JPH11169701A - Granulating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform mounting and removing of a granulating roller in a short time and easily. SOLUTION: A compression roller 4 whose axial center is horizontally arranged, a granulating roller 3 which has inward flanges 3a on both ends of the inner diameter side and is a ring-like shape with a size through which the compression roller 4 and a material feeding means can be inserted from the opening part of the inward flange 3a and has a number of through holes 3c on the inner peripheral face being made as a pressing face of the compression roller 4 and a pair of receiving rollers 5 which place the outer peripheral underside 3d of the granulating roller 3 by arranging each axial center in the same direction as the axial center of the compression roller 4, are arranged. In addition, a pair of the receiving rollers 5 are supported by a positioning means which is movably fitted from a pressing position for making the compression roller 4 under pressed condition on the inner peripheral face 3d of the granulating roller 3 to an opening position where the granulating roller 3 becomes removable in the axial center direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a granulator for processing raw materials such as feed and fertilizer into pellets.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Pellet fertilizers and feeds have been used frequently recently because they have beautiful appearance, are convenient to handle, and have excellent moisture-proof, dry-proof and odor-proof properties. , Manufactured by an extrusion-type granulator.

For example, a conventional granulating machine includes a granulating roller having a ring shape having a large number of through holes on its peripheral surface and having inward flanges at both end edges, and an inward flange of the granulating roller. A drive unit having a flange for fastening the unit with a bolt, and in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the granulation roller in a pressed state at a linear opposing position passing through the rotation center of the granulation roller, the rotation of the granulation roller 2. Description of the Related Art There has been known a configuration including a pair of compression rollers that rotate with the pressure and a pressing force adjustment device that adjusts the pressing force of the compression roller.

[0004] In this granulator, raw materials are charged on the side of the granulating roller and the compression roller, which are both rotating in a pressed state, to come into contact with each other. By continuously pressing into the through-hole, the granule roller is pressed out of the through-hole in a noodle string shape outside, and cut into a predetermined length by a cutter provided near the outer peripheral edge of the granulation roller to form a pellet. It is to be formed.
Incidentally, in the method in which the granulating roller is flange-joined to a driving portion, a pair of granulating rollers are axially supported in a state where their outer peripheral surfaces are pressed against each other, and the outer peripheral surfaces of the There is also a device in which a raw material in the shape of a noodle string is extruded into a granulating roller by charging the raw material therebetween.

Further, as another granulator, a horizontally arranged disk having a large number of through holes, a drive shaft vertically provided at the center of the disk and one of which is connected to a drive motor, and a drive shaft perpendicular to the drive shaft are provided. It is known that the drive shaft is rotatably supported by a plurality of support shafts having one ends fixed to the drive shaft, and has a lower surface formed of a compression roller which abuts on the disk in a pressed state.

[0006] In this granulator, the compression roller rolls on a circular orbit on a disk by the rotation of the drive shaft, and the raw material supplied on the disk is pressed by the compression roller. The noodle strings are pressed out from the through hole of the disk toward the lower surface of the disk and cut into a predetermined length by a cutter provided at the lower part of the disk to form a pellet.

[0007]

As described above, in a structure in which the rollers are pressed against each other, and the pressing force is used to press the raw material into a noodle string shape, the raw material is clogged into the through-hole, and the outer peripheral surface of the roller is clogged. Wear is inevitable, so that maintenance and inspection such as cleaning and replacement of parts after work or after a certain period of time are indispensable. However, in the former conventional granulator, in the former case, when it is necessary to replace the granulation roller due to clogging of the granulation roller, wear of the outer peripheral surface, or the like, the granulation roller is turned inward. Because the flange is fastened to the drive unit side flange with a large number of bolts, the mounting and dismounting of the bolts must be performed inside the granulating roller, which makes the removal and installation work cumbersome and difficult. Therefore, there is a problem that the work requires a long time. Further, in the case of using a pair of compression rollers, the number of rotations is increased because the diameter of the compression rollers is necessarily small, and as a result, the pellet temperature during granulation is as high as 70 to 80 ° C. In addition, there is a disadvantage that bacteria that promote fermentation are easily killed, and the pressing force adjusting device of the compression roller requires a complicated structure that performs relative movement such as separating and approaching when pressing and releasing. There was a problem that it became cost.

