JPH08309319A - Organic waste treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To convert waste including garbage into compost by fermentation efficiently without causing environmental. pollution by the organic combination of a dewaterer for waste, a fermentation treatment tank, a dehumidifier, a biological deodorization drainage treatment tank. CONSTITUTION: A gas circulating drying line 5 sends a high temperature exhaust gas 13a extracted from a space in the upper part of a fermentation treatment tank 4 to a dehumidifier 7 by a fan 6. The gas 13a is cooled by cold water from a water cooler 7a, and most of the low temperature dry gas is returned to the tank 4 as dry circulating gas 13b through an air duct 15a. Besides, in a biological deodorization-drainage treatment tank 8, dry exhaust gas 13c which branched from the outlet side of the dehumidifier 7 through an air duct 15b is supplied into wastewater 17 through an ejector 14. Dewing water (wastewater 17b) containing odor component gas recovered by the dehumidifier 7 and the wastewater 17b separated by the dewaterer 3 are introduced into the tank 8 to be purified biologically.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of an organic waste treatment device by a fermentation method, which is an organic combination of a fermentation treatment device and a biological deodorization / wastewater treatment device, etc. The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment device capable of composting organic waste such as manufacturing waste with high efficiency in a sanitary manner and without causing environmental pollution.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an apparatus for fermenting organic waste such as food waste, the apparatus disclosed in JP-A-1-145388 and JP-A-1-167293 has been previously disclosed. However, these organic waste treatment devices require a large amount of water conditioner such as sawdust to adjust the water content of food waste.
Since the processing method is a so-called batch method, there are problems such as lack of practical convenience, environmental pollution due to bad odor, etc., and requiring a considerably large installation space compared to the processing amount. It is left.

On the other hand, as a means for solving the above problems, the technology disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271378 has been developed. That is, in the fermentation treatment apparatus of JP-A-6-271378, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the air in the treatment tank 20 is passed through the air intake port 21 to the water treatment chamber 2
The water in the air is removed by taking it into the inside of 2 and cooling it in the cooler 23, and most of the dry air is returned to the inside of the treatment tank 20 from the air return port 25 through the reheat chamber 24 and the water treatment chamber. Deodorization chamber 26 from a portion of the air from 22
To the deodorizing catalyst 28
The catalytic action of removes the odorous components, and the deodorized air is discharged to the atmosphere. 4 and 5
In the figure, 29 is a blower for circulation, 30 is a drainage passage, 31
Is a heat exchange fin for heating the air in the reheating chamber 24 by the heat of the high-temperature air after the deodorizing process.

In the fermentation treatment apparatus disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6-271378, the water contained in food waste is carried from the inside of the treatment tank 20 to the water treatment chamber 22 by the circulating air and continuously removed there. The odor generated during fermentation is deodorized in the deodorization chamber 26 and then discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, the inside of the treatment tank 20 is maintained under appropriate fermentation conditions, the fermentation treatment of the organic waste is efficiently performed, and there is no environmental pollution due to a bad odor, resulting in excellent practical utility.

However, the fermentation treatment apparatus of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-271378 still has many problems to be solved. First, the first problem is that the deodorizing treatment is performed using the deodorizing catalyst, so that the equipment cost and the running cost of the equipment increase. That is, platinum group elements and transition metal elements such as Ti and V are often used as deodorizing catalysts, but these deodorizing catalysts have extremely high product prices, and ultraviolet ray irradiation devices and heaters for activating the catalysts. There is a problem that a separate device is required and it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost of the fermentation treatment equipment. In addition, since the deodorizing catalyst loses its catalytic activity within a relatively short period of time, it is often necessary to replace the catalyst, which causes a problem that the running cost of the fermentation treatment apparatus is significantly increased.

