JPH0759516A - Production of feed containing feather - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject feed having high digestibility of protein and high value of feed by mixing feather with an edible solid material having caking property, extruding and granulating the mixture and crushing the granule. CONSTITUTION:Feather of broiler, etc., is mixed with an edible solid material (e.g. corn powder) having caking property and the mixture is extruded and granulated and, as necessary, dried and then crushed. An amount of the caking solid material added to the feather is 5-70wt.%, preferably about 20-50wt.%. Crushing is preferably carried out after water content of the extruded and granulated material is reduced to <=15wt.%.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed containing feathers and a feed produced by the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Poultry such as chickens, ducks, mallards, turkeys and quails have been bred in recent years mainly in the poultry industry. It has become very large. From this point of view, various effective use of feathers has been made, and one of them is to use feathers as protein feed.

[0003] Feathers cannot be fed as they are because of their size, peculiar shape and specific gravity, but they must be crushed, but they are extremely light, easily scattered, and soft and slippery, so crushing is extremely difficult. Moreover, since the feathers are mainly composed of keratin, which belongs to hard proteins, they are not easily digested even if they are fed as they are, and they do not work effectively as a protein source, resulting in poor feed efficiency. Therefore, conventionally, while supplying steam in a pressure cooker such as a cooker, the feathers are hydrolyzed under high temperature and high pressure to decompose the S—S bond in keratin to improve its digestibility and enhance the protein value. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-32978, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51)
-18341, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-4859, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-80576, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-75239, etc.), and the feather feed thus produced is generally called feather meal. There is.

However, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional method, there are drawbacks that the equipment is apt to be large in scale for the heat and pressure treatment and for removing the malodor generated during the treatment, and the hydrolysis treatment requires a long time. . In addition, the physical properties of the obtained feather meal are easily influenced by the processing conditions such as pressure, temperature and processing time during the hydrolysis process. That is, when the hydrolysis is insufficient, the digestibility of the protein becomes low, and on the contrary, when the hydrolysis is excessive, the digestibility of the protein is improved, but the amino acid is decomposed to lower the nutritional value. It is difficult to control the feed value of feather meal as a protein source.

As another method other than the above, without using a pressure pot, feathers whose moisture content is adjusted to 5 to 15% are fed to an extruder and continuously kneaded, heated and pressurized. A method has been proposed in which feather meal is produced by rapidly extruding and expanding in the air (JP-A-59-42047). In the case of this method, since the equipment is not large in scale due to the continuous operation by the extruder, it is possible to produce the feather meal in a short time, and the odor is less likely to occur. However, according to this method, since feathers that are extremely difficult to collect and are poor in handleability are supplied to the extruder only by adjusting the water content to 5 to 15%, the feathers can be supplied to the extruder. It is difficult to perform smoothly, and even after being fed to the extruder, pressure is not evenly and sufficiently applied to the feathers in the cylinder due to slippage between the feathers, etc. As a result, kneading cannot be performed easily and for kneading It has the disadvantage of requiring high pressure.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to convert feathers into a protein feed while using a simple apparatus without using a large-scale apparatus, in a short treatment time, while preventing the generation of malodor. It is to provide an effective method. Furthermore,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of efficiently producing a feed derived from feathers having a high protein digestibility and excellent digestibility, and having stable quality under a simple process and mild treatment conditions. is there. And, the object of the present invention is, as compared with the above-mentioned conventional feather meal, having a high protein digestibility and comprising feathers of high feed value which can effectively achieve weight gain and weight maintenance when fed to animals. feed,
And to provide a compounded feed containing the same.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, when the edible solid material having a caking property is mixed with the feathers, the cohesion of the feathers is improved. It can be supplied to the extruder very smoothly, and after it is supplied to the extruder, the kneading and heating / pressurizing process proceed smoothly even under a relatively low kneading / extruding pressure, and the product is extruded from the extruder. When you crush the granules,
The present invention has been completed by finding that a feed having excellent digestibility of protein and high feed efficiency can be obtained. Furthermore, the present inventors
When a liquid material was used as a caking material instead of a solid material, an attempt was made to feed the feathers.In that case, the feathers were mixed with the caking liquid material, and the mixture was dried and then ground as it was. The present invention has been completed based on the finding that a feed containing feathers having excellent protein digestibility and high feed efficiency can be produced by simply performing an extremely simple operation.

