CN110666223A

CN110666223A - Six machining centers

Info

Publication number: CN110666223A
Application number: CN201910995422.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗锋
Original assignee: Dezheng Cnc Machine Tool Ningbo Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dezheng Cnc Machine Tool Ningbo Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-18
Filing date: 2019-10-18
Publication date: 2020-01-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a six-axis machining center which comprises a machine shell, wherein a base, a bearing plate and a workbench are arranged in the machine shell from bottom to top, a positioning clamp is arranged on the bearing plate, an upright post is arranged on the base surface on one side of the bearing plate and the workbench, a cutter tower is arranged on one side of the positioning clamp, a hob mechanism is arranged on the upright post, and an X-axis guide rail is arranged on the base along the width direction and is in sliding fit with the bearing plate; the Z-axis guide rail is arranged on the bearing plate along the length direction and is in sliding fit with the workbench; the Y-axis guide rail is arranged on the upright post along the height direction; the supporting plate is in sliding fit with the Y-axis guide rail; the shaft A rotating disc is arranged on the supporting plate, and the hob mechanism is arranged on the shaft A rotating disc; the tool magazine is installed on the stand, and the positioning fixture includes C axle constant head tank, and the central axis is parallel with Z axle guide rail. This technical scheme integrates location and processing step, and the high concentricity of work piece precision after the processing is unanimous, can improve machining efficiency and use manpower sparingly the cost, and can adjust the work piece in a flexible way.

Description

Six machining centers

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece processing, in particular to a six-axis processing center.

Background

In industrial products, a shaft part is one of typical parts frequently encountered in hardware fittings, and the shaft part is used for supporting transmission parts such as gears, pulleys and the like in a machine to transmit torque or motion. The shaft parts are rotating body parts, the length of which is greater than the diameter, and generally comprise an outer cylindrical surface, a conical surface, an inner hole, threads and corresponding end surfaces of a concentric shaft, and the shaft parts can be generally divided into three types, namely an optical axis, a stepped shaft and a special-shaped shaft according to different structural forms of the shaft parts.

The machining of the special-shaped shaft needs to position a shaft workpiece and then carry out five machining processes of turning, milling, gear hobbing, quenching and fine grinding.

The traditional processing method needs a specially-assigned person to perform processing treatment in each step, which causes the following problems, first: the machining needs to be switched between various machine tool coordination and continuous processes, and when the machining processes are switched, the workpieces machined in the previous step need to be detached and then repositioned to be machined in the next step, so that the production cost is very high, and the production efficiency is low; secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the workpiece tolerance is easy to increase during processing through repeated disassembly and repositioning, the size precision is reduced, and if large-batch production is carried out, the concentricity of each workpiece is difficult to ensure to be consistent, and the actual use requirement cannot be met.

In order to solve the above problems, a machining method is used to machine shaft workpieces, which can only integrate the above parts of machining steps, for example, chinese application No. CN201910614565.1, which describes a five-axis machine tool with a tool magazine built in a column, comprising a machine body, two parallel column guide rail pairs are arranged in the middle of the machine body, the column is slidably connected to the column guide rail pairs, the column moves back and forth on the column guide rail pairs through a gear rack pair, clamping mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the machine body, a carriage guide rail pair is arranged above the column, a carriage is slidably connected to the carriage guide rail pair, the carriage is slidably connected to a slide carriage through a linear guide rail pair, five-axis heads are arranged at the bottom of the slide carriage, and a tool bit is detachably connected to the five-axis head, which can move workpieces in a fixed direction, and can perform replacement and cleaning work on workpieces on one side when loading and unloading workpieces on the other side are machined, however, the machining processes such as quenching and finish grinding cannot be simultaneously realized, and the workpiece cannot be adjusted at multiple positions during machining, which may result in poor surface precision of the machined workpiece or even damage of the machined workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above circumstances, and in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a six-axis machining center which integrates positioning and a required machining process, can improve machining efficiency and save labor cost, can quickly adjust a workpiece, and ensures high precision and consistent concentricity of the machined workpiece.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a six machining center, it includes the casing, base, loading board and the workstation that set gradually from bottom to top in the casing are equipped with positioning fixture on the loading board, are equipped with the stand on the base face of loading board and workstation one side, and one side of positioning fixture is equipped with the turret, is equipped with hobbing cutter mechanism on the stand, and it still includes:

