KR100633284B1 - Feed manufacturing methods and complete diets for improving palatability and flow ability - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of manufacturing assorted feed improved in feed palatability in livestock and flowability in a feeding device by mixing corn, wheat, rice bran, liquid material such as fat, molasses, pelletizing with heat and pressure and then crumbling is provided. The assorted feed improves feed efficiency and enhances weight gain by increasing the digestibility when fed to livestock. Raw material is subjected to pressure treatment at 65 to 85deg.C to obtain a pellet with a size of 2 to 5Î23 to 75mm(diameter Î thickness) which is cooled and dried with air and then shaped into a crumble with a screen size of 1.2 to 4.5mm. The raw material contains 20 to 85 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 50 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 to 25 parts by weight of rice bran, 1 to 15 parts by weight of liquid material such as fat and molasses and less than 10 parts by weight of other grain materials and supplementary feed.

Description

Feed Manufacturing Methods and Complete Diets for Improving Palatability and Flow Ability

Figure 1A is a general powdered feed manufacturing process, Figure 1B is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing process of the blended feed according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a compound feed with improved palatability and flow chart, and a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, the general feed material processing technology such as pelleting, crumble, grinding, etc. is applied to the main feed material, corn, wheat The present invention relates to a feed for livestock used as a raw material for feed, by mixing oil, molasses, and the like, which are rice bran and liquid raw materials, and forming a pellet by applying heat and pressure.

A common method of producing livestock feed is to grind various grains for livestock life and to mix the nutrients necessary to produce livestock such as meat, eggs and milk. In order to improve the quality of feed, the fraps (1932, Tex. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull., Pp. 454) reported that grinding, that is, grain size control, improved the nutrient digestibility when grain size decreased. Since then, its importance has begun to emerge.

In particular, the effect on the nutrient digestibility by controlling the particle size of swine feed was improved by reducing the particle size of the feed using corn, sorghum and barley as the basic feed (Lawrence TLJ, Anim. Prod., 1970, 12: 139), improving the nutrient digestibility and net energy of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen in growing and finishing pigs (Owsley WF et al., J. Anim. Sci., 1981, 52: 557-566; Giesemann , MA et al., J. Anim. Sci., 1990, 68 (Sup. 1): 104 (Abstr.)) And growth effects (Wondra, KJ) by improving nutrient digestibility as the particle size decreases in the growing and finishing stages. et al., J. Anim. Sci., 1995a, 73: 2564-2573).

Thus, it is absolutely necessary to increase the utilization of nutrients in pig production, and with the development of processing techniques (crushing, pelleting, steam frying, roasting, extrusion and expanding), the nutrient availability of feed ingredients is greatly increased. It has been improved.

The pulverization that can be performed primarily before blending the feed is the most widely used processing method, and is a method of reducing the particle size of the feed material by using a hammer mill or a roller mill. This increases the surface area of cereals when feeding, which increases the interaction of digestive enzymes in the intestine of the animal, and consequently enhances digestibility of nutrients and prevents separation in feed formulations. As a processing method, many researchers (Roth FX et al., Zentrallbl. Vet. Med., 1985, A (32): 692-698; Potkins ZV and Lawrence TLJ, Res. Vet. Sci., 1989, 47: 68- 74; Elbers AR, et al., Vet. Rec., 1995, 137: 290-293), the importance and study of the appropriate particle size is being studied.

Pellet feed is a pellet machine that uses a pellet machine to make a pellet of a certain size at a constant temperature (70 ~ 90 ℃) and pressure (2 ~ 3 kg / cm3), and crumble is a pellet. Is passed through a crumbler machine and crushed into pieces of uniform size. In the processing of feed, starch particles in the feed are hydrolyzed to increase the digestibility of carbohydrates, protease is easily acted to increase the digestibility, and crude fiber also improves the digestibility.

Animals are reported to prefer pellet feed over flour feed (Vanschoubroeck, F. et al., Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 1971, 41: 1-9). Feed efficiency is 8.5% by feeding pellet feed. Increase protein digestibility by 3.7%. Treatment with expanders and extruders has the effect of widening the choice of feedstock and improving the quality of the pellets.