Therefore, according to the present invention, (1) feathers are characterized in that an edible solid material having a caking property is added to and mixed with the feathers, and the mixture is extruded and granulated, dried if necessary, and then pulverized. Is a method for producing a feed containing. Further, the present invention is (2) a method for producing a feed containing feathers, characterized in that an edible liquid material having a caking property is added to and mixed with the feathers, and the mixture is dried and pulverized. The present invention includes a feather-containing feed produced by the method of (1) or (2) above (hereinafter referred to as "feather-containing feed").

In the present invention, the type of feathers used is not particularly limited, and any of them may be used, and representative examples thereof include feathers of poultry such as chickens, ducks, mallards, quails and turkeys, and among them, chickens. Especially, broiler feathers are preferable because they are easily available. At that time, the feather production method (acquisition method) is not particularly limited, and may be obtained by any conventionally known method. For example, in the case of broilers, while the carcass immediately after slaughter is warm. Alternatively, a method in which the carcass is soaked in warm water of about 60 to 65 ° C. and heated to remove feathers from the carcass is usually adopted.

Further, the feathers to be used may or may not have been subjected to a preliminary treatment such as a washing treatment in advance, and may be previously cut into an appropriate size or may be cut. Alternatively, it may be the size as it is removed from the carcass. Also, the water content of the feathers is not particularly limited,
Generally, it is preferable to use one having a water content of about 6 to 12% by weight from the viewpoint of affinity with an edible solid material having a caking property or a liquid material, extrudability and the like.

Therefore, the method (1) of the present invention will be described first. In this method (1), an edible solid material having caking properties on the feathers (hereinafter referred to as "caking solid material") is added and mixed. In that case, the caking solid material has caking properties. Any solid material which has and can be eaten by an animal can be used, and it is preferable to use a solid material mainly composed of proteins and / or carbohydrates. In particular, it is important to select a caking solid material from the feed materials that are usually used in compounded feeds and to use it as a caking solid material in terms of feed efficiency, palatability, economy, etc. Desirable from the viewpoint, examples of such a caking solid material include corn flour, wheat flour, rice flour, soybean flour and other cereals, starches, okara, sake lees, juice lees, and the like.

The amount of the caking solid material added to the feathers can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of caking solid material, water content, specific gravity, caking strength, and water content of the feathers. However, it is necessary to add the caking solid material in an amount such that the mixture of the feather and the caking solid material can be extruded and granulated, and generally 5 to 70% by weight based on the weight of the feather, preferably It is preferable to set it to about 20 to 50% by weight.

[0013] Further, although oils and fats are fed to animals as a calorie source (energy source), since oils and fats have a low affinity with other feed ingredients and are inferior in palatability as they are. It is often difficult to get a large pay. On the other hand, the feather used in the present invention has a high affinity with fats and oils,
Since it is possible to take in a large amount of fats and oils, in the production of the feather-containing feed of the present invention, if the fats and oils are added to the feathers together with the caking solid material described above and mixed for extrusion granulation, the fats and oils content is increased. It is possible to obtain a feather-containing feed having a high quality, and it becomes easy to supply a large amount of oils and fats to animals. As the oils and fats at that time, for example, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, vegetable oils such as salad oil, lard, animal fats such as beef tallow, hydrogenated products thereof and the like can be usually used. It may be added in a proportion of about 50 to 200% by weight, based on the weight of the feathers.

Next, the above-mentioned feather mixture containing a caking solid material and optionally fats and oils is fed to an extruder to be extruded and granulated. If the mixture is dry and difficult to supply to the extruder, or if extrusion granulation is not easy, add a liquid such as water to adjust the cohesion and softness of the mixture and perform extrusion molding. It is desirable to granulate.

For extrusion granulation, any of the extrusion equipment normally used for the production of feed may be used,
For example, a 1-axis or multi-axis extruder, an expander, etc. can be mentioned. The extruding operation is preferably performed under pressure and heating, and the pressure and temperature at that time can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and the addition amount of the caking solid material,
Generally, pressure is ^{2 to} 40 kg / cm ² , temperature is 70 to 130 ° C.
Is preferably extruded. After a mixture containing feathers and caking solid material is kneaded, heated and pressurized in an extruder, it is extruded in a strand form from a die or nozzle attached to the extruding part of the extruding device, and then cut to an appropriate size. By doing so, a granular material is obtained. At that time, the extrusion port provided in the die or nozzle may be formed, for example, in a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a donut shape,
It can be formed in an appropriate shape such as a square or a polygon, and the diameter of the extrusion port can be appropriately selected. Generally, the diameter of the extrusion port is 5 to 25 mm, and the strand extruded from it is about 5 to 120 mm. It is recommended that the granules be manufactured by cutting into the length of.

