JP3967442B2 - Granulator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granulator that processes raw materials such as feed and fertilizer into pellets.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fertilizers and feeds in the form of pellets are frequently used recently because they are beautiful in appearance and convenient to handle, and are excellent in moisture, dry, and deodorization properties. Manufactured by a granulator.
[0003]
For example, as a conventional granulator, a granulation roller having a ring shape and a large number of through-holes on the peripheral surface and having inward flanges at both end edges, and an inward flange portion of the granulation roller are bolted A driving portion having a flange for fastening, and a linearly opposed position passing through the rotation center of the granulation roller, inscribed in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the granulation roller in a pressed state, and rotated along with the rotation of the granulation roller There is known a configuration including a pair of compression rollers and a pressing force adjusting device for adjusting the pressing force of the compression roller.
[0004]
In this granulator, a raw material is introduced into the side where the granulation roller and the compression roller, which are rotating in a pressed state, are about to come into contact with each other, and the charged raw material is put into the through hole of the granulation roller by the compression roller. By pressing continuously, noodle strings are pressed out from the through-holes of the granulation roller, and cut into a predetermined length by a cutter provided near the outer periphery of the granulation roller to form pellets It is a thing.
In addition, in the type in which the granulation roller is flange-bonded to the drive unit, the pair of granulation rollers are pivotally supported so that the outer peripheral surfaces are pressed against each other, and the outer peripheral surfaces of the granulation rollers are There is also a type in which raw materials in the form of noodles are pressed into a granulation roller by inserting raw materials between them.
[0005]
Further, as another granulator, a horizontally arranged disk having a large number of through holes, a drive shaft suspended at the center of the disk and connected to a drive motor, and a drive shaft orthogonal to the drive shaft. There is known one that is rotatably supported by a plurality of support shafts having one ends fixed to each other, and that a lower surface is constituted by a compression roller that abuts the disk in a pressed state.
[0006]
In this granulator, when the drive shaft rotates, the compression roller rolls on a circular track on the disk, and the compression roller presses the raw material supplied on the disk, so that the disk The noodle strings are pressed from the through hole to the lower surface of the disk and cut into a predetermined length by a cutter provided at the lower part of the disk to form a pellet.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the structure in which the rollers are pressed together as described above and the raw material is pressed out in the form of noodles with the pressing force, clogging of the raw material through the through holes and wear on the outer peripheral surface of the roller are inevitable. Therefore, maintenance and inspection such as cleaning and replacement of parts after work and after a certain period of time are indispensable.
However, among the conventional granulators described above, in the former, when it is necessary to replace the granulation roller due to clogging of the granulation roller or wear of the outer peripheral surface, the granulation roller is inward Since the flange is fastened to the flange on the drive unit side with a large number of bolts, the bolts must be attached and detached inside the granulation roller, which makes the work of removal and attachment cumbersome and difficult. In addition, there is a problem that the work has a long time. Further, in the case of using a pair of compression rollers, the diameter of the compression roller is inevitably small, so the number of rotations is increased. As a result, the pellet temperature during granulation is as high as 70 to 80 ° C. Bacteria that promote fermentation tend to be killed, and the pressing force adjustment device of the compression roller requires a complicated structure that moves relative to and separates when pressing and releasing. There was a problem of cost.
[0008]
In the latter case, when the disk is exchanged, the drive shaft on the upper part of the disk must be removed, so that such a structure also has a problem that the exchange work takes a long time. .
