JP2007075995A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool which machines an inner diameter of a deep hole while it is a five-spindle combined machining machine and small-sized; facilitating design and control without greatly increasing cost by being provided on the same tool rest; sufficiently keeping compact side without requiring large height for retracting the tool rest and a ram at the time of deep hole machining, because of contacting/separating a tool to/from work by using the movement of the tool rest in case of the deep hole and inserting the tool into the work for machining movement by movement of the ram. <P>SOLUTION: The machine tool comprises: a horizontal cross rail 3 provided in an intersecting state on a column 2 provided in a standing state to a turning table 1; and the tool rest 5 through a vertical cross rail 4 so as to move in a lateral direction and a vertical direction. On the tool rest 5, a tool attaching portion 6 equipped with a tool 7 is provided so as to rotate in an A-shaft indexing direction. The tool 7 carrying out deep hole inner diameter turning of the work W is provided in a lower end portion of the ram 8 provided so as to move in a Z-axis direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, a lathe, a milling machine, or a combined 5-axis machine having a turning function and a milling function (a turning center capable of simultaneous 5-axis control).

  Conventionally, lathes, milling machines, and even complex curved surfaces can be processed with high efficiency, and multiple processes such as vertical, horizontal, and slanted holes, threading, and milling can be performed with one chucking and with standard tools. Vertical composite 5-axis machines with turning and milling functions are used. Generally, on lathes and milling machines, a cross rail is provided on a column that stands up against the turning table. A tool mounting portion is provided on a tool post provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) along the rail, or a ram having a main shaft is provided, and a tool mounting portion is provided at a lower end portion of the ram. Further, in a complex 5-axis machining apparatus, generally, a column is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) with respect to the column bed, and a cross rail is provided on this column so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). A tool post is provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (left and right direction) along the cross rail, and a ram provided with a main shaft is provided on this tool post, and the ram can be tilted in the left and right direction (B-axis indexable). By providing a tool, turning a table for setting a workpiece located below the tool in the rotational direction (C-axis indexable), and simply chucking the tool to the tool mounting part at the lower end of the ram, It is configured to perform multi-step processing by movement control.

  However, in any of the machining mechanisms, when the tool is moved and controlled in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction), the cross-rail is moved up and down, so that the cross rail becomes an obstacle and deep hole machining cannot be performed.

  In other words, since the Z-axis movement is caused by the vertical movement of the cross rail, for example, when the tool is tilted on the inner surface and turned (or milled), the cross rail interferes and the Z-axis stroke is large. There is a problem that deep hole machining, especially deep hole inner surface machining cannot be performed. Further, the B-axis movement amount is also limited.

  It is considered that a long tool may be attached to the tool mounting portion of the ram so that the cross rail does not get in the way even in deep hole machining, but if the tool itself is too long, it does not have strength. That is, since the length of the tool is limited, there is a problem that the conventional machine tool cannot sufficiently cope with deep hole machining. Moreover, the indexing direction of the tool and the amount of movement thereof are limited by the interference of the cross rail.

JP 2004-66430 A

  However, for example, a tool mounting portion (universal head) that can be indexed to the A-axis or B-axis and a tool mounting portion (turret head) that can be selectively switched are provided on the tool post or the ram provided on the tool post. Even if it is configured, even if it is provided at the lower end of the ram, the inner diameter of the deep hole can be turned due to the large tool mounting part equipped with this rotation mechanism (because there is a limit to downsizing), but the small diameter deep hole In particular, it is not possible to carry out internal diameter turning of a deep hole with a small diameter of φ700 mm or less.

  In addition, if the angle head provided as the tool attachment part at the lower end of the ram is an attachment method, it is possible to turn the inner diameter of a deep hole with a smaller diameter than when a universal head is provided, but each time a tool change is required. On the contrary, it is difficult to cope with machining at an arbitrary angle due to the necessity of downsizing the attachment because of a long exchange time.

  On the other hand, if the turret is provided separately on the cross rail and has two heads, each requires a changer, requires a retreat time, requires two systems for tool change and processing control, and needs to be designed so as not to interfere. It is not easy to design and manufacture.