the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the base along the width direction and is in sliding fit with the bearing plate;

the Z-axis guide rail is arranged on the bearing plate along the length direction and is in sliding fit with the workbench;

the Y-axis guide rail is arranged on the upright post along the height direction;

the supporting plate is in sliding fit with the Y-axis guide rail;

the A-axis turntable is arranged on the supporting plate and can rotate around the connecting point of the A-axis turntable and the supporting plate, and the hobbing cutter mechanism is arranged on the A-axis turntable and can rotate along with the A-axis turntable;

the tool magazine is arranged on one side of the upright post, which is positioned on the hob mechanism, and is used for milling the workpiece on the positioning fixture;

the positioning jig as above includes:

and the central axis of the C-axis positioning groove is parallel to the Z-axis guide rail and is used for fixing the workpiece.

Preferably, the hob mechanism comprises: and the positioning chuck is arranged on the rotating disc of the shaft A and can rotate along with the rotating disc of the shaft A, and a hob is arranged on the positioning chuck.

Preferably, the tool magazine is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upright column, and the tool changing frame is rotatably mounted below the tool magazine.

Preferably, the turret comprises a concave bracket, a control box and a cutter head, the lower end of the concave bracket is fixed on the side surface of the base, the upper end of the concave bracket extends to the upper part of the base, the control box is arranged at the upper end of the concave bracket, and the cutter head is connected with the control box and can be controlled to rotate through the control box.

Preferably, the cutter head is an eight-station cutter head.

Preferably, the bearing plate, the workbench, the cutter tower, the hobbing cutter mechanism, the supporting plate, the A-axis rotating disc and the tool magazine are all driven and controlled by a program control servo motor.

Preferably, the inner wall of the housing on the opposite side of the positioning jig is provided with a heat treatment zone for quenching the workpiece.

Preferably, the dust-proof device further comprises a first dust-proof cover arranged on the X-axis guide rails on two sides of the bearing plate and a second dust-proof cover arranged on the Z-axis guide rails on two sides of the workbench, the first dust-proof cover and the second dust-proof cover respectively comprise a plurality of telescopic plates which are mutually overlapped, and a sliding rail is arranged on a connecting surface between the telescopic plates so that the telescopic plates can slide relatively.

Preferably, each expansion plate has two parts which are arranged in bilateral symmetry, and the left and right sides of the expansion plate are arranged in an opposite inclined way.

Preferably, dust suction pipes are arranged on the two sides of the first dustproof cover of the base and the two sides of the second dustproof cover of the bearing plate, and the dust suction pipes are connected with a negative pressure fan.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) can once only fix a position, need not the manpower and dismantle and reposition the work piece when switching processing technology, improve machining efficiency greatly, saved the human cost

(2) The problem that the size of a workpiece is influenced during repositioning and machining is avoided, and the concentricity of each machined special-shaped shaft can be consistent under the condition of mass production.

(3) The processing steps of the special-shaped shaft are integrated, so that the five processing processes can be completed at one time, and the shaft workpieces can be processed in a continuous manner.

(4) During machining, the quick adjustment of the position of the workpiece can be guaranteed through the movement of the bearing plate, the workbench and the supporting plate, the flexibility of workpiece machining is greatly improved, and the surface precision of the special-shaped shaft is further improved.

(5) The technical scheme has reasonable design, ingenious structure and wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention with the first and second dust caps removed;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the positioning fixture and the positioning groove of the C-axis of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a turret of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the hob mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the tool magazine and the tool changer of the present invention.

