JP3877083B2 - Feed preparation for ruminant and subsequent digestive and absorbable ruminants and ruminant feed containing the same - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、第４胃以降消化・吸収性反芻動物用飼料製剤並びにそれを含有する反芻動物用の飼料に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
牛や羊などの反芻動物は４つの胃を持っており、第１胃（ルーメン）は中性で、微生物によって飼料用添加物を含む飼料組成物や牧草などが分解、資化され微生物蛋白質として再合成される。第２胃はポンプ、第３胃はフィルターの役割を果たしている。第４胃は酸性で腸も通常の哺乳類と同等である。
【０００３】
ところで、乳牛において育種改良などの進歩により乳生産能力が加速度的に早まり、高分泌乳をささえるためにはルーメン内で合成される微生物蛋白質だけでは足りないことが種々の研究で明らかになっている。
そこで乳牛に効率的に蛋白質を供給するためには、微生物によって第１胃で消費されず、直接吸収できるように蛋白質やアミノ酸を改質、製剤化する方法が種々提案されている。
【０００４】
現在人為的に第１胃を通過する割合（バイパス率）を高める試みがなされており、その方法は化学的方法と物理的方法に大別される。化学的方法の代表的なものは、米国特許第４１８６２１３号明細書に記載されているように、飼料原料内の蛋白質をホルマリン処理によって第１胃内微生物のアタックを阻止する方法であるが、この方法は安全性に問題がある。
そこで、物理的方法によって蛋白質を保護しようとする方法が試みられている。例えば、米国特許第５２２５２３０号明細書には、大豆を４０メッシュから８０メッシュに粉砕後、メチオニンとリジンの有効性を残し、かつバイパス率５５〜６５％になるよう加熱処理する方法が記載されている。ここで原料を加熱するのは、原料中の蛋白質を変性し、水に溶けないようにし、ルーメン内微生物の分解を防止するためである。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記方法は反芻動物の飼料としてはある程度は適したものを製造しているが、加熱時間が長過ぎたり、加熱温度が高すぎたりすると、第１胃での分解を防止できるものの、第４胃以降の消化酵素で分解されず、消化・吸収されにくい蛋白質（難消化性蛋白質）ができるという問題点がある。また、上記米国特許では、蛋白の粒径を規定していないが、粒径が３ｍｍ以上となった場合、第３胃を通過できないという問題も生ずる。
【０００６】
このような状況下において、本発明は、バイパス効率が良くかつ第４胃以降で消化吸収性の良い反芻動物用の飼料を提供することを目的としたものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、第４胃以降消化・吸収性蛋白質であって、水を通さない緻密な構造と反芻動物の第３胃を通過できる大きさを有することを特徴とする反芻動物用飼料製剤、並びにそれを含有する反芻動物用飼料である。
本発明の反芻動物用飼料製剤またはそれを含有する反芻動物用飼料は、その中に含まれている蛋白質の水を通さない緻密な構造に基づき、反芻動物の第１胃内で、微生物による分解、資化が抑えられる。また、その大きさに基づき、第３胃のフィルターを通過し易い。そして、第３胃通過後、第４胃以降での消化・吸収性がよい蛋白質である点も特徴としている。
【０００８】
本発明の蛋白質は、第１胃内での微生物による資化を受けない構造と大きさを有しているが、第３胃を通過後第４胃以降では消化・吸収性がよい蛋白質であり、大豆、菜種、小麦、トウモロコシなどの穀物由来の蛋白質、並びに穀物蛋白質のアミノ酸バランスを良くするため、穀物蛋白質に牛乳、卵、畜肉由来の動物性の蛋白質またはアミノ酸を同時に混ぜ込んだ蛋白質原料を用いて製造された蛋白質である。
【０００９】
上記蛋白質原料を緻密な構造にするため原料処理を行う。本発明において、緻密な構造とは、蛋白質の水溶性が低く、蛋白組織において空隙が無く、密度が高くなっており、水が入り込まない耐水性の構造をいう。大豆等の水溶性の蛋白質は、加熱によって変性すなわち蛋白分子の立体構造が変化し、水溶性が低下する。
【００１０】
緻密な構造にするための手段としては、加熱し原料を溶融する方法と、溶媒を用いて原料中の溶媒可溶成分を溶出させる方法がある。加熱手段として、例えば２軸エクストルーダーが用いられる。原料を２軸エクストルーダーで溶融する。加熱時間が長過ぎたり、加熱温度が高すぎたりすると、難消化性蛋白質ができる。そのため、２軸エクストルーダーを用いる時の溶融条件は、１００℃以上で加熱すればよいが、消化・吸収されにくい難消化性蛋白質の生成を少なくするため、１５０℃以下で溶融させる。溶融させる際に原料１００重量部に対して５〜５０重量部、望ましくは２０〜４０重量部の加水を行う。溶融後冷却を行う。例えば、冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら膨化しないように押出す。
【００１１】
すなわち、本発明は、第４胃以降消化・吸収性蛋白質であって、水を通さない緻密な構造と反芻動物の第３胃を通過できる大きさを有し、難消化性蛋白の含有量が低く抑えられていることを特徴とする反芻動物用飼料製剤、並びにそれを含有する反芻動物用飼料である。消化・吸収されにくい難消化性蛋白質の生成を少なくするため、蛋白質の加熱温度や加熱時間が抑えられているので、第４胃以降でいっそう消化・吸収されやすい状態となっている。本反芻動物用飼料製剤は、実質的に反芻動物が消化吸収できる蛋白質を蛋白質全量のおおよそ３５〜５０重量％含んでいる。
