JPH10155378A - Water culture method and water culture device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently perform water culture and to provide the crops with high quality without root cutting or the damages of stumps by sliding and transferring a cultivation panel floated in a seedling raising area on the culture solution of a culture solution tank line and transferring it to a setting cultivation area. SOLUTION: This method is provided with a seedling raising process for raising the seeds or sprouted little seedlings of the crops on the cultivation panel 1 floated in the seedling raising area 14 on the culture solution tank line 13, a transfer process for enlarging the raising interval of the crops raised to the size of a certain degree in the seedling raising process by transferring the cultivation panel 1 floated in the seedling raising area 14 to the setting cultivation area 15 provided on the downstream of the seedling raising area 14 on the culture solution tank line 13 and a setting cultivation process for performing the setting cultivation of the crops to be harvests on the cultivation panel 1 transferred to the setting cultivation area 15. In the transfer process, the cultivation panel 1 floated in the seedling raising area 14 is slid and transferred on the culture solution 9 of the culture solution tank line 13 and transferred to the setting cultivation area 15 and the water culture is performed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method and apparatus for cultivating crops such as leafy vegetables using a culture solution instead of soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one method for cultivating crops such as leafy vegetables, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2-195826 discloses a hydroponic cultivation method for growing crops using a culture solution instead of soil. . In this hydroponic cultivation method, a crop holder for hydroponic cultivation for holding and growing crops, and a hydroponic cultivation that can stably float on a culture solution while holding a large amount of crop retainers And a cultivation panel for use in combination. Hereinafter, a conventional hydroponic cultivation method using these crop holders and cultivation panels will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the structure of a conventional crop holder and a cultivation panel for hydroponics will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a urethane mat for holding and growing the seeds of the crop and the crop from the seedling stage to the harvest. Since urethane having a high porosity can contain a large amount of water, the urethane mat 20
The seeds and crops that are held in can grow by absorbing sufficient nutrients and water. Reference numeral 20a denotes a block-shaped urethane mat, which is obtained by cutting the urethane mat 20 into blocks. Reference numeral 23 denotes a cultivation panel, which holds the culture solution 9 while holding a plurality of block-shaped urethane mats 20a.
It can be stably floated on top. In the cultivation panel 23, a plurality of openings 21 for transplanting the block-shaped urethane mat 20a are formed in rows at relatively narrow intervals, and a cut 2 is formed in each row of the openings 21.
2 are provided. 23a is a strip-shaped cultivation panel, which is obtained by dividing the cultivation panel 23 along the cut 22 and has a relatively narrow width and a long length. 24
Is a support panel, which can stably float on the culture solution 9 while holding the plurality of band-shaped cultivation panels 23a. The support panel 24 is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped openings 25 for transplanting the strip-shaped cultivation panel 23a in rows at relatively wide intervals.

[0004] Next, a conventional hydroponic cultivation method using the crop holder and the cultivation panel having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 10 (a), in the seedling raising step, a plurality of seeds are sown on the surface of a urethane mat 20 containing sufficient nutrients and water, and the seeds germinate to form seedlings 17 of an appropriate size. Until urethane mat 2
Grow on 0.

[0005] Next, when the growth of the seedlings is advanced and approaching the early stage of growth, as shown in FIG. 10 (b), in the first to middle stages of the planting cultivation, a urethane mat holding the seedlings 17 grown to an appropriate size is obtained. 20 is cut into blocks for each crop, and this block-shaped urethane mat 20a is transplanted into the opening 21 of the cultivation panel 23. By transplanting the block-shaped urethane mat 20a separated for each crop to the cultivation panel 23, it is possible to prevent the seedlings 17 that have grown to some extent from becoming overcrowded.
Thereafter, the cultivation panel 23 is floated on the culture solution 9 and hydroponic cultivation is performed in this state until the crop is about to reach the middle stage of growth.

[0006] Further, when the growth of the crop has progressed to the late growth stage, the cultivation panel 23 is divided along the cut 22 into a band-shaped cultivation panel 23a in the latter stage of the planting cultivation as shown in FIG. 10 (c). This band-shaped cultivation panel 23a is transplanted into the opening 25 of the support panel 24, and then the support panel 24 holding the band-shaped cultivation panel 23a is floated on the culture solution 9, and hydroponics is performed in this state until the crop is harvested. I do. By transplanting the cultivation panel 23a thus divided into strips into the strip-shaped openings 25 provided at relatively wide intervals of the support panel 24, it is possible to prevent the crops that have grown with the growth from becoming densely planted. can do.

