JPH08328043A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To separately control the effective voltages impressed on a liquid crystal layer and to improve visual angle characteristics by bisecting a liquid crystal driving electrode and driving the bisected liquid crystal driving electrodes with respectively independent MIM elements. CONSTITUTION: The liquid crystal driving electrode is bisected to the first pixel electrode 105 which is one kind of first nonlinear type resistance elements and the second pixel electrode 106 which is one kind of second nonlinear resistance elements. The second pixel electrode 106 is formed in the peripheral part of the first pixel electrode 105 and is further driven by the respectively independent first MIM element 111 and the second MIM element 110. In such a case, the effective voltages impressed on the liquid crystal layer 112 and the liquid crystal layer 113 change and the visual angle characteristic is improved if the ratio of the capacitance the of the liquid crystal layer 112 driven by the first pixel electrode 105 and the capacitance of the first MIM element 111 and the ratio of the capacitance-of the liquid crystal layer 113 driven by the second pixel electrode 106 and the capacitance of the second MIM element is so set as to be varied. The contrast ratio is compensated by the liquid crystal layer 113, by which the visual field angle is widened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a conductor-insulator-
Non-linear resistance element (hereinafter referred to as MIM element) or thin film transistor (hereinafter referred to as TFT) having a structure in which conductors are sequentially stacked.
(Referred to as an element), and a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal drive electrode.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 shows the structure of one display pixel of a liquid crystal display device in which a conventional MIM element is formed. (A) is a plan view of this conventional liquid crystal display device, and (b) is a sectional view. Here, the MIM element is, for example, Ta (tantalum)-
Tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ) -Indium tin oxide (I
(TO) etc. 3 of first conductor-insulator-second conductor
A non-linear resistance element having a layered structure. in this case,
The second conductor is not limited to ITO, but Cr or an alloy containing Cr as a component can be used, for example.

Next, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having this conventional MIM element will be described.

First, a Ta film is formed on the first substrate 201 by a sputtering method. Next, this Ta film is patterned by photo-etching and is also used as a wiring electrode.
The first conductor 203 of the element 208 is formed. And
The surface of the first conductor 203 is oxidized by the anodic oxidation method,
The insulator 204 is formed. Next, by the sputtering method, I
A TO film is formed. Then, the ITO film is patterned by photo-etching to form the liquid crystal drive electrode 205 which also serves as the second conductor of the MIM element 208.
The second substrate 202 is provided so as to face the first substrate 201. An ITO film is formed on the second substrate 202 by a sputtering method. Then, this ITO film is photo-etched to form data lines 2 patterned in stripes.
06 are formed so as to be orthogonal to the wiring electrodes of the first substrate 201. Between the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202,
A liquid crystal display device is configured by filling the liquid crystal layer 207. When color display is required in this liquid crystal display device, a color filter layer is provided between the second substrate 202 and the data line 206 or between the data line 206 and the liquid crystal layer 207.

When a TFT element is used as a switching element, a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines are provided on the side of the first substrate 201 so as to be orthogonal to these scanning lines, and the TFT element is provided for each of the scanning line and the data line. Install at the intersection. At this time TF
The gate electrode of the T element is connected to the scanning line, the source electrode is connected to the data line, and the liquid crystal drive electrode is connected to the drain electrode. A counter electrode is provided on the second substrate 202 side.
TFT only when the selected potential is applied to the scanning line
A low impedance ON state is established between the source and drain of the liquid crystal drive electrode, and a potential corresponding to a display signal is applied to the liquid crystal drive electrode through the data line and the TFT in the ON state.
The optical state of the liquid crystal held between the counter electrode on the second side and the liquid crystal drive electrode is changed. The liquid crystal drive electrodes controlled by the TFTs are arranged in a matrix, which allows information to be displayed.

[0006]

In recent years, this type of liquid crystal display device has come to be used, for example, in notebook type personal computers, workstations, liquid crystal TVs and the like. Therefore, the size of the liquid crystal display device is also 22.9 cm to 2 diagonal.
The present situation is that the area is very large at 5.4 cm or more. Under the present circumstances, the following problems have occurred in the liquid crystal display device using the above-described conventional MIM element.

In the conventional liquid crystal display device, a scanning signal is applied to the first conductor 203 also serving as a wiring electrode, a data signal is applied to the ITO wiring 206, and the electric field strength applied to the liquid crystal layer 207 is controlled by time division driving. , Information is displayed by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal. At this time, a uniform electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the liquid crystal drive electrode 205 and the ITO wiring 206, which causes a problem that the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are deteriorated. Particularly in a large area liquid crystal display device having a diagonal of 22.9 cm to 25.4 cm or more, when the liquid crystal display device is viewed with the viewing angle changed as much as possible, the contrast is deteriorated, halftone inversion occurs, and incorrect information is displayed. Oops.

As a technique for improving such viewing angle characteristics, for example, SID'91, DIGEST, P555-
557, SID '92, DIGEST, P798-80
There is a conventional technique described in 1.

The first prior art (SID'91, P, 55
5 to 557), the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into two, the two divided liquid crystal drive electrodes are capacitively coupled, and this is driven by one thin film transistor. As a result, there were two types of effective voltages applied to the liquid crystal layer in one pixel, and the visual characteristics were improved. However, there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated because the two divided liquid crystal drive electrodes are capacitively coupled.

On the other hand, the second conventional technique (SID'92, P,
798 to 801), the liquid crystal alignment film formed on one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided and formed, and a region having a large play tilt angle of the liquid crystal and a region having a small play tilt angle are provided to improve the viewing angle characteristics. However, there is a problem that the method for forming the alignment film of the liquid crystal becomes extremely complicated.

Further, as a third prior art, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-5
3150. This will be described with reference to FIG. In this conventional technique, one liquid crystal driving electrode arranged in a matrix is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes, each pixel electrode is provided with an MIM element, and the area of each pixel electrode and the MIM element area ratio are changed. In the example of FIG. 16, the stripe-shaped counter electrode 1701 and the first
Liquid crystal drive electrodes and MIM elements are provided on the first substrate in a region defined by the wiring 1702 provided on the substrate. The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode 1703 and a second pixel electrode 1704, and a first MIM element 1705 is connected to the first pixel electrode 1703.
A second MIM element 1706 is connected to 04. The viewing angle characteristic is improved by making the ratio of the area of the first pixel electrode and the area of the first MIM element different from the ratio of the area of the second pixel electrode and the area of the second MIM element. However, the third conventional technique has a problem that the viewing angle characteristics are not sufficiently improved because no consideration is given to the division method of the liquid crystal driving electrodes and the pixel electrode area. In addition, since the separation distance d between the first pixel electrode 1703 and the second pixel electrode 1704 is not taken into consideration, the liquid crystal sandwiched between this separation region and the counter electrode is not controlled, which causes a reduction in contrast, or a normally white color. There is a problem that light leakage occurs from the separation region when black display is performed in the display mode (display method in which light is transmitted without applying voltage to the liquid crystal).

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to make the structure complicated.
Controls the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal to improve the viewing angle characteristics,
It is to realize a liquid crystal display device with high display quality.

Another object of the present invention is also to solve the following problems. That is, whether the MIM element is used as the switching element or the TFT element is used, the liquid crystal display device is provided with hundreds of thousands to millions of liquid crystal drive electrodes and the switching elements corresponding thereto. If even one of these enormous numbers of switching elements fails, the switching element does not function as a switching element, and the liquid crystal drive electrode connected to the defective switching element has a potential that correctly corresponds to the information to be displayed. Not given As a result, the liquid crystal drive electrode connected to the defective switching element is visually recognized as a point defect in the liquid crystal display device. The method shown in FIG. 16 is known as one of the simplest conventional techniques for repairing this point defect. This divides one liquid crystal drive electrode into a plurality of pixel electrodes (first pixel electrode 1703 and second pixel electrode 1704 in FIG. 16), and each pixel electrode has a switching element (first MIM element in FIG. 16). 1705 and the second MIM element 1706). If all the switching elements are non-defective, almost the same potential is applied to the divided pixel electrodes, and one liquid crystal drive electrode composed of these pixel electrodes operates normally. Even if one of the plurality of switching elements is defective (for example, if the first MIM element 1705 is defective in FIG. 16), the probability that the other switching elements will also be defective at the same time is very small. Other normal switching elements (the second MIM element 170 in the previous example) where the electrodes remain
Since a correct electric potential is supplied to the pixel electrode (the second pixel electrode 1704 in the previous example) via 6) to operate, a point defect does not occur. However, this method has a problem that the point defect repair ability is not sufficient. For example, considering the case where the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 16 is operated in a normally white display mode in which light is transmitted when an electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal, this problem becomes clear. It is assumed that the first MIM element 1705 is defective and no potential is applied to the first pixel electrode 1703. If black display is performed at this time, the second MIM element 17
A normal potential is applied to the second pixel electrode 1704 via 06, and the liquid crystal sandwiched between the second pixel electrode 1704 and the counter electrode 1701 correctly changes its optical state to display black. No electric field is applied to the liquid crystal sandwiched between the first pixel electrode 1703 and the counter electrode 1701 connected to the defective MIM element, and light is transmitted through this region. When the entire screen of the liquid crystal display device is displayed in black, these pixel areas are visually recognized like a blinking star in the night sky. The situation assumed here is the case where the point defect is the most conspicuous, but in other display modes and element failure modes, the contrast is significantly inferior to that in the normal state, which causes essentially the same problem. It is.
In other words, the conventional simple defect repair technique cannot sufficiently repair defects. Here, the MIM element is used as an example of the switching element, but exactly the same situation applies to the liquid crystal display device using the TFT element as the switching element. Therefore, another object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of easily and sufficiently repairing point defects without complicating the structure and manufacturing process.

[0014]

To achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a non-linear resistance element,
In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal drive electrode that drives liquid crystal, the liquid crystal drive electrode includes a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode formed in a peripheral portion of the first pixel electrode. A first non-linear resistance element and a second non-linear resistance element for driving the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, respectively, are provided. In such a liquid crystal display device, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which conductors-insulators-conductors are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element area is When S _NL1 and S _NL2 , the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. . Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and the respective non-linear resistance element capacitances are C _NL1 and C _NL2. , C _{LC1 is} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode, and C _LC2 is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode, and C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₁ is 0.
It is characterized by being between 001 and 0.999. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which conductors-insulators-conductors are sequentially laminated, and the respective non-linear resistance element areas are S _NL1 and S _NL2. When the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied. Furthermore, when the ratio of the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 to said first pixel electrode combined the second pixel electrode of the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 was _{κ 1, κ 1 = S LC1} / (S LC1 + S _It is characterized in that the value of _LC2 ) κ ₁ is between 0.1 and 0.9. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which conductors-insulators-conductors are sequentially laminated, and the respective non-linear resistance element areas are S _NL1 and S _NL .
_NL2 , where the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and the respective non-linear resistance element capacitances are C _NL1 and C _NL2. , C _{LC1 is} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode, and C _LC2 is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode, and C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₂ is 0.
It is characterized by being between 001 and 0.999. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which conductors-insulators-conductors are sequentially laminated, and the respective non-linear resistance element areas are S _NL1 and S _NL2. When the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied. Furthermore, when the ratio of the first pixel electrode and the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 which combines second pixel electrode of the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 was _{κ 2, κ 2 = S LC2} / (S LC1 + S LC2) It is characterized in that the value of κ ₂ is between 0.1 and 0.9.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals as one of the constituent elements. It is characterized in that it is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is 10 μm or less.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a non-linear type having a structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals and a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated. In a liquid crystal display device including a resistance element, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in a direction in which a wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device is required. A non-linear resistance element is provided on each of the electrodes, and the area of the i-th (i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n) pixel electrode S _LCi is set to the i-th pixel electrode. the area of the non-linear resistance element that is when the S _NLi, the value of n S _LCi / S _NLi is characterized that at least two or more types. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal display device. Alternatively, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal display device. Alternatively, the i-th S _LCi /
Value of S _NLi and n + 1-i-th S _{LC ( n + 1-i)} / S _{NL (n + 1-i)}
Is characterized by equal values of. Alternatively, the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into three.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a non-linear type having a structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal and a conductor-insulator-conductor are sequentially laminated. In a liquid crystal display device including a resistance element, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode surrounds the first pixel electrode, and A part of the second pixel electrode extends inside the first pixel electrode. In such a liquid crystal display device, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , The area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the second pixel electrode is S
_{When NL2} , S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 is characterized. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and the respective non-linear resistance element capacitances are C _NL1 and C _NL2. , C _{LC1 is} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode, and C _LC2 is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode, and C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₁ is 0.
It is characterized by being between 001 and 0.999. Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied. Alternatively, when the ratio of the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 to said first pixel electrode combined the second pixel electrode of the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and _{κ 1, κ 1 = S LC1} / (S LC1 + S LC2 ) The value of κ ₁ is characterized by being between 0.05 and 0.8. Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. Alternatively, the first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and the respective non-linear resistance element capacitances are C _NL1 and C _NL2. , C _{LC1 is} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode, and C _LC2 is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode, and C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₂ is 0.
It is characterized by being between 001 and 0.999. Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied. Alternatively, when the ratio of the first pixel electrode and the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 which combines second pixel electrode of the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 was _{κ 2, κ 2 = S LC2} / (S LC1 + S LC2) κ The value of ₂ is between 0.2 and 0.95.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a non-linear type having a structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal and a conductor-insulator-conductor are sequentially laminated. In a liquid crystal display device including a resistance element, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode surrounds the first pixel electrode, and A part of the second pixel electrode extends inside the first pixel electrode, and a part of the first pixel electrode extends inside the second pixel electrode. . In such a liquid crystal display device, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC1 .
_LC2 , where the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 and the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the second pixel electrode is S _NL2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _It is characterized by satisfying _LC2 / _SNL2 . Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied. Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. Alternatively, the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element is S _NL1 . When the area of the obtained non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a non-linear type having a structure in which a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal and conductor-insulator-conductor are sequentially laminated. In a liquid crystal display device including a resistance element, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n is an integer of 2) concentric pixel electrodes, and each of the concentric pixel electrodes has a non-concentric pixel electrode. It is characterized in that a linear resistance element is provided. Such a liquid crystal display device has the area S _LCi of the i-th (i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n) concentric pixel electrode of the concentric pixel electrode, and is provided on the i-th concentric pixel electrode. and the area of the non-linear resistance element when the S _NLi, the value of n S _LCi / S _NLi is characterized that at least two or more types.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. In the device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode. A second switching element is connected to the comb-shaped second pixel electrode, and the comb-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display comprising a plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal driving electrodes. In the device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode. A second switching element is connected to the pixel-shaped second pixel electrode, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other, and the switching element is a conductor-insulator-conduction. It is characterized by being a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which bodies are sequentially laminated. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode mesh with each other in the horizontal direction. Alternatively, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are meshed with each other in the vertical direction. Further, the area of the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 ,
When the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-shaped first pixel electrode is S _NL1 and the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the second comb-shaped pixel electrode is S _NL2 , S _LC1 / It is characterized by satisfying S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 . Alternatively, the area of the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 . _NL1 , where S _NL2 is the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied. Alternatively, the area of the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , and the area of the nonlinear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 . _NL1 , where S _NL2 is the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. Alternatively, the area of the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , and the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _LC1 . _NL1 , where S _NL2 is the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. In the device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode. A second switching element is connected to the pixel-shaped second pixel electrode, the comb-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other, and the switching element is a thin film transistor. To do.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals, and thin film transistors connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. In, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode is connected to a first thin film transistor, the second pixel electrode is connected to a second thin film transistor, The gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the first thin film transistor and the second thin film transistor are of opposite conductivity type. It is characterized by being. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. Further, the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals, and thin film transistors connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. In, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode is connected to a first thin film transistor, the second pixel electrode is connected to a second thin film transistor, A gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, a gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the first thin film transistor is of N-type conductivity, The two thin film transistors are P-type conductive type, and the area of the first pixel electrode connected to the first thin film transistor is in contact with the second thin film transistor. It is characterized by greater than the area of the second pixel electrodes. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals, and thin film transistors connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type is connected to the second pixel electrode. A conductive type second thin film transistor is connected, a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, a gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the first thin film transistor the channel length L ₁ of, when the channel width is W _1, in which the channel length of the second TFT L _2, and a channel width W _2, Characterized in that satisfy ₁ / L ₁ <relation between W ₂ / L _2. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. Further, the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals, and thin film transistors connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type is connected to the second pixel electrode. A conductive type second thin film transistor is connected, a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, a gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the first thin film transistor Is longer than the channel length of the second thin film transistor. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. Further, the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal, and a thin film transistor connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type is connected to the second pixel electrode. A conductive type second thin film transistor is connected, a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, a gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the first thin film transistor The channel width of is smaller than the channel width of the second thin film transistor. Such a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. Further, the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a first conductor, an insulator and a second conductor are sequentially laminated, and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving liquid crystal. In the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and the electrical nonlinear characteristic of a first nonlinear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode, It is characterized in that the electrical non-linear characteristic of the second non-linear resistance element that drives the pixel electrode is different. Alternatively, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal including a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a first conductor, an insulator and a second conductor are sequentially stacked, and a liquid crystal driving electrode for driving the liquid crystal. In the display device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and the thickness of the insulating film of the first nonlinear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are driven. The second non-linear resistance element has a different insulating film thickness. In such a liquid crystal display device, the first conductor of the first non-linear resistance element and the first conductor of the second non-linear resistance element are electrically connected outside the display region of the liquid crystal display device. It is characterized by Alternatively, the second pixel electrode is formed so as to surround the first pixel electrode.

