DE19911145A1 - Optical stereomicroscope facilitating surgical operations or fine work on objects - Google Patents

Abstract

The microscope has at least two splitters (22) dividing the beam (57) leaving the optical system of variable focal length, into transmitted- and reflected beams. An intersecting plane between a beam splitting surface (22L(R)) of one beam-splitting element (22L), and a beam splitting surface (22R(R)) of the other beam splitter (22R), or of their respective extended planes, lies in a beam path leaving the variable focal length optical system.

Description

The invention relates to a stereomicroscope, which a pair right and has left aperture diaphragms, which after a common optical System are arranged, which is an optical system with variable focal length for dividing a light beam into right and left light beams for right and has left eyes, and which is the viewing of an image by multiple viewers allowed.

A stereo microscope that allows you to view enlarged images of Permitted objects and conveying, relieving stereoscopic information the execution of work on objects and serves in particular for Use as a surgical microscope.

It now becomes a stereomicroscope using the example of a surgical microscope described.

To be able to perform more complicated medical operations, there is a desire for a surgical microscope that enables that an image from multiple observers at the same time and in desired Directions can be considered.

A known surgical microscope, as it is in the Japanese patent Kokei No. Hei-4-156412 (corresponding to DE 41 23 279 C2) is disclosed configured in such a way that light beams are created by a single optical system variable focal length to create images from the right and left eye can be viewed. With this conventional Surgical microscope can change the viewing direction freely by one aperture diaphragms for right and left optical paths, which according to the  optical system with a variable focal length are arranged around a twisted optical axis of the optical system with variable focal length, and it allows multiple viewers to view one image.

Another conventional example of a stereomicroscope is shown in FIG Japanese Patent Kokei No. Hei 9-318882 DE 197 18 102 A1. This conventional example uses an over wearing lens system, according to the optical system described above is arranged with variable focal length to reduce aberrations in a favorable manner to correct. An optical path length, which is determined by the transmission Lens system is extended by the arrangement of reflection elements kinked to lower an eye location towards the object side. Furthermore, one Aperture arranged at a location that matches an aperture reduce a change in stereo effect by changing a Enlargement is caused.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a stereo microscope that allows observation in a desired direction. In Fig. 1 1 2 designates a semi-transparent mirror or half mirror, an objective lens, 3 a stereo effect-setting orifice, 4, 5 and 6, reflection elements, 7 a focal point seamless zoom lens system 8, a beam splitter element 9 xionselement a Refle, 10, a first lens component a transmission lens system, 11 , 12 and 13 reflection elements and 14 a second lens component of the transmission lens system.

In the conventional stereomicroscope described above, an illuminating device is arranged on a side opposite to the object side of the half mirror 1 (above the half mirror 1 in FIG. 1 ) in order to illuminate an object to be viewed coaxially with a viewing axis. A light bundle from an object which is illuminated with the illumination device is reflected by the half mirror 1 and passes through the objective lens 2 , in order to thereby emerge as a light bundle without a focal point. The focal pointless light beam passes through the stereo effect setting diaphragm 3 and is reflected by the reflection elements 4 , 5 and 6 , in order then to continue upward in FIG. 1. After passing through the focal pointless zoom lens system 7 , which is arranged after the reflection element 6 and is coaxial with the objective lens 2, the focal point light beam is divided by the beam splitter element 8 . More specifically, the light beam emerging from the focal point-less zoom lens system 7 is reflected by the beam splitter element 8, reflected downwards by the reflection element 9 according to FIG. 1, to produce an image of the object through the first lens component of the transmission lens system, which is a focal pointless one Generated light beam, and reflected by the reflection elements 11 , 12 and 13 , respectively, whereby the light beam is directed upward on an extension line of an optical axis of the light beam incident from the object side in FIG. 1 and runs almost parallel to the optical axis of the incident light beam. With this stereomicroscope, since the viewer can place his eyes near the object and with the eye location deep, even if he uses an optical system with a long optical path, it can be used like a normal stereomicroscope. The setting of a pupil location can be facilitated by arranging a lens component in the vicinity of an image point or an imaging plane of the transmission lens system in this optical system.

A conventional intermediate lens tube section for a stereomicroscope is now described with reference to FIG. 2, which divides a light beam for viewing by two viewers and, as in the stereomicroscope according to the invention, allows viewing by several viewers.

In FIG. 2, 15 denotes a beam splitter which divides a light beam into a main viewer-side and a secondary viewer-side light beam; 16 a roof prism which is arranged on the main observer side; and 17 a lens barrel on the main observer side. Net 18 also designates a parallelogram roof prism; 19 a triple reflection roof prism; 20 an image rotator; and 21 denotes a lens barrel on the side of the observer. These elements form an optical system on the side of the viewer.

In the intermediate lens barrel section shown in FIG. 2, a light beam that falls on the beam splitter 15 and is transmitted through this beam splitter goes from those light beams that emerge from the transmission lens system, which depicts a light beam only once, to the main viewer side. More specifically, an image generated by the light beam transmitted through the beam splitter is erected by the erect roof prism 16 and falls on the main viewer-side lens barrel for viewing by a main viewer.

On the other hand, an image which is formed by a light beam reflected by the beam splitter 15 goes to the side of the viewer, or falls on the parallelogram prism 18 , passes through this prism, is erected when the roof prism 19 passes, passes through the image rotator 20 through and falls on the secondary lens barrel 21 for viewing by the secondary viewer.

The intermediate lens barrel on the sub-viewer side with the above configuration uses the parallelogram prism to produce a sufficient distance between the sub-viewer side and the main viewer side, and is rotatable about an optical axis of the transmission lens system and about an optical axis between the parallelogram prism 18 . By rotating the optical system behind the roof prism 19 and the lens tube on the side at an angle that is twice as large as the angle of rotation of the optical system, the viewing direction on the intermediate lens tube can be changed without rotating the image. Furthermore, there is an aperture at a point which is offset from the lens tubes 17 and 21 of the main viewer side and the secondary viewer side, so that the optical path length on the secondary viewer side is almost equal to that of the main viewer side. The aperture is arranged in front of the image rotator 20 in order to make it compact.

This intermediate lens barrel allows one image to be viewed by two at the same time Viewers can be viewed. There is also the possibility that a Image can be viewed by three or more viewers if the Beam splitter section is arranged in several stages.