However, in the conventional hydroponic cultivation method as described above, when shifting from the seedling raising process to the first to middle processes of the planting cultivation, the worker separates the urethane mat 20 into a block shape, and the block-shaped urethane mat 20a. Must be lifted one by one and transferred to the cultivation panel 23. When shifting from the first to middle stages of the planting cultivation to the late stage, the operator once takes up the cultivation panel 23 from the culture solution 9 and then moves along the cut 22. It is necessary to lift the strip-shaped cultivation panels 23a, which have been cut and grown to a considerable weight as the crop grows, and transfer them to the support panel 24 one by one, which has a problem that such work is extremely troublesome for the operator. Was. Further, when the cultivation panel 23 is separated or the band-shaped cultivation panel 23a is transferred to the support panel 24, there is a problem that the cultivation panel 23 and the band-shaped cultivation panel 23a are very easily damaged in operation.

Further, urethane mat 2 is used as a crop holder.
When 0 is used, as shown in FIG. 10 (a), the urethane mat 20 only holds the root 18 that has been embedded therein,
Since the plant cannot retain the plant, the crop whose leaf stem grows upward as it grows grows in an unstable state, resulting in a problem that the harvest is uneven. I was

Further, inside the urethane mat 20,
Since the root 18 of a certain seedling 17 and the root 18 of the seedling 17 adjacent to the seedling 17 are intertwined, if the urethane mat 20 is cut in a block shape, the intertwined roots 18 will be cut, which will adversely affect the growth of the crop. Had been given. Further, on the surface of the urethane mat 20, the seeds of the crops and the roots of the grown seedlings are constantly in contact with the sufficiently hydrated urethane mat 20 and are in a humid state. There was a problem that damage occurred.

Next, hydroponic cultivation using a crop holder (disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 8-64445) and a cultivation panel (disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-48054) different from the above-described crop holder and cultivation panel. The method will be described below. First, the configuration of the crop holder and the cultivation panel will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a crop holder for hydroponic cultivation disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Hei 8-6445. In the figure, reference numeral 26 denotes a crop holder, which is a support member 27 made of a foamed resin having a U- or V-shaped cross section, and a non-woven fabric 2 covering the lower surface of the support member 27.
It consists of eight. A cutout 29 wider than the seed is formed at the bottom of the bent support member 27, and holds the seed on a nonwoven fabric 28 that covers the lower surface of the cutout 29. The crop holder is disposable after a single use.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a cultivation panel for hydroponics disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-48054. 30 in the figure is a cultivation panel used floating on the culture solution,
It is mainly formed of a foamed styrene resin or the like composed of closed cells. In this cultivation panel 30, a plurality of openings 31 for mounting the crop holder 26 shown in FIG. 11 are arranged at predetermined intervals 32, and the interval is such that each of the grown crops is overcrowded. It is set relatively wide so that it does not become. The opening 31 penetrates from the front surface to the back surface of the cultivation panel 30. The root of the crop reaches the culture solution through the opening 32, and can grow by absorbing nutrients.

Next, a hydroponic cultivation method using the above-described crop holder 26 and cultivation panel 30 will be described. First, the crop holder 26 is placed in the opening 25 of the cultivation panel 30, and seeds are sown in the notch 29 of the crop holder 26.
Thereafter, the cultivation panel 30 is placed in a nursery room to promote germination. When the seeds germinate and become seedlings of a certain size, the cultivation panel 30 is taken out of the nursery room and floated on the culture solution. The seedlings of the cultivation panel 30 floating on the culture solution sufficiently absorb nutrients and water from the culture solution, and also can sufficiently absorb light such as sunlight, so that the growth of the crop proceeds promptly. Hydroponic cultivation is performed in this state until a harvest is obtained. At the time of harvesting, the cultivation panel 30 is picked up from the culture solution, and the grown crop is harvested.

[0013]

According to the hydroponic cultivation method using the crop holder and the cultivation panel as described above, the urethane mat 20, the cultivation panel 30 and the like, which are the problems of the hydroponic cultivation method described above, are used. Problems such as the trouble of detaching and transferring, crop breakage and damage to the root of the plant can be solved, but there are the following problems. For example, when harvesting a crop, the root of the crop damages the nonwoven fabric 28 of the crop holder 26,
The crop holder 26 has to be disposable after one use, making it difficult to reuse and increasing the cost. Further, even if the crop holder 26 is repaired for re-use, the nonwoven fabric 2 remaining on the lower surface of the support member 27 and the notch 29 is removed.
8 is removed, a new nonwoven fabric 28 is again inserted into the cutout 29.
To cover the lower surface of the support member 27 so as to cover the lower surface of the support member 27, which leads to an increase in cost.