Further, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving liquid crystal. In the device, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and a first nonlinear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are connected in series. A second non-linear resistance element and a third non-linear resistance element are provided so as to be connected to.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, when a non-linear resistance element is used as a switching element, it is a metal containing tantalum as a component, an oxide of a metal containing tantalum as a component, a metal or a transparent conductive film. It is characterized by taking a structure in which the layers are sequentially laminated.

The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is characterized in that, when a non-linear resistance element is used as the switching element, the insulator of the non-linear resistance element is silicon nitride.

[0032]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Prior to that, the relationship between the embodiments mainly relating to each claim and the drawings will be described. However, this is merely a classification for the benefit of the reader, and if a certain invention may be related to some embodiments, and in the latter half of the embodiment, the repeating unit is included in order to avoid repeating the first half of the embodiment. May be omitted. Therefore, the classification described below is just a guide.

The inventions of claims 1 to 10 mainly relate to the first embodiment and FIG.

The inventions of claims 11 to 15 mainly relate to the second embodiment and FIG.

The invention of claims 16 to 24 mainly relates to the fifth embodiment and FIGS. 8 and 9.

The inventions of claims 25 to 33 mainly relate to the sixth embodiment and FIG.

The inventions of claims 34 to 43 mainly relate to the seventh embodiment and FIG.

The inventions of claims 44 to 55 mainly relate to the eighth embodiment and FIGS. 12 and 13.

The inventions of claims 56 to 59 mainly relate to the third embodiment and FIGS. 4 and 5.

The invention of claim 60 mainly relates to the fourth embodiment and FIGS. 6 and 7.

The inventions of claims 63 to 73 mainly relate to the ninth embodiment and FIGS. 14 and 15.

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a top view and FIG. 1 (b) is a sectional view taken along line AA 'in FIG. 1 (a).

Ta is formed on the first substrate 101 such as glass by a sputtering method and patterned by photoetching to provide the first conductor 103 of the MIM element. First
The conductor 103 is processed into a shape that also serves as a scanning wiring, and its film thickness is, for example, 1000 to 6000Å. Next, the surface of the first conductor 103 is oxidized by an anodic oxidation method to form the insulator 104 of the MIM element so as to have a film thickness of 200 to 800 Å. For example, anodic oxidation is carried out in an aqueous solution of citric acid or ammonium tartrate having a concentration of about 0.01 to 1%,
Platinum is used as the cathode, wiring is performed so that the anode becomes the first conductor 103, and a direct current of 10 to 45 V is applied for 30 minutes to
Oxidize for 4 hours. Next, the insulator 104 is heated to 300 to 500 ° C.
Firing to form a dense film of the insulator 104, and improve the nonlinear characteristics. Next, the first pixel electrode 105 and the second pixel electrode 106 of the liquid crystal driving electrode which also serves as the second conductor of the MIM element are formed. The first pixel electrode 105 has a first MIM element 11
1 is connected, and the second pixel electrode 106 is the first pixel electrode 10
The second MIM element 110 is formed so as to surround the periphery of 5, and is connected to the second MIM element 110. First pixel electrode 105 and second pixel electrode 1
For 06, for example, a transparent conductor typified by ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed into a film having a thickness of 300 to 4000 Å by a sputtering method and patterned by photoetching. It is not necessary to integrally form the second conductor of the MIM element and the liquid crystal drive electrode. For example, Cr or Ni may be used as the second conductor.
Alternatively, a metal or alloy such as CrTa or Ti may be used, and a transparent conductor such as ITO may be used as the liquid crystal driving electrode, which may be separately formed. Next, the first substrate 101 and the liquid crystal layer 10
The second substrate 102 is provided so as to face each other with the substrate 9 interposed therebetween. Second
On the substrate 102, a data line 108 formed by processing a transparent conductor such as ITO into a stripe shape is formed and provided so as to be orthogonal to the scanning wiring. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a monochrome liquid crystal display device for simplicity, an organic layer dyed with a dye or an organic layer in which a pigment is dispersed is provided between the second substrate 102 and the data line 108, or between the data line 108 and the liquid crystal layer 109.
Or between the liquid crystal driving electrodes 105 and 106 and the liquid crystal layer 1
09, or the liquid crystal drive electrodes 105 and 106 and the first
A color liquid crystal display device can be easily provided by installing it at any position between the substrates 101.

The major difference between the prior art and this embodiment is that the liquid crystal drive electrode is a first pixel electrode 105 which is a kind of first non-linear resistance element and a second pixel electrode 106 which is a kind of second non-linear resistance element. The second pixel electrode 106 is formed on the periphery of the first pixel electrode 105, and the second pixel electrode 106 is driven by the independent first MIM element 111 and the second MIM element 110. It is that the characteristics are improved.

Tech. Dig. of the In
t. Electron Devices Meetin
g, pp. 707-710 Dec. 1980 to MIM
Ratio of device capacitance C _MIM and liquid crystal layer capacitance C _LC , C _LC / C _MIM
It has been shown that the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer increases as the value increases. The ratio of the capacitance C _LC1 of the liquid crystal layer 112 driven by the first pixel electrode 105 to the capacitance C _NL1 of the first MIM element 111, and the capacitance C _LC2 of the liquid crystal layer 113 driven by the second pixel electrode 106 and the second MIM. Capacitance C of element 110
_If the ratio of _NL2 is made different, the liquid crystal layer 112 and the liquid crystal layer 1
The effective voltage applied to 13 is changed, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.

Here, the area of the first MIM element 111 is set to S
_NL1 , the area of the second MIM element 110 is S _NL2 , and the insulator 10
4 of the film thickness t _NL, the dielectric constant epsilon _NL insulator 104, the dielectric constant of a vacuum and ε _O C _NL1, C _{NL2, respectively, C NL1 = ε O · ε} NL · S NL1 / t NL (1) C _NL2 = ε _O · ε _NL · S _NL2 / t _NL (2) On the other hand, the area of the first pixel electrode 105 is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode 106 is S _LC2 , and the liquid crystal layers 112 and 113 are
C _LC1 , where the gap between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 is t _LC and the relative permittivity of the liquid crystal is ε _LC ,
C _LC2 is C _LC1 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 1} / t _LC (3) C _{LC 2} = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 2} / t _LC (4)

As an example, if the relationship of C _LC1 / C _NL1 > C _LC2 / C _NL2 (5) is satisfied in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 112 is It becomes larger than the effective voltage applied to 113, and the contrast ratio when viewed from the front is sufficiently increased by the liquid crystal layer 112, and the contrast ratio when viewed from an angle is compensated by the liquid crystal layer 113 and the viewing angle is increased. The liquid crystal display device has a wide range. Particularly, when the halftone display screen is viewed obliquely, it is very effective in preventing negative / positive inversion (black / white inversion) of the screen. By substituting the equations (1) to (4) into the equation (5) and rearranging, S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6), and the above effect can be obtained by simply changing the area ratio. I understand. This can be realized by simply changing the photomask when patterning the liquid crystal driving electrode without complicating the structure and the process as compared with the conventional technique. In addition, in this embodiment, since the second pixel electrode 106 completely surrounds the first pixel electrode, the contrast ratio is the same in the liquid crystal layer 113 regardless of which direction the liquid crystal display device described in this embodiment is viewed.
Is compensated by and the viewing angle is widened. Further, in this embodiment, defect repair is possible. For example, the second MIM element 1
There is a pinhole in the insulating film 104 of the first conductor 1
03 and the second pixel electrode 106 are short-circuited, the potential of the second pixel electrode 106 is always the same as the potential of the scanning wiring, but the first MIM element 111 also displays information normally unless it is defective. This is because the liquid crystal drive electrode region does not become a point defect due to the first pixel electrode 105. On the contrary, even when the first MIM element 111 is defective and the first pixel electrode 105 does not operate, the liquid crystal drive electrode region does not become a point defect due to the normal operation of the second MIM element 110 and the second pixel electrode 106. From the viewpoint of such defect repair, it is preferable that the area of the first pixel electrode 105 and the area of the second pixel electrode 106 are equal. If one of the pixel electrode areas is significantly larger than the other pixel electrode area, when the MIM element connected to the larger pixel electrode becomes defective, the pixel electrode connected to the surviving normal MIM element is significantly smaller. This is because defect repair cannot be performed effectively for that reason. In addition, the liquid crystal display device is often viewed from the front for a long time, and the optimum contrast is adjusted to the front. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 112 on the first pixel electrode 105.
Creates a viewpoint from the front and surrounds them with the second pixel electrode 1
The liquid crystal layer 113 on 06 compensates the viewing angle from the vertical and horizontal directions. From these points as well, it is desirable that the first pixel electrode 105 and the second pixel electrode 106 have the same area. In this case, about 50% of one liquid crystal drive electrode contributes to improving the contrast from the front, about 25% contributes to widening the horizontal viewing angle, and the remaining about 25% broadens the vertical viewing angle. It will play a role. Of course, in this embodiment, it is possible to make the area of the first pixel electrode large and give priority to the contrast from the front. On the contrary, the area of the first pixel electrode is 40
%, And the area of the strips running vertically within the second pixel electrode is about 20% on each of the left and right sides, for a total of about 40%.
If the areas of the strips running to the left and right in the second pixel electrode are set to about 10% in each of the upper and lower sides, that is, a total of about 20%, the contrast from the front is slightly inferior, but the viewing angle in the horizontal direction is significantly improved. The area of the first pixel electrode is made relatively large when the image quality from the front is emphasized, and the area of the second pixel electrode is made relatively large when the viewing angle is prioritized. However, it is preferable that the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are equal from the viewpoint of achieving both a wide viewing angle and high image quality, and more effectively repairing defects.

S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) At this time, the relationship between the area S _NL1 of the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element and the area S _NL2 of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element is shown. When S _NL1 <S _NL2 (8), the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) is satisfied, and the above-described effect can be realized. _Supposing that the ratio of the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 to the total area S _LC1 + S _LC2 of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode is κ ₁ while satisfying the expression (6), κ ₁ = S _LC1 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) (9) The preferable value of κ ₁ that achieves both high image quality and wide viewing angle is 0.
1 to 0.9, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.
8, more preferably 0.3 to 0.7, ideally between 0.4 and 0.6.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (5) or the relation (6) is satisfied.

C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) ... (10) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation (10), the equation (5) and the equation (6) are m ₁ <1 ... ( 11) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₁ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

When the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes as in this embodiment, the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes plays an important role in obtaining a high image quality. This is because if the separation distance between the pixel electrodes shown by d in FIG. 1 is large, problems such as deterioration of contrast and light leakage phenomenon occur. These problems do not occur when the separation distance d is sufficiently small. This is because almost the same potential is applied to the first pixel electrode 105 and the second pixel electrode 106 while the liquid crystal display device is displaying desired information, and therefore the liquid crystal layer 112 and the liquid crystal layer 113 are provided.
This is because the liquid crystal polarization states of are almost the same. Since the viscosity coefficient of the liquid crystal is not zero, if the separation distance d is small, the liquid crystal layer 114 on this separation region will be the liquid crystal layer 112 and the liquid crystal layer 11.
It responds in the form of being dragged by 3 and changes the polarization state. As a result, there is no reduction in contrast or light leakage. To be more precise, as described above, different potentials are applied to the first pixel electrode 105 and the second pixel electrode 106 in order to improve the viewing angle characteristic, and accordingly, the liquid crystal layer 11 correspondingly.
2 and the liquid crystal layer 113 have different polarization states. At this time, if the separation distance d is small, the liquid crystal layer 114 on the separation region
Is an intermediate polarization state connecting the polarization states of the liquid crystal layer 112 and the liquid crystal layer 113. However, if the separation distance d is large, the liquid crystal layer 114 on the separation region is always in a polarization state corresponding to zero liquid crystal drive electrode potential, regardless of the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer 112 or the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer 113. There is. The applicants investigated the allowable value of the separation distance d based on this viewpoint, and found that the separation distance d was 10 μm.
If it is below, the deterioration of the contrast is hardly a problem,
At 7 μm or less, no reduction in contrast was observed. Further, at 5 μm or less, no light leakage was observed at the time of black display in the normally white display mode. That is, if the separation distance d is 10 μm or less, there is almost no problem in practical use, and if the separation distance d is 5 μm or less, the liquid crystal layer 114 on the separation region responds accurately. Although the MIM element is used as the switching element in the description here, the same circumstances can of course be applied to the case where another switching element such as a TFT element is used. Using the TFT element as a switching element,
Even when one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes, the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 7 μm or less, and further preferably 5 μm or less.

As another example, the case opposite to the above case is also effective.

If C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (12), that is, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 (13), then the viewing angle is compensated by the liquid crystal layer 112 contrary to the above. The same effect as described above can be obtained. When the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are made equal, S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) The area S _{NL1 of} the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element
And the area S of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element
_If the relation of _NL2 is S _NL1 > S _NL2 (14), the relation of the equation (13) is satisfied, the wide viewing angle and the high image quality are compatible, and the defect repair can be effectively performed. (1
The area S _LC1 + S _{LC2 in which} the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode of the second pixel electrode area S _{LC 2} are combined while satisfying the expression 3).
Κ ₂ is a ratio of κ ₂ to κ ₂ = S _LC2 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) ... (15) A preferable value of κ ₂ that achieves both high image quality and a wide viewing angle is 0.
1 to 0.9, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.
8, more preferably 0.3 to 0.7, ideally between 0.4 and 0.6.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (12) or the relation (13) is satisfied.

C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) ... (16) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation (16), equation (12) equation (13) yields m ₂ <1 ... ( 17) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₂ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

In this embodiment, Ta is used as the first conductor 103.
In the above description, TaMo, TaW, TaSi, Ta
Alloy containing Ta such as SiW, or Al, Al
It is also possible to use an alloy containing as a component, and the insulator 104 may be formed by oxidizing these first conductors by an anodic oxidation method or a thermal oxidation method. Alternatively, the insulator 104 may be silicon nitride formed by a sputtering method or a plasma CVD method.

