JPH10298008A - Leaf surface-spraying agent and raising of rice seedling with the leaf surface-spraying agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a leaf surface-spraying agent comprising the fermentation product of a trehalose-containing saccharide as an ingredient, and to provide a method for enhancing the quality of a rice seedling without requiring an agrochemical by treating the rice seedling with the leaf surface-spraying agent in a period for making the rice seedling. SOLUTION: This agent for spraying on leaf surfaces contains as an active ingredient either of a vinegar obtained by subjecting a mixture of a trehalose- containing saccharide with ethyl alcohol for fermentation to an acetic acid fermentation treatment, a vinegar obtained by subjecting the trehalose-containing saccharide to both an alcohol fermentation treatment and an acetic acid fermentation treatment, a mixture of the trehalose-containing saccharide with fermented vinegar, a mixture of the trehalose-containing saccharide with synthetic vinegar, and a mixture of the trehalose-containing saccharide with acetic acid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a foliar spray and a method for raising rice seedlings using the foliar spray. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for growing a foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. The method is to act on the seedling making time.

2. Description of the Related Art The growing time of rice cultivation is broadly divided into four stages: the time of seedling production, the time when leaves and stems increase, the time when ears grow, and the time when rice grows. Currently, the production of rice seedlings using rice transplanters is centered on box raising seedlings using seedling boxes. In the box nursery, generally, a predetermined seedling box is filled with about 5 liters of bed soil, and about 8,000 seeds of rice are sown in the narrow box. For this reason, seedlings become overgrown in the late stage of raising seedlings, and when exposed to abnormally low temperatures at night and sudden high temperatures during the day, physiological metabolism becomes abnormal,
It causes an imbalance between moisture absorption from the root and transpiration from the leaves, and tends to generate stuffy seedlings, a phenomenon in which the leaves roll like needles. Also, when overgrown, senescent seedlings, a phenomenon in which the lower leaves are yellowed and die, are likely to occur. In addition, in mechanical transplanting using a rice transplanter, it is necessary to improve the rooting of the seedlings related to the efficiency of feeding out the seedlings of the rice transplanter. In addition, it is necessary to control the transpiration of the seedlings after rice planting and to prevent planting damage to the seedlings.
As a countermeasure, the growth of seedlings in box-grown seedlings is controlled by agents such as a fungicide (abbreviated as a) and a plant growth regulator (abbreviated as b) having a plant growth regulating effect. For example, hydroxyisoxazole (a), isoprothiolane (a), metasulfocarb (a) and the like are used for preventing stuffy seedlings, benzylaminopurine (b) is used for preventing aging seedlings, and hydroxyisoxazole is used for improving rooting of seedlings. Indolebutyric acid (b) and nicotinamide (b) are used together with sol (a) and the like, and drugs such as paraffin (b) and wax (b) are used to prevent planting damage of seedlings. On the other hand, in box raising seedlings, the uniformity of seedlings is important to improve the finishing of rice planting and work efficiency. Therefore, seed selection to select seeds with excellent germination ability, disinfection to prevent diseases of the selected seeds, immersion to absorb enough water to the seeds,
After successive germination to artificially germinate, seeds are seeded in a seedling box. The disinfection here is a preventive treatment using a fungicide, such as a benomyl-thiuram agent, because the seed rice may be contaminated with blast, sesame leaf blight, falcon seedling disease and the like. As described above, the above agents and the like play an important role during the seedling production period in order to stabilize and improve rice cultivation in rice transplanters. However,
Use of pesticides (chemicals), which greatly support high productivity, should be used more in view of reducing the environmental burden, and because of the producer's own health consciousness and high interest in consumer food safety, etc. This is a situation that is not permissible, in which production materials that are not legal pesticides or chemical fertilizers but mainly natural products are used. For example, there are wood vinegar liquid introduced as an environmental protection material, microbial treated chitosan which is said to have a biopesticidal effect, and even vinegar which is also an old preservative. is there. Wood vinegar cools the smoke generated when carbonizing wood, and is a liquefied reddish-brown liquid that contains more than 200 components such as organic acids, phenols, and alcohols. The main components are acetic acid, phenolic acid, and methanol. It is. The microorganism-treated chitosan is obtained by enzymatically decomposing and deacetylating crab shells and shrimp shells with a microbial enzyme, and is mainly composed of a glucosamine 2 to 20-mer.
There are many kinds of vinegar, and rice vinegar and brown rice vinegar, which are made by brewing rice, are generally used, but the main component is acetic acid. It is used as a mixture of the three or as a mixture of the two with a liquid obtained by fermenting brown sugar with an enzyme. These production materials are generally diluted with water for use. High concentration, eg 1
Pest control effect by antibacterial action at about 100 to 500 times, it is said that there is a breeding effect at low concentrations, for example, about 500 to 1000 times, but its use is pesticide-free, organic cultivation aiming at reduced pesticides, Pesticide substitution was the goal.