Further, the opening 25 of the cultivation panel 30 is formed to have a relatively short length, and the length of the crop holder 26 is formed to be short according to the length of the opening 25. When a plurality of seeds are sown in the longitudinal direction of the vessel 26, the interval between various seeds becomes narrow. Therefore, when the crops germinated from the seeds proliferate with the leaf stems as they grow, the crops become overcrowded and densely cultivated, resulting in poor quality of the harvest. was there.

[0015] The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and can reduce the labor of transplanting a cultivation panel, and can grow a high-quality crop under favorable conditions by avoiding dense planting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroponic cultivation method and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that can be used.

[0016]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a hydroponic cultivation method according to a first aspect of the present invention provides a method of cultivating seeds on a cultivation panel floating on a seedling area on a culture tank line. Alternatively, a seedling raising step of raising seedlings germinated from the seeds, and a cultivation panel floating in the seedling raising area,
A transfer step of expanding a growing interval of a crop grown to a certain size in the seedling raising step by transferring the seedling to the planting area provided downstream of the seedling area on the culture tank line; A planting cultivation step of carrying out planting cultivation of the crop until it becomes a harvest on the cultivation panel transferred to the cultivation area, wherein the transferring step comprises: The cultivation panel floated in the area is slide-transferred over the culture solution in the culture solution tank line, and is transferred to the planting cultivation area.

[0017] The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2 of the present invention is the hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing material that supports and grows the seeds of the crop or the crop grown from the seed. A support net portion composed of a plurality of meshes larger than the seeds for mounting the crop holder, in the center in the longitudinal direction, from both ends on the left and right sides of the bottom of the support net portion from one end in the longitudinal direction. The above-mentioned cultivation panel having a cut-out step extending to the other end, and N pieces (N is an integer of 2 or more) having the same shape as the outer circumference of the longitudinal end of the cultivation panel at a certain interval on one side thereof ), And N fitting portions are formed from the N openings toward the other side opposite to the one side, and the cultivation panel is provided on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the N fitting portions. The step receiving part that engages with the notch step on the left and right sides on the bottom And a spacer panel for holding the N cultivation panels formed at regular intervals, wherein the seedling raising step supports the cultivation panel by holding the crop holder holding crop seeds. A plurality of cultivation panels placed on the net portion and holding the crop holder are juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the culture tank line and floated on the seedling area on the culture tank line, and floated on the seedling area. The seedlings of the crop or seedlings germinated from the seeds are raised on the plurality of cultivation panels, and the transfer step is performed after the seedling step, adjacent to the seedling area on the culture solution tank line. The first spacer panel is disposed in a first fixed planting cultivation area provided downstream thereof, and N cultivation panels among the plurality of cultivation panels floating in the seedling raising area are sequentially arranged in the culture solution tank line. of The first spacer holding the N cultivation panels at the N fitting portions by sliding the nutrient solution on the nutrient solution and fitting the N spacers into the N fitting portions of the first spacer panel. A first transfer step of slidingly transferring the panel over the culture solution toward a second planting culture area provided on the culture solution tank line further downstream than the first planting culture area; After the first transfer step, as long as the cultivation panel is in the seedling raising area, the second fixed planting cultivation area has the second cultivation panel.
The spacer panel is arranged, and N cultivation panels among the plurality of cultivation panels floating in the seedling raising area are sequentially slide-transferred on the culture solution, and N fitting and inserting of the second spacer panel are performed. The second cultivation panel holding the N cultivation panels at the N insertion portions.
Is moved between the first planting area and the second planting area toward the third planting area provided on the culture tank line by sliding on the culture solution. And a second transfer step, wherein the planting and cultivation step includes, after the transfer step, on the cultivation panel held by the first and second spacer panels, until the crop is harvested. It is characterized by performing planting cultivation.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the hydroponic cultivation method according to the second aspect, wherein the spacer panel is engaged with the notched step portions on the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel. A spacer panel structure including two first spacer panels having a step receiving portion at one of the left and right bottoms and N-1 second spacer panels at both the left and right bottoms. It is characterized by the following.