A stereomicroscope with this intermediate lens tube enables that several surgeons participate in a medical operation. However there is a desire for a distance between the surgeon and the operator operating point is shortened. Since the participation of three surgeons permits a more advanced operation, there is a desire for one Microscope with which the three surgeons operate their eyes close to the can arrange the place and that gives a bright picture.

However, a conventional microscope cannot address these desires satisfactorily. You can also get effective information obtained from rays that are invisible to the human eye or too are weak. For example, infrared rays make the skin transparent, to make blood vessels clear and fluorescence causes certain tissue cells to do this specific fluorescence emit. A video image is good for viewing such an object suitable because it can reinforce contour and colors to make small Highlight differences and facilitate assessment. Furthermore should the video image can be generated in a state in which it is through several surgeons viewed stereoscopically and in agreement can be brought while the surgeons are performing an operation. Furthermore, video recording devices are to be of compact design and can be arranged so that they do not interfere with the operation.  

A first object of the invention is to provide a stereomicroscope which is the image viewing by a large number of viewers allowed, and on which a stereoscopic video recording device can be arranged, which is assigned to each viewer, in which one Connection direction of a stereoscopic video device in connection can be changed with a viewing direction of the viewer or / and a stereoscopic video image and a viewing image below Can be composed using a half mirror.

A second object of the invention is to provide a stereomicroscope that allows an image viewing by a large number of viewers and allows the eyes to be near the level of the surgical site to arrange.

A third object of the invention is to provide a stereomicroscope with which a stereoscopic image in the viewing direction of a Viewer.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a stereomicroscope which is designed as a compact image recording device, the one Image viewing allowed by a large number of viewers and one can take stereoscopic image.

The stereomicroscope according to the invention comprises: an optical objective system stem; a variable focal length optical system; as well as a Optical lens barrel system, characterized in that an optical Axis of the optical lens system to that of the optical system with variable focal length is optically aligned or aligned, the Microscope at least one imaging point or one imaging point the lens barrel optical system having a pair of right and left Aperture diaphragms, an imaging lens component and an eyepiece having right and left optical viewing axes, which  are defined by the right and left aperture diaphragms, not visually too an optical axis of the optical system with variable focal length are aligned or aligned with this, the microscope several Has reflection elements with beam splitter surfaces, one from the optical system with variable focal length emerging light beam divide into a penetrating light beam and reflected light beams, and that a boundary line or plane on which the beam splitter surface of a of the reflection elements or an extension plane of the beam splitter surface with the beam splitter surface of another reflection element or intersects one of the extension planes of the beam splitter surface, within of the light bundle that comes from the optical system with variable Focal length emerges.

The stereomicroscope according to the invention thus comprises an optical lens system, an optical system with a variable focal length and an optical lens barrel system, as shown for example in FIG. 1, wherein an optical axis of the optical lens system is optically aligned or aligned with that of the optical system with a variable focal length, whereby the microscope has at least one imaging point, and wherein the optical lens barrel system has a pair of right and left aperture diaphragms, an imaging lens component and an eyepiece, whereby the stereomicroscope allows an image to be viewed simultaneously by a plurality of viewers.

In order to enable such image viewing, the fiction, contemporary stereomicroscope comprises an objective lens component 2 , a focal point-less lens system with variable focal length 7 , which is optically coaxial with the objective lens component 2 and a focal point-free transmission system 10 - 14 of the single image reversal or cycle type, such as For example, shown in Fig. 1, and divides a light beam that emerges from the center of the focal point transmission lens systems into two light beams and then into three light beams, namely through left-side transmission reflection and right-hand transmission reflection using a prism divided here into three 22 ( 22 L, 22 R), such as shown in FIG. 3. The stereomicroscope according to the invention is characterized in that a boundary plane between a surface which reflects the light bundle to the left and a surface which reflects the light bundle to the right intersects with an optical axis 69 of the light bundle which emerges from the transfer lens systems from single image reversal. or cycle type emerges. This feature enables the split prism to be made compact, prevents a main observer's eye location on one side of the light beam passing through the split prism from being placed far from an object, and prevents the overall image brightness from decreasing. Even if the prism is divided into more parts so that the image can be viewed by a larger number of viewers, a similar effect can be obtained in that there are boundaries below the divided surfaces within a light beam that consists of a second lens component of the transmission lens system emerges (the lens component 14 shown in FIG. 4, for example within a light beam with a width D according to FIG. 3).

Furthermore, the stereomicroscope according to the invention comprises in another Execution of an optical lens system, an optical system with variable focal length, an optical lens barrel system etc., as above and is characterized in that it is a stereo image recording system that takes a stereo image, which ent speaking an image viewed through the optical lens barrel system is recorded.

The optical lens barrel system is arranged in a plurality, wherein Stereo images recorded according to the optical viewing systems and the recorded stereo images are viewed can. Specifically speaking, the stereomicroscope is composed in such a way that  Reflection elements, which the number of reflections to that of Adjust pupil positions or adapt to the number of observer eyes are arranged in front of a video optical system for use on the Place a right or left observer-side lens tube on the Subsidiary side. In this case, it is convenient to put a lens barrel in which the stereo video optical system is arranged in connection with the to move another lens barrel, so that the viewing location remains unchanged remains.

It is also possible to arrange a video recording or photography system on a transmission side of the beam splitter element 8 , as shown in FIG. 1, and to move this video recording system in connection with the main observer-side lens tube. This configuration of the stereo microscope makes it possible to leave the viewing locations unchanged both on the main viewer side and on the secondary viewer side, even if a video image is switched to a viewer image.

With the stereomicroscope configured in this way, it is possible to view images through invisible rays are formed with the naked eye, images that are dark and are difficult to see, images enhanced by image editing are to switch, etc. and to overlap to enable that surgeons have no feeling of being unfamiliar or faulty work efficiently.

The stereomicroscope according to the invention according to yet another Execution corresponds to the above stereomicroscope, but is thereby characterized in that it has a stereo image pickup device which has two optical paths, consisting of a first optical path and from a second optical path and that the stereo image acquisition beforehand direction has an optical imaging system that has a light beam  once depicted, as well as an aperture diaphragm that with an aperture diaphragm optical lens barrel system almost coincides.

