JPH0751489B2 - Agrochemical composition consisting of natural products - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a natural agrochemical composition which is effective for deworming and promoting the growth of agricultural crops, horticultural plants, plants and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wood vinegar is an acidic liquid obtained by cooling the gas generated during the dry distillation of wood, such as in the production of charcoal. In the old days, it was used as a raw material for acetic acid and acetone. It has been used as a deodorant for liquid, human waste and livestock manure. Recently, due to the widespread use of organic farming methods, reduced pesticide agriculture, and the tendency to avoid chemically synthesized pesticides, wood vinegar, which is highly safe for living organisms, has been receiving particular attention in recent years. , Weed control, plant growth promotion,
Agricultural applications such as pest repellent are increasing (Japanese Patent Publication 6)
3-24964, Yamabayashi, 1978, p. 28,
Lumber magazine, 35, 564, and 1021).

[0003]

From the viewpoint of safety, the use of wood vinegar is greatly increased in organic farm vegetables, home gardening, garden trees and lawns, and the like. The wood vinegar is usually used after diluting it with water about 50 to 1000 times for these agricultural uses, but its effect is slow, and there is a drawback that a sufficient effect cannot be obtained particularly in terms of pest repellent. It was In order to improve this point, a method of mixing a synthetic pesticide with a wood vinegar solution or the like, or it was necessary to separately spray the pesticide.

[0004]

Means and Actions for Solving the Problems The present inventors have
As a result of various studies in order to improve the performance of the wood vinegar, it was possible to dramatically enhance the above-mentioned pesticidal effect of the wood vinegar by mixing lysophospholipid with the wood vinegar.

That is, the first natural agrochemical composition of the present invention comprises wood vinegar and lysophospholipid, and the second natural agrochemical composition of the present invention contains wood vinegar, lysophospholipid and fatty acid. Use as a summary. The pesticide referred to in the present invention is
The action and effect exhibited by are similar to those of ordinary pesticides, and include, for example, disease prevention, anthelmintic, insecticidal, and growth promoting.

The natural agricultural chemical composition of the present invention has a weight ratio of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid of 20: 80-97: 3,
And the weight ratio of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid is 20: 80-9.
It is 7: 3 and particularly preferably contains 100% by weight or less of a fatty acid with respect to the lysophospholipid.

The present invention further relates to a natural agricultural chemical composition characterized in that the lysophospholipid used is soybean lysophospholipid and the fatty acid is unsaturated fatty acid and / or medium chain fatty acid having 8 to 14 carbon atoms.

The wood vinegar in the present invention is generally obtained in the production of charcoal such as black charcoal and white charcoal, and
Sawdust, waste wood, bark, bark, chaff, etc. obtained by dry distillation are used. A crude wood vinegar solution is a solution obtained by placing a liquid obtained by cooling the gas generated by charcoal burning or dry distillation of wood etc. for a long time and separating the precipitated tar content. The crude wood vinegar can be used as it is, but it is more suitable if the insoluble matter is removed by filtration or centrifugation. Moreover, what distilled the crude wood vinegar liquid under normal pressure or reduced pressure can also be used.

The components of the wood vinegar solution vary to some extent depending on the raw materials, the manufacturing method, especially the temperature conditions, but usually the specific gravity is 1.01.
-1.04, water content 80-90%, pH 2-4, as organic substances, organic acids mainly acetic acid, alcohols such as methanol, neutral organic substances such as acetone, and phenols, etc. Contained (Refer to “Collection of Research Results on New Uses of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar”, p. 297, published by Research Association for Multi-Use Technology for Carbonized Wood). In the present invention, any of these wood vinegar solutions can be used. In addition, it is also possible to use an ordinary wood vinegar solution neutralized by adding an alkaline component such as caustic soda.

The action of the wood vinegar solution such as soil disinfection, microbial growth promotion, weed control, plant growth promotion, plant disease resistance increase, pest repelling, etc. is caused by each component and by what mechanism It still remains unclear what will happen.