Further, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 4 of the present invention, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivation, the crop is made of a water-absorbing material that supports and grows a seed of the crop or a crop grown from the seed. A support net portion composed of a plurality of meshes larger than the seeds for mounting the retainer is provided in the center in the longitudinal direction, and the left and right sides of the bottom of the support net portion are provided from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. Cultivation panel formed with a notch stepped portion extending to the cultivation panel, and N openings (N is an integer of 2 or more) having the same shape as the outer periphery of the longitudinal end of the cultivation panel at a fixed interval on one side thereof And N insertion portions are formed from the N openings toward the other side opposite to the one side, and both the bottom left and right sides of the cultivation panel on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the N insertion portions. The step receiving part that engages with the notch step on the surface is not formed. And it is characterized by comprising a spacer panel to retain the N-number of the cultivation panel at regular intervals.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for hydroponic cultivation according to the fourth aspect, wherein the spacer panel is formed by cutting the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel. Two first spacer panels having a step receiving portion engaging with the step portion on one of the left and right bottom portions;
A spacer panel structure comprising: N-1 second spacer panels provided on both the right and left bottoms.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1 FIG. Hereinafter, a hydroponic cultivation method and a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus will be described.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a cultivation panel, a crop carrier, and a spacer panel. The cultivation panel will be described with reference to FIG. 1 in the figure
Is a cultivation panel, which is manufactured from a foamed resin such as foamed polystyrene or foamed polyethylene using a blow molding method so that the left and right sides 1a become hollow hollow containers. Reference numeral 2 denotes a net-like support net, which is formed integrally with the left and right side portions 1a in the central portion 3 of the cultivation panel 1 so that the bottom surface is separated from the upper surface of the culture solution, and functions as a crop holding portion. A plurality of meshes 4 are formed on the support net 2 by injection molding, extrusion molding, or the like. The size of the meshes 4 is such that the growth of the roots of the crop is not hindered by a gap larger than the size of the seeds of the crop. Should be set to.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a cutout step formed on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel 1 in the width direction so as to extend from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation panel 1. Such a cultivation panel 1 has very strong strength and excellent durability,
The size is set so that about 10 plants at the time of harvest can be cultivated in the central portion 3. For example, when cultivating komatsuna, the size of the cultivation panel 1 is about 600 mm in width and about 7000 mm in length.

Next, the crop holder will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 6 in the figure denotes a seed tape used as a crop holder in the first embodiment, which is formed from a water-absorbing material made of a biodegradable cotton fiber aggregate, nonwoven fabric, paper, porous urethane sheet, or the like. The seeds 7 and crops (not shown) germinated from the seeds at predetermined intervals 8 are held between the fibers. The length of the seed tape 6 is set relatively long so as to be slightly smaller than the length of the cultivation panel 1 in the longitudinal direction. The interval can be set relatively wide so as not to be overcrowded. The seed tape 6 holding such seeds 7 and crops inside is placed on the support net 2 of the cultivation panel 1. Therefore, even if the mesh 4 of the support net 2 is larger than the seed 7, the seed tape 6 can prevent the seed 7 from passing through the mesh 4 and dropping into the culture solution 9.

Next, the spacer panel will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a spacer panel, which is made of a foamed resin such as foamed polyethylene, and has a plurality of insertion portions 11. The insertion section 11 includes the cultivation panel 1
The size is set so that the cultivation panel 1 can be inserted. 12
Is a step receiving portion, which is formed on both the left and right sides in the width direction of the bottom of the insertion portion 11 so as to extend from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 11, and the step receiving portion 12 and the cultivation panel 1 are formed.
Is engaged with the notch step 5. That is, the cultivation panel 1 fitted in the fitting insertion portion 11 of the spacer panel 10 is held on the spacer panel 10 by the engagement of the step receiving portion 12 and the notch step 5. As described above, according to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the first embodiment, the cultivation panel 1 manufactured as a hollow container by the blow molding method is very tough and excellent in durability. Compared to the cultivation panel 30, there is an effect that the frequency of repeated use increases.

Further, according to the present hydroponic cultivation apparatus, since the length of the support net 2 of the cultivation panel 1 is relatively long, the seeds 7 can be sown at a wide interval. Dense planting can be avoided as compared with the case where seeds are sown in the narrow opening 31 of the conventional cultivation panel 30.