Specifically, for example, a TV or video recording system is attached to a transmission side of a beam splitter element 8 in the optical system of Fig. 1 or to the right or left sub-viewer-side lens barrel 21 of Fig. 3, and the pupil is required to be attached to adapt an observer side to an aperture diaphragm of the recording system. Therefore, a light beam is imaged once in the recording system, an aperture diaphragm is arranged and a location coinciding with the aperture diaphragm is formed on the object side of the aperture diaphragm. A structure shown in Fig. 8 is used to adjust the right and left optical path lengths. Specifically, the right and left optical paths are designed to have portions in which the optical axes are parallel to each other to match the left and right optical path lengths. The optical path lengths are adjusted by moving reflection elements which are arranged in the sections in which the optical axes are parallel to one another, or are extended by a path which is twice the movement distance of the reflection elements, whereby the optical path lengths in the considerable extent are adjustable. In the configuration shown in FIG. 8, these portions correspond to a portion in an optical path for the left eye from an optical axis of a light beam incident on a reflection element 37 L to an optical axis of a light beam emerging from a reflection element 38 L , and a section in an optical path for the right eye from an optical axis of a light beam that falls on a reflection element 36 R, to an optical axis of a light beam that emerges from the reflection element 37 R. Therefore, the optical path lengths can be adjusted with the stereomicroscope, while the stereomicroscope remains compact. When such a configuration is used for both the right and left optical systems, the planes determined by the parallel optical axes intersect each other orthogonally, making it possible to place the optical system in a confined space.

The invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments described on the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a structure of a portion of a stereo microscope by an objective lens component to a relay lens system;

Fig. 2 shows in section a structure of a beam splitter section of a stereomicroscope for observation by two observers;

FIG. 3 shows in section a structure of a secondary observer side of a first embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the invention;

Fig. 4 shows a structure in section of a main viewer side of the first embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the invention;

Fig. 5 shows schematically the positional relationship between the openings / apertures of a beam splitter portion for viewing by three viewer;

Fig. 6 shows in section a structure of a main viewer side of a second embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the invention;

Fig. 7 shows in section a structure of a side view of the second embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the invention;

Fig. 8 shows in perspective a structure of an image recording system for use in the present invention stereomicroscope;

Fig. 9 shows in section a first embodiment of a transmission lens system for use in the imaging system;

Fig. 10 shows in section a second embodiment of the transmission lens system for use in the imaging system;

Fig. 11 shows an exterior view of an embodiment which enables viewing of a video image; and

Fig. 12 shows in section a structure of an optical system that allows viewing a video image.

First, a first embodiment of the stereo micro according to the invention skops described.

A first embodiment is configured to split a light beam emerging from a variable focal length optical system so that an image can be viewed by multiple viewers. Here, the structure is such that a light beam that exits, for example, from the second lens component 14 of the relay lens system of the optical system 2-14 shown in Fig. 1 (an optical system which is an optical lens system, an optical system with variable focal length, etc.). comprises) is divided by a beam splitter element 22 , 23 ( Fig. 3) into a plurality of light beams so that the image can be viewed by several viewers.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a beam splitter system, as used in the first embodiment of the stereomicroscope, to divide a light beam emerging from the optical system 2-14 with variable focal length in a main viewer side and two side viewer sites. FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples of beam splitting system which splits a light beam into three light beams.

Fig. 3 shows the secondary viewer side and Fig. 4 the main viewer side. In Fig. 4, 14 denotes a second lens component of a transmission lens system, and 22 L and 22 R denote beam splitter elements (beam splitter prisms) which divide a light beam from the second lens component 14 to be arranged in Fig. 3 in three directions, namely a transmission side , ie the main viewer side, and two side viewers through reflections on the right and left side. A line of intersection between reflecting surfaces 22 L (R) and 22 R (R) of the beam splitter prisms 22 L intersects with an optical axis 69 of a light beam 57 (Fig. 5), exiting the relay lens system of the second lens component 14. This allows the beam splitter prisma 22 to split the beams evenly between the right and left side of the observer. A beam of light, which reaches the main viewer side through the beam splitter prism 22 , falls on a roof prism 23 shown in FIG. 4, and a lens barrel 21 is arranged, which is rotated through the roof prism by 180 °. If necessary, the light beam falling through the prism 23 onto the tube 21 is rotated through the prism 23 by 180 °. The lens barrel 21 contains an imaging lens component, an optical alignment system and an interpupillary adjustment mechanism and has a variable angle of inclination. Here, an aperture diaphragm 25 is arranged at a location which conjugates or coincides with a stereo effect setting diaphragm at maximum magnification of the focal pointless zoom lens system 7 in order to prevent the stereo effect from becoming too strong at maximum magnification.

The light beams reflected by the beam splitter prisms 22 L and 22 R are arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane that contains the optical axis 69 of a light beam that emerges from the second lens component 14 of the transmission lens system.

Now the side viewer pages of the first run are in detail described.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 right-side viewer side of a light bundle 57 (Fig. 5) (in the figure from the bottom) of the second Linsenkom component 14 of the relay lens system to the beam splitter element 22 falls R, reflected by a half-mirror surface of the beam splitter element , is reflected once again in the beam splitter element and then emerges in a direction which is inclined by 45 ° relative to the optical axis of the light beam incident on the beam splitter element 22 R. The light beam emerging from the beam splitter element 22 R falls onto a roof edge prism 28 on the side of the observer, is reflected three times by a reflection surface and roof surfaces of the roof edge prism and emerges in a direction that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the light beam that is directed onto the beam splitter element 22 R falls, or in the horizontal direction. A wedge prism 30 is then arranged in order to reduce an image center shift. The wedge prism 30 thus has the effect of compensating for an insufficient processing precision of an image rotator 29 in order to lower the manufacturing costs of the image rotator prism. A lens barrel 21 on the side of the observer is arranged on the exit side of the wedge prism 30 .

The side viewer-side lens tube 21 does not contain an aperture diaphragm here, but is also constructed in exactly the same way as the main viewer-side lens tube. An aperture diaphragm can, for example, be arranged at a location that corresponds to a maximum enlargement of the focal point-less zoom lens system of the stereo effect setting diaphragm, or between the wedge prism 30 and the auxiliary viewer-side lens barrel 21 of the first embodiment. In addition, the left viewer side is symmetrical to the right viewer side and has the same function.

