JP2000253837A - Production of plant seed molded article for feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safe and inexpensive plant seed molded article having a shape excellent in digestibility and grazeable property from plant seeds used for a feed of cattle, swine or poultry without requiring a troublesome producing process. SOLUTION: This method for producing a plant seed molded article is composed of a pulverizing process compressingly crushing plant seeds for feed having 5-25 wt.% of water content at a mushed state to obtain a crushed material of plant seeds having different crushed degree, heating a sugar component contained in a fragment of a crushed material to a state of the fragments not to be welded together at a temp. of 70-150 deg.C, and just after the heating, compression molding to obtain a molded article comprising fragments having different crushed degree without adding any adhesive material, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a molded plant seed used as feed for cattle, pigs and poultry, and more particularly to a molded plant seed having a form excellent in ingestibility and digestibility. It relates to a manufacturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Plant seeds conventionally used for livestock feed have been an important source of energy, proteins, oils and fats. For example, corn is one of the plant seeds which is generally blended in feeds of cattle, pigs and poultry as a source of energy and has a large blending amount. In addition, cottonseed is a plant seed that is covered with lint, has a relatively high fiber content, is rich in fat, and is added to feed in dairy to improve the milk fat ratio. Further, soybeans, barley, paddy rice, and the like are plant seeds to be added to feeds as a supplement of various nutrients or as an alternative raw material for corn. These plant seeds are poorly digested because they are covered with shells or skin-like structures to protect the contents of embryos or endosperm from their mission, and when given directly to livestock, they are not digested sufficiently, There was a problem that the feed effect could not be obtained in proportion to the amount of feed. In addition, imported plant seeds for feed may be contaminated with exotic weed seeds, and they may not die even in livestock and breed in pastures or surrounding areas, which may affect the ecosystem. Have been.

[0003] At present, as a means for improving digestibility, a method of pulverizing with a roller mill or the like and supplying as pulverized material or a method of supplying as pulverized pressed pieces has been used. However, the method of feeding plant seeds as a crushed product is susceptible to enzymatic action and improves the digestibility, but has a problem that the eating efficiency is apt to decrease due to uneaten food due to the fineness. In addition, grinding with a roller mill has a small grinding effect on small weed seeds, and because there is not enough heat treatment,
No effect can be expected as a measure against invasion of exotic weed seeds.

[0004] The method of feeding as steaming pressure strips involves not only physical action but also denaturation such as gelatinization of starch by heating, so that remarkable improvement in digestibility is observed and there is no problem of exogenous weed seeds. It is widely used as a corn processing method. However, since steam is used, it can be produced only in a limited place such as a feed factory.In addition, since a drying process is required and the production cost is high, plant seeds or pests that are supplementarily added other than corn can be used. It is a technique that is difficult to use for cereals (plant seeds) with low utility value that are lost in commercial value due to such reasons and are used for feed.

On the other hand, in recent years, a method of forming a crushed product into pellets has been devised as a processing method which compensates for the disadvantages of the crushed product and has a high feed effect. This pelletized feed has not only improved digestibility due to the grinding process,
It is also highly evaluated for its preference over powder. However, this pelletizing method requires an adhesive material, such as starch, rice bran or konjac flour, to form a ground product of a plant seed, and in some cases, water is added. In addition, a drying step after molding is required, resulting in a very complicated production and a high production cost. In addition, since the nutrients of the plant seeds are diluted by the adhesive material, in the case of a large amount of plant seeds such as corn, the amount of the adhesive material to be fed increases, resulting in a problem in the design of the feed formulation. .

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention does not require a complicated production process for plant seeds used as feed for cattle, pigs and poultry, and is a safe and highly digestible and feedable form. It is to provide an inexpensive plant seed molded product.

[0007]

The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, obtained by compressing and pulverizing forage plant seeds into a crushed state, have different seed pulverization degrees. The material is appropriately heated to soften the carbohydrate component contained in the pulverized product, and then immediately compression-molded to obtain a plant seed molded product for feed having a form excellent in digestibility and ingestibility. And found that the present invention was completed.

[0008] That is, the present invention provides a pulverized plant seed having a different degree of pulverization in a pulverizing step of compressing and pulverizing a forage plant seed having a water content of 5 to 25% in a crushed state in the molding and processing of the forage plant seed. In order to soften the carbohydrate component contained in the crushed pieces of the pulverized material,
The crushed pieces are heated at a temperature of 150 ° C. so that the pieces of the crushed pieces are not melted, and compression molded immediately after the heating, thereby forming a formed article composed of pieces having different degrees of crushing without adding an adhesive material or the like. This is a method for producing a molded plant seed for feed.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As a plant seed for feed provided in the present invention, for example, corn, barley, cottonseed, soybean,
Paddy rice and the like may be mentioned, and they may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, the water content of the plant seed is preferably such that water does not drip at the time of compression and pulverization, and is preferably in the range of about 5 to 25%. At this time, when the water content is around 0%, the pulverized material does not become a molded product, and when it exceeds 25%, it is too soft to be a molded product.

