JPH01117752A - Binder for feed used in culturing fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the above beautiful binder capable of providing moist pellets having excellent hardness, shape holding properties, stability with time and feed efficiency without stickiness, by blending a CMC salt having specific properties with a polyacrylate. CONSTITUTION:The above binder obtained by blending 99.5-90wt.% CMC (salt) (e.g., Na salt) having >=2,000cP viscosity (1% aqueous solution at 25 deg.C) and 0.4-1.5 average substitution degree with 0.5-10wt.% polyacrylate (e.g., Na salt). The above-mentioned binder in an amount of 0.5-10wt.% in a formula feed of a fish meal, oil cake, vitamins, minerals, etc., is blended and kneaded with various feed raw materials for culturing fishes consisting of 60-20wt.% formula feed and 40-80wt.% pulverized live bait and the resultant kneaded blend is granulated and formed to afford the aimed moist pellets which are a feed for culturing fishes.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a binder for fish feed.

(Prior art and problems) In recent years, the environment surrounding Japan's fishing industry has become even more severe, and fishing grounds have become significantly narrower due to international restrictions such as economic zones.

For this reason, fish farming by marine aquaculture has rapidly increased, and Thailand,
Marine farming of yellowtail, flounder, horse mackerel, puffer fish, coho salmon, etc. is becoming popular. However, currently, as feed for marine aquaculture, sardines, mackerel, saury, shrimp, etc., which are commonly caught fish, are fed in the form of minced, cut, or round shapes, which results in a large amount of water-soluble nutritional components being leached out. Since minced meat and the like are often dissipated in the water, the predation rate of fish is low, and self-contamination of the aquaculture sea surface due to dissipated and sinking bait is increasing.

For this reason, recently, mixed feed made by mixing fishmeal, oil cake, grains, nutrients (vitamins, minerals), and other fish feed raw materials with a binder and crushed live feed are mixed and stirred, and then processed. Fish feed formed into pellets using a granulator (referred to as moist pellets or Oregon pellets) is rapidly increasing in length.

These moist pellets are molded into a pellet shape using a binder, which prevents the bait from dissipating, increasing the predation rate of fish and improving the bait efficiency. It is adsorbed in powdered feed containing binders and is prevented from leaching into water, making it extremely effective in preventing self-contamination of the ocean.

Furthermore, when moist pellets are used as feed, there is an advantage that drugs and nutritional supplements for disease prevention can be added or therapeutic drugs can be administered during granulation and molding.

Until now, water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose salt (hereinafter referred to as CMC salt) and sodium alginate have not been used as binders for moist pellets.
It is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-13773. However, moist pellets made using these water-soluble polymers have weak cohesive strength and seawater resistance, and when administered into seawater, they swell in a short time, reduce cohesive strength, and become easily crushed, making them difficult to feed fish. Due to the outflow caused by the bait, there is a significant loss of bait outside the cage, which is undesirable as it reduces the predation rate of fish and contaminates the fishing grounds.

Furthermore, a method for producing fish feed using an aqueous sodium alginate solution and a calcium salt as the main ingredients as a binder is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48350/1983. but,
Since sodium alginate is a natural product, it has the problem of unstable quality as the ingredients vary depending on the production area, and since it is granulated using gel-forming function, it is absorbed by fish after feeding. Some doubts have been raised. Furthermore, when pelletizing, the hardness is insufficient and the cut ends are likely to crumble, resulting in powdering, which is undesirable.In addition, when the pellets are stored in the feeding box at the time of production, they deform due to their own weight, making the whole pellet-like and making it difficult to feed. It becomes difficult.

Recently, high viscosity CM of 7000 cps or more has been used as a binder.
C-salt has come to be used, but moist pellets with satisfactory performance cannot be obtained unless the ingredients are thoroughly mixed and kneaded during granulation, and the high water-absorbing power of high-viscosity CMC salt results in hardness. However, it lacks stability over time and tends to soften and crumble in a short period of time. For this reason, when baiting is done by temporarily freezing and then re-thawing, which has recently been done in boat fishing, or when pellets have been granulated for a long time, the molded pellets soften considerably, making it impossible to cast bait in the case of ILW. become a state.

