JPS63157939A - Pisciculture feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a pisciculture feed producible in high workability, giving a moist pellet free from stickiness, having smooth surface and excellent shape- retainability and resistant to disintegration and diffusion in sea-water, by compounding a highly water-absorbing polymer to a pisciculture feed raw material. CONSTITUTION:A pisciculture feed raw material composed of fish meal, oil cake, wheat flour, vitamins, minerals, freezing agent, etc., is mixed with preferably 2-5wt% polymer having high water-absorptivity (e.g. starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, polyacrylic acid salt polymer, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid salt copolymer, etc.) to obtain the objective feed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to fish feed, which prevents marine pollution caused by fish feed, and which is extremely easy to handle during manufacturing and feeding. , relates to a fish feed that has moderate floating properties that prevent it from sinking to the seabed and has a high rate of fish predation.

(Conventional techniques and problems) In recent years, the environment surrounding fishing in Japan has become even more severe, and fishing grounds have become significantly narrower due to international restrictions such as economic zones. For this reason, the number of fish cultivated through marine aquaculture has rapidly increased, and marine aquaculture of sea bream, yellowtail, flounder, horse mackerel, pufferfish, coho salmon, etc., has become popular. However, when used as feed for marine aquaculture, multiple fish, such as sardines, mackerel, and shrimp, are minced, cut, or whole and administered directly onto the seawater surface, resulting in the elution of water-soluble nutritional components. This method has the disadvantage that the predation rate of fish is low due to the fact that the bait is crushed and dissipated in the water and sinks into the water and the seabed, etc., and the aquaculture sea surface is self-contaminated. For this reason, in recent years, fish meal, oil cake, wheat powder, vitamins, minerals, and other compounded feed ingredients are mixed with a binder, and the fish feed is made by kneading and granulating crushed live feed such as sardines, mackerel, and shrimp. (hereinafter referred to as Moist Pellets)
is rapidly becoming popular.

Moist pellets are granulated into granules by adding a binder, so there is less breakage of the bait during feeding, which improves the predation rate of fish, and also reduces the elution of water-soluble nutrients, which is effective in preventing marine pollution. There is.

So far, moist pellets have used sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter referred to as CMC) and sodium alginate as binders (Special Public Interest Pellets,
13773), which uses sodium alginate and calcium salt as the main ingredients and a binder (Special Publication No. 57-46
350), those using a binder whose main component is CMC with a viscosity of 4000 cps or more (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1021-1989)
50) etc. have been proposed and are recognized to have a considerable caking effect. However, moist pellets using these binders are not suitable for the moisture content of live bait such as sardines, mackerel, and shrimp, frozen storage conditions, frozen storage conditions and thawing conditions of moist pellets, and the relationship between raw bait and compound feed materials. Due to changes in the mixing ratio, etc., the moist pellets tend to become sticky during production and feeding due to the moisture content of the moist pellets, and tend to stick together in a ball-like shape, resulting in the production and feeding operations being carried out in a round machine or freezing. Stored products had drawbacks such as hard freezing throughout, and were not necessarily satisfactory.

As a result of intensive research to solve the problems mainly caused by the water content of these conventional moisturizing pellets, the present inventors discovered that excellent moisturizing pellets can be obtained by blending a super absorbent polymer, The present invention has now been completed.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, the present invention is a fish feed characterized by blending a super absorbent polymer into a fish feed raw material.

The feed raw materials for fish farming in the present invention are mixed feeds and crushed live feeds consisting of fish meal, oil cake, wheat and rice flour, vitamins, minerals, binders, and others.

Typical examples of fishmeal include white fishmeal and brown fishmeal, which are animal protein sources used as feed ingredients for fish farming. In addition, meat meal, bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, skim milk powder, Antarctic krill meal,
There are squid meal, etc. Plant-based raw materials include oil cake (soybean meal), grains, bran, starch, and gluten meal.

Contains vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C1, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, and biotin. Minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and sodium are added as necessary.

The crushed raw bait is minced raw bait obtained by crushing raw fish, frozen fish, or thawed fish such as sardines, mackerel, saury, shrimp, and kounago using a crusher, chopper, or the like.

The superabsorbent polymer compounded as a water-retaining shape agent in the present invention is
At least 2 of its own weight using the so-called tea bag measuring method.
It is a polymeric substance that has the ability to absorb and retain water 0 times or more, and its composition is not particularly limited. In general, starch-acrylic acid graft polymers, polyacrylate-based superabsorbent polymers, vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers, acrylamide-acrylate copolymers, polyethylene oxide-based superabsorbent polymers, isobutylene・Maleic anhydride copolymer, PVA/maleic anhydride copolymer, starch/polyacrylonitrile copolymer, etc. can be mentioned, and various commercially available super absorbent polymers can also be used in the present invention. I can do it.