Further, according to the present hydroponic cultivation apparatus, the seed tape 6 holding the crop is placed on the support net 2 integrally formed with the cultivation panel 1, so that the conventional support member 27 and the nonwoven fabric As compared with the case where the crop holder 26 consisting of 28 is disposable, the number of parts is reduced and only the seed tape 6 is a consumable, so that the cost can be reduced.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation method according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the hydroponic cultivation method according to the first embodiment, the cultivation process is mainly divided into three processes according to the degree of crop growth. The three cultivation processes
A seedling raising step for growing seeds and seedlings germinated from the seeds, a transfer step for expanding the growing interval of the crops grown to a certain size, and a fixed planting step for growing the crops until harvest. Cultivation of crops from the seedling raising process to the fixed planting process is performed on one hydroponic cultivation line.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation line will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 4 to 7 show the hydroponic cultivation line, but the description will be made mainly with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, 13 is a hydroponic cultivation line, 14 is a seedling raising area for growing seedlings 17 in a seedling raising process, 15a, 15b,
Reference numeral 15c denotes a constant planting area for growing the crop until it becomes a harvest in the constant planting process. As described above, the hydroponic cultivation line 13 is composed of the seedling raising area 14 and the fixed planting cultivation areas 15a to 15c. The seeds and the seedlings 17 in the seedling raising process are cultivated in the seedling raising area 14 until they reach a certain size. After growing to a certain size, the crops grown in the nursery area 14 in the transfer step are then transferred to the planting areas 15a to 15c, and then the crops in the planting step are turned into the planting areas 15a to 15c until they become harvested.
Cultivate in c. Reference numeral 16 denotes a culture solution tank, which holds therein a culture solution 9 for replenishing crops with nutrients, and is formed to be long in the circulation direction of the culture solution 9 (the direction of the arrow in the figure). The culture solution 9 circulates from the seedling raising area 14 to the fixed planting areas 15a to 15c.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation method will be described in detail for each process. First, the seedling raising process will be described with reference to the drawings. In the seedling raising step, first, seed tapes 6 carrying seeds 7 are placed on the support net 2 of the cultivation panel 1 at predetermined intervals 8 shown in FIG. At this time, since the seed 7 is supported on the seed tape 6, the seed 7 does not fall into the culture solution 9 from the mesh 4. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, nine cultivation panels 1 (cultivation panels 1 a to 1 i) on which the seed tapes 6 are placed, and the seedling raising area 14 of the culture solution tank 16.
And watering is performed from the upper surface of the cultivation panel 1 in order to promote seed germination. At this time, the cultivation panel 1 is floating on the culture solution 9 in the culture solution tank 16, but is placed on the support net 2 because the support net 2 is provided so as to be separated from the upper surface of the culture solution 9. Seed tape 6
The seed 7 in the inside is not over-moistened by the culture solution 9.
That is, the state of suppression of germination due to excessive humidity can be avoided, and germination of the seed 7 is stabilized.

The root 18 that has rooted with the germination of the seed 7
As shown in FIG. 8, the fiber easily passes between the fibers of the porous seed tape 6 and extends from the mesh 4 of the support net 2 toward the culture solution 9. At this time, since the mesh 4 of the support net 2 is formed larger than the seed 7, the growth of the root 18 is not hindered. When the root 18 is entangled with the support net 2, the seedling 17 is supported by the support net 2. As the growth of the seedlings 17 progresses, more roots 18 are rooted and strongly entangled with the support net 2, so that the seedlings 17 are more firmly and stably supported by the support net 2, and many roots 18 are cultured stably. Reaches liquid 9 and absorbs nutrients,
The seedlings 17 grow quickly. The leaf stem of the young seedling 17 that has grown upward from the cultivation panel 1 is exposed to light such as sunlight and grows more quickly.

Next, the transfer step after the seedling raising step as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. When the seedlings 17 on the cultivation panel 1 grown in the seedling raising process grow into crops of a certain size and approach the middle stage of growth, the leaf stems gradually prosper and densely grow. If the interval is not enlarged, dense planting will occur and adversely affect the growth. Therefore, in the transfer step, the cultivation panel 1 in the seedling raising area 14 is transferred to the planting cultivation areas 15a to 15c, and the growing intervals of the crops having a certain size are expanded.

First, as shown in FIG.
The cultivation panels 1b, 1e, and 1h are transferred to the spacer panel 10a floating on the planting area 15a. First, the cultivation panel 1b is transferred and fitted into the fitting insertion portion 11 of the spacer panel 10a, which is located in the same row as the cultivation panel 1b, while sliding on the culture solution 9 in the horizontal direction. Similarly, the cultivation panels 1e, 1h are transported and fitted into the fitting insertion portion 11 of the spacer panel 10a, which is located in the same row as the cultivation panels 1e, 1h, while sliding on the culture solution 9 in the horizontal direction. The state of the cultivation panel 1 and the spacer panel 10 at this time is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the cultivation panel 1 is held on the spacer panel 10 by the engagement of the notch step 2 and the step receiving portion 12 of the spacer panel 10. When the transfer of the cultivation panels 1b, 1e, and 1h to the spacer panel 10a is completed, as shown in FIG.
Is slid horizontally on the culture solution 9 and transferred to the planting and cultivation area 15c.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The cultivation panels 1c, 1f, and 1i of No. 4 are transferred and fitted to the fitting / insertion portions 11 of the spacer panel 10b floating in the planting area 15a. Cultivation panel 1 on spacer panel 10b
When transfer of c, 1f, and 1i is completed, as shown in FIG. 7, the spacer panel 10b is slid horizontally on the culture solution 9 and transferred to the planting area 15b.