Furthermore, an optical axis (optical observer axis), which is determined by the aperture (aperture) and an image surface or image plane of the lens barrel, is offset from an optical axis of the main observer side of the beam splitter element 22 R, as shown in FIG. 5. Fig. 5 beamsplitter prisms shows 22 L and 22 R, viewed from the side of the second lens component 14 of the relay lens system (FIG. 3 from the bottom), showing an opening or aperture (aperture) 54 L for the left eye and an opening or Aperture (aperture) 54 R for the right eye on the main observer side, an aperture or aperture (aperture) 55 L for the left eye and an aperture or aperture (aperture) 55 R for the right eye on the left observer side, as well as an opening or aperture (blen de) 56 L for the left eye and an opening 56 R or aperture (aperture) for the right eye on the right side of the observer. Furthermore, a light beam 57 that emerges from the second lens component 14 of the transmission lens system is narrowed by a stereo effect adjusting diaphragm when the magnification is increased until it becomes an emerging light beam 58 at the maximum magnification. The above configuration is able to narrow a light beam with the beam splitter elements 22 L and 22 R, reduce the light attenuation and darken an image at edge sections.

If a distance between the optical axes of the lens tubes is denoted by A and a distance between planes which contain the left and right optical observer axes of the left and right secondary observer side is denoted by B, as shown in FIG. 5, the light attenuation is low, if the following condition is met:

0.6 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.8

Even if the light is more or less at the edge of the field of vision is attenuated, the light attenuation can be corrected by the Magnification of the lens barrel optical system is corrected, for example by extending the focal length of the imaging lens component and stronger magnification of the eyepiece.

Furthermore, the image rotating prism 29 is integrated with the wedge prism 30 , so that the secondary viewer-side optical system can be rotated about an axis between the optical viewer axes for the left eye and the right eye, as indicated in FIG. 3 with the reference number 60 . The secondary viewer-side optical system thus contains a first rotating section. Furthermore, the secondary viewer-side lens barrel 21 can also be rotated about a center between the right and left optical viewer axes, as shown with the reference number 61 , or it contains a second rotating section.

The lens barrel can be rotated without rotating the image by rotating the first rotating section and the second rotating section while maintaining the following relationship:

α1: α2 = 1: 2

where α1 denotes an angle of rotation of the first rotary section and α2 an angle of rotation of the second rotating portion.

Furthermore, the viewing direction can be changed somewhat by rotating sections from the side roof prism 28 to the side lens tubes 21 about a central section between the right and left optical viewing axes between the beam splitter element 22 R and the side viewer side roof prism 28 , as in FIG. 3 indicated with the reference number 67 . Although there is no boundary between the reflecting surfaces 22 L (R), 22 R (R) on the optical axis 69 of the light beam 57 that emerges from the second lens component 14 of the transmission lens system, here the boundary between the reflecting surfaces is within an emerging light bundle contained reflecting surface. Similarly, the viewing direction can be changed somewhat by rotating rotating sections from the beam splitter element 22 R to the secondary viewer-side lens tubes 21 integrally around an intermediate axis between the right and left viewing axes on the incident side of the beam splitter element 22 R.

Furthermore, the viewing locations of the three viewers can be changed by integrally rotating the right and left secondary viewer sides about the axis 69 of the light beam 57 that emerges from the second lens component 14 of the transmission lens system. The main viewer side preferably does not rotate together with the rotations of the secondary viewer sides.

Now the main viewer page of the first version of the stereo micro skops described, which as an example for consideration by three Viewer is designed (three-part of a light beam).

A main viewer section of the first embodiment has a first structure as shown in FIG. 4. In this example, an eye location of an eyepiece in a direction orthogonal to the semitransparent mirror or half mirror 1 is not far from an extension of an optical axis of a light beam that falls on a semitransparent mirror or half mirror 1 , as shown in FIG. 1 (hereinafter referred to as shifting direction), that is, the eyes of the viewer are not far from the optical axis of the light beam that falls on the half mirror 1 . This structure is chosen because the viewer prefers a direction of the optical axis of the light beam falling on the half mirror 1 , which is in the vicinity of the eyes of the viewer, in order to carry out various work during the viewing, although the eye location of the eyepiece is far from the optical Axis of the above-mentioned incident light beam can be removed. The first version fulfills this wish. For this reason, a roof prism 23 used on the main viewer side is the same as the roof prism used on the secondary viewer side in FIG. 3, but with a light beam emerging from the roof prism 23 passing through a double reflection prism 24 so as to be reflected in the direction of displacement . An aperture diaphragm 25 is arranged behind the reflection prism 24 . This aperture diaphragm 25 is arranged at one point in order to transmit an image at maximum magnification from a focal point-less zoom lens system of a stereo effect setting diaphragm. A main observer-side lens tube 21 without an aperture diaphragm is arranged on the image side of the aperture diaphragm 25 .

The first implementation of the main viewer page is as described above designed to be near the eye location in the direction of the optical axis of the eye to arrange the incident light beam and far in the direction of displacement.

Furthermore, the first embodiment allows the main viewer-side lens barrel to be rotated about an axis between the right and left aperture diaphragms, as indicated by reference numeral 62 in FIG. 4, so that the main viewer can view the image in a desired direction and in a favorable posture.

On the sub-observer sides of the first embodiment described above, the right and left viewing light beams pass through different surfaces in the beam splitter elements 22 ( 22 L and 22 R) on the sub-observer sides, so that the centers and the perfocalities or focussing are different. In order to correct these differences, it is sufficient to arrange a focal pointless lens component with a variable focal length between the reflection element 24 and the lens barrel 21 on the main observer side and to adjust the centers and perfocalities or focussing with this lens component of variable focal length. This also applies to a second version described later.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views of components of a Hauptbe trachterseite and side viewer side of a second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 shows an optical system in the main viewer side which is designed as an example for observation by three observers of the second embodiment. In this optical system, reflection surfaces for double reflection of an emerging light bundle, which is divided and reflected by a beam splitter element 31 shown in FIG. 7, are arranged parallel to one another. More specifically, two reflection elements (reflection prisms) 26 and 27 , which reflect the emerging light beam, are arranged such that their reflection surfaces are parallel to each other. Accordingly, these prisms make it possible to set an eye location while keeping an optical axis of the emerging light bundle parallel to an optical axis of the light bundle emerging from a roof prism 23 . Because the two prisms are used for double reflection of the emerging light beam, an aperture diaphragm 25 can be arranged between the two prisms, which are located at locations that almost match or conjugate with a stereo effect setting diaphragm. Furthermore, a main observer-side lens tube 21 is arranged at a location of a light bundle which has emerged from the roof prism 23 and is reflected by the prism 27 after passage of the aperture diaphragm 25 , and a focal point-free lens component with a variable focal point is as in the first embodiment in arranged in this lens barrel in order to be able to adjust the centers and perfocalities or focusing. Although the reflection prism 27 and the lens barrel 21 can be moved within an allowable range in the exit direction from the reflection prism 26 , the image is undesirably darkened when these elements are moved out of the allowable range. Although the aperture stop is also movable within an allowable range, a difference in brightness between the left and right portions of an image area is large when the aperture stop 25 is moved beyond the allowable range. An observer can choose an eye location in the direction of the incident light beam and the direction of displacement, in order to obtain an appropriate eye location. In this case, it is possible not to move the eye location continuously, but to adjust the eye location with a certain unit that lies between the reflection prisms 26 and 27 in order to adjust the eye location to a suitable distance. In this way, a malfunction with a lens barrel having a projection can be avoided.