The lysophospholipids used in the present invention include phospholipids derived from plant seeds such as soybeans and rapeseed and egg yolk phospholipids,
A monoacyl phospholipid deacylated by phospholipase A, which is usually treated with pancreatic phospholipase A-2, is used. In particular, soybean lysophospholipid made from soybean phospholipid (soybean lecithin) produced as a by-product at the time of refining soybean oil is inexpensive and is suitable as a raw material of the present invention. These lysophospholipids include monoacylglycerophospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidic acid. Further, those obtained by increasing the content of lysophosphatidylcholine from these mixtures by treatment with hydrous alcohol are also suitable. A chemically synthesized lysophospholipid can be used as well.

It is difficult to convert all phospholipids into lysophospholipids by the above enzyme treatment, and diacyl phospholipids remain, but the amount of lysophospholipids is 50% of the total phospholipids.
It is suitable for the raw material of the present invention that the content is at least wt%. If this is the case, the lysophospholipid is, for example, a paste-like soybean phospholipid containing an ordinary oil component is treated with phospholipase A-2, and then the lysophospholipid-containing paste is centrifuged to obtain an oil component. It may be one without fatty acids. Also,
After the treatment with phospholipase A-2, the fatty acid may be neutralized to some extent, and the product may be produced with the oil content contained. Furthermore, after the treatment with phospholipase A-2, the product may be purified with a solvent such as acetone to remove fats and oils and generated fatty acids. In either case, the amount of lysophospholipid added to the wood vinegar is calculated as the absolute amount.

The unsaturated fatty acid used in the present invention is a fatty acid such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and a mixture thereof, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. Saturated fatty acids may be present. In this respect, the fatty acids of vegetable oils such as soybean oil are also suitable.

The medium-chain fatty acid used in the present invention is capric acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, or a mixture thereof, and a small amount of other fatty acid may be mixed. Therefore, fatty acids such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil are also suitable.

The first aspect of the present invention is that the absolute amount of lysophospholipid in the wood vinegar solution is 20: 80-in terms of a weight ratio.
Add in the range of 97: 3. Mixing should be carried out under heating, but to avoid loss of volatile components in the wood vinegar, 80%
It is preferably carried out at a temperature of not higher than 0 ° C. At the time of mixing, both may be mixed in advance and diluted before use, or both may be mixed immediately before use and then diluted. Further, a diluted wood vinegar solution and an aqueous lysophospholipid solution may be mixed and used. The amount of wood vinegar in the composition is 20
If the amount of lysophospholipid is less than 3% by weight or less, the efficacy of the composition is insufficient. The ratio of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid is usually 1 or more, but even if the weight ratio of lysophospholipid is more than that, if the ratio is within the above range, the dilution ratio can be changed according to the purpose. .

In the second aspect of the present invention, wood vinegar and lysophospholipid are mixed in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 97: 3, and fatty acid is added to 100 parts of lysophospholipid in a weight ratio of 100.
Add the following parts. Mixing may be performed by any method as long as a uniform solution can be obtained as in the first case. In this case, an aqueous solution of lysophospholipid is prepared in advance by heating,
The composition can be easily obtained by dissolving the fatty acid therein and then mixing it with wood vinegar.

The mixing timing and the dilution method of the three can be arbitrarily selected. If the amount of wood vinegar in the composition is 20% by weight or less,
When the amount of lysophospholipid is 3% by weight or less, the effect of the composition is insufficient, and when the amount of fatty acid exceeds the amount of lysophospholipid, the fatty acid is not dissolved and is precipitated, which is not preferable. In the composition of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid / fatty acid, the same effect as the former is often obtained even when the amount of lysophospholipid is small compared to the composition of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid. Also wood vinegar /
The ratio of (lysophospholipid + fatty acid) may be usually 1 or more, but if the total weight ratio of lysophospholipid and fatty acid is more than the above range and the ratio is within the above range, the dilution rate may be changed according to the purpose. Can be used.