[Embodiment 2] FIG. 3 shows another embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 3 (a) is a top view and FIG. 3 (b) is FIG.
It is sectional drawing in CC 'of (a).

On the first substrate 401 such as glass, Cr, A
1, the first conductor 40 of the MIM element made of metal such as Mo
3 is provided. The first conductor 403 also serves as a data line, and three protruding portions are provided from the data line per pixel area (that is, one liquid crystal drive electrode). Next, the insulator 40 of the MIM element
4 is formed of a silicon nitride or a hard carbon film by a sputtering method, a plasma CVD method, or the like, and is patterned so as to cover at least the above-mentioned three protruding portions. The insulator 404 does not necessarily have to be patterned, but the first substrate 401
Since the liquid crystal display device is colored due to the difference in the refractive index of the insulator 404, patterning is preferable.
On the other hand, as in the first embodiment, the first conductor 403 is made of Ta or an alloy containing Ta, and the insulator 4 is formed by an anodic oxidation method.
You may get 04. In this case, since only the surface of the first conductor 403 is oxidized, it is not necessary to pattern the insulator 404. In general, a silicon nitride film or a hard carbon film is superior in nonlinear characteristics to an insulator formed by anodizing Ta or an alloy containing Ta. The optimum material for the insulating film may be selected according to such points, the ease of the manufacturing method described above, the number of pixels of the liquid crystal display device, or the required image quality. Next, the first pixel electrode 407, the second pixel electrode 406, and the third pixel electrode 405 which also serve as the second conductor of the MIM element are provided. As a result, 3 of the first conductor 403
The first MIM element 410, the second MIM element 411, and the third MIM element 412 are formed on the protruding portion of the book. The second conductor of the MIM element and the liquid crystal drive electrode may be made of different materials as described in the first embodiment. Next, the second substrate 402 is provided at a position facing the first substrate 401 with the liquid crystal layer 409 interposed therebetween. On the second substrate 402, scanning wiring 408 is formed by processing a transparent conductor such as ITO into a stripe shape.

The difference between the first embodiment and the present embodiment is that one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in the direction in which a wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device is required, and By providing independent non-linear resistance elements for the pixel electrodes, the degree of freedom for improving the viewing angle characteristics is expanded. In FIG. 3, assuming that the liquid crystal display device has a wide viewing angle in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction of the liquid crystal display screen, one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into three in the vertical direction (n = 3).
There is. The viewing angle characteristics of liquid crystal display devices differ depending on the application status of each liquid crystal display device. For example, a diagonal of 25 cm applied to a display screen of a personal computer (PC) or an engineering work station (EWS)
In a large-sized liquid crystal display device of about 50 cm, a wide viewing angle is often required in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction of the display screen.
Also, when the liquid crystal display device is incorporated in a pachinko machine, the eye height varies depending on the individual, so a wide viewing angle is required in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction. In contrast to these, when it is applied to an in-vehicle TV, etc., it is assumed that there are many usage situations where two or three people view one liquid crystal display device from the horizontal (horizontal or horizontal) direction, so it is rather horizontal. A wide viewing angle is required in the (horizontal or lateral) direction. As will be described later, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved by making the ratio of the liquid crystal capacitance driven by the divided pixel electrodes and the capacitance of each MIM element different for each pixel electrode. It is preferable to divide the liquid crystal driving electrode into a plurality of pixel electrodes. In the example of FIG. 3, since the liquid crystal drive electrodes are divided in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction, the contrast from the front is good, and at the same time, the viewing angle in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction becomes significantly large. At this time, the viewing angle in the horizontal (horizontal or horizontal) direction is narrow as in the conventional liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG. 2, but the viewing angle in that direction is not required in the first place. When playing a slingshot, a person usually pays attention only to the liquid crystal display device of his own stand, and is not distracted by the liquid crystal display device of the next stand. Therefore, n liquid crystal driving electrodes (an integer of n ≧) are provided in a direction in which a wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device is required.
It is preferable that the pixel electrode is divided into the pixel electrodes, the MIM type non-linear resistance element is provided in each pixel electrode, and the non-linear resistance element area ratio of each pixel electrode area is made different. This is because a desired wide viewing angle can be obtained in a direction in which a wide viewing angle is required in a state where the contrast from the front is good. It does not matter which direction the wide viewing angle is required,
It is usually in the horizontal (horizontal or horizontal) direction or the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction. Therefore, when a wide viewing angle is required in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction, as shown in the example of FIG. 3, one liquid crystal driving electrode is n (n or n) in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction.
≧ integer). On the contrary, when a wide viewing angle is required in the horizontal (horizontal or left-right) direction, see FIG.
It is sufficient to rotate by one degree and divide one liquid crystal drive electrode into n (n ≧ 2 integer) in the horizontal (horizontal or horizontal) direction.

Next, each pixel electrode and the MI connected to them
The relationship with the M-type non-linear resistance element will be described. First MIM element 410, second MIM element 411, third MIM element 41
The two capacitors are C _NL1 , C _NL2 , and C _NL3 , _{respectively,} and the liquid crystal layer 417 driven by the first pixel electrode 407, the liquid crystal layer 416 driven by the second pixel electrode 406, and the third pixel electrode 405.
The capacitance of the liquid crystal layer 415 driven by C _LC1 and C _LC , respectively.
_{If LC2} and C _LC3 are set, and the capacitance ratio of the MIM element and the liquid crystal layer satisfies the relationship of C _LC3 / C _NL3 > C _LC2 / C _NL2 > C _LC1 / C _NL1 (18), the direction of arrow 414 The viewing angle characteristics of can be significantly improved. First MIM element 410, second M
Insulator 404 of IM element 411 and third MIM element 412
Have the same material and the same thickness, and liquid crystal layers 415, 416, 4
Since the material and the thickness of 17 are the same, the first M
The areas of the IM element 410, the second MIM element 411, and the third MIM element 412 are S _NL1 , S _NL2 , and S _NL3 , _respectively ,
Substituting the respective areas of the first pixel electrode 407, the second pixel electrode 406, and the third pixel electrode 405 for S _LC1 , S _LC2 , and S _LC3 and substituting the above equation, the equation (18) becomes S _LC3 / S _NL3 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 > S _LC1 / S _NL1 (19) Therefore, in order to change the capacitance ratio between the MIM element and the liquid crystal layer, it can be easily realized simply by changing the area ratio.

On the other hand, the capacitance ratio between the MIM element and the liquid crystal layer is C _LC3 / C _NL3 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 <C _LC1 / C _NL1 (20) That is, S _LC3 / S _NL3 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 < By satisfying the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL2 (21), the viewing angle characteristics in the direction of arrow 413 can be improved. Further, C _LC3 / C _NL3 = C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (22) That is, S _LC3 / S _NL3 = S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _LC2 (23) By doing so, the viewing angle characteristics of both the arrows 413 and 414 can be improved symmetrically.

C _LC3 / C _NL3 <C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (24) That is, S _LC3 / S _NL3 <S _LC1 / S as means for improving the viewing angle characteristics of both arrows 413 and 414. _NL1 <S _LC2 / _SNL2 (25), or C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC3 / C _NL3 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (26) That is, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _It can also be realized by satisfying the relationship of _LC3 / S _NL3 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 (27).

As described in the first embodiment, the separation distance d for separating each pixel electrode is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 7 μm or less, and further preferably 5 μm or less.
This situation is always applied when one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes. In the following embodiments, some examples in which one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes by using TFT elements or MIM elements as switching elements will appear. In these embodiments, this separation distance d
However, all preferable values of the separation distance d are the same as described above.

As described above, the degree of freedom for significantly improving the viewing angle characteristics in the desired direction can be easily realized without complicating the process or structure, and especially for PC or EWS.
When applied to a large-sized liquid crystal display device having a diagonal of about 25 cm to 50 cm, which is used for a mobile phone, it is possible to solve the problem that the contrast and color tone are different between the upper and lower parts of the screen even when the eyes are fixed.

In this embodiment, as an example, the liquid crystal drive electrodes are
Although the case of division is described as an example, the number of divisions is increased to n divisions (n ≧ 4 is an integer), a non-linear resistance element is provided in each of these pixel electrodes, and the ith (i is 1 To n
Area S _LCi of the pixel electrode (an arbitrary integer between) and the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the i-th pixel electrode is S _{LCi
If NLi} , the value of n S _LCi / S _NLi is at least 2
If the number of types is more than one, it is obvious that the degree of freedom for improving the viewing angle characteristics is further expanded. Further, as explained using n = 3 in the equation (23), the i-th value of S _LCi / S _NLi and n + 1-i
By making the _{values of the} second S _{LC (n + 1-i)} / S _{N L (n + 1-i)} equal, the viewing angle characteristics in the direction in which a wide viewing angle is required can be improved symmetrically.

[Embodiment 3] FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

The first data line 501 and the second data line 502, which also serve as the first conductor of the MIM element, are processed into a shape having one projecting portion per pixel, and the first pixel electrode 507 and the first pixel electrode 507 are processed. The two pixel electrodes 508 are arranged on both sides.
The second pixel electrode 508 formed later is the first pixel electrode 50.
7 is formed so as to surround the first pixel electrode 507, and the first pixel electrode 507 and the second pixel electrode 508 form one liquid crystal drive electrode. The first data line 501 and the second data line 502 are, for example, Ta or TaW, Ta.
An anodizable material such as an alloy containing Ta such as Mo, TaSi, or TaSiW, or Al or an alloy containing Al is used. Next, the surfaces of the first data line 501 and the second data line 502 are oxidized by an anodic oxidation method, and M
A first insulator 503 and a second insulator 504 which are insulators of the IM element are formed. For Ta or an alloy containing Ta as a component, a dense insulator can be easily obtained by anodizing with an aqueous solution of citric acid, phosphoric acid, or ammonium tartrate at a concentration of about 0.01 to 1%. On the other hand, as Al or an alloy containing Al as a component, an ammonium tartrate aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.01 to 5% or a solution of ethylene glycol solvent and ammonium tartrate as a solute is used, and both solutions have a pH of 7. 0 to
A dense insulator can be obtained by adjusting to 7.5 and anodizing. At this time, in order to prevent the first insulator 503 or the second insulator 504 from being formed in the terminal area 511 connected to the external driver circuit, an insulating organic substance is formed in advance and selective anodic oxidation is performed. Alternatively, when the insulator is formed, the insulator is removed by a dry etching method such as reactive ion etching (RIE) using a fluorinated gas such as CF ₄ or SF ₆ . Next, the first pixel electrode 507 which also serves as the second conductor of the MIM element and the second pixel electrode 508 are formed in a shape surrounding the first pixel electrode 507. As a result, the first data line 501
And the first MIM on the protrusions of the second data line 502.
The element 509 and the second MIM element 510 are configured. At this time, the pad electrode 505 is simultaneously formed in the terminal area 511 so that the same data signal is supplied to the first data line 501 and the second data line 502. It goes without saying that the second conductor and the liquid crystal drive electrode of the MIM element may be formed of different materials as in the first embodiment. Finally, a scan wiring 506 is provided so as to be orthogonal to the first data line 501 and the second data line 502 with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, thereby forming a liquid crystal display device.

The difference between the first embodiment and this embodiment (that is, the feature of the present invention) is that the first MIM for driving the first pixel electrode 507 is used.
The electrical nonlinear characteristics of the element 509 and the second pixel electrode 508
The second non-linear characteristic of the second MIM element 510 for driving is different, so that the degree of freedom for improving the viewing angle characteristic is expanded.

According to this embodiment, the first
When forming the insulator 503 and the second insulator 504, it is possible to perform anodic oxidation twice and obtain insulators having different nonlinear characteristics. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram when performing anodization. First data lines 602 and second data lines 603 are formed on a first substrate 601 on which MIM elements are arranged in an array. The plurality of first data lines 602 are, for example, the first substrate 6
01 all connected at the top of the first anodizing pad 605
Connect to. The plurality of second data lines 603 are all connected under the first substrate 601 as opposed to the first data lines 602,
Connect to the second anodizing pad 606. Terminal area 60
4 forms an insulating organic material as described above, and prevents the formation of an insulator by anodic oxidation. The first substrate 601 is broken line 60 into a chemical solution for anodic oxidation such as an aqueous solution of citric acid.
The first anodic oxidation is performed at an applied voltage of, for example, 30 V by immersing it to 7 and using the electrode of platinum or the like placed in the same chemical conversion solution as the cathode and the first anodic oxidation pad 605 as the anode. Next, the second anodic oxidation pad 606 is used as an anode, for example, 40 V
The second anodic oxidation is performed with the applied voltage of. After the anodization, the first substrate 601 is cut along broken lines 607 and 608 to separate the connected data lines. The film thickness of the formed insulator is proportional to the applied voltage, and the first data line 602 and the second data line 602
When Ta is used for the data line 603, 17 to
The film thickness of the first insulator 503 is 510 in order to form a film of 18 Å.
~ 540Å, while the film thickness of the second insulator 504 is 68
It becomes 0-720Å. As a result, unlike Example 1, M
Not only the area of the IM element but also the film thickness of the insulator can be changed, and the flexibility of changing the capacitance ratio between the MIM element and the liquid crystal layer can be further expanded.

On the other hand, pool Frenkel current I flowing through the tantalum oxide (TaO _x ) obtained by anodization.
Is expressed by I = kV exp (β√V), and the value of β is a coefficient representing nonlinearity, and β is inversely proportional to the square root of the film thickness when the film thickness of the insulator is d (β
∝1 / √d). Therefore, the non-linearity can be changed by changing the film thickness of the insulator, so that not only the capacitance ratio but also the non-linear characteristic of the MIM element is changed to form a liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode 507 and the second pixel electrode 508. The effective value of the applied voltage can be controlled over a wide range.

Further, by performing the first anodic oxidation with a citric acid aqueous solution and the second anodic oxidation with a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, phosphorus is taken into the second insulator 504 as an impurity and a new trapping quan- tity is obtained. Forming the first insulator 503
And the second insulator 502 have the same film thickness, that is, even if the voltages applied in the first anodic oxidation and the second anodic oxidation are the same, the first MIM element 509 and the second MIM element 51 are the same.
The non-linear characteristic of 0 can be changed. In addition, by changing the voltage applied by anodic oxidation, the degree of freedom for changing the non-linear characteristics can be expanded, and the viewing angle characteristics and contrast of the liquid crystal display device can be improved by increasing the anodic oxidation step once compared with the conventional technology. Can be greatly improved. The electrical characteristics of the MIM type non-linear resistance element can be changed significantly by changing the anodic oxidation method. In the liquid crystal display device described in this example, it is possible to combine the first and second anodic oxidations by freely changing the oxidizing conditions such as applied voltage, chemical conversion liquid and temperature. Different MIM elements control each pixel electrode independently to drive one liquid crystal drive electrode. As a result, the image quality such as contrast and viewing angle can be freely set. Of course, also in this embodiment, as described in detail in the first embodiment, the MIM element area ratio of the pixel electrode area is changed to the first embodiment.
It is possible to obtain the same effect as. However, even in the situation where the pixel electrode area and the MIM element area cannot be set as desired due to restrictions on the layout of the liquid crystal driving electrodes and restrictions on the accuracy of photolithography, in this embodiment, the anodizing conditions are changed twice. Therefore, the structure such as the film thickness and composition of the oxide film is changed, and it is not possible to easily achieve both a wide viewing angle and high image quality. In addition, in the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4, even if one of the first data line 501 or the second data line 502 is broken, line defects will occur unless both are broken at the same time. The excellent quality is recognized because it does not occur. Needless to say, as shown in FIG. 2, in the liquid crystal display device of the prior art, if the data line is broken even at one place, the area where the normal information is not displayed because the information is not transmitted beyond the line. Occurs, and so-called line defects are visually recognized. Even in the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4, when the data line is broken, the information is not transferred after that, which is the same as the conventional one. However, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, one liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode surrounding the first pixel electrode, and the MIM element connected to each pixel electrode is connected to an independent data line. Because
Even if an abnormality such as a disconnection occurs in one data line, information is transmitted through the other data line and the MIM element connected to it. In this case, since the liquid crystal drive electrode ahead of the disconnection does not display normal information because one of the pixel electrodes forming it is dead, but the other surviving pixel electrode is operating, which is fatal. There is no line defect. Whether the point defect repair described in the first embodiment or the line defect repair described above is performed effectively, two pixel electrode shapes are important. Rather than simply dividing the liquid crystal driving electrode into two parallel or at right angles to the data lines, dividing one pixel electrode so as to surround the other pixel electrode as in the present application obviously provides effective defect repair. This is particularly remarkable in the line defect repair shown in this embodiment.