Fig. 7 shows an optical system of a beam splitter portion (side viewer pages) in the second embodiment of the stereomicroscope, which is configured in this example to a light beam into three light beams split. This version is an example in which the right and left side have lowered eye locations. To lower the eye locations, a light beam emerges from a beam splitter element 31 in a direction that has an angle of 30 ° relative to the horizontal direction, and a reflection prism 32 and a double-reflecting roof prism 33 are arranged on the side of the observer, so that a light beam emerges from the roof prism emerges in the horizontal direction. This embodiment is designed such that an image rotating prism 29 , a wedge prism 30 and a lens barrel 21 are arranged after the roof prism 33 , as in the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, in which light beams emerge from the beam splitter element at a small angle, as described above, the lower sides have the deep-seated eye locations. Furthermore, there is an intersection between the right and left half-mirror surfaces on an extension of an optical axis of a light bundle that emerges from the second lens component 14 of a transmission lens system. Only the secondary viewer sides can be rotated about an optical axis 69 of the emerging light bundle, as indicated in FIG. 7 with the reference number 68 . In this case, there must be a boundary between the reflective surfaces on the optical axis of the light beam emerging from the second lens component 14 of the relay lens system, and the boundary between the reflective surfaces is contained within a reflective surface of the emerging light beam.

Although in Figs. 3 and 4 or 6 and 7, which represent the first embodiment or second embodiment described above, only one optical system is illustrated, the optical system includes one for the left eye and one for the right eye so that two left and right optical paths (optical axes) are available. In addition, the optical system can in addition to the viewer side, 3 and 7 as shown in Figs., With the optical systems on the main viewer's side, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7 can be freely combined. For example, a composition can be used in which the main viewer side shown in FIG. 4 is combined with the secondary viewer side shown in FIG. 7. The side viewer side optical system shown in Fig. 7 may have a composition divided into right and left side viewers, using the axis of rotation 69 as a boundary. In this case, it is possible to replace only one of the optical systems on the secondary observer sides by the optical system on the secondary observer side shown in FIG. 3. If an optical system on the secondary viewer side is divided into two optical systems as described above, there is the possibility of rotating the two optical systems independently of one another, as shown in FIG. 3. Also in Fig. 3 there is the possibility of only one of the optical systems at the viewer side pages by the ancillary viewer side to replace in Fig. 7 of the optical system shown.

A description will now be given of a third embodiment of a stereo micro skops for use in a stereo photography or recording system, which creates a stereo image that corresponds to a viewing image.

Fig. 8 shows a perspective view of the third embodiment of the stereomicroscope according to the invention. In Fig. 8 34 L and 34 R imaging lens components are designated left and right viewing systems, with 35 L, 36 L, 37 L, 38 L, 40 L and 35 R, 36 R, 37 R, 38 R, 40 R are Reflection elements (reflection prisms, totally reflecting prisms and reflection mirrors) of the left or right viewing system, and with 39 L, 41 L and 39 R, 41 R a left or a right optical transmission system are called.

In the optical system shown in Fig. 8, a light beam to be observed with the left eye passes through the imaging lens component 34 L of a photographic system, and is reflected by the reflecting element (reflection prism) 35 L in a direction orthogonal to a plane which is an optical one Includes axis of the imaging lens component 34 L of the photographic system by the reflection element (reflection prism) 36 L in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of a light beam incident on the reflection element 35 L and an optical axis of a light beam emerging from the reflection element 35 L emerges, is reflected, is reflected by the reflection element 37 L in a direction parallel to the photographic optical axis of a light beam for the left eye, which passes through the imaging lens component 34 L for the left eye, becomes 38 L through a reflection surface of the reflection element (reflection prism) i rotated in a direction parallel to a photographic optical axis for the left eye between the reflection element 36 L and the reflection element 37 L, and is reflected by a reflection surface of the reflection element (reflection prism) 40 L in a direction parallel to the photographic optical axis for the left eye rotated between the reflection element 35 L and the reflection element 36 L. Otherwise, a reflection element (reflection prism) 42 L, which is arranged at a location corresponding to a video or TV camera, is not required if a small video camera is used, or may lie on an extension of an optical axis of a light beam which emerges from the reflection element 40 L. Reference numeral 59 L denotes an image pickup surface on the left eye side.

On the other hand, in the viewing system for the right eye, a light beam that has passed through the imaging lens component 34 R for the right eye is passed through a reflection surface of the reflection element 35 R in a direction that is parallel to a photographic optical axis for the left eye the reflection element 35 R and the reflection element 36 R, and reflected off a plane containing optical axes of the right and left photographic light beams. A light beam reflected from this surface is from a reflection surface of the reflection element 36 R in a direction that is parallel to an optical axis of a photographic light beam for the left eye and is the same as the light beam between the reflection element 36 L and the reflection element 37 L, reflected. Then the light beam is directed through a reflection surface of the reflection element 37 R in a direction that is parallel to an optical axis of a light beam between the reflection element 35 R and the reflection element 36 R, but opposite to the light beam, and is by the reflection element 38 R reflected in a direction parallel to an optical axis of a light beam between the reflection element 37 L and the reflection element 38 L and equal to the light beam, and by the reflection element 40 R in a direction parallel to an optical axis of a light beam for the left eye between the reflection element 40 L and the reflection element 42 L and just as the light beam is reflected. Like the reflection element 42 L for the left eye, the reflection element 42 R can be omitted depending on the size of a video camera. The reference number 59 R denotes an image recording surface on the side of the right eye.

In the right and left optical systems, rotations of Images created by the right and left photographic optical systems generated by rotating the right and left prism systems in Matched as described above.

