JPH058101A - Spindle drive device for machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain smooth rotation of a spindle at high and low speeds by providing two spindles to enable mounting of both a work piece and a tool chuck thereon. CONSTITUTION:This device is provided on a head stock 8 and composed of a high spindle 63 for mounting a work-gripping chuck or tool turret thereon, built-in motors 66 and 67 for rotating and driving a high speed spindle 63, a low speed spindle 57 provided co-axially with the high speed spindle 63 and driven mainly at low speed, a magnetic chuck 70 for engaging a workpiece or tool with the front of the low speed spindle 57 in rotating, and a curbic coupling 62.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spindle drive device for machine tools. More specifically, the present invention relates to a spindle drive device of a machine tool for driving a spindle of a machine tool on which a workpiece or a tool is mounted and rotated at high speed and low speed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, the rotation of a spindle for driving a work such as a machining center or a tool has been accelerated in recent years.
This is because light metal such as aluminum is machined at high speed because of its good machinability, is improved for improving cutting efficiency, and is ground.

On the other hand, in order to efficiently cut a relatively hard metal material such as steel, processing is performed at a low speed and with a large cut. High torque is required for spindle rotation in this low speed region. From such a background, conventionally, a method is known in which the rotation of the main shaft is driven at low speed or high speed by separate motors. For example, a high-speed drive is driven by a built-in motor. The motor stator is built in and fixed to the main spindle head body, and the motor stator portion is built in the main spindle. On the other hand, the low speed side motor is provided in the head main body and drives the main shaft via the reduction transmission gear mechanism. The spindle is driven by switching to a high-speed or low-speed motor according to the processing content.

[0004]

The conventional spindle uses the same spindle during high speed or low speed driving. Therefore, the structure of the main shaft does not correspond to the rotational speed of the main shaft. That is, for high speed use, it is necessary to make it light even if it is low in steel property, and for low speed rotation, it is required to have high steel property even if it is heavy. That is, the specifications for the high-speed and low-speed spindles are basically different.

The present invention has been invented in the background as described above, and achieves the following objects.

An object of the present invention is to provide a spindle drive device for a machine tool for smoothing high-speed and low-speed rotation of the spindle.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] To solve the above problems, the following means are adopted.

A spindle for a machine tool for rotationally driving a tool or a work, which has the following requirements: a. A headstock (8) provided with a plurality of spindles (57, 63) for driving the workpiece or tool; b. Provided on the headstock (8), the main spindle (57, 6
A first spindle (63) for mounting a chuck or tool for gripping a work piece in 3); c. First drive means (66, 67) for rotationally driving the first main shaft (63) at an arbitrary rotational speed and fixing it at an arbitrary angular position; d. First engaging means (65) provided on the first spindle (63) for engaging the workpiece or tool during rotational driving.
And e. A second spindle (57) provided coaxially with the first spindle (63) and driven mainly at a different rotation speed from the first spindle (63); f. Mainly the second spindle (57) and the first spindle (63)
Second driving means (10, 59, 72) for rotationally driving at a rotational speed different from that and fixing at an arbitrary angular position, g. Second engaging means (62) provided on the second spindle (57) for engaging the workpiece or tool during rotational driving.
It is a machine tool spindle drive consisting of and.

The first driving means (66, 67) of the spindle driving device of the machine tool has the rotor (66) or the stator (67) incorporated in the headstock (8), and the spindle (57, 63). It is effective to incorporate either one of the rotor (66) and the stator (67) into the above). Further, the first engagement means (65) or the second engagement means (62) is an annular curbic coupling (6).
2) is effective. Furthermore, the main shaft (5
A magnetic chuck (70) for gripping a workpiece may be provided on the front end surface of the (7, 63).

[0010]

[Operation] The first spindle is used by rotating it in a relatively high speed range. The second spindle is used in a speed range lower than that of the first spindle. The first spindle is driven by a built-in motor. The second spindle is arranged on the outer circumference of the first spindle. The first and second spindles can be stopped at arbitrary angular positions. The first and second spindles can be equipped with a jaw chuck or a tool turret for gripping a work piece. A magnetic chuck for gripping the workpiece is also provided on the second spindle.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an appearance of a processing system having a plurality of processing elements. The bed 1 is a table that constitutes the main body of the machine, and has a substantially rectangular plane. On both sides of the bed 1, gutters 2 for removing the working fluid, chips, etc. are integrally formed. On the bed 1, first guide surfaces 3 and 3 are formed on two linear guide rails. A rack 4 is fixed to the side surface of the first guide surface 3.