[Embodiment 4] FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and a first nonlinear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are connected in series. As described above, the second non-linear resistance element and the third non-linear resistance element are provided.

The first conductor 703 of the MIM element which also serves as the scanning wiring is processed into a shape having one protruding portion per pixel. The first conductor 703 is preferably made of a metal such as Cr or Ta and has a film thickness of about 1000 to 5000 Å. More preferably, since it also serves as the scanning wiring, Al and C having a lower specific resistance for the purpose of reducing the delay of the scanning signal.
If u or the like is used, a large-sized liquid crystal display device having a diagonal of 25 cm or more can be realized. Simultaneously with the first conductor 703, the third conductor 704 is formed in an island shape. Next, the MIM is formed so as to cover at least the protruding portion of the first conductor 703 and the third conductor 704.
An element insulator 705 is provided. The insulator 705 is the second embodiment.
It is not always necessary to perform patterning similarly to the insulator 404 shown in 1., and the film thickness may be set to 300 to 3000 Å by using a silicon nitride film, a hard carbon film, a tantalum oxide film, or the like. Next, the first pixel electrode 706 that also serves as the second conductor of the MIM element and the second pixel electrode 707 are provided in a shape surrounding the periphery of the first pixel electrode 706. As a result, the first conductor 70
The third MIM element 710 and the third conductor 704
And the first pixel electrode 706 or the second pixel electrode 707 intersects with the second MIM element 711 and the third MIM, respectively.
The elements 712 are formed so as to be connected in series. The data line 7 is arranged so as to face the first substrate 701 with the liquid crystal layer 709 interposed therebetween.
The second substrate 702 on which 08 is formed is arranged. FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit of the liquid crystal display device configured as described above. The first MIM element 7 is provided at the intersection of the scan wiring 801 and the data line 802.
10 corresponding to the first MIM element 803 and the first pixel electrode 7
The liquid crystal layer 806 driven by 06 is connected in series. The second M from the middle point of the first MIM element 803 and the liquid crystal layer 806.
A second MIM element 804 corresponding to the IM element 711 and a third MIM element 805 corresponding to the third MIM element 712.
Then, the liquid crystal layer 807 driven by the second pixel electrode 707 is connected in series and connected to the data line 802. Scanning wiring 8
01, the scanning signal and the data signal are applied to the data line 802, respectively, the first MIM element 803 is turned on, charges are written in the first pixel electrode 706, and a predetermined electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 806. At the same time, the second pixel electrode also receives the second M
Electric charges are written through the IM element 804 and the third MIM element 805, and an electric field is also applied to the liquid crystal layer 807. As a result, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 806 is
7 is higher than the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal display device 7, the contrast when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front is ensured by the liquid crystal layer 806, and the contrast when it is viewed obliquely is the liquid crystal layer 8.
It is secured at 07, and the viewing angle is greatly improved. Second MI
By arbitrarily changing the areas of the M element 711 and the third MIM element 712, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 807 can be widely changed, and the degree of freedom for improving the viewing angle is widened. On the other hand, without increasing the process at all, the second MI
It is also a great advantage that the M element 711 and the third MIM element 712 can be configured.

In the first to fourth embodiments, the horizontal direction is used as the scanning wiring and the vertical direction is used as the data line for convenience of description. However, the MIM element is a two-terminal element, and it is at the intersection of the scanning wiring and the data line. It is needless to say that it does not matter which one is used as the scanning wiring or the data line because it is connected in series with the liquid crystal layer.

[Embodiment 5] Another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the M formed on the first substrate 101 side.
The shape of the pixel electrode connected to the IM element and the MIM element is shown. One liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode 905 and a second pixel electrode 906, as in the case described above with reference to FIG. 1 in the first embodiment. First pixel electrode 90
5 is connected to a first MIM element 911 which is a first non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and the second pixel electrode 906 is also a conductor and an insulator. -A second MIM element 910, which is a second nonlinear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially stacked, is connected. A plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes having such a structure are formed in a matrix on the first substrate side, and the optical state of the liquid crystal layer 109 sandwiched between the liquid crystal driving electrodes and the second substrate 102 is controlled for each liquid crystal driving electrode. Information can be displayed. The situation around this is exactly the same as the example of the invention described in the first embodiment shown in FIG. The feature of the invention shown in FIG. 8 lies in that the second pixel electrode 906 surrounds the first pixel electrode 905, and a part of the second pixel electrode 906 extends inside the first pixel electrode 905. This makes it easier to improve wide viewing angle characteristics and achieve high image quality, and increases the degree of freedom in design. In addition, since the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are included in each other, the point defect repairing ability is still superior to the invention of the first embodiment. In all other respects, it is the same as in Example 1. FIG. 8 has a simple structure in which the second conductor of the MIM element also serves as the pixel electrode. On the other hand, FIG. 9 is also an example of one embodiment of the present invention, in which the second conductor of the MIM element and the pixel electrode are formed separately. That is, the first MIM element 1011 connected to the first pixel electrode 1005 has Cr, N on the insulator of the MIM element.
Second conductor 1 made of metal or alloy such as iCrTa or Ti
016 is formed, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. Second pixel electrode 1006 and second MIM element 101
The relationship between 0 and its second conductor 1015 is the same.
As shown in FIG. 9, when the second conductor of the MIM element and the pixel electrode are separately formed, the electrical characteristics of the non-linear resistance element can be changed and the element area can be freely set by changing the type of the second conductor. As will be described later, high image quality and wide viewing angle can be easily realized. Although such a situation is not particularly noted in the other embodiments, the same holds true in the other embodiments.

Now, the area of the first MIM elements 911 and 1011 is S _NL1 and the area of the second MIM elements 910 and 1010 is S.
_NL2, insulation film thickness t _NL of the MIM element, the dielectric constant of epsilon _{N L} of the insulator, when the dielectric constant of vacuum and epsilon _O, capacitance between the capacitance C _NL1 of the first MIM element second MIM element C _NL2 is C _NL1 = ε _O · ε _NL · S _NL1 / t _NL (1) C _NL2 = ε _O · ε _NL · S _NL2 / t _NL (2) On the other hand, the area of the first pixel electrodes 905 and 1005 is set to S
Let _{LC1 be} the area of the second pixel electrodes 906 and 1006 be S _LC2 , the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, that is, the gap between the first and second substrates be t _LC , and the relative permittivity of the liquid crystal be ε _LC. The corresponding liquid crystal capacitance C _LC1 and the liquid crystal capacitance C _LC2 corresponding to the second pixel electrode are C _LC1 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 1} / t _LC (3) C _LC2 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 2} / t _LC (4)

As an example, if the relationship of C _LC1 / C _NL1 > C _LC2 / C _NL2 (5) is satisfied in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics, the contrast seen from the front is mainly the first pixel electrode 905. 1005 makes it sufficiently large. The second pixel electrodes 906 and 1006 contribute to improving the contrast when viewed obliquely, and as a result, a wide viewing angle is created. Since a part of the second pixel electrode extends to the inside of the first pixel electrode and is included in each other, the viewing angle characteristics are averaged and the same contrast can be obtained over a wide angle. This is especially noticeable when viewing the halftone screen from an angle,
It is very effective in preventing negative / positive inversion (black / white inversion) of the screen over a wide angle. As in the case of Example 1, by substituting equations (1) to (4) into equation (5) and arranging, S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) You can see the effect. Compared with the conventional technique, it can be realized by only changing the photomask when patterning the liquid crystal drive electrode without complicating the structure and process. 8 and 9, the area of the second pixel electrode is larger than that of the first pixel electrode. And so on. However, as described in the first embodiment, the present invention not only improves both the high image quality and the wide viewing angle, but even if one of the pixel electrodes is defective, the defect is automatically repaired by the other pixel. It also has the advantage. From the viewpoint of such defect repair, it is preferable that the areas of the first pixel electrodes 905 and 1005 are equal to the areas of the second pixel electrodes 906 and 1006. If one of the pixel electrode areas is significantly larger than the other pixel electrode area, when the MIM element connected to the larger pixel electrode becomes defective, the pixel electrode connected to the surviving normal MIM element is significantly smaller. Becomes
This is because defect repair cannot be performed effectively. That is, it is preferable that the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are the same from the viewpoint of achieving both a wide viewing angle and high image quality and more effectively repairing defects.

S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) At this time, the relationship between the area S _NL1 of the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element and the area S _NL2 of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element is shown. When S _NL1 <S _NL2 (8), the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) is satisfied, and the above-described effect can be realized. The liquid crystal driving electrode of the present invention is divided into two pixel electrodes, a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, but a part of the second pixel electrode surrounding the first pixel electrode is inside the first pixel electrode. Since it extends to the center, it has a triple structure of the second pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode, and the second pixel electrode substantially from the outside of the liquid crystal drive electrode toward the center. As a result, the present invention realizes a wider viewing angle than the invention described in the first embodiment.
As described above, it is preferable that the area of the first pixel electrode and the area of the second pixel electrode are equal from the viewpoint of defect repair, but the area is substantially triple, and two of them are the second pixel electrode. From the fact that, it is preferable that the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 is about twice the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 . When the ratio of the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 of the combined first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode of the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 in the same manner as in Example 1 and _{κ 1 κ 1 = S LC1 /} (S LC1 + S LC2) (9) A preferable value of κ ₁ that satisfies both the high image quality and the wide viewing angle while satisfying the equations (6) and can repair defects more effectively is 0.05 to 0.8, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.7, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6, and ideally between 0.3 and 0.5.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (5) or the relation (6) is satisfied.

C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) ... (10) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation (10), the equation (5) and the equation (6) are m ₁ <1 ... ( 11) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₁ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

When the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes as in this embodiment, the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes plays an important role in obtaining high image quality. This is exactly the same as the situation described in detail in the first embodiment. Separation distance d is 10
If it is less than or equal to μm, the deterioration of contrast is hardly a problem, and if it is less than or equal to 7 μm, no decrease in contrast is recognized. Further, when the thickness is 5 μm or less, no light leakage is observed at the black display in the normally white display mode.

As another example, the case opposite to the above is also effective.

Even if C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (12), that is, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 (13), there is no change in the substantially triple structure of the pixel electrode. The same effect as described above can be obtained. When the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are made equal, S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) The area S _{NL1 of} the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element
And the area S of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element
_If the relation of _NL2 is S _NL1 > S _NL2 (14), the relation of the equation (13) is satisfied, the wide viewing angle and the high image quality are compatible, and the defect repair can be effectively performed. Second pixel electrode area when the first pixel electrode and the ratio to the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 which combines second pixel electrode of the S _LC2 and _{κ 2 κ 2 = S LC2 /} (S LC1 + S LC2) ... (15) above and Similarly, a preferable value of κ ₂ that satisfies both the high image quality and the wide viewing angle while satisfying the expression (13) and can more effectively repair the defect is 0.2 to 0.95, and more preferably 0. 3 to 0.9, more preferably 0.4 to 0.8
Therefore, ideally, it is between 0.5 and 0.7.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (12) or the relation (13) is satisfied.

C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) ... (16) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation (16), equation (12) equation (13) yields m ₂ <1 ... ( 17) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₂ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

The liquid crystal drive electrode of the present invention has a triple structure in which two pixel electrodes are sequentially arranged from the outside in the order of the second pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode. The contrast when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front is ensured mainly by the first pixel electrodes 905 and 1005, but the visually recognized image quality is obtained as an average of the entire liquid crystal drive electrodes.
When the viewing angle is shallow at the comparison point, the image quality compensation is performed by the first pixel electrode 90.
5, 1005, and when the viewing angle is deep, it is compensated by the second pixel electrodes 906, 1006.

The MIM type non-linear resistance element used in this embodiment is Ta, TaMo, TaW, T as the first conductor.
An alloy containing Ta as a component such as aSi or TaSiW, or an alloy containing Al or Al as a component can be used. It may be formed. Further, when these alloys or other conductors are used as the first conductor, the insulator may be silicon nitride formed by the sputtering method or the plasma CVD method, as in the other embodiments.

[Embodiment 6] Another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Similarly to FIG. 8 of the fifth embodiment, FIG.
The shapes of the MIM element formed on the substrate 101 side and the pixel electrode connected to the MIM element are shown. One liquid crystal driving electrode is a first pixel electrode 1105 and a second pixel electrode 1106.
Is divided into A conductor is formed on the first pixel electrode 1105.
A first MIM element 1111 which is a first non-linear resistance element having a structure in which insulators-conductors are sequentially stacked is connected, and conductors-insulators-are also connected to the second pixel electrode 1106.
A second MIM element 1110, which is a second nonlinear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially stacked, is connected. A plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes having such a structure are formed in a matrix on the first substrate side, and the optical state of the liquid crystal layer 109 sandwiched between the liquid crystal driving electrodes and the second substrate 102 is controlled for each liquid crystal driving electrode. Information can be displayed. The circumstances around this are exactly the same as the examples of the invention described in the first and fifth embodiments. The feature of the present invention shown in FIG.
6 surrounds the first pixel electrode 1105, and the second pixel electrode 1
A part of 106 extends inside the first pixel electrode 1105, and a part of the first pixel electrode 1105 extends inside the second pixel electrode 1106. This makes it easier to improve wide viewing angle characteristics and achieve high image quality, and increases the degree of freedom in design. In addition, since the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are intricately intertwined with each other, the point defect repairing ability is still superior to the inventions of the first and fifth embodiments. Since the conventional liquid crystal drive electrode typified by FIG. 16 is simply divided into two, when one pixel electrode is defective, it is visually recognized as a point defect. However, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 of the fifth embodiment or FIG. 10 of the present embodiment, since the divided two pixel electrodes are intricately intertwined with each other in the liquid crystal drive electrode, one pixel electrode of the provisional instruction is defective. Even so, the light corresponding to normal information and the light corresponding to abnormal information are mixed, and a fatal defect cannot be reached. In other words, the switching element is M
Regardless of whether the IM element is used or the TFT element is used, one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of two or more pixel electrodes to provide an automatic repair capability for point defects. In that case, if the plurality of divided pixel electrodes are intricately intertwined with each other, light mixing will surely occur and defect repair can be more effectively performed. Therefore, the invention shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment is superior in defect repair ability to the prior art represented by FIG. 16, and FIG. 8 of the fifth embodiment is further superior to FIG. For the same reason, FIG. 10 of this embodiment has a higher defect repair capability than FIG. This result becomes more remarkable as the liquid crystal display device has a larger liquid crystal driving electrode.