Further, as shown in FIG.
The cultivation panels 1a, 1d, and 1g of No. 4 are transferred and fitted to the fitting / inserting portion 11 of the spacer panel 10c floating on the planting area 15a. The spacer panel 10c in which the cultivation panels 1a, 1d, and 1g are fitted is used as the fixed planting area 15c.
Cultivation is continued at. At this time, if the nursery area 14 that has become an empty area is used as a nursery space for the next crop, there will be no empty area on the hydroponic cultivation line 13 and the cultivation area and facility area can be effectively used. it can.

Next, the planting and cultivation process after the above-described transfer process will be described with reference to the drawings. In the planting cultivation process, cultivation of crops is performed on the cultivation panels 1a to 1i transferred to the planting cultivation areas 15a to 15c until they become harvested products (see FIG. 7). As shown in FIG. 9, the leaf stems of the crop 19 after the middle stage of growth grow more densely and densely toward the upper part of the cultivation panel 1.
Can stably hold the strain of crop 19. Therefore, the roots 18 of the crop 19 can stably absorb nutrients from the culture solution 9 and grow rapidly until they are harvested by being exposed to light such as sunlight. When crop 19 is harvested, support net 2
By cutting off the roots extending downward through the mesh 4, the crop 19 whose stock is held by the seed tape 6 can be easily removed from the cultivation panel 1. By washing and drying the cultivation panel 1 on which the crop 19 has been harvested, the seed tape 6 supporting the new seeds 7 can be easily reused for the next hydroponic cultivation simply by placing the seed tape 6 on the support net 2. It will be.

As described above, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to the first embodiment, the seed tape 6 supporting the crop is placed on the support net 2 of the cultivation panel 1, and the same process is performed from the seedling raising process to the fixed planting cultivation process. Hydroponics is consistently performed on the cultivation panel 1, and the cultivation panel 1 in the seedling raising area 14 is slid and transferred on the culture solution 9 in a horizontal plane toward the planting cultivation area 15, thereby increasing the growth interval. As compared with the conventional hydroponic cultivation method, the labor for separating the urethane mat 20 generated at the time of transplantation and the cultivation panel 2
3 and the labor of once lifting the band-shaped cultivation panel 23a and transplanting it to the support panel 24 can be avoided, so that the transplanting work of the operator becomes simple.

In this hydroponic cultivation method, the roots of the crops are always in the culture solution 9 and the culture solution 9 is circulating, so that the roots 18 of the adjacent crops are less likely to be entangled. Therefore, even if the cultivation panel 1 is transferred from the seedling raising area 14 to the fixed planting cultivation areas 15a to 15c, when the cultivation panel 23 is separated as in the related art, or when the belt-shaped cultivation panel 23a is once lifted and transplanted to the support panel 24. Can be avoided, which can adversely affect the growth of crops and cause damage to roots and plants.

In the present hydroponic cultivation method, the cultivation panel 1
If the nursery area 14 after transferring a to 1i to the planting and cultivation areas 15a to 15c is used as a nursery space for the next crop, there is no free space on the hydroponic cultivation line 13 and the cultivation area and facilities The area can be used effectively.

The spacer panel 10 according to the first embodiment is not integrally manufactured as shown in FIG. 3 as long as the cultivation panel 1 can be fitted in the fitting portion 11. You may. For example, two first spacer panels having the step receiving portion 12 which engages with the cutout step portions 5 on the left and right side surfaces of the bottom of the cultivation panel on one of the left and right sides thereof, and a plurality of the first spacer panels on both the left and right sides of the bottom portion And a second spacer panel (disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-16397).

In the first embodiment, the cultivation panel 1
a to 1i are inserted into the insertion portions 11 of the spacer panels 10a to 10c.
The order of transfer is not limited to the order shown in FIG. 5 to FIG.

In the first embodiment, a seed tape 6 made of cotton fiber or non-woven fabric is used as a crop holder.
Is described, but it is not necessary to be limited to the seed tape 6 as long as it can hold the crop.
For example, a cotton fiber, a nonwoven fabric, or the like may be simply spread over the entire surface of the support net 2 and placed.

