JPH1042795A - Feed formulation for ruminant digestible and absorbable in abomasum and thereafter and feed for ruminant comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a feed formulation for a ruminant good in bypass efficiency and further digestibility and absorbability in the abomasum and thereafter and a feed for the ruminant comprising the formulation. SOLUTION: This feed formulation for a ruminant comprises a protein, digestible and absorbable in the abomasum and thereafter and has a dense structure without passing water therethrough and a size for enabling the passage through the omasum of the ruminant and, as necessary, further a suppressed low content of a hardly digestible protein. The formulation is preferably produced by using a protein containing prolamine as a raw material or a protein containing the prolamine kneaded with other grain proteins as the raw material. When the protein containing the prolamine is used, the formulation can be produced in the presence of a solvent for eluting the prolamine.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed formulation for ruminants that can be digested and absorbed from the abomasum and beyond, and a feed for ruminants containing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Ruminants such as cows and sheep have four stomachs, the rumen of which is neutral, and microorganisms can decompose and degrade the feed composition containing feed additives and pastures. And resynthesized as microbial proteins. The rumen serves as a pump and the rumen serves as a filter. The abomasum is acidic and the intestine is similar to a normal mammal.

[0003] Various studies have revealed that milk production capacity of dairy cows has been accelerated due to advances in breeding improvement and the like, and that microbial proteins synthesized in the rumen alone are not enough to support high secretory milk. Has become. Therefore, in order to supply protein to dairy cows efficiently,
Various methods have been proposed for modifying and formulating proteins and amino acids so that they can be directly absorbed without being consumed in the rumen by microorganisms.

Attempts have been made to increase the rate of passing through the rumen (bypass rate) artificially, and the methods are roughly classified into chemical methods and physical methods. A typical chemical method is a method for preventing the attack of ruminal microorganisms by formalin treatment of proteins in feed materials as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,213. The method has safety issues. Therefore, methods for protecting proteins by physical methods have been attempted. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,230 discloses that after soybeans are crushed from 40 mesh to 80 mesh, the effectiveness of methionine and lysine is retained and the bypass ratio is 55%.
A method of performing a heat treatment so as to be ~ 65% is described. The reason for heating the raw material here is to denature the protein in the raw material so that the raw material does not dissolve in water and to prevent the decomposition of microorganisms in the rumen.

[0005]

However, the above-mentioned method produces a foodstuff suitable for ruminant animals to a certain extent, but if the heating time is too long or the heating temperature is too high, the ruminal rum is produced. However, there is a problem that a protein (indigestible protein) which is not decomposed by digestive enzymes after the abomasum and is hardly digested or absorbed can be produced. Further, the above-mentioned U.S. Patent does not specify the particle size of the protein, but if the particle size is 3 mm or more, there is a problem that the protein cannot pass through the stomach.

[0006] Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a feed for ruminants that has a good bypass efficiency and a good digestibility and absorbability after the abomasum.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a digestible / absorbable protein in the abomasum and beyond, which has a dense structure that is impermeable to water and a size that allows it to pass through the rumen of the ruminant. And a ruminant feed containing the same. The ruminant feed preparation of the present invention or the ruminant feed containing the same is characterized by the microbial degradation of the rumen in the rumen of the ruminant, based on the dense structure of the proteins contained therein which is impermeable to water. , Assimilation is suppressed. Also, based on its size, it easily passes through the filter of the stomach. It is also characterized in that it is a protein with good digestibility and absorbability in and after the fourth stomach after passing through the third stomach.

[0008] The protein of the present invention has a structure and a size that are not assimilated by microorganisms in the rumen.
After passing through the stomach, it is a protein with good digestibility and absorbability in the abomasum and beyond. Proteins derived from cereals such as soybeans, rapeseed, wheat, and corn, as well as milk, eggs, etc. And a protein produced using a protein raw material in which animal proteins or amino acids derived from animal meat are simultaneously mixed.