In the present invention, when compound feed and crushed raw feed are kneaded and molded, the mixing ratio is preferably in the range of 20 to 70% by weight for the former and 80 to 30% by weight for the latter. Moreover, excellent moist pellets can be obtained by mixing the superabsorbent polymer in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight, in the compounded feed. Even if the super absorbent polymer is used in an amount of 15% by weight or more, no dramatic improvement in the water-retaining and shape-retaining effect is observed, and the effect is sufficiently exerted when the amount used is 15% by weight or less.

Although superabsorbent polymers can be used alone, water-soluble polymers conventionally used as binders for moist pellets, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
Selected from water-soluble cellulose needles such as methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, natural gums such as sodium alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum, and carrageenan, synthetic polymers such as sodium polyacrylate and polyvinyl alcohol, α-starch, gluten, etc. It is a potency that can be used in combination with one or more types.

The method of kneading and molding moist pellets using a super absorbent polymer as a water-retaining and shaping agent may be a commonly used method. In other words, a super absorbent polymer is added to fish meal, oil cake, wheat and rice flour, vitamins, minerals, and other mixed feed ingredients, and after thorough stirring and mixing with a mixer, raw fish, frozen fish, or thawed fish is crushed into raw bait minced meat. The mixture is uniformly kneaded with a kneader and granulated with a granulator to obtain moist pellets.

(Effects of the Invention) The moist pellets containing the super absorbent polymer of the present invention are excellent in cross-contamination during production and workability in extrusion granulation, and the obtained moist pellets are non-sticky and leave the skin clean and well-maintained. Excellent shape. In addition, when feeding by administering to the sea surface, the moist pellets do not stick to each other, making it easier for mackerel to spread the pellets evenly over the sea surface. In addition, the fed moist pellets do not break up and escape in the sea, have low leaching of water-soluble nutrients, have excellent buoyancy, have a good fish predation rate, and are extremely effective in preventing pollution of the sea surface for aquaculture.

Furthermore, it is possible to prevent moisture contained on the surface of the moist pellets from oozing out during frozen storage and thawing of the moist pellets, and to prevent the generation of frozen nodules and the failure of mackerel due to stickiness, which are problematic due to the amount of soil handled in the moist pellets.

(Example) Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.

In the following, parts represent parts by weight, and % represents weight %.

Example 1 60 parts of coastal meal containing 65% protein, 25 parts of wheat rice flour, 1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose (viscosity 3500C1)
1S product), 12 parts of defatted rice bran, and 3 parts of a super absorbent polymer (Sunwet IM-300 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical) were uniformly mixed in a mixer to prepare a mixed feed for fish farming. Then, the frozen sardine fish was crushed using a chopper to obtain minced raw bait. Mixed feed for fish farming and 100 parts of minced raw bait were thoroughly kneaded using a mixer, and then granulated using a granulator to form granules with a diameter of 7.51 mm.
1+1R1 Cylindrical moist pellets with a length of 10# were obtained.

This moist pellet did not cause any trouble in handling during production. In addition, there was no stickiness, the pellet surface was smooth, and the shape was beautiful. Even when the pellets were stirred by hand, they did not lose their shape, the moist pellets did not adhere to each other, and the texture was good. Further, this product was frozen and stored at -20°C for 20 hours, but it remained in good condition without any change, and even after natural thawing, there was no stickiness, the flakiness was good, the shape did not deform, and there was no granulation. I fed this moist pellet to yellowtail,
It had good shape retention in seawater, no fracture escape, little elution of water-soluble components, good predation by fish, and no seawater contamination was observed.

Examples 2 to 4 Super absorbent polymer (Sunwet IM-300 manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.
) and CMC, moist pellets were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amounts of CMC were changed.

The moist pellets were as good as those in Examples during production, frozen storage, thawing, and feeding.

Comparative Examples 5 to 7 No superabsorbent polymer was used, and instead of the carboxymethyl cellulose (1 part viscosity 3500 cps product) of Example 1, 3 parts carboxymethyl cellulose with a viscosity of 4000 cps or more and 3 parts sodium alginate were used as shown in Table 1. Moist pellets were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using a fish feed containing 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of calcium chloride, and 1 part of guar gum.

In all of the comparative examples, compared to Examples 1 to 4, the moist pellets were less likely to attract sticky mackerel during production, thawing, and feeding, and the pressure during handling during feeding caused the moist pellets to stick together, causing It was difficult to uniformly administer the drug to patients. In addition, the moist pellets often lose their shape in seawater, are broken and scattered, and are not easily eaten by fish, leading to the risk of seawater contamination.

Examples 8 to 15 As super absorbent polymers, polyacrylate-based super absorbent polymers (Akra Keep, manufactured by Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.), vinyl acetate/acrylate copolymer (Sumikagel 5P-520, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), isobutylene/anhydrous Using maleic acid copolymer (KI Gel 201 manufactured by Clareisoprene Chemical 1) and PVA maleic anhydride copolymer (GP manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku), the amount of compounded feed for fish farming was changed as shown in Table 2. . The moist pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

The obtained moist pellets had the same results as in Example 1, and were superior to Comparative Examples 5 to 7.

Examples, comparative examples, and evaluation results of the obtained moist pellets are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A fish feed characterized by blending a super absorbent polymer into a fish feed raw material.