Since the wood vinegar solution itself is not a pesticide, it does not show a rapid action. However, when wood vinegar is used in combination with ordinary pesticides and chemical fertilizers, it has a great effect of strengthening those effects, and therefore its use as a pesticide-reducing agent is expanding. Therefore, it was difficult to realize a completely pesticide-free farming method using only wood vinegar, and the pest repellent effect was particularly insufficient. However, the composition according to the invention is surprisingly
It had a pesticidal effect as well as a very pronounced pest repellent effect.

The penetrating action of lysophospholipids is not as strong as that of industrial surfactants. It is known that certain lysophospholipid / fatty acid mixtures have strong penetrating, wetting and spreading effects (JP-A-2-203928). However, the effect of the composition of the present invention is that an industrial surfactant having the same penetration, wetting and spreading effects as the lysophospholipid / fatty acid mixture,
If polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether is used instead of lysophospholipid or lysophospholipid / fatty acid mixture and added to wood vinegar, it cannot be obtained.

The natural agrochemical composition of the present invention contains a protein such as a surfactant, a fatty acid monoglyceride, and casein, an enzymatic decomposition product of the protein, within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
Thickeners such as sodium fiber glycolate, charcoal fine powder, and additives such as chitosan can be added.
It is possible to add an extract of natural products having insecticidal and bactericidal properties such as garlic, mugwort and Dokudami.

[0021]

EXAMPLES The effects of the present invention will be verified below with reference to Examples and Experimental Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The wood vinegar solution and lysophospholipid used in this example are shown below.

<Wood Vinegar> High moxan, manufactured by Hortoku Bussan Co., Ltd., had a specific gravity of 1.018 and a pH of 3.2. -Neutralized wood vinegar made by Shinano Organic Co., Ltd. This product was prepared by neutralizing acidity and had a specific gravity of 1.021 and a pH of 5.9.

<Rhizophospholipid> 200 g of tap water containing 2 g of pancreatic phospholipase A-2 (lecitase 10-L manufactured by Novo Co.) was added to 1 kg of oil-containing soybean phospholipid manufactured by Ajinomoto, and stirred at 60 ° C. Place in the sun
The oil layer separated on the top was removed by centrifugation. The soybean lysophospholipid containing the precipitated water was collected and uniformly mixed to obtain enzyme-treated lipid A. Enzyme-treated lipid A is acetone insoluble matter (phospholipid) 53 wt% and fatty acid 11 wt%
And the others consist of oil and fat, and acetone insoluble matter is TL
C-FID method (Yatroscan TH-1 manufactured by Yatron)
0) analysis showed that lysophospholipid was 84% by weight.
Included. Accordingly, the enzyme-treated lipid A contains 45% by weight of pure lysophospholipid.

1 kg of acetone was added to 600 g of the reaction product obtained by treating in the same manner as the enzyme-treated lipid A, heated and stirred at 50 ° C., cooled to 15 ° C., and centrifuged to obtain an acetone-insoluble matter, and decompression Acetone was distilled off underneath to obtain lysophospholipid. This was designated as enzyme-treated lipid B. Enzyme-treated lipid B
Contained 97% by weight of solids and 83% by weight of lysophospholipids.

In the method for preparing the enzyme-treated lipid B, the enzyme-treated lipid C was obtained by the same method except that the reaction time of the enzyme was 8 hr. The enzyme-treated lipid C contained 96% by weight of solid content and 67% by weight of lysophospholipid.

<Fatty acid> -NOF CORPORATION, coconut oil fatty acid-NOF Co., soybean oil fatty acid

Example 1 1 part by weight of a 10% by weight aqueous solution of the enzyme-treated lipid B was added to 1 part by weight of high-moxan from Hortoku Co., Ltd.
By weight, 50% by weight of wood vinegar and 4.2% by weight of pure lysophospholipids were contained in this composition aqueous solution.