【００１２】
原料を緻密な構造にするため、原料が大豆蛋白質の場合、１０５〜１４０℃が望ましく、できるだけ短時間で溶融させる。また、小麦蛋白を用いる場合は、さらに低い温度（１００〜１３０℃）で処理することができる。プロラミンを含まない原料蛋白の場合、この原料１００重量部に対して、プロラミンを含む蛋白、特にトウモロコシ蛋白を１〜５０重量部、望ましくは２０〜４０重量部添加することにより、単独原料のときより、さらに緻密な構造をつくることができる。なお、プロラミンとは、小麦やトウモロコシ等に含まれ、７０％エタノールに可溶なタンパク質と定義できる。
アミノ酸バランスを考慮し、原料を緻密な構造にする前に、動物由来の蛋白質や（メチオニンやリジンなどの）アミノ酸を穀物蛋白質に加え、上記方法で原料を溶融させることもできる。
【００１３】
本発明の好ましい蛋白質の態様は、プロラミンを含む蛋白質を他の穀物蛋白と同時に混練させたものを原料として製造された蛋白質である。
すなわち、本発明は、プロラミンを含む蛋白質を他の穀物蛋白と同時に混練させたものを原料として製造された、第４胃以降消化・吸収性蛋白質であって、水を通さない緻密な構造と反芻動物の第３胃を通過できる大きさを有し、好ましくは難消化性蛋白の含有量が低く抑えられていることを特徴とする反芻動物用飼料製剤、並びにそれを含有する反芻動物用飼料である。
【００１４】
上記のとおり、溶媒を用いて原料中の溶媒可溶成分を溶出させて緻密な構造にすることもできる。例えばプロラミンを含有する蛋白質を原料とする場合とか、プロラミンを含む蛋白質と他の穀物蛋白質とを混練したものを原料とする場合には、プロラミンを溶出させる溶媒の存在下に原料を混合し、押し出し造粒機、２軸エクストルーダー、若しくは打錠機などの成形機で成形することで、加熱しなくても原料を緻密にすることができる。
【００１５】
溶媒には、飼料に用いることができ、プロラミンを溶出させる溶媒を用いる。例えば、含水エタノールや含水イソプロパノールが用いられる。溶出されたプロラミンが空隙を埋めるとともに組織を堅く、耐水性を高める。
原料を混合する前にプロラミン含有蛋白質にメチオニンやリジンなどのアミノ酸、およびまたは医薬品を添加し、混練・成形することでさらにアミノ酸バランスの良い緻密な構造の飼料製剤または飼料を作ることもできる。
【００１６】
上記記載のように原料を緻密な構造に処理し、原料を直径０．５〜３ｍｍ程度に粒径を調整する。幽門の大きさから羊用の場合１ｍｍ以下の大きさに、牛用の場合３ｍｍ以下の大きさに調整する。例えば牛の場合、粒径が３ｍｍ以上の物の場合第３胃を通過できず、一方０．５ｍｍ未満の微粉では、第１胃内での微生物による資化を受け易くなる。
【００１７】
上記条件で原料の溶融・粒径調整を行えば、本発明の反芻動物用飼料製剤を得ることができる。
本発明の製剤は、そのまま反芻動物に与えてもよいが、例えば、脱脂大豆やグルテンミールの場合、蛋白質の含有量が高いので、市販の飼料に添加して与えてもよい。すなわち、この製剤は反芻動物用飼料に添加して使用することができる。
【００１８】
【作用】
このようにして得られた本発明の製剤および飼料は、その中に含まれている蛋白質が水を通しにくいため、反芻動物の第１胃内では資化が抑えられる。
また大きさについても第３胃のフィルターを通過し易く、また蛋白質の加熱温度や加熱時間が抑えられているので、第４胃以降で消化・吸収されやすい状態となる。
【００１９】
【実施例】
本願発明の詳細を実施例で説明する。本願発明はこれら実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
【００２０】
評価法
▲１▼結着性に関する指標
試料１ｇに蒸留水４９ｍｌを加え、８０〜１００ｒｐｍ、４０℃、２０分振とう後の溶液中の６６０ｎｍの吸光度を測定。
▲２▼吸水率に関する指標
試料１ｇに蒸留水９ｍｌを加え、４０℃、２０分静置した後、５分間メッシュ上で水切りした後の重量測定し、重量増加率を算出。
▲３▼バイパス率の指標
牛１頭に対する第１胃内浸漬袋数（サンプル量約１０ｇ、１０×１５ｃｍで５７−５９ミクロン平方メッシュ）は１回に１試料５袋とした。１４時間後にそれぞれ１袋ずつ取り出し、各袋ごとに水道水で洗液が無色透明になるまで洗った。その後４８時間凍結真空乾燥させ、浸漬前後における乾物及び蛋白質の消失率を求めた。
【００２１】
▲４▼消化・吸収の指標
評価▲３▼で回収した試料を０．１Ｍ塩化カリウム−塩酸（ｐＨ２．０）に懸濁し、ペプシン溶液を加え、３７℃、２時間反応させた。その後、０．２Ｍリン酸緩衝液でｐＨ７に調整し、牛由来すい臓酵素溶液を加え、３７℃、４時間反応させた。分解液をろ過し、残渣を回収測定し、次に基づき第１胃通過後の蛋白質の消化吸収率（％）とした。
▲５▼リジン溶出率の指標
反芻胃内のｐＨに相当するｐＨ６の緩衝液１００ｍｌを三角フラスコにとり、サンプル１ｇを加えロータリーシェーカーで２５０ｒｐｍで攪拌し、１、２、４時間後に溶出したリジン量を測定し、リジンの溶出率を測定した。
【００２３】
実施例１
脱脂大豆に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１３０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２４】
実施例２
小麦グルテンに対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１２０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２５】
実施例３