The extruded granules obtained above are dried, if necessary, and then pulverized. When the extruded granules have a water content of 20% by weight or less, they may be directly ground without being dried, or may be dried to further reduce the water content and then ground. Also, the moisture content of the extruded granules is 2
When it exceeds 0% by weight, it is preferable to dry it so as to have a water content of 20% by weight or less and then to pulverize so that the pulverization can be performed smoothly. In particular, it is more preferable to pulverize the extruded granules with a water content of 15% by weight or less. The drying method is not particularly limited, and an appropriate method such as hot air drying or sun drying can be adopted.

For crushing, any of commonly used crushing devices can be used, and examples thereof include a hammer mill. The crushing needs to be performed until the animal can easily feed, and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of animal to be fed, age (day), body weight and the like. Further, when the pulverized feather-containing feed is used as a raw material for a mixed feed by mixing it with other feed ingredients, it is desirable to pulverize it to a size such that the other feed ingredients are uniformly mixed. .

Next, the method (2) of the present invention will be described. In the case of the method of (2), a liquid material that is caking and edible to the feathers (hereinafter "caking liquid material")
Is first added and mixed. As the caking liquid material in that case, any liquid material which has a caking property and which can be eaten by animals can be used.
Alternatively, those mainly consisting of carbohydrates are preferable. In particular, from the viewpoint of feed efficiency, palatability, etc., it is desirable to select and use a caking liquid material from feed materials that are usually used in compounded feeds. Examples include liquid sugar and corn stapler.

The amount of the caking liquid material added to the feathers can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of the caking liquid material, the water content, the specific gravity, the caking strength, the water content of the feathers, and the like. However, it is generally 2 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the feathers. The method for adding the caking liquid material to the feathers is not particularly limited, but a method capable of uniformly adding the caking liquid material to the entire feather is preferable,
For example, a method such as spraying is desirable.

Also in the case of this method (2), as in the case of the above-mentioned method (1), fats and oils may be added if necessary, and the kind and addition of fats and oils in that case The method may be the same as described in the method (1) above.

Next, the mixture obtained above is dried. The drying method is not particularly limited, and a suitable method such as hot air drying or sun drying can be adopted, and it is usually preferable to dry until the water content of the mixture becomes 20% by weight, particularly 15% by weight or less. .

Next, the dried product obtained above is pulverized.
The crushing may be carried out by any of the commonly used crushing devices, for example, using a hammer mill or the like. This crushing is also the same as in the case of the above method (1),
Depending on the type of animal to be fed, age (day), body weight, etc., it is necessary to carry out until the animal becomes a size that can be easily fed. Further, when the pulverized feather-containing feed is used as a raw material for a mixed feed by mixing it with other feed ingredients, it is desirable to pulverize it to a size such that the other feed ingredients are uniformly mixed. .

By the method (1) or (2) described above, a feather-containing feed having excellent digestibility of protein and high feed efficiency can be obtained. This feed may be fed to the animal alone as it is, or may be mixed with other feed ingredients to be mixed feed and fed. When using mixed feed, the content of feather-containing feed should be 0.5-based on the total weight of the mixed feed.
It is preferably 30% by weight. The types of other feed ingredients in the mixed feed and the mixing ratios thereof can be appropriately selected in the same manner as in the known mixed feed, depending on the type of animals feeding them. The feather-containing feed of the present invention and the mixed feed containing the same can be fed to various animals as a protein source and the kind of animals to be fed is not particularly limited, but for example, chickens, quails, ducks, mallards, poultry such as turkeys, cattle, It can be paid to domestic animals such as pigs, sheep and horses, and pets such as dogs and cats.

[0024]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the following examples, pepsin digestibility of proteins and NPR (Net Protei
nRatio) (feeding efficiency of protein including not only the amount of protein ingested that contributed to weight gain but also weight maintenance) is the value determined as follows.