[0009]
The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems, and its object is to easily attach and detach the granulation roller when it is necessary to clean or replace it due to clogging or wear. Another object of the present invention is to provide a granulator capable of performing in a short time.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1, in the granulator comprising a granulating means for processing the raw material into a pellet and a means for supplying the raw material to the granulating means, the granulating means Has a compression roller connected to the driving means and whose axis is horizontally arranged; and has inward flanges at both ends on the inner diameter side so that the compression roller and the material supply means can be inserted from the opening portion of the inward flange. A granulation roller formed in a ring shape having a size and having an inner peripheral surface as a pressing surface of the compression roller and a plurality of through holes from the inner peripheral surface toward the outer peripheral surface; A pair of receiving rollers arranged in the same direction as the axis of the compression roller and supported so as to support both sides of the outer peripheral lower surface of the granulation roller; and the pair of receiving rollers, The compression roller on the inner peripheral surface of the granulation roller Granulation roller from pressing position to the pressing state is a configuration that is pivotally supported on the positioning means movable to an open position where the detachable axially.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the granulator according to the first aspect, the positioning means includes a screw shaft erected at a bilaterally symmetrical position around the compression roller, and both ends thereof are rotated by a machine frame side bearing member. A positioning portion that is pivotally supported and has an adjustment handle fixed to one end thereof, and a frame disposed at a position below the compression roller is screwed up and down on both ends of the screw shaft so that the frame can be moved up and down. And a lifting portion that pivotally supports the receiving roller at a bilaterally symmetrical position centered on the lower side of the axial center of the compression roller.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the granulator according to the first or second aspect, the pair of receiving rollers are in contact with flange portions provided at both ends and both edges of the outer peripheral surface of the granulating roller. The contact portion that presses the granulation roller and the gauge portion that is formed with a smaller diameter than the corresponding contact portion and that provides a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the granulation roller and determines the length of the pellet. It was.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a procedure for mounting a granulation roller in a granulation section of a granulator A according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view showing a configuration of the granulator A according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a front view of the granulation part.
In this embodiment, compost, fertilizer, and livestock excrement are mixed, fermented, and sieved to a raw material having a moisture content of about 20% to 50%.
[0014]
The granulator A of the present embodiment is mainly composed of a hopper 1 which is a material supply means, a fixed amount feed screw 2, a granulation roller 3 which is a granulation means, a compression roller 4 and a receiving roller 5.
[0015]
First, the supply means will be described. In the figure, 1 is a hopper, 2 is a constant feed screw, and 21 is a supply motor.
The fixed amount feed screw 2 is for supplying the raw material charged into the hopper 1 to the granulating means, and is formed of a screw body connected to a supply motor 21 and a cylindrical casing, and the screw body The rear end of the hopper 1 communicates with the lower opening of the hopper 1, and the front end of the hopper 1 is inserted into a casing extending outward from the hopper 1, and the upper end of the compression roller 4 described later. It is protruding. The feed amount of the raw material supplied to the granulating means is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the supply motor 21.
[0016]
Next, the granulating means will be described. In the figure, 3 is a granulating roller, 4 is a compression roller, and 5 is a receiving roller.
The granulation roller 3 is for forming the raw material supplied from the fixed amount feed screw 2 into a noodle string shape, and has an inward flange 3a for preventing the raw material from spilling during granulation. The opening portion of the inward flange is formed in a ring shape having such a size that the fixed amount feed screw 2 and a compression roller 4 described later can be inserted with a margin.
The granulation roller 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes 3c opened toward the outer peripheral surface 3d on the inner peripheral surface 3b excluding the inward flange portion.
The front opening of the granulation roller 3 is blocked by a cover (not shown) for safety while preventing the fertilizer from spilling out. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 7 denotes a product takeout chute, and arrows indicate the flow of raw materials and products (pellets).
[0017]
The compression roller 4 abuts on the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 to rotate the granulation roller and press the raw material into the through hole 3c of the granulation roller 3. The roller width is substantially the same as the width of the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller. A large number of hemispherical grooves are provided on the outer peripheral surface to prevent slipping during rotation. And it is pivotally supported so that it may protrude inside the box shape of the front side of the machine frame 6. Note that only one compression roller 4 is provided. For this reason, the diameter of the compression roller 4 is formed to have a large diameter that is approximately ½ of the inscribed circle diameter with the granulation roller 3.
The drive shaft 41 provided integrally with the compression roller 4 is connected to the granulation motor unit 42 via a reduction gear unit 43 disposed on the rear side of the machine frame 6.