In addition, in pig production, the maximum cost of nutrient utilization will continue to be of great interest, as feed costs constitute the largest economic share, and feed processing technologies will continue to provide a uniform improvement in livestock growth and nutrient digestibility. It will be developed.

In addition, in the general powdered feed, the addition of liquid raw materials is added to the feed mix to 8 to 10% or more, which reaches the feed of livestock along the feed line and the drop in the feed storage beam used in farms, Feed feeding causes agglomeration of feed. Therefore, an effort to improve the flow of feed by increasing the fluidity of the feed is required.

On the other hand, the domestic hog industry has been steadily developing with the growth of the national economy and the consumption of livestock products. In addition, in March 2000, the swine industry's woes were succinctly addressed by concerns about a sharp drop in production prices due to the suspension of exports of pigs and increased head count after the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in large households in March 2000. It reached the level of 40 to 450,000 tons. However, the domestic feed industry cannot ignore the structural weakness caused by the imbalance between supply and demand due to the absolute shortage of domestic resources, which is a raw material for production.In recent years, with the anticipation of the absolute shortage of feed resources, that is, grains, which can compete with human food, I think it is time to find solutions for domestic and foreign grain supply and demand instability. In particular, considering the structure of the hog industry is a capital-intensive industry, the linkage between investment capital and technology is inevitable. Therefore, efforts to improve productivity through improvement of processing technology of feed materials are necessary.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made by the above-described demands, and an object of the present invention is to provide a feed for livestock feed with improved palatability and flow chart.

Another object of the present invention is to apply a general blended feed processing technology such as pelleting, crumble, crushing to the main feed material, after mixing cereals, grain by-products and liquid raw materials and applying heat and pressure to form a pellet, It is to provide a method for producing a blended feed by blow processing.

The present invention provides a feed compound for livestock with improved palatability and flow chart.

The composition of the blended feed is 20 to 85 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 50 parts by weight of wheat, 5 to 25 parts by weight of rice bran, 1 to 15 parts by weight of liquid raw materials, mixed grains and less than 10 parts by weight of feed supplements After processing the raw material, and then using the processed composition as a raw material, it is characterized by mixing other grains, grain by-products, additives, antibiotics and supplements.

In addition, in the method of manufacturing a compound feed,

a) transferring the mixture consisting of corn, wheat, rice bran and liquid raw materials to a pellet processing tank;

b) pressing the mixture in a processing bath at 60-85 ° C. to form pellets in a size of 2-5 × 23-75 mm (diameter × thickness);

c) cooling and drying the shaped pellets with air;

d) preparing the dried pellet of step c) in the form of a crumble (roller gap 1.2 to 4.5 mm); And

e) it provides a method for producing a compound feed for livestock improved palatability and flow chart characterized in that it comprises the step of transferring the crumble of step d) to the feed storage.

In the present invention, "CPT-C (corn pelleting technology-crumble)", corn, wheat, rice bran and liquid raw materials according to the present invention, the molasses, molasses, etc. are mixed, and after forming a pellet by applying heat and pressure of CPT processing, Refers to a blended feed material prepared by processing into crumble with appropriate size.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The compounded feed composition of the present invention is blended by mixing 20 to 85 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 50 parts by weight of wheat, 5 to 25 parts by weight of rice bran, 1 to 15 parts by weight of liquid raw materials, other grain materials and less than 10 parts by weight of supplementary feed. After processing the feed material, and then using the processed composition as a raw material, it is characterized by mixing other grains, grain by-products, additives, antibiotics and supplements.

The mixture is transferred to a pellet conditioning chamber and heat treated at conditioner temperature 60-85 ° C. to facilitate pellet shaping. The pellet is formed through a thin hole having a die size of 2 to 5 × 23 to 75 mm (diameter × thickness), and pellets protruding through the hole are cut to a suitable length by a blade attached to the die. do. After the pellets are transported to the cooler and the moisture is removed and hardened, the pellets are manufactured and transported in crumbler form and stored as feed material.