In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the effects of fermented products containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component on rice seedlings and the like. The present inventors have found that a method of applying a fermented product containing as a component during the rice seedling production period can improve seedling quality without using a chemical, and thus completed the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide a foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component, and a method for raising rice seedlings using the foliar spray.

After sowing, box raising seedlings perform management operations called budding, greening, and hardening. That is,
Seed seeds sown in a seedling box and covered with soil are then germinated in a seedling incubator, and then grow into seedlings while undergoing greening for exposure to the outside air and hardening for resistance to low temperatures. The quality of a seedling is indicated by seedling quality such as plant height, number of stems, leaf age, living weight, dry weight, dry matter rate, and seedling quality. The plant height is the length from the root of the seedling to the tip of the longest leaf. The number of stems is obtained by adding the number of tillers to the stems of the seed rice. The leaf age ranges from the first leaf to the seventh leaf in sequence, but when all the new leaves have not come out, the same length as the previous leaf is set to 0.
8. One-eighth of the leaf blade is taken as 0.1 and added to the number of leaves before counting. The live weight is determined by weighing and averaging 50 seedlings from which the roots have been removed except for the rice husks. Seedling 5 for which dry weight was measured
Dry zero, weigh and average. The dry matter ratio is shown as a ratio (%) of the dry matter to the living weight. Seedling completeness is indicated by the ratio of dry weight to plant height (mg / cm). Here, as for the seedling of the mechanical transplant, for example, a leaf age of 3.2 is considered as a suitable time for transplantation,
Good seedlings have reached the height and leaf age suitable for transplantation.
Not affected by pests. There are no stuffy seedlings or aging seedlings, the roots are good, and the seedlings are generally in good condition. The dry matter weight is large compared to the live weight, and the dry matter rate is high. The dry weight of the plant is large compared to the plant height, and the quality of seedlings is high. Among these conditions, in particular, it is an important decisive factor for good seedlings. Such seedlings have a large amount of nutrients in their stems, so they take root soon after planting, have little damage to planting, and thrive. It shall be. In other words, if good seedlings cannot be produced in a nursery box, the use of rice transplanters may lead to a decrease in revenue, and seedling production is an important process in rice cultivation. In such a situation, when the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to the present invention as a component is applied at the time of seedling production, the growth of the seedling is promoted, and the seedling quality, a healthy seedling having a high dry matter rate can be easily obtained. Obtainable. In addition, there are no stuffy seedlings and no aging seedlings, the roots are good, and the seedlings are generally uniform. The foliar spray of the present invention is obtained from a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component, and utilizes a trehalose-based component and an acetic acid component as a foliar spray,
The use of such a foliar spray to enhance the quality of rice seedlings has never been found before, and the disclosure according to the present invention is the first time. The foliar spray of the first aspect is a foliar spray containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising rice seedling, comprising using the foliar spray of the first aspect. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Trehalose is a natural carbohydrate that is abundantly contained in plants, insects, mushrooms, yeasts, and the like, and has a protective effect against drying and freezing. There are industrial methods for producing trehalose, such as a method of extracting from trehalose, a method of isolating trehalose from a bacterial culture that produces trehalose, and a method of genetically modifying trehalose in a plant body. . The trehalose-containing saccharide in the present invention has a trehalose content of more than 20/100 in the solid content, and its production method is not limited. Next, a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide used in the present invention is prepared in the following example. The vinegar as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component according to claim 3 is, for example, trehalose-containing saccharide (trehalose content 30%) and brewing alcohol (purity 95).
%) In pure water with an alcohol concentration of 5.5% v / v.