脱脂大豆とグルテンミールを重量比で２：１に混合し、混合物に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１３０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２６】
実施例４
小麦グルテンとグルテンミールを重量比で２：１に混合し、混合物に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１１０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２７】
実施例５
脱脂大豆に対して水を３０％添加し、加圧式ニーダーにて１３０℃で混合した。その後混合物を攪拌しながら冷却し、破砕された固体サンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２８】
実施例６
脱脂大豆とツェインを重量比で３：１に混合し、混合物に対して６０体積％エタノールを５０％添加し、４０℃で混合し、混合物を造粒機で押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００２９】
比較例１
脱脂大豆に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて８０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００３０】
比較例２
脱脂大豆に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１６０℃で混合した。その後テフロン加工を施した冷却ダイでサンプルを冷やしながら押し出し、紐状のサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
【００３１】
比較例３
脱脂大豆に対して水を３０％添加し、２軸エクストルーダーにて１３０℃で混合し、膨化したサンプルを得た。これを回転式カッターで切断し、俵状のサンプルを得た。これを篩いに通し９メッシュ（目開き２．００ｍｍ）以下３２メッシュ（目開き０．５ｍｍ）以上の画分を回収し、サンプルとした。
各試験例を表１にまとめた。
【００３２】
【表１】
今回の処理により、原料を溶融後、膨化させないことで、結着性・吸水性を抑えることができ、バイパス率が向上し、かつ消化酵素での分解性の良い蛋白質の調製ができた。（実施例１，２，５）
さらにトウモロコシ蛋白質（プロラミン蛋白質含有）を加えることで、さらにバイパス率を高められ、消化酵素での分解性も良い蛋白質の調製ができた。（実施例３，４）
ツェインを添加し、アルコールを加え、混練することで原料の処理温度を下げ、緻密でバイパス率が高く、消化酵素の分解性の良い蛋白質が調製できた。（実施例６）
一方原料を溶融させ、膨化させた比較例３は、結着性は良いものの、吸水率が高いため、バイパス率が低くなった。
処理温度を適温（十分に溶融する温度範囲の中では比較的低い温度のこと）より低くした、比較例１は、結着性・吸水率・バイパス率が悪くなった。処理温度を適温より高くした、比較例２は、結着性・吸水率・バイパス率は良いものの消化酵素での分解が低くなった。
【００３４】
実施例７
リジン５重量部、グルテンミール９０重量部、６０体積％エタノール５０重量部を添加し、常温で混練し、混合物を押し出し造粒を行い、篩い分け後、乾燥させた。
【００３５】
実施例８
リジン５重量部、グルテンミール７０重量部、ツェイン２０重量部、６０体積％エタノール４５重量部を添加し、常温で混練し、添加物を押し出し造粒を行い、篩い分け後、乾燥させた。
【００３６】
比較例４
リジン５重量部、グルテンミール７０重量部、ツェイン２０重量部、水を４５重量部を添加し、常温で混練し、混合物を押し出し造粒を行い、篩い分け後、乾燥させた。
リジン溶出率を実験し表２にまとめた。
【００３７】
【表２】
グルテンミールを含水エタノールを利用することにより、添加したリジンが緻密な構造に保持され、溶出が抑えられる。（実施例７）
またツェインを添加し、混合することで、さらにリジンの溶出を抑えることができる。（実施例８）
含水エタノールを使用しない場合、リジンの溶出を抑えることができない。（比較例４）
【００３９】
トウモロコシ蛋白質はリジンが制限アミノ酸となっているが上記方法によりアミノ酸バランスを改良した蛋白質飼料の提供が可能となる。
【００４０】
【発明の効果】
バイパス効率が良くかつ第４胃以降で消化吸収性の良い反芻動物用飼料製剤並びにそれを含有する反芻動物用の飼料を提供することができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a feed preparation for ruminant and subsequent digestive / absorbable ruminant animals and a ruminant feed containing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ruminants such as cattle and sheep have four stomachs, the rumen is neutral, and feed compositions and grasses containing feed additives are decomposed and utilized by microorganisms as microbial proteins. Recombined. The second stomach serves as a pump, and the third stomach serves as a filter. The fourth stomach is acidic and the intestine is equivalent to that of normal mammals.