Grain feed contains a lot of starch, a soluble complex carbohydrate, and the change of starch by heat treatment refers to gelatinization phenomenon in which spherical starch particles are hydrated by heat and moisture, or volume or solubility increases. Gelatinization plays an important role in improving the digestibility and feed efficiency by improving the water absorption of starch. Gelatinization also increases the reaction rate of enzymes that break down starch chains to break down glucose into glucose and to break down starch into shorter, more soluble sugars. About 43% of the gelatinization is suitable for pellet molding, and if the gelatinization increases due to a high temperature above a certain temperature, clogging may occur in the die hole, which may lower productivity.

The present invention has the advantage of preventing nutrient destruction and maximizing utilization by bypassing additives (vitamins) that are weak to heat or additives that undergo heat denaturation.

In one test example of the present invention, in order to determine the flow chart of the livestock feed prepared from the feed material, it was confirmed that the flow chart was improved by investigating the fluidity in the feeder as compared to other types of feed.

In another test example of the present invention, in order to investigate the palatability of the feed for livestock animals prepared from the feed material, the feed consumption in pigs by treating each of the three products of the feed (dominant feed) and the feed of the other company respectively Investigate. As a result, the dominant feed consumed 6.5 kg more than the other company's 1 product within the same period, and showed higher palatability than the other companies' 2 and 3 products, indicating that palatability was improved.

In addition, in order to determine the growth effect of the feed for livestock feed prepared from the feed material, the daily weight gain and feed efficiency in lactating pigs and growing pigs were investigated. As a result, it was confirmed that growth was improved by increasing daily gain and feed efficiency in both lactating and growing pigs.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art and the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. will be.

Example 1 Preparation of Formulated Feed

As a blended feed material, 20 to 85 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 50 parts by weight of wheat, 5 to 25 parts by weight of rice bran, 1 to 15 parts by weight of liquid raw materials, and other grains and less than 10 parts by weight of supplementary feed are mixed.

The mixture is transferred to a pellet conditioning chamber and heat treated at conditioner temperature 60-85 ° C. to facilitate pellet shaping. The pellet is formed through a thin hole having a die size of 2 to 5 × 23 to 75 mm (diameter × thickness), and pellets protruding through the hole are cut to a suitable length by a blade attached to the die. do. The pellets exiting the die are immediately transferred to a cooler, which hardens as the moisture evaporates. The pellet is manufactured and transported in a crumble form in a crumbler (roller clearance 1.2 to 4.5 mm) and stored as feed material. Thereafter, the blended feed is prepared by mixing other grain materials with additives, antibiotics and supplemental feed.

Test Example 1. Investigation of flow chart of feed

The degree of fluidity at the feed of the general feed and livestock feed (dominant feed) according to the present invention was investigated. The flow of dominant feed increased about 45%, indicating that the flow of feed improved.

General Powder Feed Dominant feed Liquidity degree 39 57 Degree of luxury (%) 26 43

Test Example 2 Palatability

In this test example, palatability was investigated by comparing feed consumption of livestock feed (dominant feed) and other competitor products according to the present invention.

Test Place: Woosung Feed Research Farm (Hongseong)

Test period: 2005.06.24 ~ 2005.06.29

Number of heads: 30 pigs of 65-70 days of age weight 25-30 kg

Treatment: 1) Swine feed (dominant feed) vs company A (3rd party 1) (10 heads)

        2) Swine feed (dominant feed) vs company B (third party 2) (10 heads)

        3) Swine feed (dominant feed) vs company B (third party 3) (10 heads)

Test Methods:

1) Place 10 pigs (6: female, 4 female) 65 ~ 70 days old (25 ~ 30kg) per pig room.

2) Install two feeders per pig room (do not use automatic feeders).

3) Feeds are fed with the same feed since the first 3 days of feed were given at the start.

4) Feeds for the last two days are exchanged with the first feed in the same pig room.

5) Feed consumption for each feeder is measured daily.

The results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 below.

In the first day of the test, the dominant feed showed similar intake as that of the other companies, but the dominant feed consumed 0.9 ~ 3.4 kg of feed from the second to the fourth day. In addition, the total feed intake ate 6.5 kg more feed in the same period.

In Table 2, the dominant feed intake was higher than the other 2 products in the feed intake from the first day of the test to the end of the test.

Table 3 also showed a higher feed intake than the other 3 products as shown in Table 2 above.

In view of the above results, it is determined that the dominant feed according to the present invention is excellent in palatability.