  The present invention has a problem that conventional lathes, milling machines, turning centers and other machine tools, in particular, 5-axis multi-task machines, can perform deep hole internal turning, but cannot perform small internal turning. Focusing on the point, and without having to make this two heads, the one-head configuration based on one turret does not require a significant design change, complicated configuration or its control, and without significant cost increase. This is a solution to this problem, and the tool mounting part that is controlled to rotate, such as a universal head that can be indexed to one turret to be moved, and the turning of the inner diameter of a small-diameter deep hole on this turret. A ram that can be moved up and down is provided, and a tool for machining this small diameter deep hole is provided at the lower end of the ram that can be moved up and down, so that the inner diameter of a deep hole can be processed even with a small diameter. And Designing, manufacturing, and control is easy because it is provided on a single turret, and there is no significant cost increase. In the case of deep holes, the tool is moved to and away from the workpiece using the movement of the turret, and inserted into the workpiece by moving the ram. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a very innovative machine tool that does not require a large height for retracting the tool post and the ram at the time of deep hole machining and can maintain a sufficiently compact size.

  The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  A tool post 5 is provided so as to be movable in the left and right direction and the vertical direction via a horizontal cross rail 3 and a vertical cross rail 4 provided in an intersecting state with a column 2 provided in an upright state with respect to the turning table 1. 5 is provided with a tool mounting portion 6 so as to be rotatable, and the processing direction of the tool 7 provided on the tool mounting portion 6 can be indexed and adjusted to be rotatable or the tool 7 can be freely selected for rotation switching. A ram 8 having a small outer diameter is provided in the tool post 5 provided in parallel with the tool mounting portion 6 provided to the tool mounting portion 6 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. A tool 7 for performing at least deep hole internal turning of the workpiece W is provided at the lower end portion of the ram 8, and the tool 7 provided at the lower end portion of the ram 8 is moved by moving the tool rest 5 in the Z-axis direction. The tool provided on the tool post 5 The tool 7 for performing the deep hole inner diameter turning processing is inserted into the deep hole of the workpiece W through the ram 8 by the movement in the Z axis direction of the workpiece W so that the inner diameter turning of the small diameter deep hole can be performed. It relates to a featured machine tool.

  Further, the turning table 1 provided to be rotatable in the C-axis indexing direction is movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the column 2 or the column 2 is provided to be movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the turning table 1, A column 2 is provided so as to be relatively movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the workpiece W on the turning table 1, and a horizontal cross rail 3 provided at a predetermined height position of the column 2 in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Y-axis direction; A vertical cross rail 4 provided in the vertical Z-axis direction is provided in a crossed state, and a horizontal cross rail 3 provided in this crossed state and the vertical cross rail 4 are used to move the tool rest 5 in the X-axis direction and the vertical direction. The tool mounting portion 6 is provided on the tool post 5 so as to be rotatable in the A-axis or B-axis indexing direction, and the machining direction of the tool 7 provided on the tool mounting portion 6 is provided. Indexing rotation adjustment The tool 7 can be freely or selectively switched, and the tool rest 5 provided with the tool mounting portion 6 in parallel with the tool mounting portion 6 provided to be freely rotatable has a small diameter if necessary. A ram 8 set to have a small outer diameter is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a tool 7 for performing deep hole inner diameter turning of the workpiece W is provided at the lower end of the ram 8. The provided tool 7 is provided so as to be movable toward and away from the workpiece W by the movement of the tool rest 5 in the Z-axis direction, and the ram 8 provided on the tool rest 5 is moved into the deep hole of the workpiece W by the movement in the Z-axis direction. The present invention relates to a machine tool characterized in that a tool 7 for performing deep hole inner diameter pre-turning is inserted through a ram 8 so that inner diameter turning of a small diameter deep hole can be performed.

  Further, the tool mounting portion 6 is configured such that the rotation direction of the tool mounting portion 6 can be freely indexed on the A axis, and at least the tool mounting portion 6 is indexed and rotated to process the tool 7 provided on the tool mounting portion 6. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the direction can be indexed and pivotally adjusted.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the universal head can be used for machining at an arbitrary angle, simplifies the tool change operation, and can index the A-axis or B-axis on one tool post for movement control. In addition to the tool mounting part that is controlled to rotate, etc., this turret is provided with a ram for turning the inside diameter of the small diameter deep hole so that it can move up and down, and this small diameter is provided at the lower end of the ram that can be moved up and down. Because the tool for deep hole drilling is provided, it is possible to process the inner diameter of the deep hole even if it is a small diameter, and by providing it on the same tool post, it is easy to design and control and does not significantly increase the cost. Also, in the case of deep holes, the tool post is moved to and away from the workpiece using the movement of the tool post and inserted into the workpiece by the movement of the ram. Without needing enough Pact of it becomes extremely innovative machine tools that can be maintained.