As shown in the figure:

101 casing, 1 base; 2, carrying a plate; 3, a workbench; 4, positioning a clamp; 5, upright posts; 6, a turret; 6.1 a concave bracket; 6.2 a control box; 6.3 a tool bit; 7, a hob mechanism; 7.1 positioning the chuck; 7.2 hobbing cutter; 8X-axis guide rails; 9Z-axis guide rails; a 10Y-axis guide rail; 11, a supporting plate; a 12A axis turntable; 13, a tool magazine; 14C shaft positioning grooves; 15 changing the tool rest; 16 a first dust cover; 17 a second dust cover; 18 heat treatment zone.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, and are used for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have specific orientations and specific orientations, configurations and operations, and thus, the present invention is not to be construed as being limited.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a six axis machining center, it includes the casing, base 1, loading board 2 and workstation 3 that set gradually from bottom to top in the casing are equipped with positioning fixture 4 on the loading board 2, are equipped with stand 5 on the base 1 face of loading board 2 and workstation 3 one side, and one side of positioning fixture 4 is equipped with sword tower 6, is equipped with hobbing cutter mechanism 7 on the stand 5, and it still includes: an X-axis guide rail 8, a Z-axis guide rail 9, a Y-axis guide rail 10, a supporting plate 11, an A-axis turntable 12 and a tool magazine 13, wherein the X-axis guide rail 8 is arranged on the base 1 along the width direction, the supporting plate 2 is in sliding fit with the X-axis guide rail 8 so as to move back and forth along the trend of the X-axis guide rail 8, the Z-axis guide rail 9 is arranged on the supporting plate 2 along the length direction, the worktable 3 is in sliding fit with the Z-axis guide rail 9 so as to move left and right along the trend of the Z-axis guide rail 9, the Y-axis guide rail 10 is arranged on the upright post 5 along the height direction, the supporting plate 11 is in sliding fit with the Y-axis guide rail 10 so as to move up and down along the trend of the Y-axis guide rail 10, the A-axis turntable 12 is arranged on the supporting plate 11 and can rotate around the connection point of the supporting plate 11, the hob mechanism 7 is arranged on the A-axis turntable 12 and, be equipped with C axle constant head tank 14 on positioning fixture 4, the central axis of C axle constant head tank 14 is parallel with Z axle guide rail 9 and is used for fixed work piece, the work piece carries out disposable location and can carries out follow-up diversified processing, need not to come to relocate the work piece when switching machining process, the size precision of processing has been improved, and when mass production, can guarantee that the concentricity of every work piece is unanimous, through loading board 2, the quick adjustment of work piece position can be guaranteed in the removal of workstation 3 and layer board 11, the flexibility of work piece processing has been improved.

As shown in fig. 5, further, the hob mechanism 7 includes: the positioning chuck 7.1 is arranged on the rotating disc of the shaft A and can rotate along with the rotating disc 12 of the shaft A, a hob 7.2 is arranged on the positioning chuck 7.1, the hob 7.2 is controlled to mill a workpiece, and the position of the hob 7.2 is adjusted through the up-and-down movement of the positioning chuck 7.1 and the rotation of the rotating disc 12 of the shaft A to mill the workpiece at any angle.

As shown in fig. 6, further, a tool magazine 13 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the column 5, a tool changing holder 15 is rotatably mounted below the tool magazine 13, and tool changing operation can be performed under the cooperation of the tool changing holder 15 and the tool magazine 13, so as to perform different processing modes on a workpiece, such as grinding and hobbing.

As shown in fig. 4, further, the turret 6 includes a concave support 6.1, a control box 6.2 and a tool bit 6.3, the lower end of the concave support 6.1 is fixed on the side of the base 1, and the upper end extends to the upper side of the base 1, the control box 6.2 is installed on the upper end of the concave support 6.1, the tool bit 6.3 is connected with the control box 6.2 and can be controlled to rotate by the control box 6.2, and the tool bit 6.3 on the turret 6 can turn the workpiece when the workpiece approaches.

Further, the cutter head 6.3 is an eight-station cutter head 6.3.

Also in an embodiment, the bearing plate 2, the workbench 3, the tool turret 6, the hob mechanism 7, the supporting plate 11, the shaft a rotating disc and the tool magazine 13 are driven and controlled by a program control servo motor, manual carrying is not needed, the movement of the bearing plate 2, the workbench 3 and the supporting plate 11 can be realized through remote control, the rotation of the shaft a rotating disc and diversified consecutive processing of the hob 7.2, the tool magazine 13, the tool changing frame 15 and the tool turret 6 are carried out on workpieces, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.

