JPH11157967A - Siliceous fertilizer for nursery bed and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a siliceous fertilizer suitable for plant nursery beds by including as the main ingredient silica with its slurry at a specific pH value. SOLUTION: The siliceous fertilizer comprises as the main ingredient silica with its 5% slurry at pH 3.0-8.0. The pH value is pref. determined in accordance with the JIS K1150. In general, nursery beds of plants (e.g. gramineous plants such as rice, barley, lawn and bamboo grass) have been normally adjusted to pH 4.0-60. While a seliceous dirtilizer to be applied to nursery beds needs to not considerably fluctuate the pH value, the above-mentioned silica does not significantly affects the pH level of nursery beds, feeding plant seedlings with siliceous matter in high efficiency, thus leading to higher silieous content of the seedlings. The above-mentioned silica is pref. granular silica gel with a 10-mesh sieve-passable size (e.g. 0.1-2 mm) and bulk specific gravity of >=1.0. The amount of this feritilizer to be applied is 200-800 g per 3 kg soil of a nursery bed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a silicic acid fertilizer for nurseries and a method for growing a plant using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fertilizers for growing plants, especially grasses (rice, wheat, turf, bamboo grass, etc.) include, for example, lime fertilizer, magnesia fertilizer, silicate fertilizer, lime nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer, Potassium salts, lime superphosphate, complex fertilizers (N, P ₂ O ₅ ), ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium urate and the like are used.

It is known that rice and wheat absorb a large amount of silicon. About 80 for rice straw ash
%, Wheat ash contains about 70% SiO ₂ . When silicon is deficient in these gramineous plants, epithelial cells are not silicified, the stems are weakened and easily fall, and furthermore, they are susceptible to diseases such as potato disease.

[0004] Silicic acid was recognized as a fertilizer component in 1
In 955, by-products of the iron and steel and non-ferrous metal industries began to be used under the name of kerika fertilizer. These slags include CaO, MgO and the like. Many siliceous fertilizers consist of basic calcium silicate and magnesium silicate, and thus play a role in acid soil neutralization.

[0005]

By the way, pH of 4.0 to 6.0, especially 4.5 to 5.5 is suitable for growing rice in a nursery, and the commercially available cultivated soil has the pH range. However, conventional siliceous fertilizers cannot be used in nursery beds because they are made of basic calcium silicate or magnesium silicate and have a high pH. Was.

Also, when planting rice seedlings with a rice transplanter, if the stems of the seedlings are not firm to some extent, it is difficult to grasp them and it is difficult to plant them firmly.
The workability at the time of transplantation was not good. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a silicate fertilizer suitable for plant nurseries and to provide a method for applying the silicate fertilizer.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems, Embodiments of the Invention, and Effects of the Invention In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has set forth silica which has been mainly used as an adsorbent, as a silicate fertilizer for nurseries. When we investigated the possibility of the use of silicic acid, a conventional silicic acid fertilizer, in the nursery, the pH was too high to cause root rot of the seedlings. It has been found that silica can very effectively supply silicic acid to seedlings in the nursery.

That is, the silicate fertilizer of the present invention has a pH (5%
(Slurry) of 3.0 to 8.0 as a main component. The pH (5% slurry) is J
It is preferable to measure according to ISK1150 (1994). That is, about 10 g of a dry sample was accurately weighed, 200 cm ³ of purified water was added, and the lid was heated at 80 ° C. for 1 hour.
After stirring, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the supernatant was removed.
C. and measure the pH using a pH meter.

Generally, nurseries of plants (eg, grasses such as rice, wheat, turf, bamboo grass, etc.) usually have a pH of 4.0 to 6.0.
Preferably, the pH is adjusted to 4.5 to 5.5. This is because root elongation disorders are liable to occur when the pH is lower than 4.0, and cause stuffy seedlings and sapling seedlings when the pH is higher than 6.0. Therefore, the silicate fertilizer given to the nursery is
Although it is necessary that H does not largely fluctuate, various investigations have revealed that a 5% slurry has a pH of 3.0 to 8.0.
(Preferably 4.0 to 7.0, particularly preferably 4.5 to 7.0.
5.5) silica does not significantly affect the nursery bed pH,
In addition, they found that silicic acid was supplied extremely efficiently to plant seedlings, and that the silicic acid content of the seedlings increased. As a result, the stem of the seedling was silicified and strengthened, and the seedling that absorbed silicic acid became dark green, and the efficiency of photosynthesis was improved. In addition, the damage caused by pathogenic bacteria and pests was suppressed, and the occurrence of rice blast was suppressed particularly in rice seedlings. Further, when the seedlings were grasped by a seedling planter and planted in a Honda, the seedlings of the seedlings were hard to some extent, so that they could be easily grasped, and the roots could be firmly buried in the soil, and poor seedling planting hardly occurred.