In the right and left photographic optical systems described above, aperture diaphragms must be arranged at positions that conjugate or match with the stereo effect adjusting diaphragm 3 , as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, images of the aperture diaphragms must be created outside of the photographic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange a transmission lens system which images a light beam once in the photographic system and images the light beam again. For this purpose, it is sufficient to arrange a video image recording system at a second imaging location in order to take the image. An aperture diaphragm is arranged between the first imaging point and the second imaging point, in order to thereby take out the image lying outside the photographic system and to transmit the image to a point which corresponds to or conjugates with the stereo effect setting diaphragm 3 .

Embodiments of the transfer lens system are described below. FIGS. 9 and 10 show embodiments of the optical path for the left eye in a first embodiment and a second guide from whose numeric data are listed as follows:

Version 1

Version 2

The first embodiment of the relay lens system has the structure shown in Fig. 9, where 34 L denotes an imaging lens component, wherein flat plates 35 L, 36 L, 37 L and 40 L denote the reflection prisms shown in Fig. 8, 41 L denotes a relay lens system and 43 L an aperture stop.

In the first embodiment of the transmission lens system, a focal point light bundle that emerges from a focal pointless lens system 7 is imaged by the imaging lens component 34 L in the reflection element 37 L as shown in FIG. 9 after the light bundle has passed through the reflection elements 35 L and 36 L is. The first embodiment has a structure in which the light beam passes through an aperture stop 43 L which is arranged at a position which coincides with or conjugates with the stereo effect adjustment stop 3 after the light beam is imaged and through the reflection elements 38 L and 40 L has occurred, and by a transmission lens system 41 L, which allows the light beam to pass through the reflection element 42 L and reproduces the image generated in the reflection element 37 L on an image recording surface 59 L ( FIG. 8).

The right eye viewing system has a structure similar to that of the left eye viewing system except for the positions of the reflection elements which are slightly different from those in the left eye viewing system. Specifically speaking, the reflection element 37 R is arranged at a location which is 7.5 mm away from the reflection element 37 L on the object side. Furthermore, the reflection element 38 R is arranged at a location which is 9.5 mm away from the reflection element 38 L on the image side. In the second embodiment, on the other hand, the reflection element 37 R is arranged at a location which is 4.5 mm away from the reflection element 37 R on the object side. Furthermore, the reflection element 38 R is arranged at a location which is 13.5 mm away from the reflection element 38 L on the image side. In any case, the reflection elements of the optical observation systems for the right eye and the left eye according to FIG. 8 can be arranged without changing the optical path lengths and without influencing the imaging performance.

The first version of the transmission lens system, in which from the Main rays emerging from the transmission lens system are not parallel to each other is not when using a single-plate video camera problematic, but creates color shadows if you use a three-plate Video camera used, which uses a three-color decomposition prism.

A second embodiment of the transmission lens system has the structure shown in FIG. 10, an imaging lens component 34 L representing a focal point light bundle emerging from the focal point-less zoom lens system between plane-parallel plates (reflection elements) 37 L and 38 L. After the light beam has passed through a reflection element 38 L, a transmission lens component 39 L images this light beam again behind a reflection element 42 L. The light beam is telecentric when it exits the 41 L transmission lens system.

The second embodiment of the transmission lens system is characterized in that the light beam emerging from the transmission lens system 41 L is telecentric, whereby the transmission lens system can prevent the occurrence of color shadows even when using a color decomposition prism using an interference film. In other words, the transmission lens component 39 L has a structure that is telecentric and corrects aberrations favorably.

Except for a difference between the right and the left Image caused by diopter complicates a difference in magnification between the right and left image Viewing an image through a stereo photography or recording sy stem is generated, such as the stereo microscope according to the invention. Therefore  it is with shared right and left optical systems required the optical path lengths in the right and left optical System to align each other. Furthermore, the stereo recording system must spatial restrictions can be made compact, such as by the shape of a video camera, which is a position of the stereo recording stems determined. Since the optical system according to the invention is a large one Overall length, it is very effective the stereo recording system to be interpreted in such a way that it is mechanically moved a short distance and leaves space for sufficient optical path lengths.

Therefore, the stereo recording system is preferably designed such that it has two or more reflective surfaces, with optical axes of all Beams of light that run from an incidence point to an exit point lie on one level, with incoming and emerging light beams have parallel optical axes and where the incident Beams of light and the emerging beams of light in opposite directions set direction.

In the optical system shown in Fig. 8, a structure is from the light beam emerging from the reflection element (reflection prism) 36 L to the light beam falling on the transmission lens system and a portion of the optical axis of the light beam which is from the Reflection element (reflection prism) 35 R emerges, arranged to the optical axis of the light beam that falls on the reflection element 36 R, as described above. Accordingly, movement of the reflection element over a certain path produces a change in the optical path length over a path twice as long, which is very effective in setting the optical path length.

In the structure shown in Fig. 8, the reflection member 37 L and the reflection member 38 L are moved in the optical path for the left eye in directions along the parallel optical axes, that is, in the directions indicated by arrows 63 and 64 , and the reflection member 36 R and the reflection element 37 R are moved in the optical path for the right eye in directions indicated by arrows 65 and 66 . It is therefore effective to use these optical paths to adjust the optical path lengths. To shorten a stereoscopic projection or protrusion; it is preferred that the above-mentioned planes intersect each other orthogonally in the right and left photographic optical paths. If the reflection elements 35 L, 36 L, 35 R, 36 R etc. are to be fastened, it is preferred with regard to a compact design of the entire optical system to cement 35 L to 36 L and 35 R to 36 L. In each of the embodiments described above, the relay lens system is cemented to 35L 36 L and 35 R is cemented to R 36.

In the stereo recording system, an image on the sub-viewer side can be in the same direction as that on the main viewer side when a plane containing the optical axes of incidence for the right and left eyes is parallel to a plane which is an optical axis of light beams contains, which fall on the beam splitter element 8 and emerge therefrom, and the image lens component 34 R of the recording system is located on one side of the reflection element 9 of the beam splitter element 8 .

Since the stereo recording system with the structure described above is to be assigned behind the beam splitter element 8 in the optical system of FIG. 1, a light beam is reflected by the reflection elements of the recording system an odd number of times. If the recording system is arranged at the location of Betrachtungslinsentubus 21 in FIGS. 3, 4 and FIGS. 6, 7, a light beam is reflected an even number of times until it falls on the recording system, whereby the image is turned from the inside out and the position of the stereo effect adjustment diaphragm does not match the position of the aperture diaphragm. In order to match the number of reflections and maintain the conjugate relationship between the aperture diaphragm and the stereo effect adjusting diaphragm, reflection elements for an odd number of reflections must be placed in front of the imaging lens components 34 L and 34 R in the stereo recording system so that they can be placed in place of the lens barrel.