[0008] In the latter case, when the disc is replaced, the drive shaft on the upper portion of the disc must also be removed. Therefore, such a structure requires a long time for the replacement. was there.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a conventional problem, and an object of the present invention is to remove and attach a granulating roller when it is necessary to clean or replace the granulating roller due to clogging or abrasion. Is to provide a granulator capable of easily and in a short time.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a granulating means for processing a raw material into pellets, and a means for supplying the raw material to the granulating means. In the granulator, the granulating means includes a compression roller connected to a driving means and having a horizontal axis disposed therein; and an inward flange at both ends on an inner diameter side, the compression roller and a material supply means being connected to each other. A ring is formed in a size large enough to be inserted from the opening of the orientation flange, and the inner peripheral surface is a pressing surface of the compression roller, and a number of through holes are provided from the inner peripheral surface to the outer peripheral surface. A formed granulation roller; and a pair of receiving rollers which are arranged so that their respective axes are in the same direction as the axis of the compression roller, and are mounted so as to support both sides of the outer peripheral lower surface of the granulation roller. , The pair of receiving rollers, the granulating roller Granulation roller from the pressing position to the compression rollers on the inner peripheral surface of La and pressing state has a configuration that is pivotally supported on the positioning means movable to an open position where the detachable axially.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the granulator according to the first aspect, the positioning means has a screw shaft erected at a symmetrical position with respect to the compression roller as a center, and both ends of the screw shaft are mounted on the machine frame side. A positioning portion rotatably supported by a member and having an adjustment handle fixed to one end thereof, and a frame disposed below the compression roller, both ends of which are screwed up and down on the screw shaft so as to be vertically movable. Further, the frame is formed by an elevating part which pivotally supports the receiving roller at a symmetrical position with respect to the center of the frame below the axis of the compression roller.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the granulator according to the first or second aspect, the pair of receiving rollers include a flange provided at both ends and both end edges of an outer peripheral surface of the granulating roller. And a gauge part that determines the length of the pellet by providing a gap between the contact part that presses the granulation roller and presses the granulation roller, and that has a smaller diameter than the corresponding contact part and that provides a gap between the outer periphery of the granulation roller. Configuration.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a procedure for mounting a granulating roller in a granulating section of a granulator A according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view showing a configuration of the granulator A according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a front view of the granulating unit.
In the present embodiment, a description will be given of a case where compost, fertilizer, and livestock manure are mixed, fermented, and sieved, and the raw material having a water content of about 20% to 50% is formed into pellets.

The granulator A of this embodiment comprises a hopper 1 as a material supply means, a fixed amount feeding screw 2, a granulation roller 3, a compression roller 4, and a receiving roller 5 as granulation means. And

First, the supply means will be described. 1 in the figure
Is a hopper, 2 is a fixed amount feeding screw, and 21 is a supply motor. The fixed-rate feed screw 2 is for supplying the raw material supplied to the hopper 1 to the granulating means, and is formed of a screw main body connected to a supply motor 21 and a cylindrical casing. The rear end of the hopper 1 communicates with the lower opening of the hopper 1, and the front end of the hopper 1 is inserted into a casing extending outside of the hopper 1, and extends upward from a compression roller 4 described later. It is protruding. The feed amount of the raw material supplied to the granulating means is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the supply motor 21.

Next, the granulating means will be described. In the figure, 3 is a granulation roller, 4 is a compression roller, and 5 is a receiving roller.
The granulating roller 3 is for forming the raw material supplied from the fixed amount feeding screw 2 into a noodle string shape,
An inward flange 3a for preventing the raw material from spilling out during granulation is provided at both ends on the inner diameter side, and the opening of the inward flange has a margin with the fixed amount feed screw 2 and a compression roller 4 described later. It is formed in a ring shape having a size that can be inserted. The granulating roller 3 has a large number of through-holes 3c formed on an inner peripheral surface 3b except for an inward flange portion thereof, the opening 3c opening toward an outer peripheral surface 3d. The front opening of the granulating roller 3 is closed by a cover (not shown) for preventing the fertilizer from spilling and for safety. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 7 denotes a chute for taking out a product, and arrows indicate flows of raw materials and products (pellets).