[0009] In order to make the above protein raw material into a dense structure, raw material processing is performed. In the present invention, the dense structure refers to a water-resistant structure in which the water solubility of the protein is low, the protein tissue has no voids, the density is high, and water does not enter. Water-soluble proteins such as soybeans are denatured by heating, that is, the three-dimensional structure of protein molecules is changed, and the water solubility is reduced.

As a means for obtaining a dense structure, there are a method of melting the raw material by heating, and a method of eluting a solvent-soluble component in the raw material using a solvent. As the heating means, for example, a biaxial extruder is used. The raw material is melted with a twin-screw extruder. If the heating time is too long or the heating temperature is too high, an indigestible protein is formed.
Therefore, when using a twin-screw extruder, the melting condition may be heating at 100 ° C. or higher. However, in order to reduce the production of indigestible proteins that are difficult to digest and absorb,
Melt below ℃. At the time of melting, water is added in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the raw material. Cool after melting. For example, the sample is extruded while being cooled by a cooling die so as not to expand.

That is, the present invention relates to a digestible / absorbable protein from the abomasum and beyond, which has a dense structure that is impermeable to water and a size that can pass through the rumen of the ruminant. A ruminant feed formulation characterized in that its content is kept low, and a ruminant feed containing the same. In order to reduce the production of indigestible proteins that are difficult to digest and absorb, the heating temperature and the heating time of the proteins are suppressed, so that the digestion and absorption are more likely to occur in the abomasum and beyond. The ruminant feed formulation contains approximately 35-50% by weight of the total protein of proteins that can be substantially digested and absorbed by ruminants.

[0012] In order to make the raw material a dense structure, when the raw material is soybean protein, the temperature is preferably 105 to 140 ° C, and the melting is performed in a short time as possible. When wheat protein is used, the treatment can be performed at a lower temperature (100 to 130 ° C.). In the case of a raw protein containing no prolamin, a protein containing prolamin is used for 100 parts by weight of the raw material,
Particularly, 1 to 50 parts by weight of corn protein, preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight.
By adding 0 to 40 parts by weight, a more dense structure can be formed as compared with a single raw material. In addition, prolamin is contained in wheat, corn, etc., and 70%
It can be defined as a protein soluble in ethanol. In consideration of the amino acid balance, an animal-derived protein or an amino acid (such as methionine or lysine) can be added to the grain protein before the raw material is made into a dense structure, and the raw material can be melted by the above method.

[0013] A preferred embodiment of the protein of the present invention is a protein produced from a protein obtained by kneading a protein containing prolamin together with other grain proteins as a raw material. That is, the present invention relates to a digestive / absorbable protein from the abomasum and beyond, which is produced from a protein containing prolamin and kneaded together with other cereal proteins, and has a dense structure that is impermeable to water. A ruminant feed formulation, characterized in that it is large enough to pass through the animal's rumen and preferably has a low content of indigestible proteins, and a ruminant feed containing it. is there.

As described above, a solvent-soluble component in the raw material can be eluted using a solvent to form a dense structure.
For example, when a protein containing prolamin is used as a raw material, or when a raw material obtained by kneading a protein containing prolamin and another grain protein is used as a raw material, the raw materials are mixed and extruded in the presence of a solvent that elutes prolamin. By molding with a molding machine such as a granulator, a twin-screw extruder, or a tableting machine, the raw material can be densified without heating.

As the solvent, a solvent that can be used for feed and elutes prolamin is used. For example, hydrous ethanol and hydrous isopropanol are used. The eluted prolamin fills voids and firms the tissue, increasing water resistance. Before mixing the raw materials, amino acids such as methionine and lysine and / or pharmaceuticals are added to the prolamin-containing protein, and the mixture is kneaded and molded to prepare a feed preparation or feed having a more precise amino acid balance and a dense structure.

As described above, the raw material is processed into a dense structure, and the particle size of the raw material is adjusted to about 0.5 to 3 mm.
Adjust the size of the pylorus to 1 mm or less for sheep and 3 mm or less for cows. For example, in the case of cows, if the particle size is 3 mm or more,
On the other hand, fine powder of less than 0.5 mm is liable to be assimilated by microorganisms in the rumen.