[0003]
By the way, various studies have revealed that dairy cows are accelerating their milk production capacity by advances such as breeding improvements, and microbial proteins synthesized in the lumen are not enough to support highly secreted milk. .
In order to efficiently supply proteins to dairy cows, various methods for modifying and formulating proteins and amino acids so that they can be directly absorbed without being consumed in the rumen by microorganisms have been proposed.
[0004]
Attempts have been made to artificially increase the rate of passage through the rumen (bypass rate), and the methods are roughly divided into chemical methods and physical methods. A typical chemical method is a method of blocking the attack of rumen microorganisms by formalin treatment of proteins in the feed material as described in US Pat. No. 4,186,213. The method has a safety problem.
Thus, attempts have been made to protect proteins by physical methods. For example, US Pat. No. 5,225,230 describes a method in which soybean is crushed from 40 mesh to 80 mesh, and then heat-treated so that the effectiveness of methionine and lysine remains and the bypass rate is 55 to 65%. Yes. The reason why the raw material is heated here is to denature proteins in the raw material so as not to dissolve in water and to prevent decomposition of microorganisms in the lumen.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above method produces a feed suitable for ruminants to a certain extent. However, if the heating time is too long or the heating temperature is too high, decomposition in the rumen can be prevented. There is a problem that a protein that is not decomposed by digestive enzymes after the 4 stomachs and is difficult to digest and absorb (indigestible protein) can be produced. In the above-mentioned US patent, the particle size of the protein is not specified, but when the particle size becomes 3 mm or more, there is a problem that it cannot pass through the third stomach.
[0006]
Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a feed for ruminants with good bypass efficiency and good digestibility and absorption after the fourth stomach.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a ruminant feed preparation characterized in that it is a digestive and absorptive protein from the 4th stomach onwards, and has a dense structure that is impermeable to water and a size that can pass through the 3rd stomach of ruminants, and A ruminant feed containing the same.