The second problem is that a wastewater treatment device is separately provided,
Since it is necessary to treat the waste water, the manufacturing cost of the fermentation treatment equipment is further increased and the operation is complicated. That is, the wastewater discharged from the water treatment chamber 4 through the discharge pipe 6 contains a large amount of fouling substances due to the dissolution of odorous components in the exhaust gas, and if this is discharged to the outside as it is, environmental pollution may occur. become. As a result, a separate treatment device for the wastewater collected by adjusting the water content in the treatment tank 20 is absolutely necessary, which leads to an increase in the manufacturing cost of the fermentation treatment device.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses the deodorizing treatment apparatus using a deodorizing catalyst as described above in the fermentation type organic waste treating apparatus, and therefore reduces equipment costs and running costs. Is difficult to achieve, and requires a separate treatment device for the wastewater removed by adjusting the water content of the object to be processed, which increases the equipment cost and troubles the operation. And
By organically combining a dehydrator, a fermentation treatment tank, a dehumidifier, and a biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank for the processed material, the processed material such as food waste is fermented with high efficiency and without causing environmental pollution. The present invention provides an organic waste treatment device that can be composted.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a crusher for a material to be treated, a dehydrator for the material to be treated, a fermentation chamber and a drying chamber each equipped with a heater device and a stirring device. Is equipped with a fermentation treatment tank that discharges the treated material from the drying chamber to the fermentation chamber, a fan and a dehumidifier, and the high temperature exhaust gas in the fermentation treatment tank is dried by the dehumidifier and then the dry circulation exhaust gas is fermented. A gas circulation drying line for returning to the treatment tank, dry exhaust gas branched from the outlet side of the dehumidifier and fresh air are jetted from the bottom of the tank main body, and sewage from the dehumidifier and dehydrator is received to aerobic organisms. The deodorization / wastewater treatment tank that deodorizes dry exhaust gas and purifies sewage by treatment is the basic constitution of the invention.

The material to be treated may be continuously or intermittently charged into the crusher, or the treated material commensurate with the input amount may be continuously or intermittently discharged from the fermentation treatment tank. A screw press is most suitable for dehydrating the material to be treated.

At the start of the initial operation of the organic waste treatment apparatus, it is desirable to mix bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, aerobic bacteria containing various enzymes, etc. into the object to be treated at a predetermined weight mixing ratio.

The heater device installed in the fermentation treatment tank is preferably an electric heater coated with far-infrared radiation ceramics and is preferably installed in the upper space of the treatment tank. Also, the temperature of the material to be treated in the fermentation chamber of the fermentation treatment tank is 40
To 60 ° C, and the temperature of the object to be treated in the drying chamber is 75 to 85
It is desirable to keep each at ℃.

[0012] It is desirable that the stirring blade in the fermentation treatment tank can lift and stir the object to be treated by its rotation, and at the same time, can push and move this in the axial direction.

The gas circulation drying line returns 70 to 80% of the dry gas flow rate into the fermentation treatment tank, whereby 2
From the viewpoint of fermentation efficiency, it is optimal to introduce 0 to 30% of fresh air into the fermentation treatment tank.

[0014]

The object to be treated (organic waste) such as food waste is crushed by the crusher and then dehydrated by the press dehydrator to be primarily adjusted to a water content of about 85%. The water content-adjusted substance to be treated is put into the fermentation chamber of the fermentation treatment tank, heated to a set temperature by a heater, rotated by stirring blades, and sequentially subjected to fermentation treatment. During the initial operation, a predetermined amount of aerobic microorganism for fermentation is mixed into the material to be treated. The fermented processed product overflows from the fermenting chamber to the drying chamber by the amount corresponding to the incoming processing target, is dried by heating with a heater and stirring with stirring blades, and then sequentially dried from the drying chamber. It is discharged as compost.

The high temperature gas in the fermentation treatment tank is forcibly circulated by the fan, and most of the dried exhaust gas after the moisture in the high temperature exhaust gas is coagulated and removed by the dehumidifier is returned to the treatment tank. As a result, the secondary water content of the material to be treated in the fermentation chamber is adjusted. Further, a part of the dried exhaust gas is supplied into the deodorization / wastewater treatment tank through the ejector and discharged into the treated water from the bottom of the tank body. As a result, the odorous components in the so-called dry exhaust gas are decomposed and deodorized by the action of the aquatic aerobic microorganisms in the liquid to be treated. The oxygen in the dry exhaust gas sucked through the ejector contributes to keep the liquid to be treated aerobic.

By partially introducing the dried exhaust gas into the deodorization / wastewater treatment tank, the inside of the fermentation treatment tank is slightly decompressed, whereby an amount of fresh air commensurate with the dried exhaust gas is increased. The fermented material of the fermented material flows into the inside of the fermented material through the fermented material outlet, etc., and the inside of the fermented room is kept aerobic.

On the other hand, the water removed by the dehumidifier and the press dehydrator is introduced into a deodorization / wastewater treatment tank, where aerobic biological treatment is performed and then discharged as purified water. . That is, since a large amount of odorous components dissolved in condensed water in the dehumidifier are also sufficiently treated in the deodorizing / wastewater treatment tank, environmental pollution due to odors can be almost completely prevented.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a processing system diagram of an organic waste processing apparatus according to the present invention. In the drawing, 1 is an object to be processed (organic waste) such as food waste and food manufacturing waste, 2 is a crusher, 3 Is a screw press dehydrator, 4 is a fermentation treatment tank, 5 is a gas circulation drying line equipped with a fan 6 and a dehumidifier 7, and 8 is a biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank.

The crusher 2 and the screw press dehydrator 3 are known ones, and the object 1 to be treated is
After being crushed into pieces with an average particle size of 20 to 30 mmφ,
It is dehydrated to a water content of about 85%. Further, the crusher 2 and the dehydrator 3 are arranged adjacent to the fermentation treatment tank 4, and the object 1 to be treated introduced into the crusher 2 continuously and automatically flows into the fermentation chamber 4a.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fermentation treatment tank 4 is a box having a curved bottom surface, and the inside of the fermentation processing tank 4 is partitioned by a partition wall 4c having an open top to form a fermentation chamber 4a and a drying chamber 4b. Has been done. The volume ratio of the fermentation chamber 4a and the drying chamber 4b is selected to be about 3: 1.

Further, in the fermentation treatment tank 4, as shown in FIGS.
A stirring shaft 9a of a stirring device 9 is disposed and supported in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. 11, and stirring blades 9b are fixed to the stirring shaft 9a at an appropriate pitch and with an attachment angle of about 120 °. In addition, the stirring shaft 9a is driven by the drive unit 10 to a depth of about 0.
It is rotated at a speed of 5 to 3 RPM, whereby the objects to be treated in the fermentation chamber 4a and the drying chamber 4b are sequentially lifted upward, and a so-called plug flow is sequentially extruded to the downstream side, so that the fermentation chamber 4a The processed product is transferred into the drying chamber 4b through the opening above the partition wall 4c.

Further, in the space above the fermentation chamber 4a and the drying chamber 4b, there is provided a heat transfer heater device 11 coated with far-infrared radiation ceramics, whereby the object to be treated 1a in the fermentation chamber 4a is disposed. The processed product 1b in the drying chamber 4b is heated and maintained at about 40 to 60 ° C. and at 75 to 85 ° C., respectively.

The gas circulation drying line 5 is composed of a fan 6, a dehumidifier 7, an air intake duct 12 and an air supply duct 15a, etc., and the steam and NH ₃ extracted from the upper space of the fermentation treatment tank 4 by the fan 6 are used. Of the high temperature exhaust gas 13a of about 100 ° C. containing gas such as RHS, RSH, H ₂ S, etc.
Send to. High temperature exhaust gas 13a sent into the dehumidifier 7
Is cooled by chilled water from the chiller 7a and is removed by dew condensation of internal moisture, and the temperature is about 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
70% to 80% of the low temperature dry gas is returned to the fermentation treatment tank 4 as the dry circulation exhaust gas 13b through the air supply duct 15a. In the dehumidifier 7, the high temperature exhaust gas 13
A part of the gas such as NH ₃ , RSH, H ₂ S in a is adsorbed or dissolved in the dew condensation water and removed from the dry exhaust gas.

The biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8 is a tank body 8a.
It is formed by disposing the filter medium 8b, the submersible pump 19 and the ejector 14 therein, and the dry exhaust gas 1 branched from the outlet side of the dehumidifier 7 through the air supply duct 15b.
3c is supplied into the wastewater 17 through the ejector 14. That is, the dry exhaust gas 13c is generated by the air ejector 14 driven by the water flow from the submersible pump 19.
Is sucked in, and a mixture of sewage 17 and dry exhaust gas 13c is ejected from the ejector 14 into the tank body 8a.

Further, in the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8, the dew condensation water (sewage 17b) containing the odorous component gas recovered by the dehumidifier 7 and the wastewater 17a separated by the screw press dehydrator 3 are piped. It is introduced through 18a and 18b, and is subjected to biological purification treatment there.

That is, the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8 is filled with a filter medium 8b and sewage containing aquatic aerobic microorganisms, and by aerating this, the inside of the tank is maintained in an aerobic environment. There is. Then, by ejecting the dry exhaust gas 13c containing the odorous component from below the tank body 8a through the ejector 14, the exhaust gas 13c
The odorous components therein are decomposed and removed by the aquatic aerobic microorganisms, so-called deodorizing treatment is performed. Further, BOD components and odorous components contained in the sewage 17a and 17b introduced into the tank body 8a are similarly decomposed by the microorganisms, and the sewage is deodorized and purified.

In this embodiment, the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8 is used.
Although the pH of the treatment liquid inside is not adjusted,
By adjusting H, the pH of the treatment liquid is optimal (PH
= 6.9-7.2), it can be discharged as it is or discharged to the septic tank. Further, in this embodiment, as the filter medium, the porous particles made of synthetic resin having a specific gravity close to 1 are used, but the filter medium itself may be of any kind and form. Further, in this embodiment, a predetermined amount of fermenting bacteria is intermittently mixed into the object to be treated 1 to be introduced into the fermentation treatment tank 4, but when there is a treatment residue in the fermentation treatment tank 4. As a matter of course, the to-be-treated material 1 can be continuously charged without mixing new fermenting bacteria.

The fermentation treatment tank 4 has an internal volume of about 400 l, a garbage input amount of 50 kg / day, and an average crushed particle size of 20 to 30 m.
mφ, water content of food waste is 90% or more, water content of food waste after press dehydration is 85%, fermentation room temperature is about 60 ° C., drying room temperature is about 80 ° C., intake amount of high temperature exhaust gas 13a is 100 l / min
・ Approximately 100 ° C, the return amount of dry exhaust gas 13b is 70 l / m
in · Approximately 30 ℃, dry exhaust gas 13c emissions 300l
/ Min · Approximately 30 ° C, capacity of biological deodorization and wastewater treatment tank 8 is 200 l · Porous synthetic resin granular filter material (5-10 mm
φ), the inflowing wastewater amount 17a from the dehydrator is 3 l / day (BO
D = 100,000 PPM), the inflowing wastewater amount 17b from the dehumidifier 7 is about 40 l / day, and the initial charge of bacteria is 150 g of the yeast mixture material (0.3% of the weight of the initial charge garbage) into the fermentation chamber 4a.
%), The microorganisms for seeding the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8 were aquatic aerobic bacteria, and the garbage 1 was put into the tank every 8 hours at a rate of about 17 kg and continuously operated for 3 days.

As a result, the food waste 1 is homogeneously mixed and fermented in the fermentation chamber 4a within about 10 minutes after being put into the fermentation treatment tank 4. Further, the fermentation-treated object 1a to be treated
Are sequentially admitted to the downstream side by the rotation of the stirring blade 9b,
Move into the drying chamber 4b. Further, the processed product 1b in the drying chamber 4b is also sequentially moved to the downstream side by the rotation of the stirring blade 9b, and taken out of the tank through the discharge port of the drying chamber 4b.

On the other hand, from the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8, water purified to a BOD of about 200 to 300 PPM is discharged to the outside as wastewater. Further, the dry exhaust gas 13c ejected from the ejector 14 into the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8 is almost completely deodorized, and even when the device according to the present invention is installed indoors, it is almost impossible to feel the odor indoors. It wasn't there.

Table 1 shows changes in the water content, volume and weight of the object to be treated (garbage 1) at each treatment stage. In the present invention, the fermentation treatment tank 4 has the following contents. If the average residence time is 24 hours, the final weight ratio is 10%.
The processed product (compost) 1b that has been reduced in weight and almost completely fermented is taken out.

[0032]

[Table 1]

[0033]

According to the present invention, the hot exhaust gas 13a in the fermentation treatment tank 4 is introduced into the dehumidifier 7 through the gas circulation drying line 5, and a part of the dried exhaust gas is used as the dry exhaust gas 13c for biological deodorization. It is configured to be introduced into the wastewater treatment tank 8 and most of the remaining part be returned to the fermentation treatment tank 4 as the dry circulation gas 13b. As a result, biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank 8
By adjusting the amount of the dry exhaust gas 13c introduced into the fermentation treatment tank, the minimum necessary fresh air can be easily sucked into the fermentation treatment tank 4, and the fermentation ability of the fermentation treatment tank can be increased without causing heat loss. Can be held at a high value.

Further, in the present invention, a biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank is used, whereby the dry exhaust gas 13c and the dehumidifier 7 are used.
Sewage 17b in which the odorous component gas and the like collected in step 3 are dissolved,
Since the wastewater 17a from the press dehydrator is biologically treated at the same time, the facility for treating exhaust gas and wastewater can be simplified, and the facility cost is significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment device using a deodorizing catalyst. Can be lowered. Furthermore, in the biological deodorization / wastewater treatment tank of the present invention, it is possible to achieve a high deodorization rate that is as good as or better than that of a deodorizing apparatus using a deodorizing catalyst. The present invention has excellent practical utility as described above.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a processing system diagram of an organic waste processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fermentation treatment tank.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a main part of a known fermentation-type organic waste treatment device.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a material to be treated (organic waste), 1a is a material to be treated in a fermentation chamber, 1b is a material to be treated in a drying chamber, 2 is a crusher, 3 is a screw type dehydrator, 4 is a fermentation treatment tank, and 4a is a fermentation chamber. 4b is a drying chamber, 4c is a partition wall, 5 is a gas circulation drying line, 6 is a fan, 7 is a dehumidifier, 7a is a water cooler, 8 is a biological deodorizing / wastewater treatment tank, 8a is a tank body, 8b is a filter medium, 9 Is a stirrer, 9
a is a rotating shaft, 9b is a stirring blade, 10 is a driving device, 11 is a heater device, 12 is an intake duct, 13a is high temperature exhaust gas,
13b is a dry circulation exhaust gas, 13c is a dry exhaust gas, 14
Is an ejector, 15a and 15b are air supply ducts, 16 is fresh air, 17a and 17b are dirty water, 18a and 18b are pipelines, 19 is a submersible pump, and 20 is a flow meter.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display area C05F 5/00 B01D 53/34 ZAB 9/02 116A 11/08

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A crusher for a material to be treated, a dehydrator for the material to be treated, a fermentation chamber and a drying chamber each equipped with a heater and a stirrer, and the material to be treated from the dehydrator is a fermentation chamber. In addition to the fermentation treatment tank that discharges the processed product from the drying chamber, a fan and a dehumidifier, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the fermentation treatment tank is dried by the dehumidifier, and the dry circulation exhaust gas is returned to the fermentation processing tank. The dry exhaust gas, which branches off from the outlet side of the dehumidifier, and fresh air are jetted from the bottom of the tank body, and the waste water from the dehumidifier and dehydrator is received and the dry exhaust gas is deodorized by aerobic biological treatment. In addition, an organic waste treatment device consisting of a deodorizing / wastewater treatment tank that purifies sewage. 2. The dehydrator is a screw press type dehydrator, and the retention time of the material to be treated in the fermentation treatment tank is set to 24 hours or less, and the amount of dry circulation exhaust gas returned to the fermentation treatment tank is extracted. The organic waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the high temperature exhaust gas is 70 to 80%.