JPH0757141B2 - Mushroom cultivation method and mushroom culture medium - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating an artificial fungal bed of mushrooms (fruit bodies) belonging to wood-destroying fungi represented by enokitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, etc., and a mushroom culture medium used in this method. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A method for cultivating edible mushrooms belonging to wood-destroying fungi is to cultivate raw wood such as shiitake mushrooms and crushed edible mushrooms such as sawdust and oyster mushrooms. There is container culture in which a medium composition and a mushroom nutrient such as rice bran or starch are filled in a wide-mouth bottle made of heat-resistant plastic of about 600 to 1500 cc and heat-sterilized to be a culture medium.

[0003] Wood-destroying fungi decomposes cellulose and lignin, which make up vegetative materials such as corncob and sawdust, and grows with them as nutrient sources. When only these materials are used as nutrient sources, mushrooms are generated. Since it takes a long time of 1 to 2 years, in plant cultivation, these vegetative materials mainly play a role as a medium for adjusting the growth environment of mycelium, and as a nutrient source necessary for growth of mycelium, Mushrooms are mainly mixed with various media, such as rice bran and bran, which are by-produced during grain refinement, and various materials such as starch and flour are added to these medium compositions in an amount of about 10 to 25% by volume. If it is used as the artificial culture medium of No. 1, and if it is Enoki mushroom, it is harvested in about 50 days.

[0004] In such a container culture, since the culture medium becomes a suitable breeding medium for miscellaneous bacteria other than the intended mushrooms, the mushroom cultivation facility prevents the miscellaneous bacteria from propagating and efficiently cultivates them. A great deal of investment has been made in. In particular, the steam sterilization of the culture medium has a long time of 7 to 8 hours (atmospheric pressure oven) for both the purpose of thermally decomposing the nutrient into a substance that can be absorbed by lower molecular weight mushrooms and the purpose of the sterilization treatment. It is necessary to perform heating over a long period of time, which requires fuel costs, which is a major factor in increasing the cost of mushrooms. On the other hand, mushrooms are greatly influenced by the market price, and a large price difference also occurs depending on the quality of the mushrooms. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a cultivation method that can obtain high-quality mushrooms in a short period of time at low cost.

Against this background, improvements have been made in mushroom nutritional source materials. Since the nutritional source material has price constraints as described above, rice bran, which is a by-product of the process of processing agricultural products, is generally the main ingredient, and bran, scrap rice, starch, etc. Raw okara, beer brewer's slag, and other by-products produced in food production are added.However, except for rice bran, bran, and other fine grain flours, many of them have high water content and are altered. It is easy and difficult to handle, and it has not become popular. Therefore,
To further enhance the action of the grain flour represented by rice bran as a nutritional source, the above-mentioned purpose can be achieved.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the above circumstances, the present invention uses a nutrient medium contained in a conventional nutrient medium, which has been subjected to a decomposition treatment in advance so that the mushroom can be easily ingested. The object of the present invention is to disclose a mushroom cultivation method capable of increasing the yield and a culture medium used in this method.

[0007]

The first gist of the present invention is to use a mushroom as a culture medium by sterilizing a mixture obtained by mixing a powdery plant material and a nutrient source material containing starch and adjusting the water content. In the cultivating method, a mushroom cultivating method is characterized in that a mushroom culture medium is prepared by enzymatically decomposing a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase into the mixture.

A second aspect of the present invention is to heat a mixture for a mushroom culture medium containing sawdust, rice bran, water for adjusting water content, and a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase at a temperature of about 90 ° C. or lower. Then, the mushroom cultivation method is characterized by using a mushroom culture medium that has been subjected to a sterilization process after being left for a certain period of time and subjected to an enzymatic decomposition process.

A third gist of the present invention is a plant material containing mainly sawdust and a nutrient source material containing starch and a high temperature resistant liquid.
In mushroom culture for mixture obtained by water prepared by mixing an Amylase. The details will be described below.

The method of cultivation of the present application is a heat-resistant plastic containing a mixture of a powdered material of plant material mainly composed of water-retaining cellulose and lignin components, such as sawdust and corncob powder, and a nutrient. Wide-mouthed bottle,
It is intended to be used as a culture medium in a container, such as a plastic bag or a wooden box, for cultivation in a fungal bed. Such water-retaining powder and granules are mainly composed of by-products containing starch, which are by-produced in various industries such as rice bran, bran, waste rice, and starch dregs, and other sugars such as glucose, proteins, and phosphorus as needed. acid,
Inorganic substances such as potassium, or nutrients containing various vitamins are added to obtain a medium composition.

A feature of the cultivation method of the present invention is that a mushroom-like nutrient is easily absorbed by adding a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase to such a medium composition to enzymatically decompose the starchy substance in the nutrient. It is intended to use what has been changed to as a culture medium and to cultivate it according to a conventional method according to the kind of each mushroom. Currently, the generally used method for producing a culture medium is to mix the above-mentioned materials with an agitator, fill the cultivation bottle with a bottling device, steam heat this in a sterilization kettle and then let it cool. Then, the fungus is planted and cultivated.
Therefore, when amylase is added, it is necessary to mix it in the stirring step, considering that the currently used mushroom production equipment and method can be used as they are. on the other hand,
In general, amylase rapidly acts on pregelatinized starch, so that the amylase used in the present application is required to withstand the pregelatinization temperature of the starch material in the culture medium.