A feed table 5 is movably provided on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3. A nut is fixed to the lower surface of the feed table 5, and the feed screw 6 is screwed into this nut. An output shaft of an X1 servo motor (not shown) is connected to one end of the feed screw 6. The feed table 5 is moved on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3 by the rotational driving of the X1 servo motor. A headstock 8 is provided above the feed table 5. The headstock 8 can be rotated and indexed and positioned about a direction perpendicular to the X1 direction, that is, around the Y1 axis. The drive for rotation and indexing positioning is performed by the Y1 servomotor 9 via the worm and the worm wheel (see FIG. 3).

A spindle is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 8 by bearings. A chuck 11 is attached to an end surface portion on the front surface side of the spindle. The chuck 11 is for gripping a workpiece. However, on the front end face of the spindle,
Not only the chuck 11 for gripping a workpiece but also a tool turret 29 described later can be mounted. The spindle is rotationally driven at high speed and low speed by a built-in motor embedded in the headstock 8.

On the other hand, on the bed 1, two second guide surfaces 20 and 20 are arranged in the X2 direction parallel to the first guide surfaces 3 and 3.
Are formed. The second guide surface 20, 20 has a second
A feed table 21 is movably provided. Second guide surface 2
The X2 feed screw 19 is arranged along the lines 0 and 20.
The X2 feed screw 19 is screwed into the nut 17 provided on the lower surface of the second feed base 21. One end of the X2 feed screw 19 is connected to the output shaft of the X2 servo motor 18.
After all, by rotating the X2 servo motor 18,
The second feed table 21 moves on the second guide surface 20.

The second feed table 21 has two third guide surfaces 2
Guide rails having 2, 22 are mounted in a direction perpendicular to the second guide surfaces 20, 20. Third guide surface 22, 2
A third feed table 23 is movably provided on the second unit. The third feed table 23 is moved by the Z2 servo motor 24 via the feed screw. Further, a column 25 is integrally provided on the third feed table 23. Fourth guide surfaces 26, 26 are formed on the front surface of the column 25.

A spindle head 27 is provided on the fourth guide surfaces 26, 26 so as to be vertically movable. The spindle head 27 is driven by a Y2 servomotor 28 so as to be vertically movable. Spindle head 2
A main shaft is rotatably supported in the inside of 7.
A tool turret 29 is attached to the end of the spindle on the front side of the spindle. A plurality of tools T are attached to the outer circumference of the tool turret 29. The structure of the front end of the spindle is the same as the structure of the headstock 8 described later, and will not be described here. The tool turret 29 takes out rotational power from the main shaft to rotate the rotary tool attached to the tool turret 29 as described later. Further, the main body of the tool turret 29 can be positioned and fixed to the front end face of the main bearing by a curvic coupling structure.

The tool T attached to the turret 29 is
The workpiece held by the chuck 11 is processed. The bed 1 is further provided with two guide surfaces 31a and 31b having different heights (see FIG. 2). Both guide surfaces 31a and 31b
A tail stock 32 is movably provided on the top.
The tailstock 32 is a stand that supports one end of the workpiece using a center. Further, a servomotor 33 for rotationally driving and indexing the tailstock shaft is provided. Therefore,
The chuck 11 for gripping the workpiece and the tool turret 29 can also be attached to the front end surface 34 of the tailstock shaft.

[0018]Work and tool turret magazine 40   The 4th movable stand 41 can move freely on the 1st guide surfaces 3 and 3.
It is provided in. Servo mode is set on the 4th moving base 41.
As the motor 42 is mounted on the output shaft,
The union meshes with the rack 4 of the guide rail. Fourth
The moving base 41 moves the servo motor 42 on the first guide surfaces 3 and 3.
It is driven by and moves. Therefore, the servo motor
By turning 42, the fourth moving base 41 moves on the guide surfaces 3 and 3.
Be moved.

