JPH0685694B2 - Fish feed - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fish feed, which prevents marine pollution due to the fish feed, and has a floating property that does not sink to the seabed and has a high fish predation rate. Concerning fish feed.

(Prior Art and Problems) In recent years, the environment surrounding Japan's fishing industry has become even more severe, and the fishing grounds have been significantly narrowed down due to international constraints such as economic waters. For this reason, the number of fish farmed by sea culture has rapidly increased, and sea culture of Thailand, yellowtail, flounder, horse mackerel, tiger puffer, coho salmon, etc. has become popular. But now
As a marine aquaculture feed, sardines, mackerels, lobsters, etc., which are high-harvesting fish, are administered in minced, cut, and round shapes, so there are many elution of water-soluble nutrients and Due to the large amount of shattering and dispersal, the fish predation rate is low, and there is the drawback of self-contaminating the cultured sea surface. Therefore, recently, fish meal, oil cake,
BACKGROUND ART Fish feeds (hereinafter referred to as moist pellets) obtained by kneading and granulating raw feed crushed products after mixing and stirring a binder with vitamins, minerals and other mixed feed raw materials are rapidly becoming popular.

Moist pellets are granulated into granules by the use of a binder, which can prevent bait dissipation, improve bait efficiency, reduce elution of water-soluble nutrients, and prevent marine pollution. . Furthermore, in the moist pellets, it is possible to mix fish meal, oil cake, nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, and therapeutic agents uniformly.

Until now, as a binder for moist pellets, it has been known to use water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate (for example, JP-B-41-13773, JP-B-57-46350), With the spread of moist pellets, workability during moist pellet manufacturing,
It has been desired to develop a binder having more excellent properties in terms of moldability, shape retention, and caking properties in water.

As a result of intensive research on the binder for moist pellets, the present inventors have found that an excellent moist pellet can be obtained by using a thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt as a binder, and completed the present invention. Came to do.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, the present invention is a fish feed, characterized in that a heat-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt is blended as a binding agent into a fish feed feed material.

The feed material for fish farming in the present invention is a compounded feed comprising fish meal, oil cake, vitamins, minerals and the like, and a crushed raw feed.

Fish meal is used as a feed for fish farming, and white fish meal and brown fish meal are typical and are sources of animal protein. Other animal raw materials include meat powder and bone meat powder, feather meal, blood meal, skim milk powder, Antarctic krill meal and squid meal. In addition to typical oil meal (soybean meal), botanical raw materials include shells, sucrose, starches, gluten meal, and rouxane meal.

Vitamins include vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B ₂ , vitamin B ₆ , vitamin B ₁₂ , vitamin C, niacin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, biotin, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, and the like. Minerals include phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, etc., as required.

On the other hand, the crushed raw bait is raw bait minced meat obtained by crushing raw fish such as sardines, mackerel, sago, saury, lobster and frozen fish or thawed fish, which are high catching fish, with a crusher, a chopper or the like.

The heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt used as a binder in the present invention is a heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt that is heat-crosslinked. That is, free carboxylic acid groups (Ce
ll-O - by heating a CH ₂ -COOH) at high temperature,
Unsubstituted hydroxyl group (Cell-OH) in the molecular chain of other carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salts and ester bond (Ce
in which it accounted conducted a crosslinking reaction by _{ll-O-CH 2 -COO-} Cell).

As the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt as a starting material, either the water medium method or the solvent method can be used.
The average degree of substitution (DS) can be 0.2 to 2.5. If it is less than 0.2, the water absorption capacity after thermal crosslinking is insufficient,
Those of 2.5 or more are not preferable because they have few unsubstituted hydroxyl groups, thermal crosslinking hardly occurs, and the manufacturing cost is high. The viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution must be 300 cps or more, preferably 10
It is more than 00cps. When a heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt having a viscosity of 300 cps or less is used as a binder for moist pellets, the viscosity,
Water retention is insufficient, the pellets after granulation are soft and sticky,
It becomes sticky and the feeding workability becomes extremely poor.

In order to carry out the esterification crosslinking reaction by heat treatment, the presence of a free carboxylic acid group is required in the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt, and the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt in which such a free carboxylic acid group exists is produced. PH is 8.0 or less in the neutralization process
It is preferably set to 7.5 or less.

Heat treatment conditions, the degree of substitution of the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt before treatment, the viscosity, depending on the properties such as the amount of free carboxylic acid groups, the heating temperature is preferably 100 ~ 200 ℃, more preferably 120 ~ 180 ℃ Is. If the temperature is 100 ° C. or lower, it takes a very long time for thermal crosslinking, and if the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher, the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt is decomposed and deteriorated so much that the function as a binder is deteriorated. The heating time is suitably in the range of 0.2 to 5 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 4 hours.

Examples of the alkali metal of the heat-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt used in the present invention include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. Usually, the sodium salt is preferably used.

In kneading and molding the crushed raw bait and the compounded feed in the present invention, depending on the predation condition of the cultured fish, the former 80
-30% by weight The latter is 20 to 70% by weight, but normally 50% by weight of crushed raw feed and 50% by weight of mixed feed are used. In addition, the binder of the present invention is 0.5 to 10 in the compounded feed.
%, Preferably 2-4% by weight,
Excellent moist pellets can be obtained.