  In particular, the invention according to claim 2 is a five-axis multi-tasking machine and can be controlled by five axes. Complex machining can be easily performed with one chucking and with a standard tool. In addition to being able to handle machining and simplifying the tool change work, it is possible to carry out deep hole inner diameter machining even with a small diameter, and it is easy to design by providing it on the same tool post. This makes it possible to provide an extremely innovative machine tool that is easy to control and does not significantly increase costs.

  Embodiments of the present invention that are considered suitable (how to carry out the invention) will be briefly described with reference to the drawings, illustrating the operation of the present invention.

  For example, when a small-diameter deep hole inner diameter is processed, the contact / separation movement with respect to the workpiece W is performed by movement control of the tool post 5, and the inner diameter is processed by the tool 7 provided in the ram 8 by inserting a ram 8 for further inner diameter processing. Since the turret 5 has a configuration that uses the vertical movement of the tool post 5, the stroke of the ram 8 does not require a large retraction amount even if it is a deep hole, so the retraction height is not so much required, and the height limit of the machine can be reduced. By setting the outer diameter of the ram 8, a deep hole having a considerably small diameter can be processed.

  Therefore, for example, the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, A-axis index for indexing the mounting inclination of the tool 7 and C-axis index for the workpiece W turning table 1 are controlled simultaneously by complex control. It is a revolutionary machine tool that can perform highly curved processing and can process even deep holes with high efficiency.

  In addition, by providing the tool 7 on the tool mounting portion 6 provided so as to be indexable in the A-axis, the machining angle of the tool 7 can be adjusted, or switching can be selected by rotating a plurality of tools 7 provided. Can be.

  In addition, when such a tool mounting portion 6 (universal head) is provided, even if the configuration is provided at the lower end of the ram 8, there is a limit to the miniaturization of the joint portion, so that the inner diameter that can be deep drilled is about φ700 mm or more, Unlike the conventional machine, the present invention is different from the conventional machine in that the present invention is provided with the rotatable tool mounting portion 6 on the turret 5 to be moved, and the turret 5 is separately provided. A small-diameter ram 8 is provided so as to be movable up and down, and a tool 7 for machining the inner diameter of a small-diameter deep hole is provided at the lower end of the ram 8 provided so as to be movable up and down. The same turret 5 is moved and controlled, and the ram 8 provided on the turret 5 is inserted into the deep hole and the inner diameter is processed by the tool 7 provided on the ram 8, so the outer diameter of the ram 8 is set to be small. It is possible to So that the well can be performed.

  Moreover, according to the present invention, the tool 7 is attached to the tool post 5 that is controlled to move as described above via the tool mounting portion 6 that can turn and rotate the A-axis like a 5-axis compound machine tool that can control 5-axis. In addition, the ram 8 is provided on the tool post 5 so as to be further movable up and down, and the tool 7 for turning the inner diameter of the small diameter deep hole is provided at the lower end portion of the ram 8. Since the mounting part 6 and the ram 8 that can move up and down are provided and can be configured to perform 5-axis machining and small-diameter deep hole inside diameter machining, the design is easy and control is not complicated, and the minimum necessary tools With exchange control, in addition to 5-axis simultaneous combined machining, small diameter deep hole inner diameter machining can be easily realized without significant cost increase.

  Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The present embodiment is an embodiment configured as a 5-axis composite machine tool, and the turning table 1 is slidably provided in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) on a column bed 9 in which the column 2 is erected. The turning table 1 (work table) is provided on a table base that is controlled to move along the column bed 9 so that the C-axis indexing can be controlled, and the work W is centered and positioned and fixed to the turning table 1. .

  In this embodiment, the turning table 1 provided in this manner so as to be rotatable in the C-axis indexing direction is provided on the column bed 9 so as to be movable, and the workpiece W on the turning table 1 is moved along the Y axis with respect to the column 2. It is provided so as to be relatively movable in the direction.

  Further, a cross rail 3 is horizontally provided in a predetermined height position of the column 2 in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) orthogonal to the Y-axis direction, and the turret guide is set up and down on the horizontal cross rail 3. A turret that is cross-engaged with the portion 4 (vertical cross rail 4) and is movable along the horizontal cross rail 3 in the X-axis direction, and serves as a base along the vertical cross rail 4 in the vertical Z-axis direction. 5 is movably provided.

  Specifically, the screw rod 10 arranged in parallel with the horizontal cross rail 3 is rotationally controlled by the X-axis direction driving source 11, and the nut portion 12 screwed into the screw rod 10 and screwed by the rotation of the screw rod 10 is provided. The vertical cross rail 4 provided on the vertical cross rail 4 and engaged with the horizontal cross rail 3 is configured to move and control in the X-axis direction along the horizontal cross rail 3.