v, the sugar concentration is adjusted to 20% w / w, and 1000 ml is used as a raw material. This was followed by 1 g of yeast extract, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of diammonium phosphate and Acetobacter acetobacter seed.
After adjusting the acidity to 1.5% by adding 30 ml of the seed vinegar fermented solution of Cetti), acetic acid fermentation was performed at 30 ° C. for 25 days. The acetic acid concentration after fermentation was 5.0% w / v, and the alcohol concentration was 0.3% v / v. This was filtered to remove the cells, and heat-treated at 75 ° C. to obtain vinegar containing trehalose as a component. This vinegar had an acidity of 5%, a salt-free soluble solid content of 18.8%, and the sugar component per 100 ml of vinegar was 20.3 g of trehalose-containing saccharide and 6 g of trehalose. The vinegar as a fermented product comprising the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component according to claim 4 is, for example, a trehalose-containing saccharide (trehalose content 30%) in pure water.
Adjust to 0% w / w and use 1000 ml as raw material. The yeast Saccharomyces ellipsoidus (S
(Accharomyces ellipoideus)
Was added, 1 g of yeast extract, 0.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, and 0.5 g of diammonium phosphate were added, and alcohol fermentation was performed at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. for 10 days. The alcohol concentration after the above fermentation is 6.5% v / v
Met. This was heated at a temperature of 65 ° C. for 10 minutes to sterilize the yeast, and then the alcohol concentration was adjusted to 5.5% v / v. Next, seed vinegar Acetobacter aceti (Acetoba)
After adding 30 ml of acetic acid fermentation solution of cteraceti) to adjust the acidity to 1.5%, the temperature is 35 to 40 ° C.
For 10 days. The acetic acid concentration after fermentation was 4.5% w / v, and the alcohol concentration was 0.3% v / v. This was filtered to remove the cells, and heat-treated at 75 ° C. to obtain vinegar containing trehalose as a component. This vinegar has an acidity of 4.5%, a salt-free soluble solid content of 20%, and a trehalose-containing saccharide of 21.6 per 100 ml of vinegar.
g of trehalose was 10 g. The mixture as a fermented product comprising the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 5 as components is, for example, 300 g of trehalose-containing saccharide (30% trehalose content), 603 g of commercially available alcohol vinegar (10% acidity) as brewed vinegar, and water. 300 g of the mixture, the mixture had an acidity of 5.0%, a salt-free soluble solid content of 18.8%, and the sugar component per 100 ml of the mixture was 20.3 g of trehalose-containing saccharide and trehalose 6
g. The mixture as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 6 as a component is, for example, a mixture of 300 g of trehalose-containing saccharide (30% trehalose content) and 900 g of commercially available synthetic vinegar (acidity 6%). This mixture has an acidity of 4.5% and a salt-free soluble solid content of 1%.
The sugar content per 8.8%, 100 ml of the mixture is the same as that in the example of the fifth embodiment. The mixture as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 7 as a component is, for example, 300 g of trehalose-containing saccharide (30% trehalose content), 55 g of acetic acid (glacial acetic acid), and 845 of water.
g, and the mixture has an acidity of 4.5%,
The sugar component per 100 ml of the salt-free soluble solids 18.8% and the mixture is the same as that of the example of the fifth embodiment. The ripening cultivation method of rice according to claim 8 shows an action concentration of a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide used as a foliar spray, and a ratio diluted with water is 10 times or more,
Desirably, it is 30 times or more, but the trehalose-containing saccharide is 2% or less and the acidity in terms of acetic acid is 0.5% or less. The foliar spray is for watering, dipping,
It can be used for dropping. The method of raising rice seedlings according to the present invention is a method for nursing seedlings, seedlings, middle seedlings classified by leaf age,
In addition to making seedlings such as adult seedlings, it can be widely practiced during the time of seedling making such as non-tillage transplant cultivation.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. [Example 1] Vinegar as a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide according to claim 4 as a component was used as a foliar spray. As described in detail above, the components of the foliar spray have an acidity of 4.5% and a salt-free soluble solid content of 20%, and the salt-free soluble solid content corresponds to the sugar concentration of the trehalose-containing saccharide. Seedlings were produced using the foliar spray of the present invention, and compared with conventional seedling production. Golopicari obtained by natural drying was used as the seed. Table 1 shows the nursery, seed paddy, and various management conditions. In addition, the quantity was shown by the amount used per nursery box.