[0018]
The receiving roller 5 circumscribes the granulation roller 3 as a set, pushes it upward to contact the compression roller 4 , and further presses the inner peripheral surface 3 b of the granulation roller 3 to the compression roller 4. In order to perform the granulation action by transmitting the driving force of the compression roller 4 to the granulation roller 3 in the pressed state, the gauge portion 5a having the minimum diameter and both sides of the gauge portion 5a The contact portion 5b is provided with a diameter larger than that of the gauge portion 5a, and the flange portion 5c is provided on both outer sides of the contact portion 5b.
[0019]
The contact portion 5b of the receiving roller 5 is a portion that contacts the edge of the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulation roller 3 at its outer peripheral surface, and the contact portion 5b of the gauge portion 5a is the granulation roller. A gap 5d that determines the length of the pellet is formed between the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulation roller 3 and the diameter of the granule roller 3 when it is in contact with the diameter 3. And the length between the both ends of the contact part 5b arrange | positioned at the both ends of this gauge part 5a is formed so that it may become substantially the same as the width | variety of the outer peripheral surface 3d of the said granulation roller 3. FIG.
[0020]
The set of receiving rollers 5 is horizontally arranged below the compression roller 4 and at a symmetrical position about the compression roller 4 in a frame 51 described later.
[0021]
Next, a description will be given of positioning means for horizontally positioning the receiving roller 5, positioning the granulating roller 3 to the granulating position, and raising and lowering the receiving roller 5 when the granulating roller 3 is attached and detached.
The positioning means includes a frame 51 disposed inside the box on the front side of the machine frame 6, an elevating support piece 52 having an internal thread at one end, and the compression roller 4 on the left and right outer sides of the machine frame 6. A pair of upper and lower bearing portions 53 disposed at positions crossing each other, a screw shaft 54 supported at both ends by the bearing portion 53 in a state where the female screw portion of the lifting support piece 52 is screwed, A handle 55 fixed to the upper end of the screw shaft 54 is provided.
[0022]
The frame 51 is formed in a box shape having an opening at the upper end to sufficiently cover the outer diameter of the granulation roller 3 and capable of moving up and down inside the box shape on the front side of the machine frame 6. The elevating support piece 52 is connected to the left and right side surfaces of the frame 6 through a long hole 6a that is formed vertically. In the figure, 52a is a connecting bolt, 52b is a sliding base to the machine frame 6, and the frame 51 after setting the granulation position is firmly fixed by tightening the bolt 52a.
[0023]
The frame 51 pivotally supports the receiving roller 5 at positions parallel to the compression roller 4 and symmetrical with respect to the compression roller 4.
[0024]
Next, a method for mounting the granulation roller 3 will be described.
First, after the bolts 52a are loosened, the handle 55 is rotated manually by rotating it to one side, thereby lowering the frame 51 as shown in FIG. In this state, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the compression roller 4 and the metering feed screw 2 are inserted from the opening portion of the inward flange 3a of the granulation roller 3 so that the granulation roller 3 is moved to the left and right. The two positioning rollers 5 are placed on the contact portions 5a.
[0025]
Next, the frame 51 is raised by rotating the handle 55 to the other side. The granulation roller 3 is supported by the receiving roller 5 and rises while maintaining the directionality. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 is placed on the compression roller 4 at a predetermined position. Inscribed. By further tightening by a certain amount, the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 is pressed against the compression roller 4 with an optimum pressure.
After the optimum pressing force is applied, the bolt 52a is tightened to firmly fix the frame 51 to the machine frame 6. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the screw shaft 54 from being subjected to an excessive external force.
Thus, the mounting of the granulation roller 3 is completed.
When the granulation roller 3 is set as described above, the granulation roller 3, the compression roller 4, and the receiving roller 5 are both in contact with the inner and outer peripheral surfaces or the outer peripheral surfaces and the axial center direction is parallel, Since the contact resistance is large, even if the granulation roller 3 is not supported by the shaft, the three members can be integrally rotated. In addition, a gap 5d is formed between the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulation roller 3 and the gauge portion 5a of the receiving roller 5 by a difference in radius between the contact portion 5b and the gauge portion 5a.