Next, it will be explained that the present invention is not only excellent in the automatic defect repairing ability, but also excellent in high image quality and high viewing angle characteristics. Now, the area of the first MIM element 1111 is S _NL1 , and the area of the second MIM element 1110 is S _NL2 , M.
When the insulator film thickness of the IM element is t _NL , the relative permittivity of the insulator is ε _NL , and the vacuum permittivity is ε _O , the capacitance C _NL1 of the first MIM element and the C _NL2 of the second MIM element are respectively _{C NL1 = ε O · ε NL} · S NL1 / t NL ... (1) a _{C NL2 = ε O · ε NL} · S NL2 / t NL ... (2). On the other hand, the area of the first pixel electrode 1105 is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode 1106 is S _LC2 , the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, that is, the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate is t _LC , and the relative permittivity of the liquid crystal is ε. _{Assuming LC} , the liquid crystal capacitance C _LC1 corresponding to the first pixel electrode and the liquid crystal capacitance C _LC2 corresponding to the second pixel electrode are C _LC1 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _LC1 / t _LC (3) C _LC2 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _LC2 / t _LC (4)

As an example, if the relationship of C _LC1 / C _NL1 > C _LC2 / C _NL2 (5) is satisfied in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics, the contrast seen from the front is mainly due to the first pixel electrode 1105. Be big enough. Further, the second pixel electrode 1106 contributes to improving the contrast when viewed obliquely, and as a result, creates a wide viewing angle. Since a part of the second pixel electrode extends to the inside of the first pixel electrode and a part of the first pixel electrode extends to the inside of the second pixel electrode and are intricately intertwined with each other, the viewing angle characteristic Is averaged and the same contrast is obtained over a wide angle. This is particularly noticeable when the halftone display screen is viewed obliquely, and it is very effective in preventing the negative / positive inversion (black / white inversion) of the screen over a wider angle than in FIG. 8 of the fifth embodiment. is there.
Similar to the first and fifth embodiments, the formula (5) is replaced by the formulas (1) to
By substituting (4) and rearranging, it follows that S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) and the above effect can be obtained by simply changing the area ratio. Needless to say, the present invention can be realized without changing the photomask when patterning the liquid crystal drive electrode, without complicating the structure and the process as compared with the prior art. In the example of the invention shown in FIG. 10, no special consideration is given to the relationship between the area of the first pixel electrode and the area of the second pixel electrode. However, the magnitude relationship between the pixel areas depends on the type of liquid crystal and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. , Is optimized based on the applied voltage range used. However, as described in the other embodiments, the present invention can improve both the high image quality and the wide viewing angle, and at the same time, automatically repair the defect. From the viewpoint of such defect repair, it is preferable that the area of the first pixel electrode 1105 and the area of the second pixel electrode 1106 are equal. If one of the pixel electrode areas is significantly larger than the other pixel electrode area, when the MIM element connected to the larger pixel electrode becomes defective, the pixel electrode connected to the surviving normal MIM element is significantly smaller. This is because defect repair cannot be performed effectively for that reason. That is, it is preferable that the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are the same from the viewpoint of achieving both a wide viewing angle and high image quality and more effectively repairing defects.

S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) At this time, the relationship between the area S _NL1 of the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element and the area S _NL2 of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element is shown. When S _NL1 <S _NL2 (8), the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) is satisfied, and the above-described effect can be realized. The liquid crystal drive electrode of the present invention is divided into two pixel electrodes, a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and a part of the second pixel electrode surrounding the outside of the first pixel electrode is inside the first pixel electrode. Since the first pixel electrode extends and the part of the first pixel electrode extends inside the second pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, It has a quadruple structure of one pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a first pixel electrode. The double portion of the quadruple structure is occupied by the first pixel electrode, and the remaining double portion is occupied by the second pixel electrode. That is, one liquid crystal drive electrode is formed by two pixel electrodes, each of which is approximately half. As described above, it is preferable that the area of the first pixel electrode and the area of the second pixel electrode are the same from the viewpoint of repairing the defect. Above a first pixel electrode area S area combined first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode of _LC1 S _LC1 + S when the ratio a kappa ₁ for _LC2 κ ₁ = S _LC1 / similar _{(S LC1 + S LC2) ...} ( 9) A preferable value of κ ₁ that achieves both high image quality and a wide viewing angle and can repair defects more effectively is 0.1 to 0.9, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8, and further preferably 0.3 to 0.7, ideally between 0.4 and 0.6.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (5) or the relation (6) is satisfied.

C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) ... (10) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation (10), the equation (5) and the equation (6) are m ₁ <1 ... ( 11) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₁ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

When the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes as in this embodiment, the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes plays an important role in obtaining high image quality, which is also the same as in the other embodiments. . This is exactly the same as the situation described in detail in the first embodiment. If the separation distance d is 10 μm or less, the deterioration of contrast hardly becomes a problem, and if it is 7 μm or less, the deterioration of contrast is not recognized at all. Further, when the thickness is 5 μm or less, no light leakage is observed at the black display in the normally white display mode.

As another example, the case opposite to the above case is also effective.

Even if C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (12), that is, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 (13), the substantial quadruple structure of the pixel electrode remains unchanged. Therefore, the same effect as described above can be obtained. When the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are made equal, S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) The area S _{NL1 of} the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element
And the area S of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element
_If the relation of _NL2 is S _NL1 > S _NL2 (14), the relation of the equation (13) is satisfied, the wide viewing angle and the high image quality are compatible, and the defect repair can be effectively performed. Second pixel electrode area when the first pixel electrode and the ratio to the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 which combines second pixel electrode of the S _LC2 and _{κ 2 κ 2 = S LC2 /} (S LC1 + S LC2) ... (15) above and Similarly, a preferable value of κ ₂ that achieves both high image quality and a wide viewing angle and can repair defects more effectively is 0.1 to 0.9.
And more preferably 0.2 to 0.8, further preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and ideally 0.4 to 0.6.
Between

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (12) or the relation (13) is satisfied.

C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) ... (16) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation (16), equation (12) equation (13) yields m ₂ <1 ... ( 17) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₂ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

The liquid crystal driving electrode of the present invention is substantially a quadruple structure in which two pixel electrodes are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the second pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the first pixel electrode. There is. The contrast when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front is secured mainly by the first pixel electrode 1105, but the visually recognized image quality is obtained as an average of the entire liquid crystal drive electrodes. The image quality compensation when the viewing angle is shallow at the comparison point is performed by the first pixel electrode 1105, and is compensated by the second pixel electrode 1106 when the viewing angle becomes deep. When the viewing angle becomes deeper, the image quality compensation is performed again by the first pixel electrode 1105. At the deepest depth, the second pixel electrode 1106 performs the second image quality compensation. In this embodiment, the pixel electrode shape shown in FIG. 10 has been discussed as an example, but from the viewpoint of compatibility of high image quality and high viewing angle and ability of automatic defect repair, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode surrounding it are It is preferable that the intertwining is more complicated.

The MIM type non-linear resistance element used in this embodiment has Ta, TaMo, TaW, T as the first conductor.
An alloy containing Ta as a component such as aSi or TaSiW, or an alloy containing Al or Al as a component can be used. It may be formed. Further, when these alloys or other conductors are used as the first conductor, the insulator may be silicon nitride formed by the sputtering method or the plasma CVD method, as in the other embodiments.

[Embodiment 7] Another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 shows one liquid crystal drive electrode composed of a MIM element which is a non-linear resistance element formed on the first substrate side and a plurality of (four in the example of FIG. 11) concentric pixel electrodes. The MIM element, which is a non-linear resistance element, has a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and one MIM element is connected to each pixel electrode. A plurality of such MIM elements and liquid crystal driving electrodes are formed in a matrix on the first substrate side, and the optical state of the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second substrate and the second substrate is controlled for each liquid crystal driving electrode. Can be displayed. The feature of the invention shown in FIG. 11 is that one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of concentric pixel electrodes, and each concentric pixel electrode is provided with a non-linear resistance element. In fact, in the example of FIG. 11, one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into four, that is, the first pixel electrode 1211, the second pixel electrode 1212, the third pixel electrode 1213, and the fourth pixel electrode 1214 in order from the inside, and each pixel electrode has One MIM
The element 1201, the second MIM element 1202, the third MIM element 1203, and the fourth MIM element 1204 are connected. In the example of FIG. 11, the number of divided liquid crystal driving electrodes is 4, but this number may be any number as long as it is plural. The case where the number of divisions is 2 corresponds to the invention described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. As will be described later, the higher the number of divisions, the higher the image quality that can be obtained over a wide viewing angle. It will be close. This is because, if such a situation occurs, light leakage and a decrease in contrast cannot be avoided even if the separation distance between the provisional pixel electrodes is small. Therefore, the maximum number of divisions of the liquid crystal drive electrode is preferably such that the minimum width of each pixel electrode is about three times the separation distance or more. For example, if the size of the liquid crystal drive electrode is 150 μm in the vertical direction and 100 μm in the horizontal direction, the MIM
When the width of the element (described by W in FIG. 11) is 10 μm and the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is 2.5 μm, the minimum width of each pixel electrode is about 3 times the separation distance, so 2.5 μm × 3 = 7.
It is about 5 μm. The minimum pitch of the separation distance 2.5 μm and the minimum pixel electrode width 7.5 μm is 10 μm.
Therefore, in this example, the maximum number of divisions is 4, as shown in FIG. As long as these conditions are satisfied, the pixel division does not cause a decrease in contrast or light leakage due to the pixel electrode separation region.

When the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a plurality of concentric pixel electrodes as in the present invention, the defect repairing is performed very effectively first. For example, in FIG. 11, the first MIM element 12
This is because, even if 01 is defective and the first pixel electrode 1211 does not display correct information, this defect can be compensated by other normal MIM elements and pixel electrodes. If the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n concentric pixel electrodes, the contribution of each pixel electrode to the whole is about 1 / n. Therefore, the larger the number of divisions, the smaller the deviation from normal information display when one pixel electrode becomes defective. In addition, if the separation distance of the pixel electrodes is about 1 μm or less, the maximum width of each pixel electrode is 5 μm.
If the thickness is about μm or less, even if one MIM element is defective, the liquid crystal drive electrode including the defective element can display almost exactly the same correct information. In the example of FIG. 11, it is assumed that the maximum width w _max of each pixel electrode is 5 μm and the separation distance d is 1 μm. Consider a situation in which the third MIM element 1203 is defective and no potential is applied to the third pixel electrode 1213.
In this case, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, one MIM element is connected to one liquid crystal drive electrode, which naturally causes a pixel defect. Also, in the present invention, if w _max is extremely large, the liquid crystal sandwiched between the third pixel electrode 1213 and the second substrate does not respond at all, and about 1% of the liquid crystal corresponding to this liquid crystal drive electrode is not responded.
/ N does not have a normal optical state. (The defect is repaired because the ratio of the most abnormal component is about 1 / n.) However, if the maximum width of each pixel electrode is about 5 μm or less, the second pixel that operates normally in this example The distance between the electrode 1212 and the fourth pixel electrode 1214 is about 7 μm, and almost the same information is provided to these two pixel electrodes. Although the role played by the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes has been described in the first embodiment, the defective third pixel electrode 1213 has exactly the same principle.
The upper liquid crystal also responds normally, and as a result, the liquid crystal drive electrodes can display almost exactly the same information. In order for such an action to work effectively, it is necessary that the maximum width of each pixel electrode is small. On the other hand, as described above, the separation distance between the pixel electrodes is preferably ⅓ or less of the minimum width of the pixel electrodes in view of problems such as contrast and light leakage. As an example, when the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 1 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is 3 μm or more and the maximum pixel electrode width is 5 μm or less. When the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 0.5 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is 1.5 μm or more and the maximum pixel electrode width is about 6 μm or less. When the separation distance is as small as 0.5 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is 2.5
More preferably, the maximum pixel electrode width is 4 μm or less, and the maximum pixel electrode width is 4 μm or less. Similarly, if the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 0.1 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is 0.3 μm or more and the maximum pixel electrode width is 6.8 μm or less. If the minimum pixel electrode width is at least three times the separation distance, the larger the more preferable in terms of contrast and light leakage. The maximum pixel electrode width is about 7 μm, which is the maximum pixel electrode width plus twice the separation distance. The smaller the size, the higher the defect repair capability. Therefore, the smaller the separation distance, the better. However, since the upper limit of the visible light wavelength is about 0.8 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is still 0.
About 8 μm or more is required. That is, when the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 0.1 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is more preferably 0.8 μm or more, further preferably 1.5 μm or more, and ideally 2.5 μm or more. On the other hand, the maximum pixel electrode width at this time is more preferably 4.8 μm or less, desirably 3.8 μm or less, and ideally 2.8 μm or less. When the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 0.1 μm and the minimum pixel electrode width and the maximum pixel electrode width are both 2.8 μm, the minimum pitch is 3.0 μm, and in the example of the liquid crystal driving electrode width of 100 μm, one liquid crystal is used. The drive electrode can be divided into 13 to 14 concentric pixel electrodes. It is preferable that the number of divisions into concentric pixel electrodes is large from the viewpoints of the above-mentioned automatic defect repair capability and the simultaneous improvement of high image quality and high viewing angle described later. A display device is realized.

Next, n liquid crystal driving electrodes (n ≧ 2 integer)
And the area of the i-th (i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n) concentric pixel electrode is S _LCi ,
_Assuming that the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the concentric pixel electrode is S _NLi , high image quality and high viewing angle can be obtained unless all n S _{L Ci} / S _NLi are the same. To do. As described in detail in Example 1, the values of n S _LCi / S _NLi are equal to n C _LCi / C _NLi , respectively. Here, C _LCi is the capacitance of the liquid crystal controlled by the i-th concentric pixel electrode, and C _NLi is the MI provided on the i-th concentric pixel electrode.
It is the capacitance of the M-type non-linear resistance element. Therefore, n S _LCi
If the value of / S _NLi differs even one, then n C _LCi /
This is because the value of C _NLi differs correspondingly and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. Since each pixel electrode has the same concentric shape, the viewing angle characteristics are improved when viewed from any direction. In principle, if there are at least two values of n S _LCi / S _NLi , the viewing angle characteristics will be improved as compared with the conventional example. However, in order to obtain a wider viewing angle characteristic, it is preferable that there are as many kinds of n S _{LC i} / S _NLi values as possible, and if possible, all n values are different. Is desired.
In general, these values are easily achieved because they only need to change area. In the example of FIG. 11, the first MIM element 120
1 and the second MIM element 1202 and the third MIM element 1203
The fourth MIM element 1204 and the fourth MIM element 1204 all have the same element area. That is, S _NL1 = S _NL2 = S _NL3 = S _LN4 (28) On the other hand, the area of each concentric pixel electrode is S _LC1 <S _LC2 <S _LC3 <S _LC4 (29). Therefore, the area ratio is S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 <S _LC3 / S _NL3 <S _LC4 / S _NL4 (30) and the four S _LCi / S _NLi values are all different, and this ratio is It becomes smaller toward the inner concentric pixel electrodes. In this case, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal controlled by the fourth pixel electrode 1214 becomes maximum, and the contrast when viewed from the front is determined by the fourth pixel electrode 1214. When the viewing angle deviates from the front, the pixel electrodes on the inner side sequentially perform contrast compensation. That is, when the viewing angle is relatively shallow, 1213 mainly performs contrast compensation on the third pixel electrode, and when the viewing angle becomes larger than that, the pixel electrode mainly performing contrast compensation moves to the second pixel electrode 1212, Becomes larger, the first pixel electrode 1211 mainly takes charge of contrast compensation. As shown in this example, each pixel electrode area divided and M connected to the pixel electrode are divided.
A wider viewing angle can be obtained if the ratio S _LCi / S _NLi to the area of the IM non-linear resistance element is different. Furthermore, it is preferable that the change of the ratio changes monotonically from the outside to the inside as shown in this example. That is, the innermost pixel electrode is the first pixel electrode, and the MIM non-linear resistance element connected to it is named the first MIM element. When the pixel electrode and the MIM non-linear resistance element are the nth pixel electrode and the nth MIM element, respectively, S _LCi / S _NLi <S _{LCi + 1} / S _{NLi + 1} (31) or S _LCi / S _NLi > It is preferable that S _{LCi + 1} / S _{NLi + 1} (32). Where i is 1 to n-
It is an arbitrary integer between 1. I in equation (31) is 1, 2,
By substituting 3, the relationship of equation (30) shown in the previous example is obtained, and the value of S _LCi / S _NLi becomes smaller _{toward the} inner side. On the contrary, in the case of (32), S _LCi / S _NLi becomes smaller _{toward the} outside. In this case, the contrast compensation from the front is performed by the innermost first pixel electrode, and the contrast compensation when the viewing angle becomes deeper is sequentially taken over by the outer pixel electrode, and when the viewing angle becomes deepest, the contrast compensation becomes the most. The contrast is compensated by the nth pixel electrode located outside. Such a relationship can be obtained by adjusting the width of each pixel electrode or adjusting the area of the second conductor of the MIM element portion. . As shown in the example of FIG. 11, if S _NLi = S _{NLi + 1} (33) (i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n−1) and all non-linear resistance element areas are equal, S _LCi <S _{LCi + 1} (34) satisfies the equation (31), and S _LCi > S _{LCi + 1} (35) satisfies the equation (32). As described above, the high image quality and the wide viewing angle can be obtained by the expressions (34) and (35). In this way, when all the element areas are made equal and the pixel electrode area is changed to obtain a wide viewing angle, the largest pixel electrode automatically has the maximum value of S _LCi / S _NLi . That (34) up to n-th pixel electrode area S _LCn to the outermost when in relation satisfying equation of the resulting value of n S _LCi / S _NLi, maximum S _LCn / S _NLn Becomes Similarly, when there is a relationship satisfying the expression (35), the innermost first pixel electrode area S _LC1 is the maximum, and S _LC1 / S _NL1 of the n S _LCi / S _NLi is the maximum. Since the contrast from the front is obtained by the largest one _{among the} n S _LCi / S _NLi , the largest concentric pixel electrode guarantees the pixel from the front. According to the present invention, a high image quality and a wide viewing angle can be easily compatible, but in the case where the image quality from the front is particularly important, satisfying (33) to (35) in this way enables the most use condition. This is because high image quality can be reliably obtained.

