JPH0819374A - Pellet-like feed for pisciculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a pellet-like feed for pisciculture containing carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt capable of improving pellet quality such as shape-retaining property in water. CONSTITUTION:This pellet-like feed for pisciculture is produced by kneading and heating a feed raw material, an oil and fat raw material and water in an extruder. In the production, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt which is 2000-6000cps in a viscosity of 1% water solution after heat-treatment at 130 deg.C and satisfying the relationship, eta2/eta$1>=0.5 between a viscosity eta1 of 1% water solution before heat treatment and eta2 of 1% water solution after heat treatment is added to the feed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pelletized fish feed which is produced by kneading and heating feed raw material, fat and oil raw material and water in an extruder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Feed for moist pellets is used in the cultivation of Thailand, yellowtail, flounder, silver jacket and the like. This is prepared by kneading raw bait such as sardines, mackerel, and lizard, and a mixed feed containing fish meal, cereals, oil meal, nutritional supplements, binders, etc., and then pelletizing it with a granulator. Until the use of moist pellets, minced or chopped raw food was fed, but there were problems such as sea pollution, maldistribution of nutrition, labor of feeding and yield due to poor predation rate. . Moist pellets are a feed designed to solve these problems.

[0003] However, since the moist pellet requires a considerable amount of labor for its preparation and at the same time uses a raw bait, a facility such as a freezer for storing the bait is required. In addition, the nutritional quality of the raw feed is not stable because it changes depending on the type and cargo port. Furthermore, there were problems such as low preservation of the finished food. Therefore, an expansion pellet (hereinafter, abbreviated as EP feed) has been receiving attention in recent years. The EP feed is manufactured by kneading and heating the feed raw material, the fat and oil raw material, and water in an extruder. Therefore, compared to moist pellets, it does not require equipment such as a freezer to store raw baits, nutritionally stable quality, high preservation of finished baits, excellent feeding performance with automatic feeding machines, etc. Have advantages. Further, compared with dry pellets, there are advantages that high-protein / high-calorie pellets can be obtained, and that an appropriate sedimentation rate control (sealing degree control) in seawater becomes possible.

[0004] Generally, in EP feeds, the starch raw material (grains, etc.) mixed in the feed raw material is pregelatinized in the extruder, or the preformed premixed alpha starch develops a caking property or a puffing property (film forming property). Is used to impart the above-mentioned performance. However, if only alpha starch is used, the controllability of the degree of swelling, which greatly affects the controllability of the sedimentation of EP feed, is poor, and the desired EP
The feed is not stable, and the pellets tend to collapse when the EP feed is dissolved and adsorbed by dissolving various therapeutic agents, or when the EP feed is soaked in fresh water to soften it for mojaco. There were problems such as (inferior shape retention).

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is attempted to solve the problem by adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC) having a viscosity and an etherification degree in a specific range or an emulsifier having CMC and HLB of 8 or more. Is disclosed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-64552). That is, CMC and HL having a viscosity and an etherification degree satisfying the conditions of the following formulas (1) and (2)
B is a method of containing an emulsifier having 8 or more. logy ≤ xlog 2.38 + log 1090 (1) logy ≥ xlog 0.177 + log 6710 (2) (where y: viscosity of 1% CMC aqueous solution (cps),
x: means the degree of etherification of CMC) However, although the surface property and the surface smoothness were improved by this method, the above-mentioned problems may not be solved by CMC. Further, this method also requires an emulsifier, which increases the cost of raw materials, which is economically disadvantageous.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a pelletized fish feed which is excellent in shape retention in water.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have paid attention to the viscosity of CMC after heat treatment and its viscosity retention rate, and as a result of diligent research, as a result, kneading and heating feed raw material, fat and oil raw material and water in an extruder. In the pelletized fish feed produced in this way, the viscosity of 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment at 130 ℃ is 200
0 to 6000 cps, and the viscosity η ₁ of the 1% aqueous solution before the heat treatment and the viscosity η ₂ of the 1% aqueous solution after the heat treatment are relational expressions η
The inventors have found that this can be achieved by containing CMC satisfying ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5, and have completed the present invention.