A fourth embodiment of the stereomicroscope will now be described is configured to a TV or video image for a variety of viewers to create.

The fourth embodiment allows viewing a TF or video image using the optical system described above, which a Light beam divided into three parts, so that an image can be viewed simultaneously by three viewers can be viewed.

Fig. 11 shows in perspective an overall configuration of the fourth implementation, with which a TV or video image can be viewed. In FIG. 11, 64 denotes a microscope tube which has the optical system shown in FIG. 1. Designated at 65 is a beam splitter section which has the optical system shown in FIG. 3, from which the lens bus 21 is omitted. Attached to the beam splitter section are a main viewer-side video viewing lens barrel 60 , a side viewer-side video viewing lens barrel 61 , a main viewer-side stereo photography or recording system 62, and a side viewer-side stereo photography or recording system 63 .

Fig. 12 shows the structure of the main viewer-side video viewing lens barrel 60 and the secondary-side viewer video viewing lens barrel 61st In Fig. 12, 44 L and 44 R denote imaging lens components for viewing through the left eye and the right eye, 46 L, 47 L and 46 R, 47 R image rotators, 45 L, 45 R and 48 L, 48 R and 49 L, 49 R reflection elements, 50 L and 50 R image insertion or mirror elements, 51 L and 51 R eyepieces, 52 L and 52 R displays and 53 L and 53 R imaging lens components.

In the observer lens barrel with the structure shown in FIG. 12, a focal pointless light beam falls on the imaging lens component 44 L and is imaged by this lens component in an optical system for the left eye. The light beam is reflected by the reflection element 45 L in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of incidence, falls on the image rotators 46 L and 47 L, in which the light beam is reflected five times and emerges on an extension line of the optical path of incidence. The light bundle emerging from the image rotator 47 L falls on the reflection element 48 L, in which the light bundle is reflected three times and emerges in a direction that is opposite to the optical axis of incidence and the direction of incidence. A light beam emerging from the reflection prism 48 L falls on the reflection element 49 L and emerges after reflection in an orthogonal direction. After reflection by the reflection element 49 L, the light beam is imaged in the imaging lens component 44 L. An image imaged by the imaging lens component 44 L is enlarged through the eyepiece 51 L for viewing with the left eye.

On the side of the right eye is a beam of light in the same way edited to an enlarged image for viewing through the right eye to create.

In the optical system described above, the images can be erected by rotating the image rotators 46 L, 47 L and 46 R, 47 R about their optical axes.

Although the images are not erected in FIG. 12 for the sake of simplicity of illustration, the image rotators are actually rotated through 90 ° about the axis of rotation.

There is the possibility of changing an inclination angle without image rotation by rotating the image rotators by an angle θ around the rotation axes and a section from the reflection element 48 L to the eyepiece 51 L behind the image rotators at an angle 2 θ around the same rotation axis turns.

An eye-eye distance of the eyepiece can be adjusted by moving a section from the reflection element 49 L to the eyepiece 51 L in the direction along an optical axis of incidence of the reflection element 49 L.

In order to maintain focus or perfocality, the eyepiece 51 L is moved in the direction along the optical axis when it is moved to adjust the eye-eye distance.

In order to display the image recorded or photographed by the stereo recording system, the displays 52 L and 52 R are arranged on the lens tubes and are adapted to the image planes of the eyepieces 51 L and 51 R by means of the imaging lens components 53 L and 53 R.

The image insertion element 50 L enables the image generated by the recording system to be viewed through the eyepiece 51 L. The display 52 L can be a liquid crystal monitor or a reflection liquid crystal display. The image insertion element 50 L can be a switching mirror if it is to be operable in a switchable mode, or a semi-transparent mirror if it is to be used for composing images.

A video recording or photography system is placed behind the reflection element 8 when it is to be used as the main viewer-side stereoscopic video recording system 62 , or on the right or left side of the viewer that is not used by the three viewers when it is as that Side viewer-side stereo recording system 63 is to be used. The secondary viewer-side stereo recording system is preferably arranged such that it generates an image, the direction of which coincides with an image in a secondary viewer system on the other secondary viewer side. For this purpose, it is sufficient to arrange the reflection elements for the odd number of reflections in front of the sub-recording system so that a plane formed by an optical axis of the reflection elements (a plane containing the optical axis) is parallel to a plane which is the right and left contains optical axes in the secondary imaging system, and so that the imaging system for the left eye of the secondary imaging system is optically aligned or aligned with the optical path for the right eye of the auxiliary imaging system. This arrangement of the secondary recording system allows images to be obtained which have the same direction, even if the image recorded on the secondary viewer's side is selected. Although the photographed image has a diopter which is different from that of the image actually viewed, the difference is small and unproblematic in practical use.

On the main viewer side, the relationship between images in the sub-viewer-side stereo recording system 63 and the sub-viewer-side video image viewing lens barrel can be maintained by extending the main viewer-side video image viewing lens barrel 60 by an extension line from the exit optical axis of the second lens component 14 of the relay lens system rotates for incidence on the lens barrel and the main viewer-side stereo recording system 62 rotates around the optical axis of the focal pointless zoom lens system 7 together with the rotation of the main viewer-side video image viewing lens barrel. The lens tubes can be rotated together about the optical axis of the reflection element 28 , so that a direction of an image in the viewer-side viewing lens tube 61 does not differ from an image in the viewer-side stereo recording system 63 .

No locking mechanism is required because the optical axis on the object side does not move when the lens barrel is rotated by the image rotator 29 . It is therefore preferred to fix the image rotator 29 and the recording device when the secondary viewer-side stereo recording system 68 is to be attached to the image rotator 29 .

The structure described above makes it possible only under unfavorable Perhaps not, by attaching the right and left recording sys stems and the image insertion device to place the eye location more favorably, and Allows two main and secondary viewers to share a video image consider a favorable stereo effect.