Up to this point, the MIM element area is the same and the pixel electrode area is different to obtain high image quality and a wide viewing angle.
Of course, the reverse is also possible. That is, the area of each pixel electrode is made equal and the area of the MIM element is made different. As before,
Divide one liquid crystal drive electrode into n concentric pixel electrodes,
When the number from the innermost to the nth is defined from the inner side to the outer side, all pixel electrode areas become equal due to S _LCi = S _{LCi + 1} (36). However, also in this case, i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n-1. Further, if S _NLi > S _{NLi + 1} (37), the relational expression (31) is obtained, and if S _NLi <S _{NLi + 1} (38), the relational expression (32) is obtained. In the expression (37), the area of the first MIM element located on the innermost side is the largest, the area of the outer MIM element is smaller, and the area of the nth MIM element located on the outermost side is the smallest. (3
The expression (8) is opposite to this and represents that the inner MIM element is smaller than the outer MIM element. In the liquid crystal display device in which the area of the pixel electrodes is made equal by making the areas of the MIM elements different, the viewing angle characteristics are remarkably improved. The pixel electrode connected to the smallest MIM element guarantees the image quality from the front, and the largest MIM.
This is because the pixel electrode to which the element is connected guarantees the contrast when the viewing angle is the deepest. The fact that the pixel electrode areas are all the same means that the image quality from the front and the image quality from the deep viewing angle are the same without any correction. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device that satisfies the relationships (36) to (38) described here is most suitable for a device that requires a wide viewing angle. At the same time, the liquid crystal display device has an effective automatic defect repair capability. Since the area of each pixel electrode is the same, the deviation from normal information is always 1 no matter which pixel electrode is defective.
This is because it becomes / n.

Whether the MIM element areas are the same and the pixel electrode areas are different, the pixel electrode areas are the same and the MIM element areas are different, or the area ratio (S _{LC i} / S _NLi It is preferable that the area ratio changes monotonically from the inner side to the outer side regardless of whether the area ratio is smaller toward the inner side or conversely smaller than the outer side as in the expression (32). The contrast characteristic of the liquid crystal display device changes monotonously and continuously as the viewing angle becomes deeper. Therefore, if the concentric pixel electrodes, which mainly perform the contrast compensation, make a monotonous continuous change, the image quality can be guaranteed with a naturally smooth feeling. In that sense, the larger the number of divisions of one liquid crystal drive electrode into n concentric pixel electrodes, the better. If the number of divisions is small, the concentric pixel electrodes that mainly perform contrast compensation show stepwise changes, but if the number of divisions is large, it approaches a continuous change. If the number of divisions n is very large, it is possible to determine each area ratio substantially continuously so as to match the continuously changing viewing angle dependence of contrast, and it is also possible to eliminate the viewing angle dependence of contrast. It will be possible.
In order to obtain a high image quality and a wide viewing angle more reliably, it is important to increase the number of divisions n as much as possible and monotonically change the area ratio from the inside to the outside.

The MIM type non-linear resistance element used in this example is Ta, TaMo, TaW, T as the first conductor.
An alloy containing Ta as a component such as aSi or TaSiW, or an alloy containing Al or Al as a component can be used. It may be formed. Further, when these alloys or other conductors are used as the first conductor, the insulator may be silicon nitride formed by the sputtering method or the plasma CVD method, as in the other embodiments.

[Embodiment 8] Another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. 12 and 13 show the shapes of the switching element formed on the first substrate side and the pixel electrode connected to the switching element. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix on the side of the first substrate for driving liquid crystal, and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. One liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode to form a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel. A second switching element is connected to the electrode. Furthermore, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other. In this embodiment, the MIM type non-linear resistance element is used as the switching element. However, since the first feature of the present invention is such a pixel electrode shape, other switching elements such as a TFT element can be used as the switching element. There is. In FIG. 12, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other in the horizontal direction, and in FIG. 13, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in the vertical direction. They are in mesh with each other. As described in Embodiment 2 with reference to FIG. 3, when a high viewing angle is required in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction of the liquid crystal display screen, the two comb-teeth pixel electrodes are horizontally moved as shown in FIG. Engage. On the contrary, when a high viewing angle is required in the horizontal (left or right or horizontal) direction of the liquid crystal display screen, the two comb-teeth pixel electrodes are engaged with each other in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. One liquid crystal drive electrode is a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode 1311, 1331, 1411, 1431 and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode 1312, 1332, 1412, 1432.
Is divided into The first non-linear resistance element (first MI), which is a first switching element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator, and a conductor are sequentially stacked on the comb-shaped first pixel electrode 1311.
M element) 1301 is connected to the second non-linear resistance element (first element) which is a second switching element having a structure in which a conductor-insulator-conductor is sequentially laminated on the comb-teeth second pixel electrode 1312. Two MIM elements) 1302 are connected. Similarly, the first MIM element 1321 is connected to the comb-shaped first pixel electrode 1331 and the comb-shaped second pixel electrode 1 is connected.
The second MIM element 1322 is connected to 332.
Further, the first MIM element 1 is formed on the comb-shaped first pixel electrode 1411.
401 is connected, and the second MIM element 1402 is connected to the comb-shaped second pixel electrode 1412. Furthermore, the first MIM element 1421 is connected to the comb-teeth first pixel electrode 1431, and the second MIM element 1422 is connected to the comb-teeth second pixel electrode 1432. By forming a plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes configured in this way in a matrix on the first substrate side, and controlling the optical state of the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the second substrate and each liquid crystal driving electrode. Information can be displayed. The situation around this is exactly the same as the example of the invention described in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 12 and 1
A feature of the invention shown in FIG. 3 is that the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode mesh with each other to form one liquid crystal drive electrode, and each pixel electrode is provided with an independent switching element. There is. As a result, automatic repair of point defects is effectively performed. As described in Embodiment 6 with reference to FIG. 10, when one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into two pixel electrodes to provide the automatic defect repair capability, the divided two pixel electrodes are intricately entangled with each other. Better. This is because the light that has passed through the two pixel electrodes is mixed. For example, consider a situation in which, when trying to display black in the normally white display mode, one of the switching elements is defective and the potential corresponding to the black display is not applied to the switching element. In the conventional liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 16, since light mixing does not occur at all, the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode connected to the defective element transmits light straightly, which is actually a small bright spot defect. However, in the present invention, since light mixing occurs, white corresponding to a defective pixel and black corresponding to a normal pixel are mixed to form an intermediate gray. Of course, since the information that should be displayed correctly is black in this example, the gray display strictly means that the defect information is displayed. However, in practical use of the liquid crystal display device, there is a difference between small bright spot defects and gray display. This is because the bright spot defects are very conspicuous and fatal, but the gray defects cannot be usually found unless careful attention is paid. That is, the present invention is limited and effectively repairs defects automatically. The relationship between the width w of the comb teeth of the comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode and the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes, and the number of comb teeth that mesh with each other (two comb teeth mesh with each other in the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13). ) Is the same as the relationship between the minimum width and the maximum width w _{max of} the concentric pixel electrodes, the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes, and the number of divided pixel electrodes described in Embodiment 7 with reference to FIG. 11. That is, the minimum width of the comb teeth needs to be three times or more the pixel electrode separation distance d in order to prevent light leakage and deterioration of contrast. Similarly to the above, if the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is 10 μm or less, the deterioration of the contrast hardly occurs, and if it is 7 μm or less, the deterioration of the contrast is not recognized at all. 5μ more
When it is less than m, no light leakage is observed at the time of black display in the normally white display mode. If the separation distance between pixel electrodes is about 1 μm or less and the maximum width of each comb tooth is about 5 μm or less, even if one of the provisional MIM elements is defective,
Due to the other MIM element and the comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode connected thereto, the liquid crystal drive electrode including the defective element can display almost the same correct information. The circumstances around this are the same as in Example 7. That is, as an example, when the separation distance between the pixel electrodes is 1 μm, the minimum width of the comb teeth is 3 μm or more and the maximum width is 5 μm or less. Alternatively, when the separation distance between the pixel electrodes is 0.5 μm, the minimum width of the comb teeth is 1.5 μm or more and the maximum width is about 5 μm or less. When the separation distance is as small as 0.5 μm, it is more preferable to set the minimum width of the comb teeth to 1.5 μm or more and the maximum electrode width to 4 μm or less. Similarly, if the separation distance between pixel electrodes is 0.1 μm, the minimum width is 0.3 μm or more and the maximum width is 3.8 μm or less. If the minimum width of the comb teeth is at least 3 times the separation distance, the larger the comb width, the better from the viewpoint of contrast and light leakage. The maximum width is less than about 7 μm when the value obtained by adding twice the separation distance to the maximum width. The smaller the size, the higher the defect repair ability. Therefore, the smaller the separation distance, the better. As described above, since the upper limit of the visible light wavelength is about 0.8 μm, the minimum pixel electrode width is still 0.
About 8 μm or more is required. After all, when the separation distance between the pixel electrodes is 0.1 μm, the minimum width of the comb teeth is more preferably 0.8 μm or more, further preferably 1.5 μm or more, and ideally 2.5 μm or more. On the other hand, the maximum width at this time is more preferably 4.8 μm or less, and desirably 3.8 μm.
Below, ideally, it is 2.8 μm or less.

This makes it easier to improve wide viewing angle characteristics and achieve high image quality, and increases the degree of freedom in design. In addition, since the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are alternately engaged with each other, the point defect repairing ability is still superior to the invention of the first embodiment.

Now, as in the above discussion, the area of the first MIM elements 1301, 1321, 1401, 1421 is set to S.
_NL1 , second MIM elements 1302, 1322, 1402
The area of 1422 is S _NL2 , and the insulator film thickness of the MIM element is t.
_NL, the relative dielectric constant of the insulator epsilon _NL, when the dielectric constant of vacuum and epsilon _O, respectively the capacitance C _NL1 of the first MIM element capacitance C _NL2 of the second MIM _{element, C NL1 = ε O · ε} NL S _NL1 / t _NL (1) C _NL2 = ε _O · ε _NL · S _NL2 / t _NL (2) On the other hand, comb-shaped first pixel electrodes 1311 and 1331,
The areas of 1411 and 1431 are S _LC1 , and the areas of the comb-shaped second pixel electrodes 1312, 1332, 1412 and 1432 are S _LC1 .
_LC2, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, namely a liquid crystal capacitor C _LC1 corresponding to the first substrate and the gap t _LC of the second substrate, when the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal and epsilon _LC comb-shaped first pixel electrode comb-like The liquid crystal capacitance C _LC2 corresponding to the second pixel electrode is C _LC1 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 1} / t _LC (3) C _LC2 = ε _O · ε _LC · S _{LC 2} / t _LC (4) Become.

As an example, if the relationship of C _LC1 / C _NL1 > C _LC2 / C _NL2 (5) is satisfied in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics, the contrast seen from the front is mainly the comb-shaped first pixel electrode. 1311,1331,1
411 and 1431 make it sufficiently large. Further, the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrodes 1312, 1332, 1412, 1432 contribute to improving the contrast when viewed from an oblique direction,
As a result, a wide viewing angle is created. Since the two comb-teeth pixel electrodes mesh with each other, the viewing angle characteristics are averaged and the same contrast can be obtained over a wide angle. This is particularly noticeable when the halftone display screen is viewed obliquely, and has a great effect in preventing negative / positive inversion (black / white inversion) of the screen over a wide angle. As in the case of Example 1, by substituting equations (1) to (4) into equation (5) and arranging, S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) You can see the effect. Compared with the conventional technique, it can be realized by only changing the photomask when patterning the liquid crystal drive electrode without complicating the structure and process. As described in the first embodiment, the present invention not only improves both high image quality and wide viewing angle, but also if one pixel electrode is defective, it is automatically repaired by the other pixel. It also has the advantage of. From the viewpoint of such defect repair, the area of the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrodes 1311, 1331, 1411, 1431 and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrodes 1312, 1332, 1412, 1
It is preferable that the areas of 432 are equal. If one of the pixel electrode areas is significantly larger than the other pixel electrode area, when the MIM element connected to the larger pixel electrode becomes defective, the pixel electrode connected to the surviving normal MIM element is significantly smaller. This is because defect repair cannot be performed effectively for that reason. That is, it is preferable that the comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrode area S _LC1 is equal to the comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrode area S _LC2 from the viewpoint of achieving both a wide viewing angle and high image quality and more effectively repairing defects.

S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) At this time, the relationship between the area S _NL1 of the first MIM element which is the first nonlinear resistance element and the area S _NL2 of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element is shown. When S _NL1 <S _NL2 (8), the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 (6) is satisfied, and the above-described effect can be realized. When both the MIM element area and the comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode area are optimized, the combined area S _LC1 of the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode area S _{LC1 and} the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode area S _{LC1 Assuming} that the ratio to + S _LC2 is κ ₁ , κ ₁ = S _LC1 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) ... (9) A preferable value of κ ₁ that achieves both high image quality and a wide viewing angle and can repair defects more effectively is 0. 0.1 to 0.9, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8, still more preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and ideally 0.4 to 0.6.

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (5) or the relation (6) is satisfied.

C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) ... (10) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation (10), the equation (5) and the equation (6) are m ₁ <1 ... ( 11) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₁ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

As another example, the case opposite to the above case is also effective.