In the binder of the moist pellets of the present invention, a heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt is used alone, and a water-soluble polymer compound that has been used as a binder for fish feeds until now, for example, carboxymethylcellulose. Soluble cellulose ethers such as sodium, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium alginate,
Natural gums such as guar gum, xanthan gum and carrageenan, synthetic polymers such as sodium polyacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol, and one or more selected from α-starch, gluten and the like can be used together. Particularly, a mixture of heat-crosslinked alkali metal carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has excellent performance as a binder.

The method of kneading and molding the moist pellets using the heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt of the present invention as a binder may be a commonly used method, fish meal, oil cake,
Heat-crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt is added to vitamins, minerals and other compounded feed ingredients, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed and stirred by a mixer, and then kneaded evenly with a kneader together with minced raw fish or frozen or thawed fish. Then, granulate with a granulator to obtain moist pellets.

(Effects of the Invention) Moist pellets containing the thermally crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt of the present invention as a binder,
The workability of kneading and extrusion granulation during the production of moist pellets is excellent, and the resulting moist pellets have no stickiness, clean skin and excellent shape retention. When it is fed into the sea, it does not disintegrate and disperse, there is no elution of water-soluble nutrients into the water, it has excellent floating properties, the fish prey rate is good, and pollution of fishing grounds can be prevented.

(Examples) Examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described below.
In the following, "part" means "part by weight" and "%" means "% by weight".

Example 1 60 parts of coastal meal containing 65% protein, 25 parts of wheat flour, 12 parts of defatted rice bran, and 3 parts of heat-crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as heat-crosslinked CMC) shown in Table 1 were mixed. Were evenly mixed to prepare a mixed feed for fish farming. Next, the frozen sardine fish is crushed with a chopper into minced meat.

The above compounded feed and 100 parts of this raw feed minced meat were well kneaded by a kneader and then granulated and molded by a granulator to obtain a moist pellet having a diameter of 7.5 mm.

Compared with the moist pellets using general low-viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC), the pellets had no stickiness, the pellet surface was smooth, and the shape was beautiful. In addition, there was no adhesion between the moist pellets, the shape did not collapse even when stirred by hand, and the variation was good.

Moreover, this product was frozen and stored at 20 ° C. for 20 hours under zero temperature, and it was good without any change. The product taken out from the freezer was naturally thawed and then swirled by hand, but there was no adhesion between the pellets, good dispersion, no loss of shape, and no granulation.
Furthermore, when this product was fed to Thailand and yellowtail, the shape retention was good and there was no elution of water-soluble components, and no seawater contamination was observed. In addition, the fish had good predation because it had an appropriate sedimentation property.

Examples 2 to 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, the moist pellets were kneaded and molded using the thermally crosslinked CMC shown in Table 1 as a binder, and as a result, good moist pellets were obtained. Also,
The feeding was as good as in Example 1.

Example 4 25 parts of 65% protein coastal meal, 25% of 65% protein troll meal
Parts, wheat powder 12 parts, defatted rice bran 17 parts, soybean meal 10 parts, bread crumbs 5 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1 part, vitamins 1 part, minerals 1 part and heat-crosslinked CMC 3 parts shown in Table-2. , Mix evenly with a mixer to obtain a compounded feed. Then, Example 1
In the same manner as above, the frozen sardine fish was kneaded with 100 parts of minced live bait crushed with a chopper, and then granulated.

The obtained moist pellets were beautiful and free from stickiness, and were as good as in Example 1. In addition, when frozen, thawed, and fed, the results were the same as in Example 1.

Examples 5 to 8 Moist pellets were molded using the heat-crosslinked CMCs shown in Table 2 in the same manner as in Example 4, but all were good as in Example 4.

Example 9 Thermally cross-linked CMC of Example 1 and DS0.62, CMC of 1% viscosity 8000 cps
Blended in a weight ratio of 40:60 to obtain DS 0.72, 1% viscosity 3
000 cps mixed CMC binder was obtained.

65% Protein Coastal Meal 25 parts, 65% Protein Troll Meal 25
Parts, wheat flour 12 parts, defatted rice bran 17 parts, soybean meal 10 parts, bread crumbs 5 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1 part, vitamins 1 part, minerals 1 part and the above mixed CMC binder 3 parts, A mixed feed was obtained by uniformly mixing with a mixer. Next, 100 parts of this compounded feed and 100 parts of minced live bait obtained by crushing frozen sardine fish with a chopper were kneaded and granulated.

The obtained moist pellets were beautiful, had no stickiness, and were good in all aspects such as moldability, dispersion, and seawater contamination as shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1 As in Example 4, the binder was DS 0.88, 1% viscosity 1200
Obtain a formula feed using cps CMC. Then, after kneading the sardine frozen fish with minced live bait minced with a chopper,
The moist pellets were granulated. The obtained moist pellets were not well molded and did not become pellets one by one but adhered to each other to form a block shape. Also, when this product was stirred by hand, the adhesion proceeded further to form dumplings, which made feeding difficult.

In addition, those frozen and stored were hard to freeze and could not be stirred by hand, and could not be fed.

Comparative Examples 2 to 4 Moist pellets were molded using the CMCs shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, but all were inferior as in Comparative Example 1.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fish feed, comprising a raw material for a fish feed containing a thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt as a binder.