JPS63109741A - Feed for raising fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled feed, having improved operability, e.g. kneading, extruding and granulating, in producing moist pellets without stickiness and capable of floating on water, by blending a thermally crosslinked alkali metal salt of carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder with a feed raw material for raising fish. CONSTITUTION:A feed obtained by blending a thermally crosslinked alkali metal slat of carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder in an mount of preferably 2-4wt% with a feed raw material for raising fish.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to fish feed, which prevents marine pollution caused by fish feed, and also reduces the predation rate of fish by having four walls that do not sink to the seabed. Concerning high fish feed.

(Conventional techniques and problems) In recent years, the environment surrounding fishing in Japan has become even more severe, and fishing grounds have become significantly narrower due to international restrictions such as economic zones. For this reason, the number of fish cultivated through marine aquaculture has rapidly increased, and marine aquaculture of sea bream, yellowtail, flounder, horse mackerel, draft pufferfish, coho salmon, and other species has become popular. But now,
As feed in marine aquaculture, sardines, mackerel, shrimp, etc., which are commonly caught fish, are fed in the form of minced, cut, or round shapes, which results in a large amount of water-soluble nutritional components being leached out, and also reduces the amount of feed in the water. The disadvantage is that the predation rate of fish is low due to the large amount of fragmentation and escape, and that the aquaculture sea surface is self-contaminated. For this reason, recently, fish feed (hereinafter referred to as "domoist pellets") is rapidly produced by mixing and stirring fishmeal, oil cake, vitamins, minerals, and other compounded feed ingredients with a binder, then kneading and granulating them with crushed live bait. It is becoming popular.

Moist pellets are granulated using a binder, which prevents the bait from scattering, increasing bait efficiency, and reducing the elution of water-soluble nutrients, which is effective in preventing ocean pollution. . Furthermore, it is possible to uniformly mix nutrients such as vitamins and minerals and therapeutic drugs with fishmeal and oil cake in the moist pellets.

Until now, it has been known to use water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate as a binder for moist pellets (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-13773 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-46350). With the spread of moist pellets, there has been a desire to develop a binder with better performance in terms of workability, moldability, shape retention, caking ability in water, etc. during the production of moist pellets.

As a result of intensive research on the binder for moist pellets, the present inventors discovered that excellent moist pellets could be obtained by using a thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt as a binder, and completed the present invention. I came to the conclusion.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, the present invention is a fish feed characterized by blending thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt as a binder with a fish feed raw material.

The feed raw materials for fish farming in the present invention are mixed feeds and crushed live feeds consisting of fishmeal, oil cake, vitamins, minerals, and others.

Fishmeal is used as feed for fish farming, and white and brown fishmeal are representative animal protein sources. Other animal raw materials include meat meal, bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, skim milk powder, Antarctic krill meal, and squid meal. Plant-based raw materials include the typical oil cake (soybean meal), as well as grains, refined sugars, starches, gluten meal, and Ruthen meal.

Vitamins are vitamin B 1 vitamin B 1 vitamin B
Contains vitamin B12, vitamin C, niacin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, biotin, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, etc. Minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and sodium are added as required.

On the other hand, crushed raw bait is minced raw bait obtained by crushing raw fish, frozen fish, or thawed fish, such as sardines, mackerel, Japanese sardines, saury, and shrimp, which are frequently caught fish, by crushing them using a crusher, chopper, or the like.

The thermally crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt used as a binder in the present invention is an alkali metal salt of carboxymethylcellulose that is thermally crosslinked by heat treatment. That is, a small amount of free carbon WI groups (
By heating Cell-0--CH2-COOH) at high temperature, unsubstituted hydroxyl groups (Cell-OH) in the molecular chains of other carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salts
and ester bond (Ce I l-0-CH2-COO-
A crosslinking reaction was carried out using Cel I).

The starting material carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt can be prepared using either an aqueous method or a solvent method.

Moreover, those having an average degree of substitution (O8) of 0.2 to 2.5 can be used. If it is less than 0.2, the water absorption capacity after thermal crosslinking will be insufficient, and if it is more than 2.5, there will be few unsubstituted hydroxyl groups, making thermal crosslinking difficult to occur and the manufacturing cost will be high, so it is not preferable. The viscosity of the 1% aqueous solution needs to be 300 CDS or more, preferably 1000 CpS or more. 300C
When a thermally cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt with a viscosity below pS is used as a binder for moist pellets, the viscosity and water retention are insufficient, and the pellets after granulation become soft and sticky, resulting in adhesive properties. This results in extremely poor bait casting workability.

In order to carry out the esterification crosslinking reaction by heat treatment, free carbon I! is present in the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt. The presence of such a free carvone group is required! ! The carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt in which the group is present has a pH of 8.0 in the neutralization step during production.
This can be obtained by setting it to 0 or less, preferably 7.5 or less.

The heat treatment conditions vary depending on the properties of the carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt before treatment, such as the degree of substitution, viscosity, and circle of free carboxylic acid groups, but the heating temperature is 100 to 20%.
A suitable temperature is 0°C, more preferably 120 to 180°C. If the temperature is below 100°C, it will take a very long time for thermal crosslinking, and if it is above 200°C, the carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt will undergo severe decomposition and deterioration, resulting in a decrease in its function as a binder, which is undesirable. The heating time is suitably in the range of 0.2 to 5 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 4 hours.

The alkali metal of the thermally crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt used in the present invention includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and sodium salt is usually preferably used.

In the present invention, when kneading and molding the crushed raw bait and the compounded feed, the former is
The ratio of the latter is 20 to 70% by weight, but usually a ratio of 50% by weight of crushed live feed and 50% by weight of mixed feed is used. Moreover, excellent moist pellets can be obtained by mixing the binder of the present invention in a compounded feed in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight.