Even if C _LC1 / C _NL1 <C _LC2 / C _NL2 (12), that is, S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 (13), the same effect as described above can be obtained. When the comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrode area S _LC1 and the comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrode area S _LC2 are equal, S _LC1 = S _LC2 (7) The area S of the first MIM element that is the first nonlinear resistance element _NL1
And the area S of the second MIM element which is the second nonlinear resistance element
_If the relation of _NL2 is S _NL1 > S _NL2 (14), the relation of the equation (13) is satisfied, the wide viewing angle and the high image quality are compatible, and the defect repair can be effectively performed. When the ratio comb-shaped second pixel electrode area S comb-shaped first pixel electrode and the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 the combined pectinate second pixel electrode of _LC2 and _{κ 2 κ 2 = S LC2 /} (S LC1 + S _LC2 ) (15) Similar to the above, a preferable value of κ ₂ that achieves both high image quality and a wide viewing angle and can repair defects more effectively is 0.1 to 0.9.
And more preferably 0.2 to 0.8, further preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and ideally 0.4 to 0.6.
Between

The viewing angle characteristic is improved when the relation (12) or the relation (13) is satisfied.

C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) ... (16) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation (16), equation (12) equation (13) yields m ₂ <1 ... ( 17) is described. At this time, the preferable range of the value of m ₂ is 0.00 considering the image quality, the MIM element structure, and the pixel electrode structure.
It is 1 to 0.999, more preferably 0.01 to 0.99, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, and ideally between 0.2 and 0.8.

The MIM type non-linear resistance element used in this embodiment is Ta, TaMo, TaW, T as the first conductor.
An alloy containing Ta as a component such as aSi or TaSiW, or an alloy containing Al or Al as a component can be used. It may be formed. Further, when these alloys or other conductors are used as the first conductor, the insulator may be silicon nitride formed by the sputtering method or the plasma CVD method, as in the other embodiments.

[Embodiment 9] Another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. 14 and 15 show the shapes of the switching elements formed on the first substrate side and the pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix on the side of the first substrate for driving liquid crystal, and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes. One liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode to form a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel. A second switching element is connected to the electrode. Furthermore, the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other. This example is different from Example 8 in that a TFT element is used as a switching element, but the effect provided by the interdigitated comb-shaped pixel electrodes, that is, the defect repair ability is exactly the same. Therefore, the relationship between the minimum width and the maximum width wmax of the comb-teeth pixel electrodes and the separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is the same as that described in detail in the eighth embodiment. Further, if the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode, the defect repair can be more effectively performed.

In FIG. 14, one liquid crystal drive electrode is a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode 1511 and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode 1512.
The first thin film transistor 1501 is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode 1511, and the second thin film transistor 1502 is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode 1512. Here, the first thin film transistor and the second thin film transistor are of the same conductivity type. Therefore, both the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor and the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor are connected to the common scanning line 152, and further, the source electrode of the first thin film transistor is applied to apply a common signal potential to the first and second pixel electrodes. The source electrode of the second thin film transistor is also connected to the common signal line 153. In the case of such a configuration, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is manufactured by the same manufacturing process as a conventional liquid crystal display device in which one liquid crystal drive electrode is composed of one pixel electrode and is switched by one thin film transistor, Furthermore, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be driven by the same driving method as in the prior art. In the end, it is possible to provide the above-mentioned effective automatic defect repair capability without adding any new load to the conventional technique.

On the other hand, in FIG. 15, one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode 1611 and a second pixel electrode 1612, a first thin film transistor 1601 is connected to the first pixel electrode 1611, and a second pixel electrode 1612. The second thin film transistor 1602 is connected to. Here, the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to the first scanning line 1621, and the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to the second scanning line 1622. The source electrode of the first thin film transistor and the source electrode of the second thin film transistor are connected to the common signal line 163. Further, the first thin film transistor 1601 and the second thin film transistor 16
02 are of opposite conductivity type. For example, if the first thin film transistor 1601 is of N type conductivity type, the second thin film transistor 1602 is of P type conductivity type.
Correspondingly, scan signals of opposite polarities are always applied to the first scan line and the second scan line at the same timing. According to the above example, when the scanning lines 1621 and 1622 are selected at the same time, a High signal potential is applied to the first scanning line to which the N-type TFT is connected and the N-type TFT 1601 is turned on, while the other P To the second scan line connected to the TFT
Is applied to turn on the P-type TFT 1602 as well. On the contrary, when these signal lines are unselected, a low signal potential is applied to the first scanning line to which the N-type TFT is connected, and Hi is applied to the second scanning line to which the P-type TFT is connected.
A signal potential of gh is applied and both TFTs are turned off. Both the first thin film transistor and the second thin film transistor are connected to the same signal line 163, and since the on-off is always performed at the same timing, the same signal potential is always applied to the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode. Is applied. In the present application, the switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrode in this manner has a CMOS structure. Therefore, the correct potential can be always applied to the liquid crystal drive electrode as a whole regardless of the polarity of the signal potential. For example, when a positive signal potential enters the signal line 163, the gate potential (V _gs ) is generated in the conventional liquid crystal display device in which the switching element is composed of only N-type TFTs.
Has decreased, and therefore the on-resistance of the transistor has increased, so that a correct potential cannot be applied to the liquid crystal drive electrode within a limited selection time. On the other hand, in the present invention, C
Since it has a MOS structure, one of the TFTs is always in a completely on state. According to the previous example, the gate potential of the N-type TFT is lowered and the on-resistance of the N-type TFT is increased, while the gate potential of the P-type TFT is increased and the on-resistance of the P-type TFT is minimized. Have become (P-type TFT
Is completely on). When a negative signal potential is applied to the signal line 163, the N-type TFT is completely turned on in the opposite of this example.
It becomes a state. In other words, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the on resistance of the TFT fluctuates according to the signal potential and correct information cannot be displayed, whereas in the present invention, the on resistance is averaged regardless of the signal potential. The fluctuation becomes small,
Therefore, the correct information can always be displayed. In addition, in the invention of the present application, light is mixed by the comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode (mixing of light modulated by the first pixel electrode and light modulated by the second pixel electrode). This makes it possible to always display the correct signal. Although it seems that using a CMOS TFT as the pixel switching element requires a new manufacturing process,
When a scanning line circuit or a signal line circuit is built in the substrate by a polycrystalline semiconductor (for example, poly-Si) TFT, CMO
Since the S circuit is usually employed, the present invention does not add any new process to such a liquid crystal display device. From such a viewpoint, it can be said that the present invention is particularly suitable for a liquid crystal display device in which a peripheral circuit (a part or all of a scanning line circuit, a signal line circuit, etc.) is built in a polycrystalline thin film semiconductor device.

When the first thin film transistor 1601 is of the N type conductivity type and the second thin film transistor 1602 is of the P type conductivity type, the area of the first pixel electrode 1611 connected to the first thin film transistor is the second pixel connected to the second thin film transistor. It is preferably larger than the area of the pixel electrode 1612. This is because the on resistance of the N-type TFT is smaller than the on-resistance of the P-type TFT when the N-type TFT and the P-type TFT have the same transistor size (channel length and width). By doing so, the averaging described above is further advanced, and more accurate information display is realized. Of course, the first pixel electrode 1611 and the second pixel electrode 1612
It is more preferable that the two are comb-shaped and mesh with each other because averaging due to light mixing can be achieved at the same time.

As described in detail in the above embodiments, when one liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes, it is desired that the pixel electrode areas are the same. This is because the self-repair ability of defects is further improved. Therefore N
It can be said that it is better to make the element characteristics the same by setting the two pixel electrode areas to be the same as the above method in which the difference in the on resistance between the p-type TFT and the p-type TFT is offset by the difference in the pixel electrode area. This is because the liquid crystal driving electrode is the first pixel electrode 161.
1 and a second pixel electrode 1612, and the first pixel electrode has an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor 160.
1 is connected, the second pixel electrode is connected to the second thin film transistor 1602 of P-type conductivity type, the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to the first scan line 1621, and the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is When connected to the two scanning lines 1622, the channel length of the first thin film transistor is L ₁ , the channel width is W ₁ , the channel length of the second thin film transistor is L ₂ , and the channel width is W ₂ , then W ₁ / L It is achieved by satisfying the relational expression ₁ <W ₂ / L ₂ . This is an N-type TFT
The difference between the channel conductances (electrical conductivity determined by mobility and threshold voltage) of the P-type TFT and the P-type TFT is adjusted by the channel dimensions (L and W) to make the on-resistances uniform. Normally, the channel conductance of the N-type TFT is larger than that of the P-type TFT, so the W / L of the N-type TFT is set to P as shown in the above relational expression.
If it is made smaller than W / L of the type TFT, the on currents of both TFTs can be made uniform, and therefore even if the area of the two pixel electrodes is the same, the potentials of the two pixel electrodes can be made equal. Of course, this is both TF due to layout reasons.
When the W of T is equal, the channel length of the first thin film transistor is longer than that of the second thin film transistor. Similarly, the channel width of the first thin film transistor may be narrower than the channel width of the second thin film transistor. It is ideal that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are in a comb-teeth shape and mesh with each other as shown in FIG. 15, and the areas of both are equal, but even if these conditions are not always satisfied, some effect is not obtained. Be expected.

[0124]

According to the present invention, the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode configured so as to surround the periphery of the first pixel electrode, and the first M is provided independently of each other.
By driving with the IM element and the second MIM element, the viewing angle characteristics from all directions are improved, and it becomes possible to repair defects. The areas of the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, the first MIM element, and the second MIM element are S _LC1 , S _LC2 ,
S _NL1 and S _NL2, and the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode and the liquid crystal driven by the second pixel electrode by changing the ratio of S _LC1 / S _{N L1} and S _LC2 / S _NL2. The effective voltage of the layers can be controlled separately, and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved. Further, by satisfying the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 , the first pixel electrode secures the contrast when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front, and the contrast when it is viewed obliquely is obtained. The liquid crystal display device having a high display quality can be realized by ensuring the second pixel electrode and preventing negative / positive inversion when the screen is viewed obliquely. By limiting the values of the coefficient m _{1 of the} expression (10) and the coefficient m ₂ of the expression (16), the viewing angle characteristics are significantly improved. Also, equations (7) and (8),
Alternatively, by satisfying the expressions (7) and (14), both the high viewing angle and the high image quality can be achieved, and the defect repair can be performed more effectively.
By limiting the numerical values of κ _{1 in the} equation (9) and κ ₂ in the equation (15), both a high viewing angle and high image quality can be achieved.

By satisfying the relationship of S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 , the contrast when the liquid crystal display device is viewed from the front is secured by the second pixel electrode, and the contrast when it is viewed obliquely is It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle, which is secured by one pixel electrode. These effects can be obtained by simply changing the area ratio, and can be realized by a simple means of changing the photomask without complicating the structure or process.

Further, by dividing one liquid crystal drive electrode into n pixel electrodes and driving each pixel electrode by an independent MIM element, the degree of freedom for improving the viewing angle characteristics can be widened. For example, when divided into n = 3, the areas of the pixel electrodes are S _LC1 , S _LC2 , and S _LC3, and the areas of the MIM elements that drive the respective pixel electrodes are S _NL1 and S _NL1 , respectively.
S _NL2 , S _NL3 , S _LC3 / S _NL3 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 > S _LC1 / S _NL1 or S _LC3 / S _NL3 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 <S _LC1 / S _NL1 or S _LC3 / S _NL3 = _SLC1 / _SNL1 < _SLC2 / _SLC2 or _SLC3 / _SNL3 < _SLC1 / _SNL1 < _SLC2 / _SNL2 or _SLC1 / _SNL1 < _SLC3 / _SNL3 < _SLC2 / _SNL2 By satisfying either of the relationships, the viewing angle characteristics can be dramatically improved. Furthermore, the liquid crystal drive electrode is not limited to three divisions,
Greater effect can be expected by dividing into n, especially 25cm diagonal used for PC or EWS.
When applied to a large liquid crystal display device having a size of about 50 cm, it is possible to solve the problem that the contrast and color tone are different between the upper and lower parts of the screen even when the eyes are fixed.

Further, the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into two, and the thickness of the insulator of the two MIM elements that drive each independently is changed to control the non-linear characteristic, and as a result, the viewing angle characteristic is improved. Is possible. Alternatively, by changing not only the thickness of the insulator of the MIM element but also the area thereof at the same time, the degree of freedom in improving the viewing angle characteristics can be greatly expanded.

Further, when the insulator of the MIM element is formed by the anodic oxidation method, the insulators of the two MIM elements can be anodized with different kinds of solutions to control the non-linear characteristics of the insulator. The same effect as can be expected.

By dividing the liquid crystal driving electrode into two and coupling the divided liquid crystal driving electrodes with the MIM element, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer can be controlled separately, and the diagonal characteristics can be improved.

Further, the liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes, and the light modulated by each pixel electrode is effectively mixed, whereby the defect repairing ability and the gradation display characteristic are remarkably improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a conventional liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of Example 3 at the time of anodic oxidation according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to Example 8.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to Example 8.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a ninth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention according to a ninth embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a conventional liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

101, 201, 401, 601, 701 ... First substrate 102, 202, 402, 702 ... Second substrate 103, 203, 403, 703 ... First conductor 104, 204, 404, 705 ... Insulator 105, 407, 507, 706, 905, 1005,
1105, 1211, 1703 ... First pixel electrodes 106, 406, 508, 707, 906, 1006,
1106, 1212, 1704 ... Second pixel electrode 1213 ... Third pixel electrode 1214 ... Fourth pixel electrode 1311, 1331, 1411, 1431, 1511,
1611 ... Comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrodes 1312, 1332, 1412, 1432, 1512,
1612 ... Comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrodes 108, 206, 708, 802 ... Data lines 109, 112, 113, 114, 207, 409, 4
15, 416, 417, 709, 806, 807 ... Liquid crystal layer 111, 410, 509, 710, 803, 911, 1
011, 1111, 1201, 1301, 1321, 1
401, 1421, 1705 ... First MIM element 110, 411, 510, 711, 804, 910, 1
010, 1110, 1202, 1302, 1322, 1
402, 1422, 1706 ... Second MIM element 1203 ... Third MIM element 1204 ... Fourth MIM element 205 ... Liquid crystal drive electrode 208 ... MIM element 405 ... Third pixel electrode 412, 712, 805 ... Third MIM element 408, 506 , 801 ... Scan wiring 413, 414 ... Arrows 501, 602 ... First data line 502, 603 ... Second data line 503 ... First insulator 504 ... Second insulator 511, 604 ... Terminal area 505 ... Pad electrode 605 ... First anodizing pad 606 ... Second anodizing pad 607, 608 ... Dashed line 704 ... Third conductor 1015, 1016 ... Second conductor 1701 ... Counter electrode 1702 ... Wiring 1501, 1601 ... First thin film transistor 1502, 1602 ... Two thin film transistors 152 ... Scanning line 153 ... Signal line 1621 ... First査線 1622 ... second scan line 163 ... signal line