It should be noted that, the selection of the servo motor in the above embodiment is the same as the servo motor which is commonly available on the market and can meet the above operation requirement, the connection between the servo motor and the above components is consistent with the common electrical connection, and the control of the servo motor by the program is also consistent with the control mode of the servo motor on the market.

As shown in fig. 1, further, a heat treatment area 18 for quenching the workpiece is arranged on the inner wall of the casing 101 on the opposite side of the positioning fixture 4, and the processed workpiece is sent into the heat treatment area 18 for quenching the workpiece through the movement of the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3, so that the rigidity, hardness and wear resistance of the workpiece are improved, manual transportation is also not needed in the process, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the five-axis machine tool further includes a first dustproof cover 16 mounted on the X-axis guide rail 8 on both sides of the bearing plate 2, and a second dustproof cover 17 mounted on the Z-axis guide rail 9 on both sides of the worktable 3, wherein each of the first dustproof cover 16 and the second dustproof cover 17 includes a plurality of telescopic plates stacked on each other, a sliding rail is disposed on a connecting surface of each telescopic plate to enable the telescopic plates to slide relatively,

as shown in fig. 1, furthermore, each expansion plate has two parts arranged in bilateral symmetry, and the left and right sides of the expansion plate are inclined in opposite directions, so that dust can slide down along the surface of the expansion plate after falling onto the expansion plate, thereby facilitating further collection of the dust.

In the above embodiment, when the loading board 2 or the workbench 3 slides, the expansion plates of the first dust cover 16 and the second dust cover 17 located in the sliding direction can be compressed along the slide rails therebetween, and the expansion plate deviating from the sliding direction is stretched along the slide rails therebetween, so that the expansion plates do not affect the movement of the loading board 2 and the workbench 3, and meanwhile, when the loading board 2 and the workbench 3 move, dust can be directly shaken into the expansion plates to prevent entering the X-axis guide rail 8 and the Z-axis guide rail 9, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the loading board 2 and the workbench 3.

In one embodiment, dust suction pipes 18 are disposed on both sides of the base 1 located on the first dust cover 16 and both sides of the loading plate 2 located on the second dust cover 17, the dust suction pipes 18 are connected to a negative pressure fan, and dust enters the dust suction pipes 18 after sliding from the surface of the expansion plate and is sucked by the negative pressure fan from the dust suction pipes 18, so as to prevent dust accumulation.

The working process of the five-axis machine tool is described with reference to fig. 1 to 6 and the above description, and the processing sequence in the following description is only one of all manners, first, a workpiece to be processed is positioned in the C-axis positioning groove 14 of the positioning fixture 4, after the workpiece is positioned, the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 can be controlled to move back and forth and left and right in the horizontal direction, when the workpiece is moved to the lower part of the hob mechanism 7, the hob mechanism 7 is controlled to move along the Y-axis guide rail 10, after the workpiece is moved to a proper position according to the pattern of the workpiece, the workpiece is milled by the hob 7.2, if different parts of the workpiece need to be milled, the angle of the hob mechanism 7 can be adjusted by rotating the a-axis turntable 12, after the milling is completed, the positions of the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 are adjusted, the workpiece is moved to the tool magazine 13 to be placed downwards, and the tool changing operation is performed by matching the tool magazine 13 and the tool changing, then the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 can be moved again to move towards the cutter tower 6 until the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 move to the inward concave part of the concave support 6.1, then the cutter head 6.3 of the cutter tower 6 is controlled to turn the workpiece, the positions of the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 can be adjusted according to actual requirements to carry out movable processing in the processing process, the workpiece is processed into a special-shaped shaft, finally the bearing plate 2 and the workbench 3 are adjusted again to enable the workpiece to be sent into the heat treatment area 18 to carry out quenching treatment, the workpiece processed into the special-shaped shaft can be taken down after the quenching treatment is finished, the negative pressure fan can absorb generated dust in the whole processing process, the operation environment is greatly improved, and the service life of the operation platform is prolonged.