A work and tool turret magazine 40 is mounted on the fourth moving table 41. 4th moving table 4
A servomotor 44 for indexing the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 is attached to the machine 1.
A magazine body 46 is indexably provided on the turret table 43 on the fourth moving table 41. Magazine body 4
Reference numeral 6 is an octagon, and turret sockets 47 for mounting the tool turret 29 on the outer peripheral surface thereof are provided at four locations on the outer periphery. A workpiece gripping base (not shown) for gripping and mounting a workpiece on the upper part of the magazine body 46.
Is provided. Therefore, the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 carries the workpiece as well as the tool turret 29.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the fourth movable table 41 taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. A worm 80 is provided on the output shaft of the indexing servomotor 44. Warm
It meshes with the wheel 81. Worm wheel 8
1 is fixed to the magazine body 46. Therefore, by rotating the indexing servomotor 44, the worm 80 is rotated and the worm wheel 81 is indexed and rotated. The magazine body 46 is indexed at a desired angle by the rotation of the worm wheel 81.
By this indexing, the tool turret 29 is indexed to the required angular position. A servo motor 42 is mounted on the fourth moving table 41, and a pinion 82 is connected to this output shaft. The pinion 82 meshes with the rack 4.

Next to the bed 1, a laser processing machine 50 is installed. The laser processing machine 49 is for performing quenching, cutting, welding, and the like. This laser processing machine 49
The structure of is well known. The laser oscillation head 50 is moved in the three axis directions by the servo motor. This drive mechanism is well known and will not be described in detail here.

[0022]Headstock 8   FIG. 3 is a cut sectional view of the headstock 4 and the first feed table 3.
4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. Headstock
The main body 51 has a cubic shape. Spindle script
An indexing shaft 52 is integrally attached to the lower surface of the body 51.
There is. The indexing shaft 52 is rotatably driven by the bearing 53 to the first feed.
It is supported by the table 5. The index shaft 52 has a warm hoist.
The ruler 54 is fixed. The worm wheel 54
It meshes with the worm 55. Worm 55 has shaft 5
It is indexed and rotated by a servomotor 9 via 6.

A low speed spindle 57 for low speed rotation is supported by a bearing 58 in the headstock main body 51. Low speed spindle 5
A worm wheel 59 is fixed to the outer periphery of 7. The worm wheel 59 meshes with the worm 72. The worm wheel 59 is rotationally driven by a low speed motor 61 via a shaft 60. An annular curbic coupling 62 is formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57. The curbic coupling 62 is for attaching the tool turret 29 (see FIGS. 7 and 8), a workpiece chuck, or the like.

An annular magnetic chuck 70 is provided on the low speed main shaft 57 and on the outer periphery of the curbic coupling 62. The magnetic chuck 70 is for adsorbing and fixing a square work piece or a jig for fixing a deformed work piece.

A high-speed main shaft 63 for high-speed rotation is rotatably supported by a bearing 64 coaxially with the low-speed main shaft 57. A taper hole 65 is formed on the front surface of the high speed spindle 63. A motor rotor 66 of an AC motor is integrally fixed to the rear end of the high speed main shaft 63. Further, a rotating disk 71 is attached to the high speed spindle 63. The rotating disk 71 is a component that corrects the encoder, and detects the rotation speed, rotation direction, and rotation angle of the high-speed spindle 63. The detailed structure of this encoder is well known, and its explanation is omitted.

A motor / stator 67 is integrally fixed to the headstock main body 51 on the outer periphery of the motor rotor 66. The motor rotor 66 and the motor / stator 67 are AC
Configure the motor. The motor rotor 66 includes an indexing motor (not shown) for indexing to a desired angular position.

The coil in the motor / stator 67 generates heat due to its internal resistance. Therefore, an oil jacket 68, which is a spiral groove, is formed on the headstock main body 51 on the outer circumference of the motor / stator. Cooling oil cooled by the refrigerating device is made to flow through the oil jacket 68 to cool the motor / stator 67. An unclamp cylinder 69 is provided at the rearmost portion of the high speed spindle 63. The unclamp cylinder 69 is for unclamping the tool held in the tapered hole 65 of the low speed spindle 63. The tool is fixed to the tapered hole 65 by a knurl, a draw bar, and a disc spring, which are well-known structures (not shown).

On the other hand, the tool turret is attached to the low speed spindle 57 as follows. An annular curbic coupling 62 is formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57. The curvic coupling 62 is for engaging with the curvic coupling 93 (FIG. 8) formed on the tool turret 29 to fix the tool turret 29 to the low speed spindle 57.