Examples of such substances include thermostable alpha-amylase (α-1,4-Glucan 4gluca).
Nohydrolase) is preferred. Alpha amylase, also called liquefaction amylases, also in the present application, using the latter nominal. The amount of amylase used depends on the type of amylase, but for example, the titer (JI
S method) If it is a 7000 u / g thermostable liquefied amylase,
In the case of a nutrient containing rice bran as a main ingredient, the effect can be expected if it is used in a range of 1/2000 to 1/8000 of the starch weight of the nutrient contained in the nutrient. However, the above range does not mean that use of 1/2000 or more reduces the effect of amylase, and use of more than that may cause waste in terms of cost efficiency. It means that. Needless to say, the amount of amylase used is changed according to the change in the starch content of the nutrient, which is different from the case of mainly rice bran. Also, it is natural that the amount used varies depending on the type of amylase.

The medium composition containing amylase is adjusted to have a water content of about 60 to 65% by a conventional method, then filled in a container such as a cultivation bottle and stored in a steam sterilization kettle. In the method of the present application, the starch content in the medium composition may be heated to a temperature close to the upper limit temperature depending on the heat-resistant temperature of the amylase used, so that the starch material can be gelatinized and can undergo enzymatic degradation more quickly. desirable. This temperature is appropriately selected in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C,
It is desirable that the temperature is as high as possible, and most preferably 80 ° C. or higher.

As the heat treatment for the alpha processing, when the temperature inside the sterilization pot reaches a predetermined temperature, the heating is immediately stopped and the state is left as it is. However, the temperature inside the kettle at the time of stopping heating does not mean immediately the reached temperature of the medium composition, and there is always a certain time lag between them. A leaving time of 6 to 8 hours is sufficient. During this time, the starch in the medium composition undergoes enzymatic degradation by amylase. After the waiting time has passed,
It heats and raises the temperature in a pot to the maximum temperature which can be reached, and heat-sterilizes for a fixed time (for example, 3-6 hours by normal pressure heating). For the purpose of shortening the heat sterilization time, other known methods, for example, sterilization treatment with hydrogen peroxide, ozone, ethylene oxide or the like may be used in combination.

In addition to the heat sterilization with atmospheric pressure steam, the heat sterilization treatment may be performed with a pressure cooker, for example, at a pressure of ² kg / cm ² at 118 to 120 ° C. for about 2 hours. The sterilized culture medium is planted with inoculum based on the conventional method, and cultivation control according to each mushroom type is performed in the cultivation room, which is a conventional mushroom bed cultivation method. Is exactly the same as

[0016]

[Effect] According to the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the nutrients necessary for the growth of mycelia of mushrooms are decomposed and supplied to a more easily absorbable low-molecular liquid substance, which is also clear from the results of test cultivation of oyster mushrooms described below. As described above, after inoculation with the inoculum, the number of days required for the hyphae to grow and spread around the entire culture medium (so-called number of days around the fungus) is shortened by 1 to 5 days, and the number of days from inoculation to harvest (the number of harvest days) is The effect was shortened by 5 days, and the yield was increased by 5 to 15%. Regarding the quality of mushrooms, no significant difference was observed from the conventional method. Examples will be given below.

[0017]

[Examples] Sawdust and rice bran were mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 1 and a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase solution (Amylase AH [Amano], manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., titer 7000)
u / g or more, optimum activation temperature 90 ° C.) (a) without addition, (b) 2.2 with respect to 10 kg of rice bran in terms of dry matter.
5 g (1/2000 weight of starch), (c) 1.13
g addition (1/4000 of the same), 0.56 g of (d) (1/1 of the same)
8000), and then diluted by adding water for adjusting the water content to adjust the total water content to 63 to 64% by weight, and adjusting the water content to 800 cc. A polypropylene wide-mouth cultivation bottle was filled.

According to the conventional method, 100 cultivation bottles belonging to group a reached about 98 ° C. within 3 hours after the start of heating, and then heat-sterilized at 98 ° C. for 5 hours and a half, and allowed to cool, followed by oyster mushroom. The inoculum was inoculated and cultivated. On the other hand, in each of the b to d groups, 100 cultivation bottles in total, 300 cultivation bottles, heating was stopped 2.5 hours after the start of heating, when the temperature in the pot reached 90 ° C.
After leaving it for a while to allow the enzymatic decomposition to proceed, heat it again,
Was allowed to cool after 3 hours heating sterilization at 98 ℃, in the same way, planted oyster seed, below, were cultivated in exactly the same conditions as a group. For each formulation example, the average yield was calculated to determine the effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0019]

[Table 1]

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A high temperature-resistant liquefied amylase in a mushroom cultivation method in which a mixture obtained by mixing a powdery plant material and a nutrient source material containing starch and adjusting the water content is sterilized and used as a culture medium. Is added to the above mixture and enzymatically decomposed to form a mushroom culture medium. 2. Sawdust, rice bran, and water for adjusting water content,
And, a mixture for a mushroom culture medium containing a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase is heated at a temperature of about 90 ° C. or lower, left to stand for a certain period of time, subjected to an enzymatic decomposition step, and then subjected to a sterilization treatment step A mushroom cultivation method characterized by being used as a culture medium. 3. Sawdust, rice bran, and water for adjusting water content,
A culture medium for mushroom cultivation, which is obtained by heating a mixture containing a high-temperature-resistant liquefied amylase at a temperature of about 90 ° C. or lower, allowing it to stand for a certain period of time for an enzymatic decomposition step, and then sterilizing the mixture. 4. A mushroom culture medium mixture obtained by mixing a vegetative material mainly containing sawdust, a nutrient source material containing starch and a high temperature resistant liquefied amylase.