Claims (73)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device including a non-linear resistance element and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrode includes a first pixel electrode and a periphery of the first pixel electrode. And a second non-linear resistance element for driving the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, respectively. Characteristic liquid crystal display device. 2. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element area is S _NL1. , S _NL2 , the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. 1. The liquid crystal display device according to 1. 3. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C _NL1. , C _NL2 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode is C _LC1 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode is C _{L C2,} and C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ ( C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim ₁ , wherein when the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation, the value range of m ₁ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 4. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element area is S _NL1. , S _NL2 , the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 5. An area S of the first pixel electrode area S _{LC1 which} is a combination of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
_The ratio to _LC1 + S _LC2 is κ ₁ (κ ₁ = S _LC1 / (S _LC1 + S
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the value of κ _{1 is in} the range of 0.1 to 0.9 when expressed as _{LC 2} ). 6. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and each non-linear resistance element area is S _NL1 , When S _NL2 , the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. The described liquid crystal display device. 7. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C _NL1 , and C _NL2, the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer to be driven by the first pixel electrode C _LC1, the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode and _{C L C2, C LC1 / C} NL1 = m 2 (C _LC2 / _CNL2 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein when the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the value range of m ₂ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 8. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element area is S _NL1 , When S _NL2 , the area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , and the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied. The described liquid crystal display device. 9. When the ratio of first pixel electrode and the area S _LC1 + S _LC2 which combines second pixel electrode of the second pixel electrode area S _LC2 was _{κ 2, κ 2 = S LC2} / (S LC1 + S The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the value of _LC2 ) κ ₂ is between 0.1 and 0.9. 10. A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystals as one of constituent elements, wherein each of the liquid crystal driving electrodes is divided into a plurality of pixel electrodes. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that a separation distance d between the pixel electrodes is 10 μm or less. 11. A plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a conductor-insulator-
In a liquid crystal display device including a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially stacked, n (n ≧ 2) liquid crystal drive electrodes are provided in a direction in which a wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device is required. The pixel electrode is divided into (integer) pixel electrodes, and each pixel electrode is provided with a non-linear resistance element, and the area S of the i-th (i is an arbitrary integer between 1 and n) pixel electrode and _LCi, when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided to the i-th pixel electrodes and the S _NLi, a liquid crystal display device values of n S _LCi / S _NLi is characterized that at least two or more . 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in the horizontal direction of the liquid crystal display device. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into n (n ≧ 2 integer) pixel electrodes in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal display device. 14. The i-th value of S _LCi / S _NLi and n +
The 1st to i-th S _{LC (n + 1- i)} / S _{NL (n + 1-i)} values are equal to each other.
The described liquid crystal display device. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into three parts. 16. A plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a conductor-insulator-
A non-linear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially laminated,
In the liquid crystal display device including, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode surrounds the first pixel electrode, and, A liquid crystal display device, wherein a part of the two pixel electrodes extends inside the first pixel electrode. 17. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, a liquid crystal display device of claim 16, wherein a satisfying _{S LC1 / S NL1> S LC2} / S NL2. 18. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator, and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C _NL1. , C _NL2 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode is C _LC1 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode is C _{L C2,} and C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ ( C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein when the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₁ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 19. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, and, S _LC1 = S _LC2, and a liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein a satisfying S _NL1 <S _NL2. 20. The total area S of the first pixel electrode area S _LC1 of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode
_The ratio to _LC1 + S _LC2 is κ ₁ (κ ₁ = S _LC1 / (S _LC1 + S
18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein κ _{1 has} a value of 0.05 to 0.8 when _LC2 )). 21. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, a liquid crystal display device of claim 16, wherein a satisfying _{S LC1 / S NL1 <S LC2} / S NL2. 22. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C _NL1. , C _NL2 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode is C _LC1 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode is C _{L C2,} and C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ ( C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein when the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the value range of m ₂ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 23. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, and, S _LC1 = S _LC2, and S _NL1> liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein a satisfying S _NL2. 24. The total area S _LC1 + S _{LC2 of} the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode of the area S _LC2 of the second pixel electrode
22. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein a value of κ ₂ = S _LC2 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) κ _{2 is in} the range of 0.2 to 0.95, where κ ₂ is a ratio to . 25. A plurality of liquid crystal driving electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a conductor-insulator-
A non-linear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially laminated,
In the liquid crystal display device including, the liquid crystal drive electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode surrounds the first pixel electrode, and the second pixel A part of the electrode extends inside the first pixel electrode, and a part of the first pixel electrode extends inside the second pixel electrode. . 26. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, a liquid crystal display device of claim 25, wherein a satisfying _{S LC1 / S NL1> S LC2} / S NL2. 27. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C.
_NL1 and C _NL2 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode is C _LC1 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode is C _LC2, and C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ ( C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein when the coefficient m ₁ is defined by the above equation, the value range of m ₁ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 28. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, and, S _LC1 = S _LC2, and a liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein a satisfying S _NL1 <S _NL2. 29. An area S of the area S _LC1 of the first pixel electrodes, which is the total area of the first pixel electrodes and the second pixel electrodes.
_LC1 + when set to ₁ ratio kappa for _{S LC2, κ 1 = S LC1} / (S LC1 + S LC2) of claim 26, wherein the kappa ₁ value, characterized in that there is between 0.1 and 0.9 Liquid crystal display device. 30. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, a liquid crystal display device of claim 25, wherein a satisfying _{S LC1 / S NL1 <S LC2} / S NL2. 31. The first non-linear resistance element and the second non-linear resistance element have a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and each non-linear resistance element capacitance is C _NL1. , C _NL2 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the first pixel electrode is C _LC1 , the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the second pixel electrode is C _{L C2,} and C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ ( C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) The liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein when the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the value range of m ₂ is between 0.001 and 0.999. 32. The area of the first pixel electrode is S _LC1 , the area of the second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the nonlinear resistance element provided in the first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the second pixel is when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the electrode and S _NL2, and, S _LC1 = S _LC2, and a liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein a satisfying S _NL1> S _NL2. 33. The second pixel electrode area S _LC2, the area combined with the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode S _LC1 + S _LC2
31. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 30, wherein a value of κ ₂ = S _LC2 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) κ ₂ is between 0.1 and 0.9 when the ratio to κ ₂ is κ _2. . 34. A plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a conductor-insulator-
A non-linear resistance element having a structure in which conductors are sequentially laminated,
And a liquid crystal drive electrode divided into n (n is an integer of 2) concentric pixel electrodes, each of the concentric pixel electrodes having a non-linear resistance element. A liquid crystal display device characterized by being provided. 35. The i-th (i is 1) of the concentric pixel electrode
The area S of the concentric pixel electrodes of any integer between 1 and n)
And _LCi, when the area of the non-linear resistance element provided to the i-th concentric pixel electrode was set to S _NLi, wherein the value of n S _LCi / S _NLi is characterized that at least two or more Item 34. A liquid crystal display device according to item 34. 36. The liquid crystal according to claim 34, wherein a minimum width of the n (integer of n ≧ 2) concentric pixel electrodes is three times or more a separation distance between the concentric pixel electrodes. Display device. 37. The maximum width of the n (integer of n ≧ 2) concentric pixel electrodes is 5 μm or less, and the separation distance between the concentric pixel electrodes is 1 μm or less. Item 34. A liquid crystal display device according to item 34. 38. The i-th (i is 1) of the concentric pixel electrode.
The area S of the concentric pixel electrodes of any integer between 1 and n)
_LCi , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the i-th concentric pixel electrode is S _NLi , the innermost pixel electrode is the first pixel electrode, and the non-linear resistance element connected thereto is the first The pixel electrodes and the non-linear resistance elements, which are named MIM elements, are second and third as they sequentially move outward, and the outermost pixel electrode and the non-linear resistance element are respectively the nth pixel electrode and the nth MIM.
_35. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 34, wherein when it is used as an element, S _LCi / S _NLi <S _{LCi + 1} / S _{NLi + 1} is satisfied. 39. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 38, wherein the areas of the n non-linear resistance elements are all the same. 40. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 38, wherein the areas of the n concentric pixel electrodes are all equal. 41. The i-th (i is 1) of the concentric pixel electrode
The area S of the concentric pixel electrodes of any integer between 1 and n)
_LCi , the area of the non-linear resistance element provided in the i-th concentric pixel electrode is S _NLi , the innermost pixel electrode is the first pixel electrode, and the non-linear resistance element connected thereto is the first The pixel electrodes and the non-linear resistance elements, which are named MIM elements, are second and third as they sequentially move outward, and the outermost pixel electrode and the non-linear resistance element are respectively the nth pixel electrode and the nth MIM.
_35. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 34, wherein S _LCi / S _NLi > S _{LCi + 1} / S _{NLi + 1} is satisfied as an element. 42. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 41, wherein the areas of the n non-linear resistance elements are all the same. 43. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 41, wherein the areas of the n concentric pixel electrodes are all the same. 44. A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal, and a switching element connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrodes are It is divided into a comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and a comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode, a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode, and a first switching element is connected to the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode. A liquid crystal display device, wherein two switching elements are connected, and the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other. 45. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 44, wherein the switching element is a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated. 46. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 45, wherein the comb-teeth first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth second pixel electrode are in mesh with each other in a horizontal direction. 47. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 45, wherein the comb-teeth first pixel electrode and the comb-teeth second pixel electrode are vertically meshed with each other. 48. The area of the comb-shaped first pixel electrode is S
_LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the first nonlinear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is provided _48. The liquid crystal display according to claim 45, claim 46 or claim 47, wherein S _LC1 / S _NL1 > S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied, where S _NL2 is the area of the second nonlinear resistance element. apparatus. 49. The first switching element and the second switching element each comprises a first non-linear resistance element and a second non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor-insulator-conductor are sequentially laminated, Let C _NL1 and C _NL2 be the capacitances of the respective non-linear resistance elements, and let C _{LC1 be} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the comb-shaped first pixel electrode.
The capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the comb-shaped second pixel electrode is C
_{Let LC2} be C _LC2 / C _NL2 = m ₁ (C _LC1 / C _NL1 ) When the coefficient m ₁ is defined in the above equation, the range of the value of m ₁ is between 0.001 and 0.999. Claim 45, Claim 46, or Claim 4 characterized by
7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 7. 50. The area of the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode is S
_LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the first nonlinear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is provided _48. The liquid crystal display according to claim 46 or claim 47, wherein S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 <S _NL2 are satisfied, where S _NL2 is the area of the second nonlinear resistance element. apparatus. 51. When the ratio of the comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrode area S _LC1 to the combined area S _LC1 + S _LC2 of the comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrode is κ _{1. 49.} The liquid crystal display device according to claim 48, wherein the value of κ ₁ = S _LC1 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) κ ₁ is between 0.1 and 0.9. 52. The area of the comb-shaped first pixel electrode is S
_LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , and the area of the nonlinear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode is S <sub>LC2
47. When NL1</sub> and an area of the non-linear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth-shaped second pixel electrode are S _NL2 , S _LC1 / S _NL1 <S _LC2 / S _NL2 is satisfied. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 46 or claim 47. 53. The first switching element and the second switching element each include a first non-linear resistance element and a second non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially laminated, Let C _NL1 and C _NL2 be the capacitances of the respective non-linear resistance elements, and let C _{LC1 be} the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the comb-shaped first pixel electrode.
The capacitance of the liquid crystal layer driven by the comb-shaped second pixel electrode is C
_{Let LC2} be C _LC1 / C _NL1 = m ₂ (C _LC2 / C _NL2 ) When the coefficient m ₂ is defined by the above equation, the range of the value of m ₂ is between 0.001 and 0.999. Claim 45, Claim 46, or Claim 4 characterized by
7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 7. 54. The area of the comb-teeth-shaped first pixel electrode is S
_LC1 , the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is S _LC2 , the area of the first nonlinear resistance element provided on the comb-teeth first pixel electrode is S _NL1 , and the area of the comb-teeth second pixel electrode is provided _{48. When} the area of the obtained second non-linear resistance element is S _NL2 , S _LC1 = S _LC2 and S _NL1 > S _NL2 are satisfied, Claim 45, Claim 46 or Claim 47. Liquid crystal display device. 55. A ratio of the comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrode area S _LC2 to the combined area S _LC1 + S _LC2 of the comb-tooth-shaped first pixel electrode and the comb-tooth-shaped second pixel electrode is set to κ ₂ . 53. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 52, wherein the value of κ ₂ = S _LC2 / (S _LC1 + S _LC2 ) κ _{2 is in} the range of 0.1 to 0.9. 56. A liquid crystal display device comprising a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a first conductor, an insulator and a second conductor are sequentially laminated, and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving a liquid crystal, The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and the electrical non-linear characteristic of the first non-linear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode and the second non-linear characteristic that drives the second pixel electrode. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the electrical non-linear characteristics of the non-linear resistance element are different. 57. A liquid crystal display device comprising a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a first conductor, an insulator and a second conductor are sequentially laminated, and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving a liquid crystal, The liquid crystal driving electrode is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, the thickness of the insulating film of the first nonlinear resistance element that drives the first pixel electrode, and the second non-linear resistance element that drives the second pixel electrode. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the thickness of the insulating film of the linear resistance element is different. 58. The second pixel electrode is formed so as to surround the first pixel electrode.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 or 57. 59. The first conductor of the first non-linear resistance element and the first conductor of the second non-linear resistance element are electrically connected to each other outside the display region of the liquid crystal display device. 59. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 56 or claim 57. 60. A liquid crystal display device including a non-linear resistance element having a structure in which a conductor, an insulator and a conductor are sequentially stacked, and a liquid crystal drive electrode for driving liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrode is provided. Is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and a first non-linear resistance element for driving the first pixel electrode and the first non-linear resistance element are connected in series so that the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are connected in series. A liquid crystal display device comprising a second non-linear resistance element and a third non-linear resistance element. 61. The non-linear resistance element has a structure in which a metal containing tantalum as a component, an oxide of a metal containing tantalum as a component, a metal, or a transparent conductive film is sequentially laminated. 61. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 60. 62. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the insulator of the non-linear resistance element is silicon nitride. 63. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 44, wherein the switching element is a thin film transistor. 64. A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal, and a thin film transistor connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrodes are It is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, a first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, a second thin film transistor is connected to the second pixel electrode, and a gate electrode of the first thin film transistor. Is connected to the first scanning line, the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to the second scanning line, the first thin film transistor and the second thin film transistor are mutually opposite conductivity type, Liquid crystal display device. 65. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 64, wherein the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-teeth-shaped and mesh with each other. 66. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 64 or 65, wherein the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode. 67. The first thin film transistor is of N-type conductivity type, the second thin film transistor is of P-type conductivity type, and the area of the first pixel electrode connected to the first thin film transistor is connected to the second thin film transistor. 65. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 64, which is larger than the area of the second pixel electrode. 68. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 67, wherein the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. 69. A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving liquid crystal, and a thin film transistor connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrodes are It is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type conductive type second thin film transistor is connected to the second pixel electrode. Connected, the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to the first scanning line, the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to the second scanning line, the channel length of the first thin film transistor is L ₁ , when the channel width W _1, and then, with the channel length of the second TFT L _2, and the channel width W _{2, and, W 1 / L 1 <W} 2 / L 2 A liquid crystal display device characterized by satisfying the relational expression. 70. A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a thin film transistor connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrodes are It is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type conductive type second thin film transistor is connected to the second pixel electrode. Connected, the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the channel length of the first thin film transistor is the second A liquid crystal display device characterized by being longer than the channel length of a thin film transistor. 71. A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal drive electrodes formed in a matrix for driving a liquid crystal, and a thin film transistor connected to the liquid crystal drive electrodes, wherein the liquid crystal drive electrodes are It is divided into a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, an N-type conductive type first thin film transistor is connected to the first pixel electrode, and a P-type conductive type second thin film transistor is connected to the second pixel electrode. Connected, the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is connected to a first scanning line, the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is connected to a second scanning line, the channel width of the first thin film transistor is the second A liquid crystal display device characterized by being narrower than the channel width of a thin film transistor. 72. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 69, 70 or 71, wherein the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode are comb-shaped and mesh with each other. 73. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 69, wherein the area of the first pixel electrode is equal to the area of the second pixel electrode.