[0029]Tool turret   FIG. 7 shows a partially broken plane of the tool turret 29.
It is a figure. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG.
The tool turret 29 has a plurality of taps 90 and
A variety of tools such as rotary tools such as tool 91 and turning tool 92 are provided.
It is a turret tool post that is installed. For example, with a rotary tool
The tap 90 is held by the tap chuck 93.
It The tap chap 93 is provided at one end of the tap shaft 94.
And a bevel gear 95 is attached to the other end of the tap shaft 94.
The key is locked. The tool turret body 89 has a flat surface 6
The main body has a rectangular shape and height.

A tap 90 and a drill 91 are provided on each side of the hexagon.
A rotary tool such as the above, a turning tool 92, and a sub chuck 96 for gripping a workpiece are attached. The tool turret 29 is fixed to the spindle head 27 or the front surface of the headstock 8 during machining. On the side surface of the tool turret body 89, an annular curbic coupling 97 is formed. The curbic coupling 97 meshes with the curbic coupling 62 formed on the front end surface of the low speed main shaft 57 to fix the tool turret 29 to the low speed main shaft 57.

A taper shank 98 is rotatably supported at the center of the side surface of the tool turret body 89. A bevel gear 99 is key-fixed to one end of the taper shank 98. The bevel gear 99 meshes with the bevel gear 95. The taper shank 98 is the taper hole 6 of the high-speed spindle 63.
The tool turret 29 is fixed by meshing with 5. A grip portion 88 is formed on the front surface of the tool turret body 89. The grip portion 88 is for inserting and gripping the tool turret 29 into the turret socket 47.

[0032]Action   A machining system with multiple machining elements having the above structure
The system operates as follows. Is this the NC device 100?
Tool turret 29 according to the workpiece to be machined
Select. The tool turret 29 can be used for machining work pieces.
The tool to be installed is decided in advance. example
For example, the processing contents are drill, outer diameter, thread cutting, and outer peripheral grinding.
If so, drill, outer diameter so that they can be processed
Tool turret equipped with a cutting tool, thread cutting tool and grindstone
29.

A plurality of tool turrets 29 are stored in the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40. This tool turret 29 can be replaced by a command from the NC device 100.
The indexing servomotor 44 is activated to rotate the worm 80 and the worm wheel 81, and the tool magazine body 46
To the desired angle (states in FIGS. 1 and 2). This indexing state is a state in which the turret socket 47 side of the tool magazine main body 46, which is open, faces the column 25 side. Simultaneously with or parallel to this indexing, the X2 servo motor 18,
The Z2 servo motor 24 and the Y2 servo motor 28 are activated to move the spindle head 27 to the tool turret 29 replacement position. That is, workpiece and tool turret magazine 4
0 and the main shaft 27 are opposed to each other, and the center lines of the turret socket 47 of the magazine body 46 and the grip portion 96 of the tool turret 29 are aligned.

With the center lines aligned and facing each other, Z2
The servomotor 24 is driven to bring the spindle head 27 closer to the magazine body 46, and the grip portion 88 of the tool turret 29 is moved.
Is inserted into the turret socket 47. Magazine body 46
The inner clamp device grips the grip portion 96. After this gripping, the tool clamping device in the spindle head 27 is moved to the tool turret 2
Release the clamp of 9. After this, Z2 servo motor 2
4 is started and the spindle head 27 is separated from the magazine body 46 again.

The indexing servomotor 44 on the fourth moving table 41 is activated to index the magazine body 46 at a desired angle. When the target tool turret 29 is located on the column 25 side, the Z2 servomotor 24 is moved again to bring the spindle head 27 closer to the magazine body 46. The clamping device in the spindle head 27 is a taper shank 98 of the tool turret 29.
To hold. After this gripping, the clamping device in the magazine body 46 releases the tool turret 29. With the above operation, the exchange operation of the tool turret 29 is completed.

On the other hand, the workpiece W is held by the chuck 11 after or before the replacement of the tool turret 29. The work and tool turret magazine 40 is supplied with the work from a stocker (not shown) of the work and tool turret 29 arranged on the side surface of the bed 1 and mounted. The work and tool turret magazine 40 carries a work, moves on the inner surfaces 3, 3 and supplies the work to the chuck 11. The headstock 8 may be moved or the workpiece may be gripped without this movement.