[0010] By compressing and pulverizing these plant seeds into a crushed state, fragments having a much more complicated shape than those obtained by crushing into a simple crushed state can be obtained.
Because it is well compatible with water, it is susceptible to the effects of digestive enzymes and internal microorganisms, and furthermore, crushed pieces are easily connected to each other by compression. In addition, at a temperature of 70 to 150 ° C., the saccharide component contained in the ground seed is moderately softened and compression-molded to further strengthen the bond between the crushed pieces without adding an adhesive material. In addition, since starch is subjected to heat treatment, an effect of improving digestibility can be expected. At this time, if the temperature is 70 ° C. or lower, the saccharide component does not soften and does not form a molded product. If the temperature exceeds 150 ° C., the saccharide component is melted and the particles are integrated into a solid. The temperature at this time is
It can be heated externally by a heater, etc.
It is economical to utilize the frictional heat obtained when compressing and crushing plant seeds. Furthermore, the compression-grinding and heating in a crushed state have an effect of killing foreign weed seeds mixed therein. The pressure during compression molding is slightly different depending on the type of seed and the water content, but is preferably 50 to 300 kg / cm ^{2 in} view of disintegration.

Another feature of the present invention resides in that the molded product is easily disintegrated by heating to such an extent that the crushed pieces of plant seeds do not melt or bind, and returns to a pulverized product state with good digestibility. As a means for assisting the disintegration, a molded product made of crushed pieces of various pulverization degrees is used. That is, the molded article produced in this manner is easily disintegrated starting from the crushed plant seeds or seed hulls that are crushed therein.

[0012]

Embodiment 1 Next, in carrying out the present invention, the step of compressing and pulverizing into a crushed state, the step of heating and the step of compression molding can be carried out by different apparatuses, respectively.
As a device capable of performing these steps with one device, there is a compression and fine pulverizing device disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2567324 owned by the present applicant. The apparatus is an apparatus for rice hulls, but can be sufficiently used in the production of a plant seed molded product for feed according to the present invention.

[0013] As a production mechanism, plant seeds introduced through an introduction port provided in the vicinity of the maximum diameter portion are forcibly moved in the direction of the small diameter side gradually decreasing from the large diameter side. This movement acts as an action that tends to increase the compressive force on the plant seed itself, and proceeds toward the outlet with a synergistic action of crushing action, crushing action, and stirring action. A crushed plant seed having a shape is produced. Also, at this time, by providing a molding screw in the discharge port on the small diameter side, by controlling the moving speed of the plant seeds input, the pressing force on the plant seeds themselves increases,
Friction produces 70-150 ° C of heat. Due to the relationship between the frictional heat and the moving speed, the saccharide component contained in the pulverized material is appropriately softened, and further, by compression molding which proceeds almost simultaneously with the compression and pulverization, finally, rolls along the pitch of the molding screw. Thus, a plant seed molded product extruded into a shape is obtained. Furthermore, in this series of steps, the degree of pulverization is insufficient because the part near the inner surface of the housing outside the part near the rotor valley advances toward the discharge port with a high degree of pulverization, and at the same time the molding is started. A crushed piece of a fresh plant seed or seed hull is contained in the molded article. The crushed pieces of plant seeds or seed hulls with insufficient degree of crushing contained therein are used as a starting point to cause a moderate collapse of the plant seed molded product. Will soon disintegrate and will function as crushed material in the body.

An embodiment using a compression and fine pulverizing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2567324 will be described. In this embodiment, in order to change the degree of heating depending on the residence time of the processed material, a forming screw (A) having a pitch of 20 mm, an outer diameter of 46 mm, and an inner diameter of 23 mm, or a pitch of 25 mm and an outer diameter of 46 m
m, a molding screw (B) having an inner diameter of 23 mm is attached,
10 kg of corn having a water content of 11% was processed at a rotation speed of the processing unit rotor of 92 rpm.

Forming screw with narrow pitch (A)
In the case where is mounted, the amount of product discharged from the processing section discharge port was suppressed, the residence time in the processing section was lengthened, and the degree of heating by frictional heat was increased. For this reason, the carbohydrate component in the pulverized corn was melted and discharged in the form of a rice cake, and a desired shaped seed molded product was not obtained. This indicates that the heating time needs to be considered.

Forming screw (B) having a large pitch interval
When the corn seed is installed, the residence time in the processing section is shortened, the saccharide component in the corn pulverized material is appropriately heated, the crushed pieces are softened without melting, and the corn seed having disintegration properties by compression molding immediately thereafter. 9.6 kg of a molded product were obtained.