In the first embodiment, an example using Komatsuna as a crop has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to other leafy vegetables such as spring chrysanthemum, spinach, bok choy, and Chinese rhinoceros.

[0043]

As described above, the hydroponic cultivation method according to the first aspect of the present invention is a method for raising seeds of seeds or seedlings germinated from seeds on a cultivation panel floating in a seedling area on a culture solution tank line. Seedling raising process, and transferring the cultivation panel floating in the seedling raising area to a planting cultivation area provided downstream of the seedling raising area, thereby expanding a growing interval of the crops grown to a certain size, and a planting process. On the cultivation panel transferred to the cultivation area, a planting cultivation step of carrying out planting cultivation of the crop until a crop is obtained, wherein the transfer step slides the cultivation panel of the seedling raising area on the culture solution in the culture solution tank line. It is characterized by being transported and transferred to a planting area, so that it is possible to harvest high-quality crops that do not cause root breakage or damage to the plant, and reduce the labor of workers Good hydroponic cultivation method to become the effect of the rate can be obtained.

In the hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2 or 3 of the present invention, in the seedling raising step, a plurality of cultivation panels are floated on a seedling raising area on a culture solution tank line, and the seeds of the crop are laid on the cultivation panel. The seedlings germinated from the seedlings or seeds are raised, and in a first transfer step after the seedling raising step, the first seedling is placed in a first planting cultivation area adjacent to and downstream of the seedling area on the culture solution tank line. Of the plurality of cultivation panels floated in the seedling raising area, and sequentially slide-transfer the N cultivation panels on the culture solution to the first.
, And the first spacer panel holding the N cultivation panels is slid and transferred on the culture solution toward the second planting cultivation area further downstream than the first planting cultivation area. In the second transfer step after the first transfer step, as long as the cultivation panel is present in the seedling raising area, the second spacer panel is disposed in the first fixed planting cultivation area, and a plurality of cultivation panels floating in the seedling raising area are provided. Of the N cultivation panels are sequentially slide-transferred over the culture solution and fitted into the second spacer panel, and the second spacer panel holding the N cultivation panels is placed in the first planting cultivation area and the second planting area. The culture solution is slid and transported toward a third planting area provided between the cultivation areas, and the first and second spacer panels are provided in the planting step after the second transfer step. On the cultivation panel held in the cultivation panel, so that the planting of the crop is carried out until it becomes a harvest. This has the effect of providing a hydroponic cultivation method with high working efficiency that allows harvesting of crops of good quality that does not cause harm.