Example 2 2 parts by weight of enzyme-treated lipid B and 10 parts by weight of tap water were added to 8 parts by weight of a Shinano Organic neutralized wood vinegar solution and dissolved by heating to obtain 20 parts by weight of a composition aqueous solution.

Example 3 10 parts by weight of enzyme-treated lipid C and 15 parts by weight of an aqueous solution were added to 5 parts by weight of high-moxan from Hortoku Co., Ltd. to make a mixed solution of 20 parts.

Example 4 To 5 parts by weight of neutralized wood vinegar made by Shinano Organic Co., 5 parts by weight of enzyme-treated lipid A and 40 parts by weight of tap water were added and dissolved by heating to give a mixed solution of 5 parts.
It was 0 part by weight.

Example 5 By weight, 90 parts of high moxan from Hotoku Co., 6 parts of enzyme-treated lipid B and 4 parts of coconut oil fatty acid were dissolved by heating to obtain 100 parts of a composition.

Example 6 94 parts by weight of high-moxan wood vinegar, enzyme-treated lipid C4
And 2 parts of soybean oil fatty acid were mixed by heating to obtain a composition.

Example 7 In parts by weight, high-moxan wood vinegar solution 9, enzyme-treated lipid A1,
20 parts of the composition was obtained by heating and mixing with a ratio of 10 tap water.

Example 8 6 parts by weight of Shinano Organic Neutralized Wood Vinegar Solution 6 and Enzyme Treated Lipid B
4, tap water 10 was heated and mixed to obtain 20 parts of the composition.

Example 9 By weight, high-moxan wood vinegar solution 80 and enzyme-treated lipid C1
5, coconut oil fatty acid 5, tap water 100 dissolved by heating 20
0 part of composition was obtained.

Example 10 By weight, high-moxan wood vinegar solution 81 and enzyme-treated lipid A1
5, soybean oil fatty acid 4, tap water 200 dissolved by heating 30
0 part of composition was obtained.

[0037]

[Experimental example] Experimental example 1 Camellia field after growing for 5 years from seedling, 1a (5m x 10m)
About the test area divided into four, 2 in early June and early August
One spray test was performed. As a control group 1, a 200-fold diluted solution of high-moxan wood vinegar solution, as a control group 2, a 0.05% aqueous solution of enzyme-treated lipid B, and in two test groups, an aqueous solution of the composition of Example 1 and Example 7. Each of the control plots was sprayed with 350 ml / m ² of a 200-fold diluted solution of wood vinegar, and aphids and scale insects were found to adhere to both control groups in early September. It was difficult to find them in our test plot. As of February of the following year, camellia vulgaris disease and soot disease were observed in both control plots, but there was no abnormality in the test plots and the vigor was good.

Experimental Example 2 About 4 places of densely planted Oomurasaki azalea of about 5 m ² were sprayed three times at the beginning of each month of July and September after pruning at the beginning of May. As a control group, a 200-fold solution of high-moxan wood vinegar solution, and in three test groups, the compositions of Example 5, Example 6 and Example 9 were converted to 20 times in terms of wood vinegar solution.
As a 0-fold diluted solution, 400 ml / m ^{2 was} sprayed on each. In the control plots, mite adhesion on the leaf surface, moderate leaf whitening due to feeding damage of Gunpai insects, and leaf feeding damage due to Rurichurange were caused, but no pest damage was observed in the three test plots. In the test plot, the leaves were better colored and the flower buds were about 1.5 times as much as the control plot.