The compression roller 4 abuts against the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 to rotate the granulation roller and presses the raw material into the through hole 3c of the granulation roller 3. The roller width has substantially the same width as the width of the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulating roller. The outer peripheral surface is provided with a large number of hemispherical grooves for preventing slippage during rotation. And it is supported so that it may protrude into the inside formed in the front box shape of the machine frame 6. It is to be noted that only one compression roller 4 is provided, and the diameter of the compression roller 4 is approximately one of the inscribed circle diameter with the granulation roller 3.
/ 2 is formed to have a large diameter.
Also, a drive shaft 41 provided integrally with the compression roller 4
Is connected to a granulating motor section 42 via a speed reducer section 43 arranged on the rear side of the machine frame 6.

The set of receiving rollers 5 circumscribes the granulating roller 3 and pushes it upward to abut against the compressing roller 4 , and further presses the inner peripheral surface 3 b of the granulating roller 3. The roller 4 is pressed to transmit the driving force of the compression roller 4 to the granulation roller 3 in the pressed state to perform a granulation operation. It has a contact portion 5b arranged on both sides of 5a and provided with a larger diameter than the gauge portion 5a, and a flange portion 5c arranged on both outer sides of the contact portion 5b.

The contact portion 5b of the receiving roller 5 is a portion that contacts the edge of the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3 at its outer peripheral surface, and the gauge portion 5a is connected to the contact portion 5b.
Is formed to have a diameter that sets a gap 5d that determines the length of the pellet between itself and the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulation roller 3 when it contacts the granulation roller 3. And this gauge part 5
The length between both ends of the contact portions 5b arranged at both ends of the a is formed so as to be substantially the same as the width of the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3.

The pair of receiving rollers 5 are horizontally arranged below the compression rollers 4 in a frame 51 to be described later and at symmetrical positions about the compression rollers 4.

Next, positioning means for horizontally positioning the receiving roller 5, positioning the granulating roller 3 at a granulation position, and moving the receiving roller 5 up and down when the granulating roller 3 is attached and detached. explain. The positioning means includes a frame 51 disposed inside the front box shape of the machine frame 6, an elevating support piece 52 having a female screw portion at one end, and the left and right outer sides of the machine frame 6 and substantially the compression rollers 4. A pair of bearing portions 53 arranged in a pair of upper and lower portions at positions traversing the upper and lower portions, a screw shaft 54 having both ends supported by the bearing portion 53 in a state in which the female screw portion of the elevating support piece 52 is screwed, and arranged vertically. A handle 55 fixed to the upper end of the screw shaft 54 is provided.

The frame 51 has an open upper end to sufficiently cover the outer diameter of the granulating roller 3 and is formed in a box shape having a size capable of ascending and descending inside the front box shape of the machine frame 6. It is connected to the elevating support piece 52 through a long hole 6a formed in the left and right side surfaces of the machine frame 6 in a vertically long manner. In the drawing, reference numeral 52a denotes a connecting bolt, and 52b denotes a sliding base for the machine frame 6. The tightening of the bolt 52a firmly fixes the frame 51 after setting the granulation position.

The frame 51 is provided with the compression roller 4
The receiving rollers 5 are rotatably supported at positions symmetrical with respect to the compression roller 4 in the left-right direction.

Next, a method of mounting the granulating roller 3 will be described. First, the bolts 52a are loosened, and then the handle 55 is manually rotated to one side to lower the frame 51 as shown in FIG. In this state, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the compression roller 4 and the fixed amount feeding screw 2 are inserted from the opening of the inward flange 3a of the granulation roller 3 so that the granulation roller 3 Contact part 5a of two positioning rollers 5
Place on top.