The ruminant feed preparation of the present invention or the ruminant feed containing the same is decomposed by microorganisms in the rumen of the ruminant on the basis of the dense structure of the protein contained therein that does not allow water to pass through. , Assimilation is suppressed. Moreover, it is easy to pass through the filter of the third stomach based on the size. And after passing through the third stomach, it is also characterized in that it is a protein having good digestibility and absorbability after the fourth stomach.
[0008]
The protein of the present invention has a structure and a size that are not assimilated by microorganisms in the first stomach, and is a protein that has good digestibility and absorbability after the fourth stomach after passing through the third stomach. In order to improve the amino acid balance of cereal proteins such as soybeans, rapeseed, wheat, corn, etc. It is a protein produced by using.
[0009]
Raw material processing is performed to make the protein raw material a dense structure. In the present invention, the dense structure means a water-resistant structure in which the water solubility of the protein is low, there are no voids in the protein tissue, the density is high, and water does not enter. A water-soluble protein such as soybean is denatured by heating, that is, the three-dimensional structure of the protein molecule is changed, and the water solubility is lowered.
[0010]
As a means for obtaining a dense structure, there are a method of heating and melting the raw material, and a method of eluting solvent-soluble components in the raw material using a solvent. For example, a biaxial extruder is used as the heating means. The raw material is melted with a twin screw extruder. If the heating time is too long or the heating temperature is too high, an indigestible protein is formed. Therefore, the melting condition when using the biaxial extruder may be heated at 100 ° C. or higher, but is melted at 150 ° C. or lower in order to reduce the production of indigestible proteins that are difficult to digest and absorb. When melting, 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight of water is added to 100 parts by weight of the raw material. Cool after melting. For example, the sample is extruded so as not to expand while being cooled with a cooling die.
[0011]
That is, the present invention is a digestive and absorptive protein from the 4th stomach onwards, has a dense structure that does not allow water to pass through, and a size that can pass through the 3rd stomach of ruminants, and has an indigestible protein content. A ruminant feed preparation characterized by being kept low, and a ruminant feed containing the same. In order to reduce the production of indigestible proteins that are difficult to digest and absorb, the heating temperature and heating time of the protein are suppressed, so that it is more easily digested and absorbed after the fourth stomach. This ruminant feed preparation contains approximately 35 to 50% by weight of the protein, which can be digested and absorbed by ruminants.
[0012]
In order to make the raw material a dense structure, when the raw material is soy protein, 105 to 140 ° C. is desirable, and the raw material is melted in as short a time as possible. Moreover, when using wheat protein, it can process at a still lower temperature (100-130 degreeC). In the case of a raw material protein that does not contain prolamin, 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight of protein containing prolamin, particularly corn protein, is added to 100 parts by weight of this raw material, compared to a single raw material. It is possible to make a more precise structure. Prolamin can be defined as a protein that is contained in wheat, corn, or the like and is soluble in 70% ethanol.
Considering the amino acid balance, an animal-derived protein or an amino acid (such as methionine or lysine) can be added to the cereal protein and the raw material can be melted by the above method before the raw material is made into a dense structure.
[0013]
A preferred protein embodiment of the present invention is a protein produced from a raw material obtained by kneading a protein containing prolamin simultaneously with other cereal proteins.
That is, the present invention is a digestive and absorptive protein produced from a material obtained by kneading a protein containing prolamin simultaneously with other cereal proteins, and has a dense structure and rumination that is impermeable to water. A ruminant feed preparation characterized by having a size capable of passing through the third stomach of an animal, and preferably having a low content of indigestible protein, and a ruminant feed containing the same is there.
[0014]
As described above, the solvent-soluble component in the raw material can be eluted using a solvent to form a dense structure. For example, when a protein containing prolamin is used as a raw material, or when a protein containing prolamin and other cereal protein are kneaded, the raw materials are mixed and extruded in the presence of a solvent that elutes prolamin. By molding with a molding machine such as a granulator, a twin screw extruder, or a tableting machine, the raw material can be made dense without heating.
[0015]
As the solvent, a solvent that can be used for feed and elutes prolamin is used. For example, hydrous ethanol or hydrous isopropanol is used. Eluted prolamin fills voids and hardens tissues, increasing water resistance.
By mixing an amino acid such as methionine and lysine and / or a pharmaceutical with the prolamin-containing protein before mixing the raw materials, and kneading and molding, a feed structure or feed having a finer structure with a better amino acid balance can be produced.