By adjusting the melting and particle size of the raw materials under the above conditions, the feed formulation for ruminants of the present invention can be obtained.
Although the formulation of the present invention may be given to a ruminant as it is,
For example, in the case of defatted soybean or gluten meal, the protein content is high, and thus may be added to commercially available feed.
That is, this preparation can be used by adding it to feed for ruminants.

[0018]

The preparations and feeds of the present invention thus obtained have low protein utilization in the rumen of ruminants since the proteins contained therein are difficult to pass through water. In addition, the size of the protein easily passes through the filter of the stomach, and the heating temperature and heating time of the protein are suppressed, so that the protein is easily digested and absorbed in the stomach and thereafter.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments. The present invention is not limited by these examples.

Evaluation method Index of binding property 49 g of distilled water was added to 1 g of the sample, and 80 to 100 rpm
Measure the absorbance at 660 nm in the solution after shaking at 40 ° C for 20 minutes. Index on water absorption rate 9 ml of distilled water was added to 1 g of the sample, left at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then weighed after draining on a mesh for 5 minutes.
Calculate the weight increase rate. Index of bypass ratio Number of ruminal immersion bags per cow (sample size is about 10
g, 10 x 15 cm and 57-59 micron square mesh) were taken as 5 bags per sample at a time. After 14 hours, one bag was taken out of each bag, and each bag was washed with tap water until the washing liquid became colorless and transparent. After that, freeze vacuum dry for 48 hours,
The dry matter and protein disappearance rates before and after immersion were determined.

Indices of digestion and absorption The sample collected in the evaluation was suspended in 0.1 M potassium chloride-hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0), and a pepsin solution was added thereto.
The reaction was carried out at 2 ° C for 2 hours. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 7 with a 0.2 M phosphate buffer, and a bovine pancreatic enzyme solution was added.
It was made to react at 4 degreeC for 4 hours. The digested solution was filtered, the residue was collected and measured, and the digestion and absorption rate (%) of the protein after passing through the rumen was determined based on the following. The protein content (%) that can be substantially digested and absorbed by ruminants is defined as follows.

Index of lysine elution rate 100 ml of a buffer solution having a pH of 6 corresponding to the pH in the rumen was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, 1 g of a sample was added, and the mixture was stirred at 250 rpm on a rotary shaker. The lysine elution rate was measured.

Example 1 30% of water was added to defatted soybeans and mixed at 130 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while being cooled by a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-shaped sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less, 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 m)
m) The above fractions were collected and used as samples.

Example 2 30% water was added to wheat gluten and mixed at 120 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder. Then, extrude the sample while cooling it with a cooling die that has been treated with Teflon,
A string-shaped sample was obtained. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve, and a fraction of 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 mm) or more was collected and used as a sample.

Example 3 A defatted soybean and a gluten meal were mixed at a weight ratio of 2: 1.
Water was added to the mixture at 30% and mixed at 130 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while being cooled by a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-shaped sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less, 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 m)
m) The above fractions were collected and used as samples.

Example 4 Wheat gluten and gluten meal were mixed at a weight ratio of 2: 1, 30% of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was mixed at 110 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while being cooled by a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-shaped sample. Cut this with a rotary cutter,
A bale-shaped sample was obtained. This is passed through a sieve and mesh 9 (mesh 2.00 mm) or less 32 mesh (mesh 0.
5 mm) or more fractions were collected and used as samples.

Example 5 30% of water was added to defatted soybeans and mixed at 130 ° C. in a pressure kneader. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled with stirring to obtain a crushed solid sample. This was passed through a sieve, and a fraction of 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 mm) or more was collected and used as a sample.

Example 6 Degreased soybeans and zein were mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 1, and 60% by volume of ethanol was added to the mixture at 50%.
And the mixture was extruded with a granulator to obtain a string-shaped sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (2.0 mesh)
0 mm) or less and 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 mm) or more fractions were collected and used as samples.