In the present invention, examples of the silica include:
Silica gel and silica sol can be used. Silica gel is a gel of silicic acid and is represented by SiO ₂ .nH ₂ O. In general, silica gel produced by a wet method has a three-dimensional network structure in which non-porous amorphous silica colloid particles are bonded to each other by siloxane bonds, and the surface area of each silica colloid particle constituting a unit weight. Is the specific surface area, and the space surrounded by the three-dimensional network of these silica colloid particles is the pore volume. For example, when silica gel is prepared from an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and sulfuric acid, hydrolysis of sodium silicate produces monosilicate Si (OH) ₄ , and further, dehydration condensation of monosilicic acid forms colloidal polysilicate particles. As a result, a liquid material, ie, a silica sol is obtained. At this time, the size of the colloid particles is affected by the SiO ₂ concentration, salt concentration, pH, and the like. The individual colloidal particles in the silica sol then aggregate to form a three-dimensional network, and eventually the silica sol loses fluidity and becomes a gelatinous mass. This state is called silica hydrogel. By removing the sodium sulphate formed from the sodium silicate and the sulfuric acid contained therein by a water washing treatment or the like, a silica hydrogel composed of water, silicon dioxide and other minor components in an amount depending on the initial silica hydrosol can be obtained. What dehydrated and dried this silica hydrogel is silica xerogel. The silica gel that can be used as a main component of the siliceous fertilizer for rice nurseries of the present invention includes silica gel in all states from silica hydrogel to silica xerogel.
The shape of the silica gel may be any of powder, crushed, and spherical. In addition, silica sol (silica hydrosol)
Can also be used as a main component of the fertilizer of the present invention.

The silica in the present invention is preferably a granular silica gel under a sieve having a particle size of 10 mesh. Even if the particle size is out of this range, the plant seedlings can efficiently absorb silicic acid, but especially in the case of granular material under a sieve having a particle size of 10 mesh, the silicic acid absorption efficiency of the seedlings is significantly increased. For example, silica gel having a particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm can be used.

The silica according to the present invention has a bulk specific gravity of 1.0.
The following is preferred. In this case, the volume occupied by the silica when the silica is mixed into the soil increases, so that the weight of the entire nursery is reduced and the nursery is easily carried. Silica as a nursery silicic acid fertilizer according to the present invention can be used for the nursery soil 3
It is preferable to mix 200 g to 800 g per kg. Even if the amount is outside this range, the silicic acid content of the plant seedlings will be high, but if it is within this range, the silicic acid content of the seedlings will be sufficiently high and economically advantageous. In addition,
If the economical aspect is considered important, silica should be 200 g to 5 g.
It is preferable to mix 00 g.

The silicate fertilizer for a nursery of the present invention can be applied to a nursery of a plant, but is suitable for a nursery of a gramineous plant, in particular, a nursery of a rice plant.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In the following examples, silica gel used was Fuji Silica Gel A type (manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.). Fuji Silica Gel Form A has pH (5% slurry) 5.
0, bulk specific gravity 0.7 g / ml (packing density 0.73 g / m
l), pore volume 0.36 ml / g, surface area 650 m ² /
g, pore diameter 22 °. Also, unless otherwise noted
Granules of 10 to 40 mesh were used.

[Seedling Box Application Test I] The variety name Domanaka (rice) was sowed on a seedbed in a seedling box on April 18 (sowing amount: 150 g of dry paddy), and transplanted to Honda on May 14 the following day. About 3 kg of soil was used for the seedling box, one without silica gel, one mixed with 300 g of silica gel, and one mixed with 1000 g of silica gel. Honda soil was not added with silica gel.

[0016] After the transplantation, the traits and dry weight of the seedlings were examined on May 17 (29 days for raising seedlings). The results are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the dry matter weight refers to 70 parts above the plant.
This is the weight after drying at 24 ° C. for 24 hours. The larger the value, the more densely the rice seedlings were clogged. The silicic acid content is a ratio of silicic acid contained in the dry weight, and the silicic acid absorption is a value obtained by multiplying the dry weight by the silicic acid content.
From Table 1, when silica gel was added to the seedbed, there was no difference in seedling length and number of leaves compared to the case without silica gel treatment, but there was a tendency for dry matter weight to increase and toughness to increase. It can be seen that the acid content is significantly increased and the stem is silicified.

[0017]

[Table 1]

The dry matter weight and the silicic acid content of the seedlings were examined on May 26 (seeding raising period 39 days) after the transplantation of Honda. The results are shown in Table 2 below. From Table 2, after Honda transplantation, the silicic acid content and the absorbed amount of silicic acid
There was no significant difference in both the cases of 00g and 1000g.

[0019]

[Table 2]

On May 26, after transplanting the seedlings, the seedlings were extracted, the roots were cut out and returned to Honda again, and collected on June 5, the seedling length, the number of leaves and the number of roots were examined. (Also referred to as rooting and rooting). The results are shown in Table 3 below. From Table 3, 300 g of silica gel or 100 g of silica gel
When 0 g was added, the number of roots was increased as compared with no treatment with silica gel, and it was found that silica gel promoted rooting.