Next, the X2 servo motor 18, the Z2 servo motor 24, and the Y2 servo motor 28 are driven to drive the spindle head 2
7 is moved to a predetermined processing position. Rotate the high-speed spindle 63 to rotate the chuck 11, and perform turning, milling, drilling with the tool in the tool turret 29 of the spindle head 27,
Grind. At this time, the processing is performed by the X2, Y2 and Z2 axes.

Further, if necessary, the motor rotor 66 is electromagnetically fixed, the high-speed spindle 63 is fixed, the Y1 servomotor 9 is driven, and the spindle stock 8 is indexed and rotated around the axis of Y1 to simultaneously perform 5 operations. Perform the required machining on the shaft. In the case of a long workpiece W, the workpiece W is held between the tail stock 32 and the chuck 11 and the same machining such as normal turning, cylindrical grinding, and milling is performed. Further, for the workpiece W that needs to be quenched, quench laser welding is performed by oscillating a laser from the laser oscillation head 50.

The tool W which has been processed is mounted on the workpiece and tool turret magazine 40 and discharged.

[0040]

[Other Embodiments] The main shaft described above has a high-speed axis at the center and a low-speed axis at the outer circumference, but the reverse arrangement is also possible. The driving means is not limited to the built-in motor, and other known means may be used. The tail stock 32 described above is not equipped with a chuck for a workpiece, but since the tail stock 32 has a servo motor 33 for rotational driving and indexing, a chuck for a workpiece is provided here. Is also good. The supply of the workpiece W may be supplied or removed by a robot (not shown) arranged near the bed 1 or a workpiece supplying / discharging device (not shown) provided on the upper portion.

[0041]

As described above in detail, the spindle drive device of the present invention can freely select the rotation speed at high speed and low speed. In addition, the number of processing axes can be increased. Further, any of a work piece, a tool turret, etc. can be arbitrarily attached.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional layout diagram showing an appearance of a processing system having a plurality of processing elements.

FIG. 2 is a view on arrow II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a headstock.

4 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a headstock.

6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a tool turret.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Bed, 2 ... Gutter, 3 ... Guide surface, 4 ... Rack, 5 ... Feed base, 8 ... Spindle base, 9 ... Y1 servo motor, 10 ... CI
Servo motor, 11 ... Chuck, 20 ... Second guide surface, 2
2 ... 3rd guide surface, 23 ... 3rd feed table, 24 ... Z2 servomotor, 25 ... Column, 27 ... Spindle head, 29 ... Tool turret, 32 ... Tail stock, 40 ... Workpiece and tool turret magazine, 49 ... laser processing machine, 50 ... laser oscillation head, 57 ... low-speed spindle, 63 ... high-speed spindle, 65 ...
Taper hole

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A spindle for a machine tool for rotationally driving a tool or a work, which comprises the following requirements: a. A headstock (8) provided with a plurality of spindles (57, 63) for driving the workpiece or tool; b. Provided on the headstock (8), the main spindle (57, 6
A first spindle (63) for mounting a chuck or tool for gripping a work piece in 3); c. First drive means (66, 67) for rotationally driving the first main shaft (63) at an arbitrary rotational speed and fixing it at an arbitrary angular position; d. First engaging means (65) provided on the first spindle (63) for engaging the workpiece or tool during rotational driving.
And e. A second spindle (57) provided coaxially with the first spindle (63) and driven mainly at a different rotation speed from the first spindle (63); f. Mainly the second spindle (57) and the first spindle (63)
Second driving means (10, 59, 72) for rotationally driving at a rotational speed different from that and fixing at an arbitrary angular position, g. Second engaging means (62) provided on the second spindle (57) for engaging the workpiece or tool during rotational driving.
A spindle drive unit for machine tools consisting of and. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a. The first drive means (66, 67) has a rotor (66) or a stator (67) incorporated in the headstock (8), and the rotor (6) is attached to the main shaft (57, 63).
6) or a stator (67) incorporated therein, a spindle drive device for a machine tool. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a. The spindle drive device for a machine tool, wherein the first engagement means (65) or the second engagement means (62) is an annular curbic coupling (62). 4. The magnetic chuck (70) for gripping a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the front end surface of the spindle (57, 63) is provided. The main spindle drive device for machine tools.