[0025] Pepsin digestibility of protein : "Feed analysis standard commentary 2nd edition" edited by Japan Feed Association, pp. 325-327 (19)
It was measured according to the method described in 83). That is, after degreasing 1 g of the sample (feather-containing feed), 20
Place in a 0 ml Erlenmeyer flask, add 150 ml of 0.2% pepsin hydrochloric acid solution preheated to 42 to 45 ° C, seal tightly, digest at 45 ° C for 16 hours with shaking, and filter with filter paper. Wash the above indigestible substance with warm water, put the indigestible substance together with the filter paper in the decomposition flask, decompose, distill, and titrate the crude protein amount according to the method for quantifying the crude protein to obtain the crude protein amount of the indigestible substance. The pepsin digestibility (%) of the protein is calculated from the mathematical formula.

[0026]

## EQU1 ## Pepsin digestibility (%) = {(A−B) / A} × 100 where A: crude protein mass (%) in sample B: indigestible crude protein (%) in sample

NPR (Net Protein Ratio) : Determined according to the method described in “Nutrition Experiments Using Small Animals” pp. 143-145 (published by Daiichi Shuppan Co., Ltd.) (June 30, 1980) . That is, 20 1-week-old broiler chicks (average weight: 135 g / bird) were prepared, and 10 broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups. The group 1 chicks were fed with a feed mixture containing the components shown in Example 5 (Table 1) below including a feather-containing feed for 14 days, and the average body weight (Wi) (g) was calculated. In addition, the chicks of the second group were fed a compounded feed consisting of the same components except that they did not contain the feather-containing feed for 14 days, and their average weight (Wd) (g) was calculated.
Was calculated.

[0028]

[Equation 2] NPR = (Wi-Wd) / C In the formula, Wi = average weight of test diet group (g) Wd = average weight of protein-free diet group (g) C = average per feather-containing feed Intake (g)

Here, NPR is also called a net protein ratio, and is one of the methods for evaluating the nutritional value of protein. As is clear from the above calculation method, the NPR value is calculated from the average body weight of the test feed group (group fed the feed containing the target protein) to the protein-free feed group (the feed containing no target protein). It is a value obtained by reducing the average body weight of the fed group) and dividing the value by the ingested protein (amount of feather-containing feed). This value indicates the rate at which the protein in the feed (feed containing feathers) is utilized for weight gain and weight maintenance of animals, and the larger this value is, the higher the value of the feed as a protein source.

Example 1 80 parts by weight of feathers having a length of about 4 to 15 cm obtained from a broiler and 20 parts by weight of okara (water content of about 80%) were put into a ribbon mixer and mixed, and then an extruder (Japan Made by Steel Works “TEX4
7F ”; cylinder inner diameter 47 mm), temperature 1
After extruding from a die having a diameter of 10 mm at 20 ° C. and an extrusion pressure of 20 kg / cm ² , the granules were manufactured by cutting into a length of about 20 mm. Use a hot air dryer to heat this to about 10
It was dried at 0 ° C. to obtain a granulated product having a water content of about 15%. This is a hammer mill equipped with a screen with an opening of 2 mm (Mutual Sangyo's "hammer crusher": model No.
0; 0.75 kw specification; rotating disk diameter 152 mm) was used to pulverize to a particle size of about 8 mm or less to obtain a feather-containing feed.

Test Example 1 When the pepsin digestibility of the protein of the feed obtained in Example 1 above was measured, the value was 89%. For comparison, 80 parts by weight of a 20-mesh sieve passing fraction of a commercially available feather meal (manufactured by Japan Farm Co.) obtained by hydrolyzing feathers under high temperature and high pressure was dried with okara (water content almost 0%). When the pepsin digestibility of the protein obtained by mixing 4 parts by weight was measured in the same manner, the value was 77%. from this result,
In the case of the method of the present invention [method (1) of the present invention],
It can be seen that a feather-containing feed having a high pepsin digestibility of the protein and excellent digestibility can be obtained despite the extremely simple production process.

<Example 2> 90 parts by weight of the same feathers as those used in Example 1 were mixed with 10 parts by weight of liquid sugar [moisture content of about 50%; manufactured by Nippon Food Processing Co., Ltd .; glucose fructose liquid sugar]. After adding by spraying, the temperature is about 40 using a warm air dryer.
It was dried at 0 ° C. until the water content was about 15%. The obtained dry mixture was pulverized in the same manner as in Example 1 until the particle size became about 10 mm or less, to produce a feather-containing feed in which about 80% of the feathers were small pieces having a particle size of 8 mm or less.