[0026]
Next, a method for removing the granulation roller 3 will be described.
The removal of the granulation roller 3 is basically performed by reversing the mounting method of the granulation roller 3. In this case, the bolt 52 a that first fastens the frame 51 to the machine frame 6 is used. Loosen it. Next, the handle 55 is rotated to one side to lower the frame 51. Since the granulation roller 3 is lowered along with the frame 51 while being placed on the receiving roller 5, the compression roller 4 is disengaged from the inward flange 3a of the granulation roller 3, and is further compressed with the opening edge of the inward flange 3a. It may be lowered until a gap corresponding to the height of the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller 5 is formed between the lower end of the roller 4.
In this state, the granulation roller 3 can be detached by lifting the granulation roller 3 until its lower end is disengaged from the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller and then pulling it out in the axial direction.
The granulation roller 3 has a certain gap even if it does not completely create a gap corresponding to the height of the flange portion 5c of the receiving roller between the opening edge and the lower end of the compression roller 4. It is also possible to take it out diagonally.
[0027]
Next, the granulating action will be described.
When the granulation roller 3 is set as described above and the granulation motor unit 42 is started, the compression roller 4 rotates and drives the granulation roller 3 with its large contact resistance via the speed reduction unit 43. In addition, the fixed feed screw 2 feeds the raw material in the hopper 1 to the tip side by the supply motor 21 and supplies it to the inside of the granulation roller 3.
Inside the granulation roller 3, the raw material is noodle-like through the through hole 3c by biting and pressing the raw material on the side where the inner peripheral surface 3b of the granulation roller 3 and the compression roller 4 start to contact. And pushed to the outer peripheral surface 3d side.
On the outer peripheral surface 3d side of the granulation roller 3, when the raw material extruded in the form of noodle strings exceeds the length of the gap 5d, it comes into contact with the gauge portion 5a and is folded one after another to produce pellets. .
[0028]
As described above, in the granulator A of the present embodiment, the granulation roller 3 can be attached and detached very simply by raising and lowering the receiving roller 5 with the screw shaft 54.
Even if the granulation roller 3 does not have a support shaft, it can be automatically centered and placed at the optimum position simply by applying a pressing force after setting.
Even when the granulation roller 3 and the compression roller 4 are worn, the optimum pressing force can always be obtained. The pressing force can be easily changed at any time.
Since the granulating roller 3 does not need to be flange-joined, the processing can be easily performed.
Since the pressing operation of the granulation roller 3 against the compression roller 4 can be performed at a position away from the granulation part, the structure of the granulation part becomes simple and a safe operation can be performed.
Since the compression roller 4 has a large diameter that is approximately ½ of the diameter of the circle inscribed with the granulation roller 3, the raw material is pushed in smoothly, and the granulation efficiency is good even at a low speed. Moreover, the pellet temperature at the time of granulation is also suppressed to about 50 ° C. at maximum, and therefore, bacteria that promote fermentation and produce a fully fertilized fertilizer can be produced while remaining alive in the pellet.
[0029]
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the scope of the invention, Included in the invention.
[0030]
For example, instead of the screw shaft 54, a fluid cylinder or the like can be used.
[0031]
A take-out jig that engages and holds the granulated roller 3 that has been loosened is provided on the machine frame side so that it can rotate freely. It can also be used by rotating.
[0032]
In the present embodiment, the material of the granulation roller 3 is not particularly limited, but steel materials such as chrome steel, nickel chrome steel, chrome molybdenum steel, and other alloy steels in addition to normal carbon steel materials for machine structures. You may form using. The same applies to the compression roller 4 and the receiving roller 5.