[0021]

[Table 3]

In addition, the weight of refined rice, the number of rice grains per ear, the number of m ² rice grains, and the rate of degeneration were also investigated. Table 4 shows the results. From Table 4, it was found that the addition of silica gel tends to improve the degeneration rate and increase the yield as compared to the case without silica gel treatment.

[0023]

[Table 4]

[Nurse box application test II] A variety of rice (rice) was sowed on a nursery bed in a seedling box on April 18 (the seeding amount was 150 g dry rice), and transplanted to Honda on May 14 the following day. The seedling box used was about 3 kg of soil, without silica gel, and mixed with 1000 g of silica gel. About these, during the nursery period,
Light-shielded seedlings (light-shielding rate 55%) subjected to light-shielding treatment were compared with healthy seedlings not subjected to light-shielding treatment. Table 5 shows the comparison results.
Shown in Honda soil was not added with silica gel.

From Table 5, it can be seen that the silicic acid content and the absorbed amount of silicic acid are higher when using a nursery bed mixed with silica gel, regardless of whether it is a healthy seedling or a light-shielded seedling, as compared with a case where no silica gel is treated. You can see that. The yield was about 10% lower in the light-shielded seedlings without silica gel than in the healthy seedlings, but was equal to that in the light-shielded seedlings using a nursery bed mixed with silica gel. From these results, it can be seen that good results can be obtained even in bad weather as long as the seedlings are in a nursery bed mixed with silica gel.

[0026]

[Table 5]

[Nurse Box Application Test III] A variety of rice (rice) was sowed on a nursery in a nursery box on May 23 (the seeding amount was 100 g of dry paddy), and seedlings were raised on the nursery. The seedling box uses about 3 kg of soil per box, silica gel untreated, mixed with 200 g of silica gel, mixed with 400 g of silica gel,
A mixture of 600 g of silica gel, silica gel 80
A mixture of 0 g and a mixture of 1000 g of silica gel were used.

On these plants, the characteristics, dry matter weight, silicic acid content and pH of the seedbed of the seedlings were examined on June 10 the following day. Table 6 shows the results. From Table 6, while raising the seedlings in the nursery, the silicic acid content tends to increase according to the amount of silica gel mixed in, but even if 800 g or more of silica gel is mixed, the silicic acid content does not increase further. I understood.
It was also found that when 200 g or more of silica gel was mixed, the silicic acid content was greatly increased as compared with the case where no treatment was performed with silica gel. In addition, the pH of the nursery bed was 4.5 in any of 200 g to 1000 g / box of silica gel, indicating an optimal value for raising seedlings.

[0029]

[Table 6]

Also, on June 10, the seedlings were extracted,
The roots were cut off and returned to the nursery again, and one week later, they were collected on June 17, and the number of roots, seedling height, leaves, roots, and the like were examined (rooting treatment). The results are shown in Table 7 below. From Table 7, from the nursery, if more than 200 g of silica gel is added, the number of roots is increased as compared with the case of no silica gel treatment,
It was found that rooting was promoted.

[0031]

[Table 7]

[Nurse box application test IV] In early August, seeds of the variety "Hanuki" (rice) were sowed on a nursery in a nursery box (the seeding amount was 150 g of dry paddy), and seedlings were grown on the nursery. The seedling box used was about 3 kg of soil per box, a silica gel untreated one, and a mixture of 500 g of silica gel. The silica gel used was a granular material of 5 to 10 mesh, a granular material of 10 to 40 mesh, a granular material under a 40 mesh sieve, and a powder.

On the following day, on September 18, the traits, dry weight, silicic acid content, and silicic acid absorption of the seedlings were examined. Table 8 shows the results. From Table 8, while raising the seedlings in the nursery, the silicic acid content and the absorbed amount of silicic acid are higher than those without silica gel treatment when any of the silica gels is mixed, but especially under a 10-mesh sieve. Shows a high value in the granular silica gel, and it is understood that the silicic acid supply capacity is high.

[0034]

[Table 8]

In each of the above-mentioned seedling box application tests, when rice seedlings grown on a non-silica gel-treated nursery are transplanted to a Honda with a rice transplanter, the stems are soft and difficult to grasp, and the roots can be firmly planted in the soil of Honda. Some of them came up in the water. On the other hand, when transplanting rice seedlings grown in a nursery bed to which silica gel has been added to Honda with a rice transplanter,
The stem was silicified and hard, so it was easy to grasp and the roots could be planted firmly in the soil of Honda. For this reason, the operation efficiency at the time of transplantation was improved.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. pH (5% slurry) of 3.0 to 8.0
A silicic acid fertilizer for plant nurseries, comprising silica as a main component. 2. The silicic acid fertilizer for nurseries according to claim 1, wherein the silica is silica gel or silica sol. 3. The silicate fertilizer for nurseries according to claim 1, wherein the silica is granular silica gel under a 10-mesh sieve. 4. The silicic acid fertilizer for nurseries according to claim 1, wherein the silica has a bulk specific gravity of 1.0 or less. 5. The seedling silicic acid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is 200 g to 800 g per 3 kg of the seedling soil.
g. A method for applying a silicic acid fertilizer for nurseries, which comprises mixing.