  Similarly, a tool post 5 is engaged with the vertical cross rail 4 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a screw rod 13 arranged in parallel with the vertical cross rail 4 is rotationally controlled by a Z-axis direction drive source 14. A nut portion 15 that is engaged with the screw 13 and screwed by the rotation of the screw rod 13 is provided in the tool post 5, and the tool post 5 that is engaged with the tool guide 4 is moved along the vertical cross rail 4. Thus, the movement is controlled in the Z-axis direction.

  In addition, a tool mounting portion 6 is provided at one side lower part of the tool post 5 so as to be rotatable in the A-axis indexing direction (front-rear direction), and the machining direction of the tool 7 provided on the tool mounting portion 6 is indexed. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a tool 7 provided in a plurality of types of radial directions is provided to be freely switchable and selectable, and the tool mounting 5 is provided with the tool mounting portion 6 so as to be freely rotatable. In addition to the part 6, a ram 8 is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction on the basis of the same tool post 5 and a tool 7 for performing deep hole inner diameter turning processing of at least the workpiece W on the tool mounting part 19 at the lower end of the ram 8. Is provided. The ram 8 also has a nut portion 16 provided on the ram 8 screwed into a screw rod 17 provided in the Z-axis direction, and the ram 8 is moved up and down with respect to the tool post 5 by rotation control of the Z-axis direction drive source 18 for the ram. It is configured to control movement in the direction.

  More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, the tool mounting portion 6 is a universal head having a structure including the following rotation mechanism. That is, a rotating head base 22 having a main shaft 20 rotatably mounted and having a tool chuck portion 21 provided at the lower end thereof is pivotally supported by a rotating shaft 23, and the rotating head base 22 is supported by a head indexing drive source 24. It is configured such that it can be controlled to rotate in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction), and the machining angle can be adjusted by swinging and rotating the tool 7 chucked on the tool chuck portion 21.

  The main shaft 20 acquires rotational power from the main shaft rotational drive source 25 from the direction of the rotational shaft portion 23 and transmits the rotational power to the main shaft 20 via a bevel gear 26 provided in the rotational head base 22 to rotate the main shaft 20. The moving head base 22 is configured to rotate while being supported by a bearing 27, and is configured so that the tool 7 can be attached by the tool chuck portion 21 of the chuck mechanism provided on the main shaft 20, and the main shaft 20 is not rotated. Both the tool 7 in the case of a tool and the case of a rotary tool that rotates the spindle 20 can be attached so that both processes can be performed.

  Further, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the tool mounting portion 6 is used only for a turning tool, and the tool mounting portion 6 is simply provided so as to be rotatable and configured as a turret head. The machining angle of the turning tool may be adjusted by control, or a plurality of different tools 7 are provided in the radial direction of the mounting base attached to the tool mounting portion 6, and the plurality of tools 7 are rotated by the rotation of the tool mounting portion 6. May be configured to be freely switchable.

  In any case, by providing such a tool mounting portion 6, the direction of the tool 7 by A-axis indexing can be swung and adjusted, and the vertical crossrail 4 that moves relative to the horizontal crossrail 3 can be adjusted. Since the tool post 5 moves up and down, the inner diameter of the deep hole is also added if the diameter is large.

  However, as described above, the A-axis indexable tool mounting portion 6 has a limit in size reduction in structure, and it can be said that it is difficult to process an inner diameter with a small diameter of φ700 mm or less.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, a ram 8 is provided on the tool post 5 so as to be further movable up and down so as to cope with such a small-diameter inner diameter machining.

  The ram 8 is not provided on a separate tool post 5, but is provided on the tool post 5 that is controlled to move, and the rotatable tool mounting portion 6 is provided on one side of the tool post 5 serving as a base. A ram 8 is provided on the other side so as to be movable up and down.

  As a result, the inner diameter of a small-diameter deep hole can be machined while being configured to perform five-axis combined machining, and the configuration is not complicated, and movement control and tool change control can be easily designed to avoid significant cost increases. .

  Moreover, if this ram 8 is set to a small diameter and dedicated to the inner diameter machining of a deep hole with a small diameter, it is very efficient. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ram 8 is provided with a small diameter of φ700 mm or less in the tool post 5 so that the ram 8 can be controlled to move in the Z-axis in addition to the Z-axis movement control of the tool post 5. A tool mounting portion 19 having a chuck mechanism is provided at the lower end portion of the ram 8, and the inner diameter turning tool 7 is provided at the tool mounting portion 19.