As the binder for the moist pellets of the present invention, thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali salt is used alone, as well as water-soluble polymer compounds that have been used as binders for fish feed, such as carboxymethyl cellulose sodium. , water-soluble cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; natural gums such as sodium alginate, guar gum, xanthan gum, and carrageenan; synthetic polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol; - It is also possible to use one or more selected from starch, gluten, etc. in combination.

In particular, a mixture of a thermally crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt and carboxymethylcellulose sodium has excellent performance as a binder.

The method of kneading and molding moist pellets using the thermally crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose alkali metal salt of the present invention as a binder may be any commonly used method.
Heat-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali gold 1 for vitamins, minerals and other mixed feed ingredients
i! ! After adding salt and thoroughly mixing and stirring with a mixer, raw fish, frozen fish, or thawed fish are uniformly kneaded with crushed minced meat in a kneader, and granulated with a granulator to obtain moist pellets.

(Effects of the invention) The moist pellets containing the thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt of the present invention as a binder are as follows:
It has excellent workability in kneading and extrusion granulation during moist pellet production, and the obtained moist pellets are non-sticky, have a clean skin, and have excellent shape retention. When bait is cast into the sea, it does not break up and escape, there is no leaching of water-soluble nutrients into the water, it has excellent floating properties, has a good fish predation rate, and can prevent pollution of fishing grounds.

(Example) Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.

In the following, parts represent weight parts, and % represents weight %.

Example 1 60 parts coastal meal containing 65% protein, 25 parts wheat flour,
12 parts of defatted rice bran and 3 parts of heat-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose allium (hereinafter abbreviated as heat-crosslinked ICMG) shown in Table 1 were uniformly mixed in a mixer to prepare a mixed feed for fish farming. Next, the frozen sardine fish is crushed using a chopper and minced.

The above compounded feed and 100 parts of this minced raw feed were thoroughly kneaded in a mixer, and then granulated in a granulator to obtain a diameter of 7. 5
moist pellets of mai were obtained.

Compared to moist pellets using general sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC), which has a low viscosity, this pellet was not sticky, had a smooth pellet surface, and had a beautiful shape.

In addition, there was no adhesion between moist pellets, the shape did not collapse even when stirred by hand, and the texture was good.

Further, this product was frozen and stored at -20°C for 20 hours, but it remained in good condition with no change. In addition, after taking out the pellets from the freezer and thawing them naturally, I stirred them by hand, but there was no adhesion between the pellets, the flakes were good, they did not lose their shape, and there was no granulation. Furthermore, this material was fed to sea bream and yellowtail,
Good shape retention, no elution of water-soluble components, and no seawater contamination was observed.

In addition, because it had a moderate sedimentation property, it was well-predated by fish.

Examples 2 to 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, moist pellets were mixed and molded using hot rack ICMC shown in Table 1 as a binder, and as a result, good moist pellets were obtained in all cases. Furthermore, feeding was also as good as in Example 1.

Example 4 25 parts of 65% protein coastal meal, 25 parts of 65% protein troll meal, 12 parts of wheat rice flour, 11 parts of defatted rice bran, 10 parts of soybean oil cake, 5 parts of bread crumbs, 1 part of dibasic calcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamins, Minerals 1 part and thermal rack ICM shown in Table 2
03 parts were uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain a compounded feed.

Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the frozen sardine fish was mixed with 100 parts of minced raw bait crushed with a chopper, and then granulated.

The obtained moist pellets had beautiful lines and no stickiness, and were as good as in Example 1. In addition, the results were similar to those in Example 1 during frozen storage, thawing, and feeding.

Examples 5 to 8 Moist pellets were molded using the thermally crosslinked CMC shown in Table 2 in the same manner as in Example 4, and as in Example 4, all were good.

Example 9 Thermally crosslinked CMC of Example 1 and DSO, 62, 1% viscosity 1i
8000cI) S no CMC mff1 ratio 40:6
A mixed CMC binder having a viscosity of 3000 cps was obtained by blending at a ratio of 0 (7) [)30.72.1 parts.

65% protein coastal meal 25 parts, 65% protein troll meal 25 parts, wheat rice flour 12 parts, defatted rice bran 17 parts, soybean oil cake 10 parts, bread crumbs 5 parts, dibasic calcium phosphate 1 part, vitamins 1 part, minerals 1 part 3 parts and the above mixed CMC binder
The ingredients were uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain a mixed feed. Next, 100 parts of this compounded feed and 100 parts of minced raw feed prepared by crushing frozen sardine fish using a chopper were mixed and then granulated.

The obtained moist pellets were beautiful, had no stickiness, and were good in all aspects such as moldability, flakiness, and seawater contamination as shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1 A compound feed is obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 using CMC having DSo as the binder and 88.1 parts viscosity 1200 CI)S. Next, the frozen sardine fish was mixed with minced live bait that was crushed using a chopper, and then moist pellets were granulated.

The resulting moist pellets were poorly molded, and did not form individual pellets, but instead adhered to each other to form a block-like shape. Furthermore, when this material was stirred by hand, the adhesion progressed further and it became ball-like, making feeding difficult.

In addition, frozen foods were frozen solid and could not be stirred by hand, making it impossible to feed them.

Comparative Examples 2 to 4 Moist pellets were molded using the CMC shown in Table 1 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, but as in Comparative Example 1, all of them were defective.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A fish feed characterized in that a thermally crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose alkali metal salt is blended as a binder into a fish feed raw material.