[0016]
The raw material is processed into a dense structure as described above, and the particle diameter of the raw material is adjusted to about 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter. The size of the pylorus is adjusted to 1 mm or less for sheep and 3 mm or less for cattle. For example, in the case of cattle, if the particle diameter is 3 mm or more, it cannot pass through the third stomach, whereas if it is less than 0.5 mm, it is likely to be assimilated by microorganisms in the first stomach.
[0017]
If the raw material is melted and the particle size is adjusted under the above conditions, the ruminant feed preparation of the present invention can be obtained.
The preparation of the present invention may be given to ruminants as it is. For example, in the case of defatted soybeans and gluten meal, the protein content is high, so it may be added to commercially available feed. That is, this preparation can be used by adding to ruminant feed.
[0018]
[Action]
In the thus obtained preparation and feed of the present invention, since the protein contained therein is difficult to pass water, assimilation is suppressed in the rumen of the ruminant.
In addition, the size is easy to pass through the filter of the third stomach, and the heating temperature and heating time of the protein are suppressed, so that it is easily digested and absorbed after the fourth stomach.
[0019]
【Example】
The details of the present invention will be described in Examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0020]
Evaluation method {circle around (1)} 49 ml of distilled water was added to 1 g of an index sample relating to binding properties, and the absorbance at 660 nm in the solution after shaking at 80 to 100 rpm, 40 ° C. for 20 minutes was measured.
{Circle around (2)} 9 ml of distilled water was added to 1 g of an index sample relating to the water absorption rate, allowed to stand at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, then drained on a mesh for 5 minutes, and the weight increase rate was calculated.
(3) Indicator of Bypass Rate The number of bags immersed in the first stomach for one cow (sample amount: about 10 g, 57 × 59 micron square mesh at 10 × 15 cm) was 5 bags per sample. After 14 hours, each bag was taken out, and each bag was washed with tap water until the washing became colorless and transparent. Thereafter, it was freeze-dried for 48 hours, and the disappearance rate of dry matter and protein before and after immersion was determined.
[0021]
(4) Index evaluation of digestion and absorption The sample collected in (3) was suspended in 0.1 M potassium chloride-hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0), a pepsin solution was added, and the mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 7 with 0.2 M phosphate buffer, a cattle-derived pancreatic enzyme solution was added, and the mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 4 hours. The decomposition solution was filtered, the residue was collected and measured, and then the digestion and absorption rate (%) of the protein after passage through the rumen was determined.
(5) Index of lysine elution rate Take 100 ml of a pH 6 buffer solution corresponding to the pH in the rumen into a Erlenmeyer flask, add 1 g of the sample, and stir at 250 rpm on a rotary shaker. And the elution rate of lysine was measured.
[0023]
Example 1
30% of water was added to the defatted soybean and mixed at 130 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0024]
Example 2
30% of water was added to wheat gluten and mixed at 120 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0025]
Example 3
The defatted soybean and gluten meal were mixed at a weight ratio of 2: 1, 30% of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was mixed at 130 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0026]
Example 4
Wheat gluten and gluten meal were mixed at a weight ratio of 2: 1, 30% of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was mixed at 110 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0027]
Example 5
30% of water was added to the defatted soybean and mixed at 130 ° C. with a pressure kneader. The mixture was then cooled with stirring to obtain a crushed solid sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0028]
Example 6
The defatted soybean and zein were mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 1, 50% ethanol by volume was added to the mixture by 50%, mixed at 40 ° C., and the mixture was extruded with a granulator to obtain a string-like sample. . This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
30% of water was added to the defatted soybean and mixed at 80 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0030]
Comparative Example 2
30% of water was added to the defatted soybean and mixed at 160 ° C. with a biaxial extruder. Thereafter, the sample was extruded while cooling with a cooling die subjected to Teflon processing to obtain a string-like sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
[0031]
Comparative Example 3
30% of water was added to the defatted soybean and mixed at 130 ° C. with a biaxial extruder to obtain an expanded sample. This was cut with a rotary cutter to obtain a bowl-shaped sample. This was passed through a sieve to collect a fraction of 9 mesh (aperture 2.00 mm) or less and 32 mesh (aperture 0.5 mm) or more to prepare a sample.
Each test example is summarized in Table 1.