As a result of intensive research to solve the problems of the binders used in these conventional moisturizing pellets, the present inventors found that specific carboxymethylcellulose salts and polyacrylates,
It was discovered that excellent moist pellets could be obtained by using a binder mixed in a specific ratio, and the present invention was completed.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, the present invention comprises 99.5 to 90 parts by weight of a carboxymethyl cellulose salt having a viscosity of 2000 cps or more and an average degree of substitution (D5) of 0.4 to 1.5, and 0.9 parts by weight of a polyacrylate. 5~
This is a binder for fish feed containing 10 parts by weight.

In the present invention, fish meal, oil cake,
Examples include vitamins, minerals, other powdered raw materials for fish farming, and crushed raw bait.

Fishmeal is used as fish feed, and two typical types are white fishmeal and brown fishmeal. Other animal protein sources that may be used as appropriate include meat meal, bone meal, feather meal, blood meal,
Examples include skimmed milk powder, Antarctic krill meal, and squid meal.

Further, as the vegetable raw materials, oil cake, grains, sugars, soybean flour and soybean meal, starches, gluten meal, lucerne meal, etc. are used.

Vitamins include vitamin B, B, B6, B12, vitamin C, niacin, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, etc., and minerals include phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, etc. as required. .

On the other hand, the crushed raw bait used is minced or sliced raw bait prepared by processing raw or frozen fish such as sardines, mackerel, kounago, saury, and shrimp, which are frequently caught fish, using a crusher, chopper, etc. Ru.

Regardless of the manufacturing method, the CMC salt used in the present invention can be manufactured by any method such as an aqueous medium method or a solvent method. The average degree of substitution (D5) is 0.4 to 1
．． A DSL in the range of 5 is preferable. If the DSL is higher than 5, the CMC salt itself is too sticky, so it is kneaded too quickly during kneading and there is a possibility of blocking. It is not preferable because the improvement effect of It is 1.0.

On the other hand, the viscosity of the CMC salt used in the present invention is 2000 when reconstituted with a 1% aqueous solution (B-type rotational viscometer, 60 rpm, 25°C).
cps or more, preferably 5000 cps or more. 2
If it is less than 000 cps, the molded moist pellets will be sticky and there will be adhesion between the pellets, and the hardness will not be sufficient and will easily crumble during feeding.

CMC salts that can be used in the present invention include alkali metal salts such as lithium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and ammonium salts, but sodium salts are usually used.

As the polyacrylate in the present invention, various water-soluble ones can be used, but sodium polyacrylate, which is approved as a food additive, is the most preferred. A crosslinked type can also be used.

The blending ratio of CMC salt and polyacrylate in the present invention is 99.5 to 90% by weight of CMC salt and 0.5 to 10% by weight of polyacrylate, preferably 99 to 95% by weight of CMC salt. The amount of polyacrylate is 1 to 5% by weight. If the polyacrylate content is less than 0.5% by weight, the effect of the polyacrylate mixture will not be sufficient, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the polyacrylate in the feed that has not been eaten will be difficult to decompose, so it will be worse. This is undesirable as it will have a negative impact on the fish farming environment, such as contaminating the seawater and adhering to the silk threads in the fish tank.

To make fish feed into moist pellets, mix raw feed with mixed feed powder made by mixing various fish feed raw materials and a binder,
After kneading, it is granulated and molded, and the mixing ratio of the mixed feed and raw feed at this time is 60-20% by weight for the former and 40-80f for the latter.
fi amount%. Preferably, the former is mixed in a proportion of 50 to 40% by weight and the latter in a proportion of 50 to 60% by weight.

In addition, the amount of the binder of the present invention used is 0.5
It is preferable to use a mixture of 1% to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight.

Furthermore, various water-soluble polymer compounds that have been conventionally used, such as sodium alginate, guar gum, casein soda, α-starch, xanthan gum, carrageenan, natural products such as seaweed powder, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, It is also possible to use one or more selected from water-soluble cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and synthetic polymer compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol.