Test Example 2 The pepsin digestibility of the protein of the feed obtained in the above Example 2 was measured, and the value was 78%. For comparison, 90 parts by weight of a 20-mesh sieve-passing fraction of the same commercially available feather meal used in Test Example 1 and 5 parts by weight of a dry pulverized product of the liquid sugar used in Example 2 (water content almost 0%) When the pepsin digestibility of the protein was similarly measured for the mixture of parts, the value was 67%. From these results, in the case of the method of the present invention [method (2) of the present invention], the pepsin digestibility of the protein is high and the digestibility is excellent as compared with the conventional feather meal, despite the extremely simple production process. It can be seen that a feather-containing feed is obtained.

Example 3 80 parts by weight of feathers, 20 parts by weight of corn flour and 25 parts by weight of water similar to those used in Example 1 were mixed and then expanded by an expander [manufactured by Nisshin Seifun Co., Ltd .; inner diameter 150 mm, 10 kW specification], temperature 110 ° C, pressure 8 kg / cm ² and diameter 10 mm
After being extruded from the die, a granulated product was produced by cutting into a length of about 20 mm. Use a hot air dryer to heat this to about 7
It was dried at 0 ° C. to obtain a granulated product having a water content of about 12%. Using a hammer mill, the particle size is about 12 m in the same manner as in Example 1.
Grind until it becomes less than m, and about 80% of feathers have a particle size of 10
Feather-containing feeds, which are strips of mm or less, were produced.

Example 4 5 parts by weight of the same liquid sugar as used in Example 2 was added by spraying to 95 parts by weight of feathers similar to those used in Example 1, and then a warm air dryer was used. Then, it was dried at a temperature of about 40 ° C. until the water content became about 15%. The obtained dry mixture was pulverized in the same manner as in Example 1 until the particle size became about 10 mm or less, to produce a feather-containing feed in which about 80% of the feathers were small pieces having a particle size of 8 mm or less.

Example 5 Using the feather-containing feed produced in Example 1, a mixed feed having the composition shown in Table 1 below was produced.

[0036]

[Table 1] Mixed feed composition (parts by weight) Corn 50 Calcium carbonate 1 Dicalcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5 Sodium chloride 0.25 Dextrin 9.75 Cellulose 3 Soybean oil 3 Vitamin-mineral mixture 0.5 Glucose 20 Feather-containing feed 11 produced in Example 1 110.0.

The one-week-old broiler chicks were fed with the compounded feed of Table 1 for 7 days, and the NPR (Net Protein Rati
When o) was examined by the above method, the value was 1.
It was 6. For comparison, in the compounded feed of the above Table 1, instead of 11 parts by weight of the feather-containing feed prepared in Example 1, 10.5 parts by weight of the commercially available feather meal 20 mesh sieve fraction used in Test Example 1 were used. Of 1 week old broiler chicks for 7 days with a compounded feed having the same composition except that 0.5 part by weight of dried okara and 0.5 part by weight of okara were used,
When the R (Net Protein Ratio) was examined by the above method, the value was 0.5. From this result, the feather-containing feed produced by the method of the present invention has a higher value as a protein source in which the protein contained therein is effectively used for weight gain and weight maintenance of animals, as compared with the conventional feather meal. , For that purpose NPR of compound feed containing it
Is significantly higher than that of the conventional mixed feed containing feather meal.

[0039]

According to the method of the present invention, a feather-containing feed can be smoothly produced in a short treatment time with a simple apparatus and process without using a large-scale apparatus. Further, according to the method of the present invention, since the generation of a bad odor is extremely small, there is no fear of environmental pollution, and a feather-containing feed can be easily obtained without providing deodorizing equipment.
Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, the process control is extremely easy, and a feather-containing feed having a constant quality can be stably produced. The feather-containing feed obtained by the present invention has a very high pepsin digestibility of the protein and has excellent digestibility, and therefore, when fed to an animal as it is or mixed with other feed components, its weight gain and The weight can be maintained smoothly and a high NPR value can be achieved. Further, the feather-containing feed obtained by the present invention,
Since it contains an edible caking material that serves as an animal feed ingredient together with the feathers, it is highly palatable to animals and can be easily mixed with other feed ingredients.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a feed containing feathers, which comprises adding and mixing an edible solid material having a caking property to feathers, extruding and granulating, drying if necessary, and then pulverizing. . 2. A method for producing a feed containing feathers, which comprises adding and mixing an edible liquid material having a caking property to feathers, drying and pulverizing. 3. A feed containing feathers produced by the method according to claim 1.