[0032]
[Table 1]
By this treatment, the raw material was not expanded after being melted, so that the binding property and water absorption could be suppressed, the bypass rate was improved, and a protein having good degradability with digestive enzymes could be prepared. (Examples 1, 2, 5)
Furthermore, by adding corn protein (containing prolamin protein), the bypass rate was further increased and a protein with good degradability by digestive enzymes could be prepared. (Examples 3 and 4)
By adding zein, adding alcohol, and kneading, the processing temperature of the raw material was lowered, and a dense protein with high bypass rate and good digestive enzyme degradability could be prepared. (Example 6)
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3 in which the raw material was melted and expanded, the binding rate was good, but the water absorption rate was high, so the bypass rate was low.
In Comparative Example 1, in which the treatment temperature was lower than an appropriate temperature (a relatively low temperature in a sufficiently melting temperature range), the binding property, the water absorption rate, and the bypass rate were deteriorated. In Comparative Example 2, in which the treatment temperature was higher than the appropriate temperature, the decomposition with digestive enzymes was low, although the binding property, water absorption rate, and bypass rate were good.
[0034]
Example 7
5 parts by weight of lysine, 90 parts by weight of gluten meal, and 50 parts by weight of 60% ethanol by volume were added, kneaded at room temperature, the mixture was extruded, granulated, sieved and dried.
[0035]
Example 8
5 parts by weight of lysine, 70 parts by weight of gluten meal, 20 parts by weight of zein and 45 parts by weight of 60 volume% ethanol were added, kneaded at room temperature, the additive was extruded, granulated, sieved and dried.
[0036]
Comparative Example 4
5 parts by weight of lysine, 70 parts by weight of gluten meal, 20 parts by weight of zein and 45 parts by weight of water were added, kneaded at room temperature, the mixture was extruded, granulated, sieved and dried.
The lysine elution rates were tested and summarized in Table 2.
[0037]
[Table 2]
By using hydrated ethanol for gluten meal, the added lysine is maintained in a dense structure, and elution is suppressed. (Example 7)
Further, by adding zein and mixing, elution of lysine can be further suppressed. (Example 8)
If water-containing ethanol is not used, elution of lysine cannot be suppressed. (Comparative Example 4)
[0039]
Although lysine is a restricted amino acid in corn protein, it is possible to provide a protein feed with an improved amino acid balance by the above method.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
It is possible to provide a ruminant feed preparation having good bypass efficiency and having good digestibility and absorption after the fourth stomach and a ruminant feed containing the same.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22039296A JP3877083B2 (en) | 1996-08-03 | 1996-08-03 | Feed preparation for ruminant and subsequent digestive and absorbable ruminants and ruminant feed containing the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22039296A JP3877083B2 (en) | 1996-08-03 | 1996-08-03 | Feed preparation for ruminant and subsequent digestive and absorbable ruminants and ruminant feed containing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1042795A JPH1042795A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
| JP3877083B2 true JP3877083B2 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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| JP22039296A Expired - Fee Related JP3877083B2 (en) | 1996-08-03 | 1996-08-03 | Feed preparation for ruminant and subsequent digestive and absorbable ruminants and ruminant feed containing the same |
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| WO2018030528A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | バイオ科学株式会社 | Production method for rumen-bypassing preparation, and granules obtained by means of production method for rumen-bypassing preparation |
| JP2020137522A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-03 | バイオ科学株式会社 | Method of producing rumen bypass pharmaceutical and granule obtained by the same |
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| EP2077076B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 | 2016-11-23 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Feed additive composition for ruminants and method of producing the same |
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| CA2736119C (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2016-08-23 | Farnam Companies, Inc. | Chewable sustained release formulations |
| TR201802993T4 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-03-21 | Gold&Green Foods Oy | A method for the production of a texturized food product and a texturized food product. |
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- 1996-08-03 JP JP22039296A patent/JP3877083B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018030528A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | バイオ科学株式会社 | Production method for rumen-bypassing preparation, and granules obtained by means of production method for rumen-bypassing preparation |
| CN109414039A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-03-01 | 生物科学株式会社 | The manufacturing method of preparation for rumen and thus obtained granule |
| JP2020137522A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-03 | バイオ科学株式会社 | Method of producing rumen bypass pharmaceutical and granule obtained by the same |
| JP7049693B2 (en) | 2020-05-29 | 2022-04-07 | バイオ科学株式会社 | Manufacturing method of rumen bypass preparation and granules obtained by this method |
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| JPH1042795A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
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