Further, according to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claims 4 and 5 of the present invention, the cultivation panel is a crop holding material made of a water-absorbing material that carries and grows the seeds of the crop or the crop grown from the seed. A notch extending from one end to the other end in the left and right sides of the bottom of the support net, having a support net consisting of a plurality of meshes larger than the seed for placing the vessel in the center in the longitudinal direction. It is assumed that a step portion is formed, and the spacer panel for holding the N cultivation panels at regular intervals is provided at a constant interval on one side thereof with the outer periphery of the longitudinal end of the cultivation panel. It has N openings (N is an integer of 2 or more) of the same shape, and N fitting insertion portions are formed from the N openings toward the other side opposite to the one side, and the N fitting portions are formed. On both the left and right sides of the bottom of the insert Having a step receiving portion that engages with the notch step portion of the cultivation panel, or two having a step receiving portion that engages with the notch step portions on the left and right side surfaces of the bottom of the cultivation panel on one of the right and left bottoms And the N-1 number of second spacer panels provided on both the left and right bottoms, so that the frequency of repeated use increases.
This has the effect of obtaining a low-cost hydroponic cultivation apparatus in which the number of consumables is only the crop holder and the number of parts is small.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cultivation panel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a seed tape and a cultivation panel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a spacer panel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a seedling raising step in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a transfer step in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a transfer step in the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a transfer step in the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state of a cultivation panel in the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state when the cultivation panel according to the first embodiment is fitted into a spacer panel.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a conventional hydroponic cultivation method.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a crop holder in a conventional hydroponic cultivation method.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a cultivation panel in a conventional hydroponic cultivation method.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation panel, 1a side part, 2 support nets, 3 central parts, 4 meshes, 5 notch step part, 6 seed tape, 7
Seed, 8 Predetermined interval, 9 Culture solution, 10 Spacer panel, 11 Fitting section, 12 Step receiving section, 13 Hydroponics line, 14 Seedling area, 15 Planting area, 16
Culture broth, 17 seedlings, 18 roots, 19 growing crop, 20 urethane mat, 20a block urethane mat, 21 opening, 22 cut, 23 cultivation panel, 23a band cultivation panel, 24 support panel, 25 opening , 26 crop holder, 27 support member, 28 non-woven fabric, 29 notch, 30 cultivation panel
31 openings, 32 intervals.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A seedling raising step of raising seeds of a seed of a crop or a seedling germinated from the seeds on a cultivation panel floating in a seedling area on a culture solution tank line; A transfer step of expanding a growing interval of a crop grown to a certain size in the seedling raising step by transferring the seedling to a planting area provided downstream of the seedling area on a culture tank line; On the cultivation panel transferred to the area,
A planting cultivation step of carrying out planting cultivation of the crop until it becomes a harvest, wherein the transferring step comprises: cultivating the floating panel in the seedling raising area; A hydroponic cultivation method, wherein the culture is slid on a culture solution in a line and transferred to the planting area. 2. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seed for mounting the crop or a crop holder made of a water-absorbing material for growing the crop grown from the seed is supported. The above-described cultivation, wherein a support net portion including a plurality of large meshes is provided in a central longitudinal direction thereof, and a cutout step portion extending from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction is formed on both left and right side surfaces of a bottom portion of the support net portion. The panel has N openings (N is an integer of 2 or more) having the same shape as the outer periphery of the longitudinal end of the cultivation panel at a fixed interval on one side thereof. N number of insertion portions are formed toward the other side opposed to one side, and the step receiving portion is formed on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the N number of insertion portions with the notch step portions on the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel. The above-mentioned N cultivation panels formed with a part are fixed. A spacer panel for holding at a distance, wherein the seedling raising step places the crop holder holding the seeds of the crop on a support net of the cultivation panel and holds the crop holder. A plurality of cultivation panels are juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the culture solution tank line and floated on the seedling raising area on the culture solution tank line, and the seeds of the crop or the seeds on the plurality of cultivation panels floated on the seedling growth area And raising the seedlings of the seedlings germinated from the first seedling cultivation area provided downstream of and adjacent to the seedling area on the culture solution tank line after the seedling step. The first spacer panel is disposed, and N cultivation panels among the plurality of cultivation panels floating in the seedling raising area are sequentially slid and transferred on the culture solution in the culture solution tank line, and the first Spec The first spacer panel holding the N cultivation panels at the N insertion portions is further downstream than the first planting cultivation area. A first transfer step in which the culture solution is slid and transferred toward a second planting area provided on the culture solution tank line, and after the first transfer step, the cultivation panel is placed in the seedling raising area. As long as there is, the second spacer panel is disposed in the first planting area, and the N cultivation panels among the plurality of cultivation panels floating in the seedling raising area are sequentially slide-transferred on the culture solution. Then, the second spacer panel holding the N cultivation panels in the N insertion portions is respectively inserted into the N insertion portions of the second spacer panel, and Planting area and A second transfer step of slidingly transferring the culture solution toward the third planting area provided on the culture solution tank line between the second planting areas, The above-mentioned planting and cultivation step comprises, after the transfer step, planting and cultivating crops on the cultivation panel held by the first and second spacer panels until the crop is obtained. Cultivation method. 3. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the spacer panel has, at one of the right and left bottoms, a step receiving portion that engages with a notch step on the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel. Two first spacer panels, N-1 second spacer panels on both the left and right bottoms,
A hydroponic cultivation method characterized by comprising a spacer panel structure comprising: 4. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for hydroponic cultivation, wherein the seeds of the crop or a crop holder made of a water-absorbing material for supporting and growing a crop grown from the seed are mounted on the hydroponic cultivation apparatus. A cultivation panel having a support net portion composed of a plurality of large meshes in a central longitudinal direction thereof, and a cutout step portion extending from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction is formed on both left and right side surfaces of a bottom portion of the support net portion. Having N openings (N is an integer of 2 or more) having the same shape as the outer periphery of the longitudinal end of the cultivation panel at a certain interval on one side thereof; N insertion portions are formed toward the other side opposite to the front side, and a step receiving portion that engages with the notch step portions on the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the N insertion portions. Are formed at regular intervals. Hydroponics apparatus characterized by comprising a spacer panel to retain only. 5. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus for hydroponics according to claim 4, wherein the spacer panel includes a step receiving portion that engages with a notch step on the left and right sides of the bottom of the cultivation panel. Two first spacer panels at one bottom, and N-1 second spacer panels at both left and right bottoms,
A hydroponic cultivation device characterized by being a spacer panel structure comprising: