JPH0761585B2 - Processing system with multiple processing elements - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a processing system having a plurality of processing elements. More specifically, the present invention relates to a processing system having a plurality of processing elements for continuously processing different processing contents in one setup.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A machine tool is a machine tool that is machined to produce a desired shape. Various types of this machine tool are known according to the processing content, and classically, there are a lathe, a drilling machine, a boring machine, a milling machine, a planing machine, a broaching machine, a grinding machine and the like. In recent years, many of these machine tools can perform not only single machining but also various complex machining due to the progress of NC technology. The outline of the processing contents, configuration and characteristics according to the type of recent machine tools will be described below.

A. Lathes There are an increasing number of lathes that face each other, that is, have workpiece chucks facing each other in order to perform machining from both front and back sides in one setup. Further, in order to increase the number of tools and realize simultaneous machining, some machines are equipped with a plurality of turrets for each spindle.

B. An increasing number of tapping centers are performing drilling and tapping of various types using a drilling machine turret or tool changer.

C. Machining Centers Machining centers are known to be capable of performing various operations such as milling, drilling, boring, reaming, and threading on a plurality of surfaces of a work piece with one installation.
For machining centers, depending on the number of feed motion axes, 3
It can be roughly divided into axes, 4 axes and 5 axes. Many 4-axis machining centers have a rotary feed axis (B axis) on the side of the workpiece. On the other hand, in a 5-axis machining center, there are various types depending on how the 2 axes of rotary feed are distributed. First, a trunnion structure or the like is used to provide the work table with the A axis and the B axis. The second is to give the tool spindle a rotational feed of the A axis and the C axis, which is considered to be effective for machining the corners and corners.

Thirdly, the work table is provided with a C-axis and the tool spindle is provided with an A-axis, which is relatively simple in structure. In such a 5-axis machining center, it is considered that how the linear feed motion and the rotary feed motion are arranged greatly affects the steel property of the machine tool structure, the motion accuracy, the machining area, and the tool interference.

D. Turning Center Turning centers are known to be capable of milling and drilling on a lathe. In the turning center, the spindle rotation is used as the feed motion, and X,
Milling of 3 axes of Z and C is performed. In addition, there is also a machine in which a Y-axis is added to a rotary tool spindle to realize milling of three linear axes and one rotary axis. In addition, the B-axis is added to the rotary tool spindle, which is the same as the machining center.
Some machines have achieved axial milling. In this 5-axis turning center, it is considered that turning of a rotary shape member and milling of up to 5 axes can be performed without changing the setup of the work, and it is possible to cope with the processing of considerably complicated parts.

With regard to tool exchange, both rotating tools and non-rotating tools have come to be capable of realizing complex machining while exchanging a large number of tools by using an ATC such as a machining center. Furthermore, using a robot,
There are machines that can even replace tools, chuck jaws, and hands.

As with the lathe, the turning center also has a structure of opposed spindles, and the work is gripped between the two spindles to realize machining from both left and right directions. However, in such a configuration, the milling function of the rotary tool is often restricted to some extent.

E. Turning Center with Hail Processing Function As a turning center with a special processing function, it has the function of moving the cutting tool in the radial direction in synchronization with the rotation of the spindle and creating polygonal or elliptical shapes by turning hail processing. There is a turning center. This makes it possible to process non-rotating shapes with high efficiency.

F. Grinding Center A grinding center is a machine that, like a machining center, performs surface grinding, inner surface grinding, profile grinding, etc. while exchanging grinding wheels. The basic configuration is
It is almost the same as a vertical machining center. There is also a vertical machining center in which the speed of the spindle is increased so that a grinding wheel can be attached. In this case, the milling process and the grinding process can be performed by the same machine with the same setup.

G. Multi-axis grinders There are grinders that perform 4-side machining or curved-face grinding with 4-axis or 5-axis control, similar to machining centers.

H. Grinding machine with dressing function There is a grinding machine with truing, dressing and measuring functions for the whetstone. The truing and dressing methods include a method using a diamond tool and a method using electric discharge machining.

[0014]

In order to machine and complete a drawing-shaped workpiece given by the machine tool described above, several machine tools must be used depending on the machining content. Therefore, the mounting time of the work piece on each machine tool and the transfer time between the machine tools are lost time. Further, if heat treatment is necessary, it is necessary to take it to another place and perform heat treatment. Furthermore, it is necessary to measure the dimensions during the machining process. The present invention has been invented in the background as described above, and achieves the following objects.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a machining system having a plurality of machining elements which can finish multi-step machining with one machining machine as much as possible in one setup.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining system having a plurality of machining elements which shortens machining time.

[0017]

The present invention employs the following means in order to achieve the above object.

A processing system capable of continuously processing different processing contents in a single setup and having the following requirements: a. A bed (1), b. The first guide surface (3, 3 provided on the bed (1)
3) a feed table (5) which is moved and driven on at least a first direction, and c. A headstock (8) provided on the feed table (5) and swiveled by an arbitrary angle about an axis line in a direction perpendicular to the first direction; and d. A chuck (1) for gripping a workpiece on the headstock (8)
1) or a tool turret (29) holding a plurality of tools
For mounting at least one main shaft (57,6
3), and e. The second guide surface (20, 20 provided on the bed (1)
20) a second feed table (21) which is moved and driven in a second direction, and f. A third feed table (23) provided on the second feed table (21) and moved and driven in a direction perpendicular to the second direction.
And g. The column (2) provided on the third feed table (23)
5), and h. A spindle head (27) provided on the column (25) and moved and driven in a direction perpendicular to the second feed table (2) and the third feed table (23); i. A second spindle for attaching the chuck (11) or the tool turret (29) to the spindle head (27), j. A machining system having a plurality of machining elements, comprising: an index magazine (40) for feeding the tool turret (29) and a workpiece facing the first spindle (57) or the second spindle.

Further, the machining system is provided at a position where it can move the guide surfaces (31a, 31b) of the bed (1) and can at least face the headstock (8), and at least holds the workpiece. Tailstock (32)
It should consist of

Furthermore, it is preferable that a laser oscillator (49) provided near the bed (1) for irradiating the workpiece with laser light to perform processing with thermal energy is arranged.

[0021]

[Operation] Work and tool The work W is mounted on the turret magazine 40 and conveyed to the headstock 8 side. The chuck 11 of the headstock 8 holds the workpiece W. The headstock 8 has a spindle for low speed and high speed rotation, and rotationally drives a workpiece or a chuck 11. Furthermore, the headstock 8 can be indexed around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the spindle. The tool necessary for machining the workpiece W is obtained by indexing the tool turret 29 from the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 and mounting it on the spindle head 27 on the column 25. The spindle head 17 can move in three directions. The tool W of the chuck 11 is processed by the tool turret 29.

If necessary, the laser beam machine 49 also heats the workpiece W such as quenching. In the case of bar work, the tailstock 32 is used to perform necessary processing.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an appearance of a processing system having a plurality of processing elements. The bed 1 is a table that constitutes the main body of the machine, and has a substantially rectangular plane. On both sides of the bed 1, gutters 2 for removing the working fluid, chips, etc. are integrally formed. On the bed 1, first guide surfaces 3 and 3 are formed on two linear guide rails. A rack 4 is fixed to the side surface of the first guide surface 3.

A feed table 5 is movably provided on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3. A nut is fixed to the lower surface of the feed table 5, and the feed screw 6 is screwed into this nut. An output shaft of an X1 servo motor (not shown) is connected to one end of the feed screw 6. The feed table 5 is moved on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3 by the rotational driving of the X1 servo motor. A headstock 8 is provided above the feed table 5. The headstock 8 can be rotated and indexed and positioned about a direction perpendicular to the X1 direction, that is, around the Y1 axis. The driving for rotation and indexing positioning is performed by the Y1 servomotor 9 via the worm and the worm wheel (see FIG. 3).

A spindle is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 8 by bearings. A chuck 11 is attached to an end surface portion on the front surface side of the spindle. The chuck 11 is for gripping a workpiece. However, on the front end face of the spindle,
Not only the chuck 11 for gripping a workpiece but also a tool turret 29 described later can be mounted. The spindle is rotationally driven at high speed and low speed by a built-in motor embedded in the headstock 8.

On the other hand, on the bed 1, two second guide surfaces 20 and 20 are arranged in the X2 direction parallel to the first guide surfaces 3 and 3.
Are formed. The second guide surface 20, 20 has a second
A feed table 21 is movably provided. Second guide surface 2
The X2 feed screw 19 is arranged along the lines 0 and 20.
The X2 feed screw 19 is screwed into the nut 17 provided on the lower surface of the second feed base 21. One end of the X2 feed screw 19 is connected to the output shaft of the X2 servo motor 18.
After all, by rotating the X2 servo motor 18,
The second feed table 21 moves on the second guide surface 20.

The second feed table 21 has two third guide surfaces 2
Guide rails having 2, 22 are mounted in a direction perpendicular to the second guide surfaces 20, 20. Third guide surface 22, 2
A third feed table 23 is movably provided on the second unit. The third feed table 23 is moved by the Z2 servo motor 24 via the feed screw. Further, a column 25 is integrally provided on the third feed table 23. Fourth guide surfaces 26, 26 are formed on the front surface of the column 25.

A spindle head 27 is provided on the fourth guide surfaces 26, 26 so as to be vertically movable. The spindle head 27 is driven by a Y2 servomotor 28 so as to be vertically movable. Spindle head 2
A main shaft is rotatably supported in the inside of 7.
A tool turret 29 is attached to the end of the spindle on the front side of the spindle. A plurality of tools T are attached to the outer circumference of the tool turret 29. The structure of the front end of the spindle is the same as the structure of the headstock 8 described later, and will not be described here. The tool turret 29 takes out rotational power from the main shaft to rotate the rotary tool attached to the tool turret 29 as described later. Further, the main body of the tool turret 29 can be positioned and fixed to the front end face of the main bearing by a curvic coupling structure.

The tool T attached to the turret 29 is
The workpiece held by the chuck 11 is processed. The bed 1 is further provided with two guide surfaces 31a and 31b having different heights (see FIG. 2). Both guide surfaces 31a and 31b
A tail stock 32 is movably provided on the top.
The tailstock 32 is a stand that supports one end of the workpiece using a center. Further, a servomotor 33 for rotationally driving and indexing the tailstock shaft is provided. Therefore,
The chuck 11 for gripping the workpiece and the tool turret 29 can also be attached to the front end surface 34 of the tailstock shaft.

The work and tool turret magazine 40 has a fourth movable table 41 movably provided on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3. As the servo motor 42 is mounted on the fourth moving table 41, a pinion provided on its output shaft meshes with the rack 4 of the guide rail. The fourth moving base 41 is driven by the servo motor 42 to move on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3. Therefore, the servo motor 4
By turning 2, the fourth moving base 41 is moved on the guide surfaces 3, 3.

A work and tool turret magazine 40 is mounted on the fourth moving table 41. 4th moving table 4
A servomotor 44 for indexing the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 is attached to the machine 1.
A magazine body 46 is indexably provided on the turret table 43 on the fourth moving table 41. Magazine body 4
Reference numeral 6 is an octagon, and turret sockets 47 for mounting the tool turret 29 on the outer peripheral surface thereof are provided at four locations on the outer periphery. A workpiece gripping base (not shown) for gripping and mounting a workpiece on the upper part of the magazine body 46.
Is provided. Therefore, the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 carries the workpiece as well as the tool turret 29.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the fourth movable table 41 taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. A worm 80 is provided on the output shaft of the indexing servomotor 44. Warm
It meshes with the wheel 81. Worm wheel 8
1 is fixed to the magazine body 46. Therefore, by rotating the indexing servomotor 44, the worm 80 is rotated and the worm wheel 81 is indexed and rotated. The magazine body 46 is indexed at a desired angle by the rotation of the worm wheel 81.
By this indexing, the tool turret 29 is indexed to the required angular position. A servo motor 42 is mounted on the fourth moving table 41, and a pinion 82 is connected to this output shaft. The pinion 82 meshes with the rack 4.

A laser processing machine 50 is installed next to the bed 1. The laser processing machine 49 is for performing quenching, cutting, welding, and the like. This laser processing machine 49
The structure of is well known. The laser oscillation head 50 is moved in the three axis directions by the servo motor. This drive mechanism is well known and will not be described in detail here.

Headstock 8 FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the headstock 4 and the first feed table 3, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. The headstock main body 51 has a cubic shape. An indexing shaft 52 is integrally attached to the lower surface of the headstock main body 51. The indexing shaft 52 is rotatably supported by the first feed table 5 by a bearing 53. A worm wheel 54 is fixed to the indexing shaft 52. The worm wheel 54
It meshes with the worm 55. Worm 55 has shaft 5
It is indexed and rotated by a servomotor 9 via 6.

In the headstock main body 51, a low speed spindle 57 for low speed rotation is supported by a bearing 58. Low speed spindle 5
A worm wheel 59 is fixed to the outer periphery of 7. The worm wheel 59 meshes with the worm 72. The worm wheel 59 is rotationally driven by a low speed motor 61 via a shaft 60. An annular curbic coupling 62 is formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57. The curbic coupling 62 is for attaching the tool turret 29 (see FIGS. 7 and 8), a workpiece chuck, or the like.

An annular magnetic chuck 70 is provided on the low speed main shaft 57 and on the outer periphery of the curbic coupling 62. The magnetic chuck 70 is for adsorbing and fixing a square work piece or a jig for fixing a deformed work piece.

A high-speed main shaft 63 for high-speed rotation is rotatably supported by a bearing 64 at the center coaxial with the low-speed main shaft 57. A taper hole 65 is formed on the front surface of the high speed spindle 63. A motor rotor 66 of an AC motor is integrally fixed to the rear end of the high speed main shaft 63. Further, a rotating disk 71 is attached to the high speed spindle 63. The rotating disk 71 is a component that corrects the encoder, and detects the rotation speed, rotation direction, and rotation angle of the high-speed spindle 63. The detailed structure of this encoder is well known, and its explanation is omitted.

A motor / stator 67 is integrally fixed to the headstock main body 51 on the outer periphery of the motor rotor 66. The motor rotor 66 and the motor / stator 67 are AC
Configure the motor. The motor rotor 66 includes an indexing motor (not shown) for indexing to a desired angular position.

The coil inside the motor / stator 67 generates heat due to its internal resistance. Therefore, an oil jacket 68, which is a spiral groove, is formed on the headstock main body 51 on the outer circumference of the motor / stator. Cooling oil cooled by the refrigerating device is made to flow through the oil jacket 68 to cool the motor / stator 67. An unclamp cylinder 69 is provided at the rearmost portion of the high speed spindle 63. The unclamp cylinder 69 is for unclamping the tool held in the tapered hole 65 of the low speed spindle 63. The tool is fixed to the tapered hole 65 by a knurl, a draw bar, and a disc spring, which are well-known structures (not shown).

On the other hand, the tool turret is attached to the low speed spindle 57 as follows. An annular curbic coupling 62 is formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57. The curvic coupling 62 is for engaging with the curvic coupling 93 (FIG. 8) formed on the tool turret 29 to fix the tool turret 29 to the low speed spindle 57.

Tool Turret FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway plan view of the tool turret 29. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. The tool turret 29 is a turret tool post provided with various tools such as a plurality of taps 90, a drill 91 and a turning tool 92 in a radial pattern. For example, the tap 90, which is a rotary tool, is gripped by the tap chuck 93.
The tap chap 93 is provided at one end of the tap shaft 94, and a bevel gear 95 is keyed to the other end of the tap shaft 94. The tool turret body 89 is a body having a flat hexagonal shape and a height.

A tap 90 and a drill 91 are provided on each side of the hexagon.
A rotary tool such as the above, a turning tool 92, and a sub chuck 96 for gripping a workpiece are attached. The tool turret 29 is fixed to the spindle head 27 or the front surface of the headstock 8 during machining. On the side surface of the tool turret body 89, an annular curbic coupling 97 is formed. The curbic coupling 97 meshes with the curbic coupling 62 formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57 to fix the tool turret 29 to the low speed main shaft 57.

A taper shank 98 is rotatably supported at the center of the side surface of the tool turret body 89. A bevel gear 99 is key-fixed to one end of the taper shank 98. The bevel gear 99 meshes with the bevel gear 95. The taper shank 98 is the taper hole 6 of the high-speed spindle 63.
The tool turret 29 is fixed by meshing with 5. A grip portion 88 is formed on the front surface of the tool turret body 89. The grip portion 88 is for inserting and gripping the tool turret 29 into the turret socket 47.

The processing system having a plurality of processing elements of the structure described above works dynamic operates as follows. The NC device 100 selects the tool turret 29 according to the workpiece to be machined. The tool to be mounted on the tool turret 29 is determined in advance according to the processing content of the workpiece. For example, if the processing contents are a drill, an outer diameter, a thread cutting, and an outer peripheral grinding, the tool turret 29 equipped with the drill, the outer diameter bite, the thread cutting bite, and the grindstone is selected so that the processing can be performed.

A plurality of tool turrets 29 are stored in the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40. This tool turret 29 can be replaced by a command from the NC device 100.
The indexing servomotor 44 is activated to rotate the worm 80 and the worm wheel 81, and the tool magazine body 46
To the desired angle (states in FIGS. 1 and 2). This indexing state is a state in which the turret socket 47 side of the tool magazine main body 46, which is open, faces the column 25 side. Simultaneously with or parallel to this indexing, the X2 servo motor 18,
The Z2 servo motor 24 and the Y2 servo motor 28 are activated to move the spindle head 27 to the tool turret 29 replacement position. That is, workpiece and tool turret magazine 4
0 and the main shaft 27 are opposed to each other, and the center lines of the turret socket 47 of the magazine body 46 and the grip portion 96 of the tool turret 29 are aligned.

With the center lines aligned and facing each other, Z2
The servomotor 24 is driven to bring the spindle head 27 closer to the magazine body 46, and the grip portion 88 of the tool turret 29 is moved.
Is inserted into the turret socket 47. Magazine body 46
The inner clamp device grips the grip portion 96. After this gripping, the tool clamping device in the spindle head 27 is moved to the tool turret 2
Release the clamp of 9. After this, Z2 servo motor 2
4 is started and the spindle head 27 is separated from the magazine body 46 again.

The indexing servomotor 44 on the fourth moving table 41 is activated to index the magazine body 46 at a desired angle. When the target tool turret 29 is located on the column 25 side, the Z2 servomotor 24 is moved again to bring the spindle head 27 closer to the magazine body 46. The clamping device in the spindle head 27 is a taper shank 98 of the tool turret 29.
To hold. After this gripping, the clamping device in the magazine body 46 releases the tool turret 29. With the above operation, the exchanging operation of the tool turret 29 is completed.

On the other hand, the workpiece W is held by the chuck 11 after or before the replacement of the tool turret 29. The work and tool turret magazine 40 is supplied with the work from a stocker (not shown) of the work and tool turret 29 arranged on the side surface of the bed 1 and mounted. The work and tool turret magazine 40 carries a work, moves on the inner surfaces 3, 3 and supplies the work to the chuck 11. The headstock 8 may be moved or the workpiece may be gripped without this movement.

Next, the X2 servo motor 18, Z2 servo motor 24, and Y2 servo motor 28 are driven to drive the spindle head 2
7 is moved to a predetermined processing position. Rotate the high-speed spindle 63 to rotate the chuck 11, and perform turning, milling, drilling with the tool in the tool turret 29 of the spindle head 27,
Grind. At this time, the processing is performed by the X2, Y2 and Z2 axes.

Further, if necessary, the motor rotor 66 is electromagnetically fixed, the high-speed spindle 63 is fixed, the Y1 servomotor 9 is driven, and the spindle stock 8 is indexed and rotated around the axis of Y1 for simultaneous 5 rotations. Perform the required machining on the shaft. In the case of a long workpiece W, the workpiece W is held between the tail stock 32 and the chuck 11 and the same machining such as normal turning, cylindrical grinding, and milling is performed. Further, for the workpiece W that needs to be quenched, quench laser welding is performed by oscillating a laser from the laser oscillation head 50.

The processed tool W is mounted on the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 and discharged.

[0052]

[Other Embodiments] The tail stock 32 described above includes
Although no chuck is provided for the work piece, the tail stock 32 has a servo motor 33 for rotational driving and indexing, so a chuck for the work piece may be provided here.
The supply of the workpiece W may be supplied or removed by a robot (not shown) arranged near the bed 1 or a workpiece supplying / discharging device (not shown) provided on the upper portion.

[0053]

As described in detail above, since the machining system having a plurality of machining elements of the present invention can perform all kinds of machining and laser machining, a single machining machine can perform a considerable type of machining. . Further, since a large number of types of processing are performed in one processing machine, the transfer time is short, and as a result the processing time can be shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional layout diagram showing an appearance of a processing system having a plurality of processing elements.

FIG. 2 is a view on arrow II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a headstock.

4 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a headstock.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a tool turret.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Bed, 2 ... Gutter, 3 ... Guide surface, 4 ... Rack, 5 ... Feed base, 8 ... Spindle base, 9 ... Y1 servo motor, 10 ... CI
Servo motor, 11 ... Chuck, 20 ... Second guide surface, 2
2 ... 3rd guide surface, 23 ... 3rd feed table, 24 ... Z2 servomotor, 25 ... Column, 27 ... Spindle head, 29 ... Tool turret, 32 ... Tail stock, 40 ... Workpiece and tool turret magazine, 49 ... laser processing machine, 50 ... laser oscillation head, 57 ... low-speed spindle, 63 ... high-speed spindle, 65 ...
Taper hole

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A processing system capable of continuously processing different processing contents in one set-up, comprising the following requirements: a. A bed (1), b. The first guide surface (3, 3 provided on the bed (1)
3) a feed table (5) which is moved and driven on at least a first direction, and c. A headstock (8) provided on the feed table (5) and swiveled by an arbitrary angle about an axis line in a direction perpendicular to the first direction; and d. A chuck (1) for gripping a workpiece on the headstock (8)
1) or a tool turret (29) holding a plurality of tools
For mounting at least one main shaft (57,6
3), and e. The second guide surface (20, 20 provided on the bed (1)
20) a second feed table (21) which is moved and driven in a second direction, and f. A third feed table (23) provided on the second feed table (21) and moved and driven in a direction perpendicular to the second direction.
And g. The column (2) provided on the third feed table (23)
5), and h. A spindle head (27) provided on the column (25) and moved and driven in a direction perpendicular to the second feed table (2) and the third feed table (23); i. A second spindle for attaching the chuck (11) or the tool turret (29) to the spindle head (27), j. A machining system having a plurality of machining elements comprising: a tool turret (29) and an index magazine (40) for supplying a workpiece, facing the first spindle (57) or the second spindle. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a. A tailstock (32) which is provided at a position where it can move the guide surfaces (31a, 31b) of the bed (1) and can at least face the headstock (8), and which holds at least the workpiece. A processing system having a plurality of processing elements consisting of: 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a. A machining having a plurality of machining elements, which is provided in the vicinity of the bed (1) and is provided with a laser oscillator (49) for irradiating the workpiece with laser light to perform machining with thermal energy. system.