This technical side only needs once to fix a position the dysmorphism axle, need not the manpower when switching processing technology and dismantle and reposition the work piece, the problem that can influence the work piece size when repositioning processing has been avoided, under the condition of having guaranteed to carry out mass production, the concentricity of every dysmorphism axle after the processing is unanimous, and integrate required all processing steps, realize coherent pair axle class work piece and process, the dismantlement has been saved at last, the step of repositioning and need not to increase different special personnel on every processing step, machining efficiency is greatly improved, the human cost is saved, can guarantee the quick adjustment of work piece position through loading board 2 in the while processing, workstation 3 and layer board 11's removal, the flexibility of work piece processing is greatly improved, the surface accuracy of dysmorphism axle is greatly improved.

The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a six machining center, it includes casing (101), base (1), loading board (2) and workstation (3) that set gradually from bottom to top in casing (101), be equipped with positioning fixture (4) on loading board (2), loading board (2) and workstation (3) one side be equipped with stand (5) on base (1) the face, one side of positioning fixture (4) is equipped with sword tower (6), be equipped with hobbing cutter mechanism (7) on stand (5), its characterized in that, it still includes:

the X-axis guide rail (8) is arranged on the base (1) along the width direction and is in sliding fit with the bearing plate (2);

the Z-axis guide rail (9) is arranged on the bearing plate (2) along the length direction and is in sliding fit with the workbench (3);

a Y-axis guide rail (10) arranged on the upright post (5) along the height direction;

the supporting plate (11) is in sliding fit with the Y-axis guide rail (10);

the A-axis rotating disc (12) is arranged on the supporting plate (11) and can rotate around a connecting point of the A-axis rotating disc and the supporting plate (11), and the hobbing cutter mechanism (7) is arranged on the A-axis rotating disc (12) and can rotate along with the A-axis rotating disc;

the tool magazine (13) is arranged on one side, located on the hob mechanism (7), of the upright column (5) and is used for milling a workpiece on the positioning fixture (4);

the positioning jig (4) as described above includes:

and the central axis of the C-axis positioning groove (14) is parallel to the Z-axis guide rail (9) and is used for fixing a workpiece.

2. A six-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the hob mechanism (7) comprises: the positioning chuck (7.1), the positioning chuck (7.1) is installed on the shaft A rotating disc (12) and can rotate along with the shaft A rotating disc (12), and a hob (7.2) is installed on the positioning chuck (7.1).

3. The six-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool magazine (13) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the column (5), and a tool changing rack (15) is rotatably mounted below the tool magazine (13).

4. The six-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the turret (6) comprises a concave support (6.1), a control box (6.2) and a tool bit (6.3), the concave support (6.1) is fixed at its lower end to the side of the base (1) and extends at its upper end above the base (1), the control box (6.2) is mounted at the upper end of the concave support (6.1), and the tool bit (6.3) is connected with the control box (6.2) and can be controlled to rotate by the control box (6.2).

5. A six-axis machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that the tool bit (6.3) is an eight-station tool bit.

6. The six-axis machining center according to claim 1, wherein the bearing plate (2), the table (3), the turret (6), the hob mechanism (7), the pallet (11), the a-axis rotating disk (12) and the tool magazine (13) are all driven and controlled by a program-controlled servo motor.

7. The six-axis machining center according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the housing (101) on the opposite side of the positioning jig (4) is provided with a heat treatment zone (18) for quenching the workpiece.

8. The six-axis machining center according to claim 1, further comprising a first dust cover (16) mounted on the X-axis guide rails (8) on both sides of the bearing plate (2), and a second dust cover (17) mounted on the Z-axis guide rails (9) on both sides of the worktable (3), wherein the first dust cover (16) and the second dust cover (17) each comprise a plurality of telescopic plates which are stacked on each other, and a slide rail is arranged on a connecting surface between the telescopic plates so that the telescopic plates can slide relative to each other.

9. The six-axis machining center according to claim 8, wherein each expansion plate has two parts arranged in bilateral symmetry, and the left and right sides of the expansion plate are inclined toward each other.

10. The six-axis machining center according to claim 9, characterized in that the base (1) on both sides of the first dust cover (16) and the carrier plate (2) on both sides of the second dust cover (17) are provided with a dust suction pipe (18) which is connected with a negative pressure fan.