  Accordingly, in the deep hole small diameter inner diameter machining, the tool 7 provided on the ram 8 can be used for machining, and the tool 7 is moved to and away from the workpiece W by the movement control of the tool post 5 to be inserted and retracted in the deep hole. Is configured to be controlled by the movement control of the ram 8, so that the retracting stroke of the tool post 5 does not need to be large and the retracting stroke of the ram 8 does not need to be large. In addition, the machine tool can be reduced, and the machine tool can be adapted to small-diameter deep hole machining without complicating machining control.

  In addition, the horizontal cross rail 3 according to the present embodiment has a wide width in the Z-axis direction (vertical width) that is larger than the Z-axis direction width of the tool post 5 and extends in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the horizontal cross rail 3. A vertical cross rail 4 having a length is provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction along the horizontal cross rail 3, and the length of the vertical cross rail 4 in the Z-axis direction is substantially equal to the vertical width of the horizontal cross rail 3. The tool post 5 is provided along the vertical cross rail 4 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction within the range of the vertical width set substantially wider than the horizontal cross rail 3.

  Accordingly, since the horizontal cross rail 3 is wide and the tool post 5 is configured to move up and down along the vertical cross rail 4 within this range, the movement control can be performed with good stability and the rigidity is greatly improved. In addition, even if the weight of the tool post 5 increases, the movement can be controlled smoothly with sufficient stability.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the specific configuration of each component can be designed as appropriate.

It is a schematic structure explanatory perspective view of a present Example. It is a schematic structure explanatory front view of a present Example. It is schematic structure explanatory left side sectional drawing of a present Example. It is a schematic structure explanation right-hand side sectional view of a present Example. It is a schematic structure explanation front sectional view of the principal part of a present Example. It is a schematic structure explanatory perspective view of the principal part of the 2nd example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Turning table 2 Column 3 Horizontal cross rail 4 Vertical cross rail 5 Tool post 6 Tool mounting part 7 Tool 8 Ram W Workpiece

Claims (3)

  A tool post is provided to be movable in the horizontal and vertical directions via a horizontal cross rail and a vertical cross rail provided in a crossed state on a column provided upright with respect to the turning table, and a tool mounting portion is provided on the tool post. It is provided so that it can be rotated, and the processing direction of the tool provided in this tool mounting part can be indexed, the rotation can be adjusted, or the tool can be selected for rotation switching, and this tool mounting part provided in parallel can be arranged. A ram with a small outer diameter is provided on the tool post provided with the tool mounting portion so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction as required, and at least the deep hole inner diameter turning of the workpiece is provided at the lower end of the ram. A tool for machining is provided, and the tool provided at the lower end of the ram is provided so as to be able to contact and separate from the workpiece by moving the tool post in the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the ram provided on the tool post is provided. Move forward in deep hole of workpiece Machine tool characterized by being configured so as to enable also the inner diameter turning of the small-diameter deep hole by inserting the tool to perform the deep hole inner diameter 旋前 processed through the ram.   A turning table provided so as to be rotatable in the C-axis indexing direction is movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the column or the column is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the turning table. On the other hand, a column is provided so as to be relatively movable in the Y-axis direction, a horizontal cross rail provided in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Y-axis direction and a vertical cross provided in the vertical Z-axis direction at a predetermined height position of the column. A rail is provided in a crossed state, and a tool post is movably provided in the X-axis direction which is the left and right direction and the Z-axis direction which is the vertical direction via the horizontal cross rail and the vertical cross rail provided in this cross state. The tool mounting part is provided so as to be pivotable in the A-axis or B-axis indexing direction, and the machining direction of the tool provided in this tool mounting part can be indexed and rotated or freely adjustable. Move the ram set in the Z-axis direction to a small outer diameter if necessary on the tool post provided with this tool mounting part in parallel with the tool mounting part provided rotatably. A tool is provided at the lower end of the ram to perform at least deep hole inner diameter turning of the workpiece, and the tool provided at the lower end of the ram is brought into contact with the workpiece by moving the tool post in the Z-axis direction. Internally turning of small diameter deep hole by inserting a tool that performs the deep hole internal diameter turning through the ram into the deep hole of the workpiece by moving the ram provided in the tool rest in the Z-axis direction. A machine tool characterized in that it can also be used.   The rotation direction of the tool mounting portion is configured to be indexable with the A-axis as the Y-axis direction, and at least the tool mounting portion is indexed and rotated to index and rotate the machining direction of the tool provided on the tool mounting portion. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool is adjustable.

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