Table 1 shows the friction heat temperature near the outlet of the processing section when the corn is processed with the molding screws (A) and (B) attached. In addition, molding screw (B)
Table 2 shows the particle size distribution (% by weight) of the corn seed molded product when the corn seed was treated. The pressure during compression molding is estimated to be 100 kg / cm ² to 150 kg / cm ² .

[0018]

[Table 1]

[0019]

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, the obtained corn seed molded product contains 26.1% of debris having a particle size of 2.5 mm or more and a low degree of pulverization, and starting from the 2.5 mm particles. It had the property of easily disintegrating.

Further, 20 g of the obtained corn seed molded product and 2 g of α-amylase were added to 200 ml of a 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 5), and an enzymatic reaction was carried out at 30 ° C. with stirring. In addition, whole grains of corn and split corn were treated in the same manner as comparative objects. After reacting for 3 hours, the soluble portion was removed by centrifugation, the solid portion was dried, and the weight loss after decomposition was measured. This weight loss was expressed as starch digestibility. Table 3 shows the results.

[0022]

[Table 3]

As shown in Table 3, the corn seed molded product obtained according to the present invention had a higher starch digestion than the untreated and cracked corn. It is presumed that the reason why starch digestibility is increasing is that starch is easily subjected to enzymatic treatment due to heat treatment as well as pulverization by pulverization.

[0024]

Example 2 As a model for confirming the effect of killing exogenous weed seeds, seeds of Nobie, a paddy field weed, were used as a model.

(Test 1) 5 m of germinating nobie seeds
10k round corn with a moisture content of 11%
g was applied to the above-mentioned compression / milling apparatus to obtain about 9.6 kg of a corn molded product. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 82 ° C.

(Test 2) Nombie seeds 5 m capable of germination
About 10 kg of whole-grain barley having a water content of 12% to which l was added was subjected to the above-mentioned compression and pulverizing apparatus to obtain a barley molded product of about 9.5 kg. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 83 ° C.

(Test 3) 5 m of Nobie seeds capable of germination
Then, about 10 kg of a whole grain cotton having a moisture content of 21% to which 1 was added was subjected to the above-mentioned compression and pulverization apparatus to obtain a cotton seed molded article of about 9.3 kg. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 80 ° C.

(Test 4) Nomie seeds 5 m capable of germination
About 10 kg of a round soybean having a water content of 13% to which l was added was subjected to the above-mentioned compression and pulverization apparatus to obtain a soybean molded article of about 9.5 kg. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 83 ° C.

(Test 5) Nomie seeds 5 m capable of germination
About 10 kg of paddy rice having a water content of 12% to which 1 was added was subjected to the above-mentioned compression and pulverization apparatus to obtain about 9.4 kg of paddy rice molding. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 84 ° C.

(Test 6) About 8 kg of corn having a water content of 12% and about 2 kg of whole grain cotton having a water content of 21% were mixed.
To this, 5 ml of germinating nobie seeds were added, and the mixture was subjected to the above-mentioned compression and pulverization apparatus to obtain a mixed molded product of about 9.5 kg of corn and cottonseed. The temperature of the molded product immediately after discharging at this time was 83 ° C.

The molded plant seeds obtained in Tests 1 to 6 above were placed on a tray that was lightly watered, and the disintegration time due to water absorption was measured. Further, the crushed plant seeds obtained by disintegration were spread on the surface of paddy field soil, and the presence or absence of germination of Nobie was examined. In addition, 2 kg of each plant seed molded product was given to the rearing cow together with 6 kg of oats dried, and the palatability, leftovers, etc. were investigated. Table 4 shows the results.

[0032]

[Table 4]

From these results, it is possible to prevent invasion of exogenous weed seeds, and to provide a low-cost, inexpensive, plant seed molded product having a form excellent in digestibility and ingestibility without complicated steps. Can be provided.

[0034]

According to the above-mentioned method, since the molded product is composed of crushed pieces having different degrees of crushing, it can be easily disintegrated starting from coarse crushed powder, and a feed with particularly excellent digestibility can be obtained. At the same time, weed seeds can be completely rendered harmless, and their effects on ecosystems can be prevented.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A carbohydrate component contained in a crushed piece of a plant seed having a different degree of pulverization in a pulverization step of compressing and pulverizing a plant seed for feed having a water content of 5 to 25% in a crushed state. The crushed material is heated at a temperature of 70 to 150 ° C. by a heating step of softening the crushed material so that the crushed pieces of the crushed material are not melted, and compression-molded immediately after heating, so that the degree of crushing is different without adding an adhesive material or the like A method for producing a plant seed molded product for feed, comprising forming a molded product composed of crushed pieces. 2. The method for producing a plant seed molded article for feed according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating step is obtained from frictional heat generated when the plant seed is compressed and pulverized in a crushed state.