[Table 1] Conditions for seedling production in the foliar spray and the conventional plots according to the present invention (Irrigation with water only was performed sequentially so that the nursery beds did not dry during the management period.) Comparison of seedling quality between the foliar spray plot according to the present invention and the conventional plot obtained based on the conditions in Table 1 was performed. Was. Table 2 shows the results.

[Table 2] Comparison of seedling quality between foliar spray and conventional practice according to the present invention As shown in Table 2, the foliar spray plot according to the present invention, in which seedlings were raised for 25 days after sowing, had higher seedling quality related to seedling quality and higher dry matter ratio than the conventional plots. That is, by applying a foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide of the present invention as a component at the time of seedling production,
It can be seen that there is an effect of improving seedling quality without using any chemicals such as fungicides and plant growth regulators. The seedlings obtained by applying the foliar spray according to the present invention had good uniformity, there was almost no planting damage at the time of mechanical transplantation to the Honda by the rice transplanter, and the rice growth until the subsequent harvest was good. .

The rice cultivation in Japan is mostly transplant cultivation. In transplantation cultivation, seedlings are once grown in other places without directly sowing seeds in the field where they are grown until harvest, and then transplanted and cultivated in the field. The purpose is to create a desirable condition for the growth of rice by transplanting, and to perform thorough management work. At the same time, seedling production has a great influence on the harvest as long as it is said to be a seedling half crop. The present invention provides a method of applying a foliar spray consisting of a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component during the seedling production of rice, thereby improving seedling quality without requiring agents such as fungicides and plant growth regulators. Can be. By implementing the present invention, it is possible to improve productivity and contribute to food security while giving consideration to environmental conservation.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI A01N 63/02 A01N 63/02 C C05G 5/00 C05G 5/00 A

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component. 2. A method for raising rice seedlings, comprising using a foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing a trehalose-containing saccharide as a component during the rice seedling production period. 3. The foliar spray as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is vinegar obtained by subjecting a mixture of the trehalose-containing saccharide and brewing alcohol to acetic acid fermentation. 4. The foliar spray according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is vinegar obtained by performing alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation using the trehalose-containing saccharide. 5. The foliar spray according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is a mixture of trehalose-containing saccharide and brewed vinegar. 6. The foliar spray according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is a mixture of a trehalose-containing saccharide and synthetic vinegar. 7. The foliar spray according to claim 1, wherein the fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is a mixture of trehalose-containing saccharide and acetic acid. 8. The concentration at which a foliar spray comprising a fermented product containing the trehalose-containing saccharide as a component is 2% or less as a trehalose-containing saccharide and 0.5% or less as an acidity in terms of acetic acid. 3. The method for raising rice seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the method is for use, dipping, and dropping.