Comparative Example 1 Water was added to defatted soybeans at 30% and mixed at 80 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while being cooled by a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-shaped sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less, 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 m)
m) The above fractions were collected and used as samples.

Comparative Example 2 Water was added to defatted soybeans at 30% and mixed at 160 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while being cooled by a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-shaped sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (mesh 2.00 mm) or less, 32 mesh (mesh 0.5 m)
m) The above fractions were collected and used as samples.

Comparative Example 3 Water was added to defatted soybeans at 30% and mixed at 130 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder to obtain a swollen sample.
This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bale-shaped sample. This is passed through a sieve and 9 mesh (opening 2.00 m)
m) The fraction of 32 mesh or less (mesh size 0.5 mm) or more was collected and used as a sample. Table 1 summarizes each test example.

[0032]

[Table 1]

By this treatment, the raw material is not expanded after being melted, whereby the binding property and water absorption can be suppressed, the bypass ratio can be improved, and a protein having good degradability by digestive enzymes can be prepared. Was. (Examples 1, 2, 5) By further adding a corn protein (containing prolamin protein), a protein having a higher bypass ratio and good degradability with digestive enzymes could be prepared. (Example 3,
4) By adding zein, adding alcohol, and kneading, the processing temperature of the raw material was lowered, and a dense, high-bypass rate protein with good digestibility of digestive enzymes could be prepared. (Example 6) On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3 in which the raw material was melted and expanded, although the binding property was good, the bypass ratio was low because the water absorption was high. In Comparative Example 1 in which the treatment temperature was lower than the appropriate temperature (a relatively low temperature in a sufficiently melting temperature range), the binding property, the water absorption rate, and the bypass rate were poor. In Comparative Example 2, in which the treatment temperature was higher than the appropriate temperature, the binding property, the water absorption rate, and the bypass rate were good, but the decomposition by digestive enzymes was low.

Example 7 5 parts by weight of lysine, 90 parts by weight of gluten meal and 50 parts by weight of 60% by volume ethanol were added, kneaded at room temperature, the mixture was extruded, granulated, sieved and dried.

Example 8 5 parts by weight of lysine, 70 parts by weight of gluten meal, 20 parts by weight of zein, and 45 parts by weight of ethanol at 60% by volume were kneaded at room temperature, the additive was extruded, granulated, and sieved. And dried.

Comparative Example 4 5 parts by weight of lysine, 70 parts by weight of gluten meal, 20 parts by weight of zein and 45 parts by weight of water were added and kneaded at room temperature.
The mixture was extruded, granulated, sieved, and dried. The lysine elution rate was tested and summarized in Table 2.

[0037]

[Table 2]

By using gluten meal using ethanol containing water, the added lysine is maintained in a dense structure, and elution is suppressed. (Example 7) Further, elution of lysine can be further suppressed by adding and mixing zein. (Example 8) When aqueous ethanol is not used, lysine elution cannot be suppressed. (Comparative Example 4)

Although lysine is the limiting amino acid in corn protein, the above method can provide a protein feed with an improved amino acid balance.

[0040]

As described above, it is possible to provide a ruminant feed preparation having good bypass efficiency and good digestibility and absorbability in the abomasum and beyond, and a ruminant feed containing the same.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A feed formulation for ruminant animals, which is a digestible / absorbable protein from the fourth stomach onward, which has a dense structure impermeable to water and has a size capable of passing through the rumen of the ruminant. 2. The feed formulation for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the content of the indigestible protein is kept low. 3. The feed formulation for ruminants according to claim 1, which is produced using a protein containing prolamin as a raw material. 4. The feed formulation for ruminants according to claim 3, which is produced by kneading a protein containing prolamin with other cereal proteins. 5. The feed formulation for ruminants according to claim 3, which is produced in the presence of a solvent that elutes prolamin. 6. A feed for ruminants, comprising the feed preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 5.