification difference between left and right observation images hardly occurs, and as a result, eyestrain hardly occurs. In addition, since the observation optical paths for the two observers are obtained by dividing one optical path, both can observe observation images having substantially the same magnification and the same three-dimensional effect.

In this embodiment, since the Porro prisms 24 and 25 are each composed of three separate prisms, the inclination angles can be made variable by using these. For the first observer, the method of changing the tilt angle of the observation system optical axis will be described. The objective optical system optical axis between the prisms 24a and 24b is the first rotation axis A1, and the objective optical system between the prisms 24b and 24c. The optical axis is the second rotation axis B1. Then, when the prisms 24b and 24c are respectively rotated around both the rotation axes A1 and B1, the inclination angle of the observation system optical axis changes. However, if the ratio of the rotation angles around the first rotation axis A1 and the second rotation axis B1 is 1: 2, there is no rotation of the image. The same can be said for the prism 5 for the second observer. Thereby, the degree of freedom in the observation direction can be increased. still,
The rotation axes A2 and B2 for the second observer are in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1 and two axes A2 and B2 in FIG.
Are overlapping.

Further, although the observation image becomes dark, if the Porro prism 24 and the eyepiece 26 are incorporated n between the prism 24a and the prism 25a and the light quantity division ratio is set to transmittance: reflectance = n + 1: 1, n + 2
There are three observation systems. Thus, the number of observers can be increased by branching the optical path after the prism 24a.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are a front view and a plan view, respectively, of an optical system according to a second embodiment. The objective optical system comprises one variable-magnification imaging optical system 30 and the objective optical system. And erecting optical systems 31a, 31b, 32a, 32 for setting four pupils provided at positions decentered from the optical axis of the objective optical system between the image forming points of the objective optical system.
b, an eye width adjusting prism 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, and a pupil setting optical system including four eyepieces 35a, 35b, 36a, 36b for two observers. Upright optical system 31a, 32b, 32a,
32b consists of one mirror and four prisms each,
Display each number with a lowercase letter a, b, c, d. The optical path for the first observer is composed of erecting optical systems 31a and 31b, eye width adjusting prisms 33a and 33b, and eyepieces 35a and 35b.The optical path for the second observer is erecting optical systems 32a and 32b. Eye width adjustment prism 3
4a, 34b and eyepieces 36a, 36b.

This embodiment is configured as described above, and since the structure of the pupil setting optical system is simple, it is easy to change the observation direction,
In addition, the size can be reduced. Also, by increasing the number of set pupils of the pupil setting optical system (increase the erecting optical system, the interpupillary distance adjusting optical system, and the eyepiece), it is possible to increase the number of persons who can observe simultaneously without changing the brightness of the observation image. Even if the increased optical path is used not for observation but for a device such as a photograph or a TV, there is no decrease in the amount of light due to light division, so that the aperture can be narrowed and an image with a deep depth of field can be obtained.

4. FIGS. 5 and 6 are a front view and a right side view, respectively, of the optical system of the third embodiment, in which the objective lens 21 and the afocal variable power system 22 have the same optical axis. And imaging lenses 37a, 37b, 37c that set three optical axes on the object side
An optical path splitting element 38a for splitting an optical path into a first observer and a second observer, and an optical path splitting element 38b and 38c for splitting an optical path into an apparatus for an observer and an apparatus such as a photograph or a TV apparatus; and for the first observer. Tilt angle deflecting optical systems 39a and 39b and an erecting optical system 40 for the first observer
a, 40b, an eyepiece 41a, 41b for a first observer, an erecting optical system 42a, 42b for a second observer, and a pupil including eyepieces 43a, 43b for a second observer And a setting optical system. Further, within the pupil setting optical system, one observation optical path C is divided into optical paths, and is commonly used for two observers.
One or both of the other observation optical paths D and E are moved around this observation optical path C, so that one or two observers can freely change the observation direction. FIG.
9 shows a relationship between the pupil of the variable power system 22 and the pupil of the pupil setting optical system. In order to eliminate the difference in brightness between the left and right images of the observation system, optical path splitting elements 38b and 38c are provided in the observation optical path D and the observation optical path E, so that a photographic device or a TV device can be mounted. In addition, the interpupillary distance can be adjusted by rotating the erecting optical systems 40a, 40b, 42a, and 42b around the optical axis of the incident side observation system as a rotation axis.

Since the objective optical system of the present embodiment and the objective optical system of the first embodiment have the same structure up to the afocal variable power system 22, if they can be separated as a unit at this position, the objective optical system of the first embodiment and the third embodiment will be described. Exchange is possible, and a more flexible observation system can be selected.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the stereomicroscope according to the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to adjust, and can be observed by many people,
It is possible to mount a photographic device or a TV device, it can change the viewing direction of multiple observers to the microscope, and it has an important practical advantage that it is hard to cause eye fatigue due to the difference between left and right observation images. ing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the first and second embodiments of the stereo microscope according to the present invention, respectively.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are a front view and a right side view of the optical system of the embodiment.
The figures are a front view and a plan view, respectively, of the optical system of the second embodiment.
7 are respectively a front view, a right side view, and a view showing the relationship between the pupil of the variable power system and the pupil of the pupil setting optical system according to the third embodiment. FIG. 8 and FIG. FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are a side view showing an all-optical system of the example and a perspective view of main parts thereof, and FIGS.
FIG. 13 and FIG. 13 are a front view and a main part plan view, respectively, showing all other two conventional optical systems. 21 …… Objective lens, 22 …… Afocal magnification system, 23,37
a, 37b, 37c …… imaging lens, 24,25 …… Poro prism, 2
6,27,35a, 35b, 36a, 36b, 41a, 41b, 43a, 43b ... eyepiece, 28,29 ... eye, 30 ... imaging optical system, 31a, 31b, 32a, 32
b, 40a, 40b, 42a, 42b ... erect optical system, 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b ...
... prism for adjusting interpupillary distance, 38a, 38b, 38c ... optical path splitting element, 39a, 39b ... tilt angle deflecting optical system.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tomonori Ishikawa 2-34-2 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shigeo Tokunaga 2-43-2 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Olin Inside the Pass Optical Co., Ltd. (72) Shinichi Nakamura, Inventor 2-43-2 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Olympus Optical Inside Co., Ltd. (72) Masahiko Kinukawa, 2-34-2-2, Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Inside Optical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masami Hamada 2-43-2, Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Inside Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-62-208019 (JP, A) JP-A-61- 172111 (JP, A) JP-A-59-99412 (JP, A) JP-A-60-1110 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G02B 21/00 G02B 21 / 06-21 / 36

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An objective lens, a variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens, and a plurality of optical paths provided on an exit side of the variable power optical system and transmitting the light from the variable power optical system to a plurality of optical paths. An optical path branching optical system, and an observation optical system having an eyepiece provided in at least one of the plurality of optical paths, wherein the eyepiece has a diameter larger than the eye width of an observer. microscope. 2. An objective lens, a variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens, and a plurality of optical paths provided on an exit side of the variable power optical system and configured to transmit the light emitted from the variable power optical system to a plurality of optical paths. A stereoscopic microscope comprising: an optical path branching optical system that branches into a plurality of optical paths; and an observation optical system having a pair of eyepieces provided in at least one of the plurality of optical paths. 3. A variable power optical system provided coaxially with the objective lens of an objective lens, and three or more light beams emitted from the variable power optical system which are provided on an exit side of the variable power optical system. A stereoscopic microscope comprising: an optical path branching optical system for branching into two optical paths; and an observation optical system having eyepieces respectively provided in two of the plurality of optical paths.