The stereomicroscope according to the invention enables several Viewer a stereo image with the same field of view, the same ver enlargement and to look at a readable or convenient place and the Place eyes near an object. The invention Stereomicroscope is compact, allows viewing right and left Images that are hardly different and include a stereo recording device that can be attached in place of a lens barrel. The equipped with the recording device stereo microscope also the arrangement of the eyes in the vicinity of the object, so that multiple viewers can view a video image that is different from one Viewing image does not differ.

The stereomicroscope according to the invention comprises an objective system, a system with a variable focal length and a lens barrel system and is characterized in that a plurality of beam splitter elements 22 L, 22 R, 23 , the beam splitter surfaces 22 L (R), 22 R (R) have a divide light bundle emerging from the system of variable focal length is arranged such that the divided light bundles enter the lens barrel system 21 , 21 and that there is a boundary between one of the beam splitter surfaces or an extension plane thereof and another one of the beam splitter surfaces or an extension plane thereof within the light bundle that exits the variable focal length system.

Claims (15)

A stereo microscope comprising: an optical lens system ( 2 ); an optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ); and an optical lens barrel system, wherein an optical axis of the optical lens system is optically aligned with that of the optical system with variable focal length, the microscope having at least one imaging point, the optical lens barrel system blinding a pair of right and left apertures ( 25 , 43 L), has an imaging lens component ( 44 R, L) and eyepieces ( 21 , 51 L, 51 R), with right and left optical viewing axes through the right and left aperture diaphragms ( 25 , 43 L) passing through locations that differ from an optical one Distinguish the axis of the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ),
wherein the microscope has at least two beam splitter elements ( 22 ) which divide a light bundle ( 57 ) emerging from the optical system with a variable focal length ( 7 ) into a passing light bundle and reflected light bundles, and wherein a section plane between a beam splitter surface ( 22 L (R) ) of a beam splitter element ( 22 L) of the beam splitter elements or an extension plane thereof and a beam splitter surface ( 22 R (R)) of the other beam splitter element ( 22 R) or an extension plane thereof lies within a light bundle which results from the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ) exit. 2. A stereo microscope comprising: an optical lens system ( 2 ), an optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ); and an optical lens barrel system, wherein an optical axis of the optical objective system ( 2 ) is optically aligned with that of the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ), the microscope having at least one imaging point, the optical lens barrel system being right and left aperture diaphragms ( 25 , 43 L), an imaging lens component ( 44 R, L) as well as eyepieces ( 21 , 51 L, 51 R), with certain right and left optical viewing axes passing through the right and left aperture diaphragms through locations that differ from the optical axis of the optical System differing focal length ( 7 ),
wherein the stereo microscope has a stereo image recording system, and wherein the stereo image recorded by the stereo image recording system corresponds to a viewer image generated by the optical lens barrel system. A stereomicroscope comprising: an optical lens system ( 2 ), an optical system with a variable focal length ( 7 ); and an optical lens barrel system, wherein an optical axis of the optical lens system is optically aligned with that of the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ), the microscope having at least one imaging point, the optical lens barrel system being a pair of right and left aperture diaphragms ( 25 , 43 L ), an imaging lens component ( 44 R, L) and eyepieces ( 51 L, 51 R), right and left optical viewing axes passing through locations that differ from an optical axis of the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ) ,
the stereomicroscope having a stereo imaging system ( 62 , 63 ) having a pair of optical paths that form a first optical path and a second optical path, the stereo imaging system having an optical imaging system that images a light beam once, and an aperture stop of the stereoscopic optical system approximates with the aperture diaphragm ( 25 , 43 L) of the optical lens barrel system. 4. Stereo microscope according to claim 2, characterized in that an image recording direction of the stereo image recording system is changed together with a modification of a viewing direction of the optical system with a variable focal length ( 7 ). 5. Stereo microscope according to claim 4, characterized in that the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ) has a focal point system variable focal length and at least one single-cycle transmission lens system ( 10 ), wherein between the focal point system variable focal length ( 7 ) and Single cycle transmission lens system ( 10 ) a further beam splitter element is arranged, and wherein at least one stereo recording system is arranged in a light beam divided by the further beam splitter element. 6. Stereomicroscope according to claim 5, characterized in that the microscope has a first image recording system which is arranged in a light beam emerging from the single-cycle transmission lens system ( 10 ) and has a further image recording system, and wherein an image recording device is used jointly as the image recording device , wherein the image recording device is arranged in the light beam divided by the beam splitter element and has the optical recording system. 7. Stereo microscope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a boundary between the beam splitter surface ( 22 L (R)) of a beam splitter element ( 22 L) or an extension plane thereof and the beam splitter surface ( 22 R (R)) of the other beam splitter element ( 22 R) or an extension plane thereof intersects the optical axis ( 69 ) of the optical system with variable focal length ( 7 ). 8. Stereomicroscope according to claim 7, characterized in that the microscope image rotator ( 29 ), which are arranged in the light beams, which are each divided by the beam splitter elements ( 22 L, 22 R), and wherein the image rotator together one by the right and left aperture diaphragms use defined optical viewing axis. 9. Stereo microscope according to claim 3, characterized in that the Microscope has optical imaging systems in the first optical path and the second optical path are arranged, the two optical imaging systems being the same lenses have components (have the same structure) and where stereoscopic optical system has reflection elements that Directions and magnifications of the images in accordance bring. 10. Stereo microscope according to claim 9, characterized in that a lens component between a pixel and an opening is arranged between a mapping point in the Stereo imaging system and an image area or imaging plane is formed so that the image recording system is telecentric is. 11. Stereo microscope according to claim 10, characterized in that the microscope is designed so that it switches from Reflections of a beam of light in the stereo imaging system allowed between an odd number and an even number. 12. Stereomicroscope according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that that in each path of the first optical path and the second optical path at least two reflection surfaces are arranged and wherein a first optical axis is one of one of the optical  Path of falling light bundle parallel to a second optical one Axis of a light emerging from the other reflection surface is bundled. 13. Stereomicroscope according to claim 12, characterized in that a first plane that is the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the first optical path or the first optical axis contains a second plane that is the first optical Axis and the second optical axis in the second optical path contains, cuts. 14. Stereo microscope according to claim 13, characterized in that the first plane orthogonally intersects the second plane. 15. A stereomicroscope according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the microscope has a plurality of reflection elements ( 22 L (R), 22 R (R)) which a light beam from the optical system with a variable focal length ( 7 ) split into a continuous light beam and reflected light beams, the optical lens barrel system being connected to one of the light beams divided by the beam splitter elements and the stereo image recording system being connected to the other of the light beams split by the beam splitter elements.