[0033]
The raw material extruded in the form of noodle strings from the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulation roller 3 is said to come into contact with the gauge portion 5a when it exceeds the length of the gap 5d. Alternatively, the scraper is protruded and the extruded raw material is scraped off with the cutter or the scraper, or the distance between the cutter or the scraper and the outer peripheral surface 3d of the granulating roller 3 is adjustable to adjust the pellet length. It can also be.
[0034]
Although the compression roller 4 is provided with a hemispherical groove for preventing slipping, it may have a stripe shape, a grid shape, or may not be provided.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the granulator according to claim 1 of the present invention, since it has the above-described configuration, it is necessary to perform troublesome bolting work when attaching and detaching the granulation roller as in the conventional granulation apparatus. In addition, since the position of the granulation roller can be easily determined, the granulation roller can be easily attached and detached and adjusted in a short time.
In addition, because of this, it is possible to reduce the time taken for the replacement operation of the granulation roller, and therefore, it is possible to increase the operation time of the granulator and improve the productivity.
By placing one compression roller with a large diameter and granulating it at a low rotational speed, it can be produced at a low temperature so that bacteria that promote fermentation can survive, thus producing pellets that can be a mature fertilizer. The effect that it can do is acquired.
[0036]
In the granulator according to claim 2, since it is configured as described above, the granulation roller can be easily attached and detached in a short time.
Also, the pressing force of the granulation roller against the compression roller can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary size.
In addition, since the structure is simple, it is possible to obtain effects such as reduction in manufacturing cost.
[0037]
In the granulator according to claim 3, since it has the above-described configuration, the noodle-like raw material extruded from the granulation roller can be cut into pellets without using a tool such as a cutter. The structure is simple, and safety work can be performed when the granulation roller is replaced.
Moreover, the effect that the length of a pellet can be arbitrarily set is acquired by adjusting the diameter difference of the contact part of a receiving roller, and a gauge part.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a procedure for mounting a granulation roller in a granulation part of a granulator A according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing a configuration of a granulator A according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a granulation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
A Granulator 1 Hopper 2 Fixed feed screw 3 Granulating roller 3a Inward flange 3b Inner peripheral surface 3c Through hole 3d Outer peripheral surface 4 Compression roller 5 Receiving roller 5a Gauge portion 5b Abutting portion 5c Flange portion 5d Clearance 6 Machine frame 51 Frame 52 Lifting support piece 53 Bearing portion 54 Screw shaft 55 Handle

Claims (3)

In a granulator comprising a granulating means for processing raw materials into pellets, and means for supplying raw materials to the granulating means,
The granulating means includes a compression roller connected to the driving means and having a shaft center disposed horizontally; an inward flange at both inner diameter side ends, and the compression roller and the material supply means are connected to an opening portion of the inward flange. A granulation formed in a ring shape of a size that can be inserted from the inner surface and having an inner peripheral surface as a pressing surface of the compression roller and a plurality of through holes from the inner peripheral surface toward the outer peripheral surface A pair of receiving rollers, each of which has an axial center disposed in the same direction as the axial center of the compression roller and is placed so as to support both sides of the outer peripheral lower surface of the granulation roller;
The pair of receiving rollers are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the granulation roller so as to be movable from a pressing position where the compression roller is pressed to an open position where the granulation roller is detachable in the axial direction. A granulator characterized in that it is supported by a shaft. In the positioning means, a screw shaft is erected in a bilaterally symmetrical position with the compression roller as a center, and both ends thereof are pivotally supported by a machine frame side bearing member, and an adjustment handle is fixed to one end side. And a frame disposed at a position below the compression roller is screwed up and down on both ends of the screw shaft so that the frame can be moved up and down. 2. The granulator according to claim 1, wherein the granulator is formed by an elevating part that pivotally supports a roller. The pair of receiving rollers are formed to have a diameter smaller than the corresponding contact portion, flange portions provided at both ends, contact portions that contact the both edges of the outer peripheral surface of the granulation roller and press the granulation roller, and The granulator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gap is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the granulation roller and a gauge portion that determines the length of the pellet.

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