Next, the frame 51 is raised by rotating the handle 55 to the other side. The granulation roller 3 is supported by the receiving roller 5 and rises while maintaining the direction. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner peripheral surface 3 b of the granulation roller 3 is brought into contact with the compression roller 4 at a predetermined position. Inscribe. By further tightening by a certain amount, the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 is pressed against the compression roller 4 with an optimum pressure. After applying the optimum pressing force, the bolt 52a is tightened, and the frame 51 is firmly fixed to the machine frame 6. By doing so, the screw shaft 54
Can be prevented from being subjected to excessive external force. Thus, the mounting of the granulating roller 3 is completed. When the granulating roller 3 is set as described above, the granulating roller 3
, The compression roller 4 and the receiving roller 5 are in contact with each other on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces or the outer peripheral surfaces so that their axial directions are parallel to each other and their contact resistance is large. Even without them, the three members are integrally connected and rotatable. The outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3 and the receiving roller 5
A gap 5d is formed between the gauge portions 5a, which is the difference in radius between the contact portion 5b and the gauge portion 5a.

Next, a method for removing the granulating roller 3 will be described. The removal of the granulation roller 3 can be basically performed by reversing the mounting method of the granulation roller 3 in this case. In this case, first, the bolt 52a that fastens the frame 51 to the machine frame 6 is removed. Let loose. Next, the handle 55 is rotated to one side to lower the frame 51. The granulating roller 3 descends in accordance with the frame 51 while being placed on the receiving roller 5, so that the compression roller 4 is disengaged from the inward flange 3a of the granulation roller 3, and the compression roller 4 is compressed with the opening edge of the inward flange 3a. It is preferable to lower the roller 4 until a gap is formed between the lower end of the roller 4 and the height of the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller 5. In this state, the granulation roller 3 can be removed by lifting the granulation roller 3 until the lower end thereof is disengaged from the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller, and then pulling the granulation roller 3 in the axial direction. still,
Even if a certain amount of gap does not completely occur between the opening edge and the lower end of the compression roller 4 by the height of the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller, the granulating roller 3 is inclined. It is also possible to take in the direction.

Next, the granulating action will be described. Granulation roller 3
Is set as described above, and when the granulation motor unit 42 is started, the compression roller 4 rotates the granulation roller 3 with its large contact resistance via the reduction unit 43. Further, the feed motor 21 causes the fixed amount feed screw 2 to feed the raw material in the hopper 1 to the tip side and supply it to the inside of the granulating roller 3. In the inside of the granulating roller 3, the raw material is pressed into the noodle string through the through hole 3c by biting and pressing the raw material at the contact start side between the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulating roller 3 and the compression roller 4. And is pushed out to the outer peripheral surface 3d side. On the outer peripheral surface 3d side of the granulation roller 3, when the raw material extruded in a noodle string shape exceeds the length of the gap 5d, the raw material comes into contact with the gauge portion 5a and is successively folded to produce pellets. .

As described above, in the granulator A of the present embodiment, the mounting and dismounting of the granulating roller 3 can be performed extremely simply by raising and lowering the receiving roller 5 with the screw shaft 54. Even if there is no support shaft, the granulating roller 3 can be automatically centriped and arranged at an optimum position only by applying a pressing force after setting. Even if the granulating roller 3 and the compression roller 4 are worn, an optimum pressing force can always be obtained. Further, the pressing force can be easily changed at any time. Since the granulation roller 3 does not need to be flange-joined, the processing can be easily performed. Since the pressing operation of the granulation roller 3 against the compression roller 4 can be performed at a position away from the granulation portion, the structure of the granulation portion is simplified, and a safe operation can be performed. Since the compression roller 4 has a large diameter that is approximately の of the diameter of the inscribed circle with the granulation roller 3, the pressing of the raw material is performed smoothly,
Also, granulation efficiency is good even at low speed rotation. In addition, the pellet temperature during granulation is also suppressed to a maximum of about 50 ° C., so that bacteria capable of accelerating fermentation and forming a mature fertilizer can be produced while remaining in the pellet.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like within a range not departing from the gist of the invention. This is also included in the present invention.

For example, instead of the screw shaft 54, a fluid cylinder or the like can be used.

A take-out jig which is engaged with and holds the granulation roller 3 whose pressure has been loosened is provided rotatably on the machine frame side, is housed in the machine frame side during granulation, and granulates when attaching and detaching. It can also be used by rotating to the roller side.