The pelletized fish feed of the present invention is composed of feed raw material, fat and oil raw material and water. The feed raw material includes animal feed raw material, plant feed raw material, starch raw material, vitamins, minerals and the like. Animal feed materials include fish meal,
Examples include meat powder, bone meat, blood meal, Antarctic krill meal and squid meal. Examples of the raw material for plant feed include oil meal, soybean meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, defatted rice bran, gluten meal and the like. Examples of the starch raw material include potato starch, tapioca starch, and those obtained by pre-alphaling them. As vitamins, vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B ₂ , vitamin B ₆ , vitamin B ₁₂ , vitamin C, etc. are used. As minerals, calcium, potassium, sodium, etc. are used as required.

The oil and fat raw material is a calorie source, and examples thereof include cod liver oil, pollack liver oil, sardine oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, etc. The amount of addition is arbitrarily determined according to the target fish species, body length, season, etc. However, it is generally sufficient to add 5 to 30% to the feed material. Water is necessary to play the role of a foaming agent when kneading and expanding the pellets, and it is sufficient to add 20 to 50% to the mixed feed.

In the present invention, 1% after heat treatment at 130 ° C.
The viscosity of the aqueous solution is 2000 to 6000 cps, and the viscosity η ₁ of the 1% aqueous solution before the heat treatment and the viscosity η ₂ of the 1% aqueous solution after the heat treatment contain CMC satisfying the relational expression η ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5. The reason is that in CMC in which the viscosity of the 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment at 130 ° C. is less than 2000 cps, the viscosity η ₁ of the 1% aqueous solution before the heat treatment and the viscosity η ₂ of the 1% aqueous solution after the heat treatment are used. Irrespective of the relational expression η ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5,
This is because the obtained pellets are easily disintegrated in water and have poor shape retention. For CMC in which the viscosity of the 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment at 130 ° C exceeds 6000 cps, the relational expression η expressed by the viscosity η ₁ of the 1% aqueous solution before the heat treatment and the viscosity η ₂ of the 1% aqueous solution after the heat treatment. _This is because regardless of ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5, the ejection property of the pellets from the die lip is deteriorated, the surface properties of the pellets are deteriorated, and the pellets are easily pulverized. 130 ° C
Viscosity of 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment at 2000-6000cps
And the viscosity η ₁ of the 1% aqueous solution before the heat treatment and the viscosity η ₂ of the 1% aqueous solution after the heat treatment do not satisfy the relational expression η ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5, the obtained pellets disintegrate in water. This is because it is easy to perform and the shape retention is poor.

The degree of etherification of CMC used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.6 mol / c ₆ or more.
It is desirable to select from the range of 0.6 to 1.5 mol / c ₆ from the viewpoint of economy. Measuring method of viscosity of 1% aqueous solution CMC (anhydrous) 10 g is precisely weighed and put in a beaker of 1000 ml, 990 ml of pure water is added, stirred using a triangle stir bar, dissolved and adjusted to 25 ± 0.2 ° C., Tokyo BM made by Keiki
-Type viscometer, 30 rpm, measure for 3 minutes.

[0012]

The present invention will be described in more detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Isopropyl alcohol 1472 was added to a biaxial kneader having a volume of 5 L.
g and 127.2 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 250 g of water were added. While keeping the temperature at 25 ° C., 200 g of linter pulp is added while purging with nitrogen gas. While maintaining this temperature, the mixture was stirred and mixed for 120 minutes while purging with nitrogen gas to carry out the alcelization reaction. Then, 145.8 g of monochloroacetic acid was added to 9
Add what was dissolved in 200 g of 0% isopropyl alcohol
After stirring for 30 minutes, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. and the etherification reaction was carried out at this temperature for 120 minutes. After completion of the etherification, the mixture was neutralized with acetic acid, purified twice with 10 L of 75% methyl alcohol, dehydrated with a centrifugal dehydrator, and dried in a blow dryer kept at 80 ° C for 3 hours. The obtained CMC is pulverized by a pulverizer and powdered CMC
And After heat treatment of this CMC at 130 ° C. [a blast dryer at 130 ° C. <TABAI MFG, CO ,. 1 hour aqueous solution] had a viscosity of 5600 cps and a viscosity retention rate of 0.84.