The binder of the present invention may be used in the usual way, such as by mixing it when mixing various feed ingredients to make a compound feed, or by adding it directly to a mixing tank when granulating moist pellets. Mixing is also possible.

(Effects of the invention) When mixed feed and crushed raw feed are kneaded using the binder containing the CMC salt and polyacrylate of the present invention, they become agglomerated quickly and are granulated in an insufficiently mixed state. Even if formed,
There is no blocking due to stickiness during kneading, the compaction is good during extrusion, and the entire pellet is molded uniformly. The obtained moist pellets are beautiful without stickiness, have improved hardness, and retain their shape without disintegrating over time even when left alone.
It has excellent stability over time.

Furthermore, even when this pellet is administered into the sea for feeding, it has good shape retention and does not collapse, and water-soluble nutrients do not elute into the water, so seawater pollution can be prevented.

In addition, since it does not collapse, it is possible to prevent bait from being washed out of the cage, which increases the predation rate of fish and improves feed efficiency, and is also effective in preventing environmental deterioration of fishing grounds due to sinking of lost bait.

(Examples) In order to explain the effects of the present invention in more detail, Examples and Comparative Examples will be described below. In the following, parts and % refer to parts by weight and % by weight, respectively.

Example 1 Sardine fishmeal 59.5, pollock fishmeal 12.6, soybean meal 1.4, gluten meal 3.5, wheat flour 16.0, alfalfa meal 1.4, brewer's yeast 3.5, liver powder 0.7 , Phosphorusicum 0.7, Nutrient 0.7
A mixed feed was prepared by mixing the ingredients in a weight ratio of

Next, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC: manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.; CMC Daicel) with a viscosity of 7500 cps, DSo, 73 and sodium polyacrylate (NaPA: manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Chemical; Aqualic M H-S
) was used to prepare a blended binder having the composition shown in Table 1.

A mixture of 48 parts of the above compounded feed and 2 parts of this compounded binder was mixed with 50 parts of crushed frozen sardines (minced material) using a kneading Tachibana, using a granulator manufactured by Sankochikutsu Co., Ltd. (molding plate hole diameter: 91III). It was granulated using. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the performance of the obtained molded moist pellets.

The moist pellets using the blended binder of the present invention were hard and had no stickiness, and the pellet surface was dense and beautiful. Also, when this molded pellet was put into seawater,
There was no turbidity in the seawater, and there was no runoff due to the collapse of the bait.

The pellet immediately after molding is in the form of ice, but when it was left in a room at a high temperature of 33 degrees Celsius for 5 hours and the dissolved water portion was observed, it did not crumble. It was in a state where sufficient feeding work was possible, and the stability over time had been significantly improved.

Example 2 The compounded feed of Example 1 was used, and the compounded binder shown in Table 1 was a cross-linked sodium polyacrylate (Rheosic).
250H (manufactured by Nippon Tsumugi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), a granulation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1.

Table 3 shows the results of evaluating the performance of the obtained molded moist pellets.

Example 3 Table 4 shows various carboxymethylcellulose sodium salts and sodium polyacrylates with different viscosities and DS.
A blended binder was prepared by mixing the composition of

A mixture of 38 parts of the compounded feed of Example 1 and 2 parts of this compounded binder was mixed with 60 parts of frozen minced raw feed in a mixing m 11 m, and granulated to obtain molded moist pellets.

Table 5 shows the results of evaluating the performance of the obtained molded moist pellets.

Example 4 A blended binder having the composition shown in Table 6 was evaluated using a simple functional evaluation method for binders for fish feed.

That is, 2 parts of a binder were mixed with 98 parts of fish meal (sardine fish meal), 130 parts of water was added and kneaded, and each function of this dumpling-like mixture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table-7.

Even in this evaluation method, when the compounded binder of the present invention is used, most of the functions that currently need to be improved in binders for fish feed are improved, and good effects are exhibited, as well as the kneading time is shortened. It was also recognized that it was highly effective in improving work efficiency on site.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Viscosity 2000cps or more and average degree of substitution (D5)
0.4-1.5 carboxymethylcellulose salt99.
5-90% by weight and polyacrylate 0.5-10% by weight
A binder for fish feed containing the following.