In the present embodiment, the material of the granulating roller 3 is not particularly limited. However, in addition to ordinary carbon steel for mechanical structure, chromium steel, nickel chrome steel, chromium molybdenum steel, and other alloy steels are used. And the like. The same applies to the compression roller 4 and the receiving roller 5.

It is assumed that the raw material extruded in the shape of a noodle from the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3 contacts the gauge portion 5a when the length exceeds the length of the gap 5d, and is successively cut off.
A cutter or scraper is protruded from the machine frame side, and the extruded raw material is scraped off by the cutter or scraper, or the distance between the cutter or scraper and the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3 is adjusted so that the pellet length can be adjusted. It can also be adjusted.

Although the compression roller 4 is provided with a hemispherical groove for preventing slippage, it may be formed in a streak shape, a checkerboard shape, or may not be provided.

[0035]

As described above, the granulator according to the first aspect of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, so that it is troublesome to tighten bolts when attaching and detaching the granulation roller as in the conventional granulator. Since there is no need to perform an operation and the position of the granulation roller is easily determined, the attachment and detachment and adjustment of the granulation roller can be easily performed in a short time. Further, for this reason, it is possible to shorten the time spent for the replacement operation of the granulating roller, and thus it is possible to obtain an effect that the operating time of the granulator can be increased and the productivity can be improved. By arranging one compression roller with a large diameter and reducing the rotation speed to granulate, it can be produced at a low temperature at which the bacteria that promote fermentation can survive, and thus produce pellets that become a mature fertilizer. The effect is obtained.

[0036] In the granulator according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the above configuration is adopted, the mounting and dismounting of the granulating roller can be easily performed in a short time. Further, the pressing force of the granulating roller against the compression roller can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary size. In addition, since the structure is simple, effects such as reduction in manufacturing cost can be obtained.

In the granulator according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the above configuration is adopted, it is possible to cut the noodle-shaped raw material extruded from the granulation roller into pellets without using a tool such as a cutter. Therefore, the structure is simplified, and a safe operation can be performed when replacing the granulating roller. Further, by adjusting the diameter difference between the abutment portion and the gauge portion of the receiving roller, it is possible to obtain an effect such that the length of the pellet can be arbitrarily set.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a procedure for mounting a granulating roller in a granulating section of a granulator A according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a configuration of a granulator A according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a granulating unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Granulator 1 Hopper 2 Fixed feed screw 3 Granulating roller 3a Inward flange 3b Inner peripheral surface 3c Through hole 3d Outer peripheral surface 4 Compression roller 5 Receiving roller 5a Gauge part 5b Contact part 5c Flange part 5d Gap 6 Machine frame 51 Frame 52 Lifting support piece 53 Bearing 54 Screw shaft 55 Handle

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A granulator comprising: granulating means for processing raw materials into pellets; and means for supplying raw materials to the granulating means, wherein the granulating means is connected to a driving means and has an axial center. A horizontally arranged compression roller; formed in a ring shape having an inward flange at both ends on the inner diameter side and having a size large enough to allow the compression roller and material supply means to be inserted from an opening portion of the inward flange. A granulating roller having an inner peripheral surface formed as a pressing surface of the compression roller and having a large number of through holes extending from the inner peripheral surface to the outer peripheral surface; A pair of receiving rollers arranged in the same direction and placed so as to support both sides of the outer peripheral lower surface of the granulating roller;
The pair of receiving rollers are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the granulating roller so as to be movable from a pressing position where the compressing roller is pressed to an open position where the granulating roller is detachable in the axial direction. A granulator supported by a positioning means. The positioning means has a screw shaft erected at a symmetrical position with respect to the compression roller as a center, and both ends thereof are rotatably supported by a machine frame side bearing member and adjusted to one end respectively. And a frame disposed below the compression roller, with both ends screwed up and down on the screw shaft so as to be able to move up and down. 2. The granulator according to claim 1, wherein the granulator is formed by a lifting portion which pivotally supports the receiving roller at a symmetric position. 3. The pair of receiving rollers include: a flange portion provided at both ends; a contact portion that abuts both ends of an outer peripheral surface of the granulation roller to press the granulation roller; The granulator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the granulator is formed with a gauge portion having a small diameter and providing a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the granulating roller and the length of the pellet.