TABLE 1

A company exhaustion amount (kg) Woosung Feed Burnout (kg) 3rd party 1: dominant comparison Day 1 7.2 7.3 1: 1.0 Day 2 8.8 11.0 1: 1.3 3rd day 9.0 9.9 1: 1.1 Day 4 * 7.2 10.6 1: 1.5 Day 5 * 11.3 11.2 1: 1.0 Feed intake for 5 days 43.5 50.0 1: 1.2

TABLE 2

Company B exhaustion amount (kg) Woosung Feed Burnout (kg) Other company 2: dominant comparison Day 1 2.5 9.8 1: 3.9 Day 2 1.5 14.4 1: 9.6 3rd day 1.5 15.8 1: 10.5 Day 4 * 1.2 15.2 1: 12.7 Day 5 * 2.2 16.3 1: 7.4 Feed intake for 5 days 8.9 71.5 1: 8.0

TABLE 3

Company C exhaustion amount (kg) Woosung Feed Burnout (kg) Third Party 3: Dominant Comparison Day 1 6.5 6.5 1: 1.0 Day 2 4.5 14.5 1: 3.2 3rd day 1.5 19.0 1: 12.7 Day 4 * 3.5 15.5 1: 4.4 Day 5 * 1.0 16.5 1: 16.5 Feed intake for 5 days 17.0 72.0 1: 4.2

* Change the feed position of both feeds

Test Example 3 Growth Investigation

After the normal feed and dominant feed were fed to lactating and growing pigs for 21 days, body weights were measured at the start and end of the test.

Test Place: Woosung Feed Research Farm (Hongseong)

Test period: 2005.04.08 ~ 2005.04.29 (21 days)

Number of disclosures: 1) Weight average 30.3 kg Starting pig 40

         2) Starting weight 40 heads of 52.2kg weight raising pigs

          (20 regular feeds: 20 dominant feeds)

Table 1 shows the daily gain and feed efficiency in lactating pigs, and Table 2 shows the daily gain and feed efficiency in growing pigs.

Both results showed high daily gain and feed efficiency after dominant feed and improved growth (productivity).

TABLE 1

General Powder Feed Woosung Feed Average weight at start (g) 30.3 30.2 Average weight at end (g) 47.80 48.20 Daily weight increase (g) 833 855 Daily feed intake (g) 1787 1720 Feed efficiency 0.466 0.497 Feed requirement 2.145 2.012

TABLE 2

General Powder Feed Woosung Feed Average weight at start (g) 52.2 52.2 Average weight at end (g) 66.7 68.1 Daily weight increase (g) 692 758 Daily feed intake (g) 2195 2076 Feed efficiency 0.315 0.365 Feed requirement 3.172 2.742

As described above, by applying the blended feed processing technology to the main feedstock, the palatability of the feed and the fluidity of the feed is increased to improve the flow chart in the feeder, and the feed efficiency is improved and the digestibility is increased to increase the weight gain. Productivity). By using the blended feed of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the feed cost by increasing the availability of the raw material, it can be usefully used to increase the productivity of the livestock farm.

Claims (3)

In the method of manufacturing a compound feed, a) transferring the mixture consisting of corn, wheat, rice bran and liquid raw materials to a pellet processing tank; b) pressing the mixture at 60-85 ° C. in a processing bath to form pellets in a size of 2-5 × 23-75 mm (diameter × thickness); c) cooling and drying the shaped pellets with air; d) preparing the dried pellet of step c) into crumbled form having a screen size of 1.2 to 4.5 mm; And e) a method for producing a compound feed for livestock improved in the palatability and flow chart of the feed characterized in that it comprises the step of transferring the crumble of step d) to the feed storage. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the mixture is mixed with 20 to 85 parts by weight of corn, 5 to 50 parts by weight of wheat, 5 to 25 parts by weight of rice bran, 1 to 15 parts by weight of liquid raw materials, and less than 10 parts by weight of other grain materials and supplements. Animal feed formulations with improved palatability and flow chart, characterized in that the feed composition is processed by mixing the feed ingredients, and then using the processed composition as a raw material and mixing other grains, grain by-products, additives, antibiotics and supplements. Method of making feed. Animal feed prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2.

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