Experimental Example 3 For protection of the embankment slope, Kentacchii grass seeded in April and germinated in May was divided into 5 slopes under the same conditions, and a spraying test was conducted in late June. The control group 1 was prepared by diluting the Shinano organic neutralized wood vinegar solution 400 times, and the control group 2 was also treated with the 0.25% aqueous solution of the enzyme-treated lipid A one day after spraying the Shinano organic wood vinegar solution. An aqueous solution adjusted to 400 times in terms of the wood vinegar solution of the compositions of Example 4 and Example 8 was applied to each of the two test plots. The amount of spray was 200 ml per 1 m ² . The growth status of each plot in the latter part of August was the best in both test plots, and the green color was strong, and it was possible to distinguish at a glance. Next, the control group 2 was good and the control group 1 was inferior thereto, but it was better than the non-test group.

Experimental Example 4 In pesticide-free cultivation of Senbokusai, the control group was 500 times the neutralized wood vinegar solution of Shinano Organic, and the test group was 500 times the aqueous solution of the composition of Example 2 in terms of wood vinegar solution. I used one. 25l at 15-day intervals from when the length of the above-ground part reached about 5cm
When the amount of / a was sprayed on the leaves three times, the control plot was able to be harvested 7 days earlier and the test plot was harvested 12 days earlier than the non-test plot.

Experimental Example 5 In the cultivation of asparagus, application was performed 5 times as soil / foliage application every other month from the beginning of May. The amount of spray is 35l / a, and 50m of high-moxan wood vinegar is used in the control area.
The test solution 1 was sprayed with a 0-fold solution, and the test solution 2 was sprayed with a 500-fold aqueous solution of the composition of Example 10 converted into a wooden vinegar solution.
The spring harvest time is 52 days in the non-test area, whereas the control area is:
58 days, test area 1:63 days, test area 2:65 days,
The amount of harvest was 1.10 times as much as that in the non-test section, and 1.18 times and 1.21 times as much in test sections 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the yield ratios for autumn are 1.
It was 08, 1.13 and 1.15.

Experimental Example 6 For cuttings of Amaranthaceae, cuttings collected in late June were soaked in a 100-fold dilution of the composition aqueous solution of Example 1 for 10 hours, and 100 cuttings were cut into Kanuma soil. did. After cutting, 2 times with an aqueous solution of the same composition twice every 15 days.
3 liters of a 00-fold solution was irrigated. As a control, an untreated plot using only tap water was prepared in the same manner and compared. At the stage of late October, the survival rate was 91% in the test plot and 63% in the control plot, and the rooting weight per seedling in the test plot was 1.6 times that in the control plot.

[0043]

The effects of the present invention are as shown in Experimental Examples 1-6. That is, a composition comprising the wood vinegar of the first invention / lysophospholipid, the wood vinegar of the second invention / lysophospholipid /
Both of the compositions consisting of fatty acids, which is the object of the present invention, succeeded in obtaining a composition similar to a highly effective natural pesticide, and the action of conventional wood vinegar was dramatically improved. is there. Moreover, in improving the nutritional condition of plants, it is possible to obtain a far greater effect than simple wood vinegar.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A plant activity containing wood vinegar and lysophospholipid
Chemical pesticide composition. 2. The weight ratio of wood vinegar / lysophospholipid is 20:
The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, which is 80-97: 3. 3. A lysophospholipid is a soybean lysophospholipid, according to claim 1 or 2 agrochemical composition. 4. A plant activated pesticide composition comprising wood vinegar, lysophospholipids and fatty acids. 5. A wood vinegar solution / lysophospholipids weight ratio of 20:
80-97: 3, and 1 for lysophospholipid
The pesticide composition according to claim 4, which contains not more than 00% by weight of a fatty acid. 6. The method of claim 4 or 5 agrochemical composition according lysophospholipids are soybean lysophospholipid. Claim 7. The fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid 4 or
Pesticidal compositions of other 5 wherein. 8. The unsaturated fatty acid and the fatty acid having 8 carbon atoms
The pesticide composition according to claim 4 or 5, which is a medium chain fatty acid of -14. 9. fatty claim 4 or 5 agrochemical composition wherein the medium chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 8-14.