2 parts by weight of CMC obtained was added to a feed material consisting of 80 parts by weight of fish meal, 13 parts by weight of α-tapioca starch, 4 parts by weight of soybean meal and 1 part by weight of minerals and mixed well. Add 33 parts by weight of water to this and mix well. Next, this prepared raw material is put into a 40 extruder made by Thermoplastics Co., which is attached with a die having a lip diameter of 5 mm. At this time, the barrel temperature was 135 ° C, the die temperature was 90 ° C, and the screw rotation speed was 30 rpm. Further, soybean oil was pelletized while being supplied from an additive supply hole at the rear of the barrel by a high-pressure metering pump so as to be a ratio of 20 parts by weight to the feed raw material.

Examples 2 and 3 CMC was obtained under the same reaction conditions as in Example 1 except for the conditions shown in Table 1. Using the obtained CMC (Table 2), a feed material was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the same apparatus,
Pelletized by the method.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 CMC was obtained under exactly the same reaction conditions as in Example 1 except for the conditions shown in Table 1. Using the obtained CMC (Table 2), a feed material was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the same apparatus,
Pelletized by the method.

Comparative Example 3 Isopropyl alcohol 1287 was added to a biaxial kneader having a volume of 5 L.
and 138 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 197 g of water were added. Linter pulp 200 while keeping the temperature at 25 ℃
Add g. While maintaining this temperature, the mixture was stirred and mixed for 120 minutes to carry out the alcelization reaction. Next, a solution prepared by dissolving 134.2 g of monochloroacetic acid in 200 g of 90% isopropyl alcohol was added, stirred for 30 minutes, heated to 70 ° C., and subjected to an etherification reaction at this temperature for 120 minutes. After completion of the etherification, the mixture was neutralized with acetic acid, purified twice with 10 L of 75% methyl alcohol, dehydrated with a centrifugal dehydrator, and dried in a blow dryer kept at 80 ° C for 3 hours. The obtained CMC was pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain powdery CMC. After heat-treating this CMC at 130 ° C [130 ° C blast dryer <TABAI MFG, C
O ,. 1 hour aqueous solution] had a viscosity of 1000 cps and a viscosity retention rate of 0.83. C obtained
Using MC (Table 2), a feed material was prepared by the same procedure as in Example 1, and pelletized by the same device and method.

Comparative Examples 4 and 5 CMC was obtained under the same reaction conditions as in Example 1 except for the conditions shown in Table 1. Using the obtained CMC (Table 2), a feed material was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 1, and the same apparatus,
Pelletized by the method.

Table 2 shows the quality of the pellets obtained from the above Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. As shown in Table 2, the pellets using the CMC of the present invention did not lose their shape even when immersed in water and showed good shape retention. On the other hand, the pellets obtained by using the CMCs shown in Comparative Examples lost their shape when immersed in water and had poor shape retention. Further, although the surface properties of the pellets obtained by using the CMC of the present invention were beautiful, the surface of the pellets obtained by using the CMC shown in the comparative example was rough and easily pulverized, so that the product value was high. Fell. From the results of Table 2, it was demonstrated that the use of the CMC of the present invention can significantly improve the quality of pelletized fish feed.

[0020]

[Table 1]

[0021]

[Table 2]

Note 1) Shape retention in water: Pellets are placed in a conical beaker containing 300 ml of pure water and left for 20 minutes. Then, the conical beaker is placed on a shaker (shaking number: 100 times / min) for 3 minutes. Observe the shape of the pellet after shaking. Evaluation ◎: Very good ○: Good △: Slightly bad
×: Poor Note 2) Surface property: The surface of the pellet was visually evaluated. Evaluation ◎: Very good ○: Good △: Slightly bad
×: bad

[0023]

As described in detail above, by using the specific CMC as shown in Table 2, it was found that the shape retention and surface properties of pelletized fish feed in water can be greatly improved. Then, the present invention has been completed.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pelletized fish feed produced by kneading and heating feed raw material, oil and fat raw material and water in an extruder, and the viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment at 130 ° C. is 2000 to 6000 cps. A pelletized fish feed, characterized in that sodium carboxymethylcellulose which has a viscosity η ₁ of a 1% aqueous solution before heat treatment and a viscosity η ₂ of a 1% aqueous solution after heat treatment satisfies the following relational expression: η ₂ / η ₁ ≧ 0.5