JP2759427B2 - Moist pellet-shaped fish feed with excellent bleed resistance without using raw feed - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a moist pellet-shaped fish feed which is excellent in bleed resistance and does not use raw feed, comprising a mixed feed containing a binder, a fat and oil raw material and water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the early 1960s, in the cultivation of hamachi, sea bream, silver salmon, etc., moist pellet-shaped fish feed was developed, and compared to the previous method where raw feed was fed as it was, marine pollution. It spread rapidly because of the advantages of reducing fish, improving feeding efficiency, and improving the quality of cultured fish. In general, moist pellets consist of a mixture of raw foods (including frozen ones) such as sardines, mackerel, and squid, and a mixed feed consisting of fish meal, vegetable oil cakes, grains, vitamins, minerals, binders, etc. It is a thing. This moist pellet is also called a mixed moist pellet.

[0003] The use of a binder is indispensable for the mixed type moist pellets. Known binders include sodium carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter may be abbreviated as CMC), sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, guar gum. Are appropriately selected and used. In recent years, the catch of sardines, the main fish of live food, has been rapidly decreasing. As a result, it has become difficult to obtain raw feed in a stable manner. Are coming. On the other hand, this situation is more severe on remote islands, and it is predicted that live food will not be available at all. Under such circumstances, "single-type moist pellets" comprising a mixed feed, an oil and fat raw material, and water without using any live feed have attracted attention.

[0004] This single type moist pellet is composed of a mixed feed (including a binder), an oil and fat raw material and water without using raw feed, and is produced by a pellet machine similar to a normal moist pellet. Here, the use of the oil and fat raw material makes up for a considerable amount brought from the raw feed. In addition, water is used to make the pellets as soft as moist pellets. (When the ratio of raw feed to compound feed, which is a general mixed-type moist pellet, is 60:40, about 40% of water is contained in the pellets. Present [about 70% water is present in the live feed])
Is required.

As described above, a single type moist pellet is
Basically, by adding an oil / fat raw material and water to the compound feed instead of raw feed, it has the advantage of being able to be manufactured with the pellet machine conventionally used, but on the other hand, the mixed type moist The binder used in the pellets has the drawbacks that the pellets are easily broken (poor in moldability), poor in shape retention in seawater and easily turbid, and such improvements have been desired. On the other hand, in the case of a land-based granulation type in which a single type moist pellet is manufactured and then fed on the next day, it easily oozes out from the fat and oil raw material in the pellet during storage (poor in bleed resistance).
The workability of feeding decreases, oil and fat raw materials float on the sea surface,
There were problems such as a decrease in the feeding rate of oil and fat raw materials to cultured fish. Here, the combined use of CMC with sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate is disclosed in
Japanese Patent Publication No. 137648 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-117752 disclose binders used in mixed-type moist pellets, which are technically different from the present invention.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a single type moist pellet-type fish culture feed which does not use raw bait, which is excellent in pellet formability, turbidity resistance, and especially bleed resistance of oil and fat raw materials.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have found that a single-type moist pellet which does not use raw feed consisting of a mixed feed containing a binder, an oil and fat raw material and water, has a viscosity of 1% aqueous solution and an ether. A binder comprising a specific weight ratio of CMC having a degree of conversion within a specific range and a mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate at a specific weight ratio, that is, 1% The viscosity of the aqueous solution is 100
0-10000 cps, degree of etherification 0.80-1.
00mol / _c is ₆ to CMC, the mixing ratio of the sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate 50: 5
A mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate (0 to 10:90) is added and mixed, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the mixture are mixed in an amount of 7%.
By using a binder having a weight ratio of 5:25 to 25:75, not only the moldability and turbidity resistance of the pellet but also the production of a single type moist pellet excellent in the bleed resistance of a fat or oil raw material can be achieved. This led to the achievement of the present invention.

The single type moist pellet according to the present invention comprises:
It consists of a compound feed, oil and fat raw materials and water. What is a compound feed?
It consists of animal feed materials, plant feed materials, vitamins and minerals. Examples of animal feed materials include fish meal, meat meal, bone meat, blood meal, Antarctic krill meal, and squid meal. Examples of plant feed materials include oil cake, soybean meal, soybean meal, flour, defatted rice bran, gluten meal and the like. As the vitamins, vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B ₂ , vitamin B ₆ , vitamin B ₁₂ , vitamin C and the like are used. As minerals, calcium, potassium, sodium and the like are used as required.

The fat and oil raw material is a calorie source, and includes cod liver oil, pollock liver oil, sardine oil, beef tallow, lard, soybean oil, cottonseed oil and the like, and the amount of addition depends on the target fish species, body length and season. Although it is arbitrarily determined, it is generally sufficient to add 5 to 30% by weight to the compound feed.
Water is necessary for kneading and finishing the pellets into a soft type like mixed-type moist pellets, and is desirably added in the range of 30 to 130% by weight to the mixed feed.
It is sufficient to add 0 to 70% by weight. In the present invention, CMC
And a mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate in a weight ratio of 75:25 to 25:75 is used because the CMC is more than 90% by weight and the sodium polyacrylate is 10% by weight. If the content is less than 10%, sufficient caking property cannot be obtained, and the pellets are liable to be broken. On the other hand, if the CMC is less than 25% by weight and the sodium polyacrylate is more than 75% by weight, stickiness of the pellets becomes remarkable, which is not preferable.

[0010] CMC used in the present invention, viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution 1000～10000Cps, etherification degree is required to be 0.80~1.00mol / _{c 6.} This is because the use of CMC which is out of the range of the 1% aqueous solution viscosity and the degree of etherification results in oil oozing out of the pellets in any case, resulting in poor bleed resistance.

The proportion of the mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate used in the present invention is 50:
It is necessary to be in the range of 50 to 10:90. This is because if the sodium polyacrylate is more than 50% by weight and the sodium alginate is less than 50% by weight, the oil easily oozes from the pellets and the bleeding resistance is poor, and if the sodium polyacrylate is less than 10% by weight and the sodium alginate is less than 10% by weight. If the content is more than 90% by weight, the pellets are easily broken and the moldability is poor. Incidentally, the binder used in the present invention is particularly required for the bleeding resistance of the raw material for oils and fats, that is, it is suitably used for an onshore granulation type in which pellets are produced and fed the next day. There is no problem even when used as a granule type binder.

The binder used in the present invention is preferably used in the range of 1 to 7% by weight based on the mixed feed. If the amount is less than 1% by weight, the pellets are apt to be broken, the pellets are soft, the oil and fat raw material is easily oozed, and the bleeding resistance is poor. Also, 7% by weight
If it is excessively large, the pellets are hard and economically disadvantageous. The sodium polyacrylate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product is appropriately selected and used, but sodium polyacrylate which is recognized as a food additive is most desirable. Also, sodium alginate is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product is appropriately selected and used.

The method of using sodium polyacrylate is as follows:
Powder mixing and liquid mixing are conceivable. JP-A-63-13
All of the methods disclosed in JP-A-7648 and JP-A-1-117752 are powder mixtures, but sodium polyacrylate has a low solubility, and thus is disclosed in JP-A-63-137.
As described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 648, attention must be paid to fine particles having a small particle size, which tends to form blocks. However, in the method of adding an aqueous solution described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-58692, the CMC is uniformly coated,
In the present invention, liquid mixing is preferable because the solubility is fast and the caking property is easily obtained during the production of a single type moist pellet. It should be noted that other binders generally used in the present invention, such as guar gum, may be used in combination.

[0014]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
87 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 40% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (trade name Alonbis SS
(A): Nippon Junyaku Co., Ltd.) and sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S, Kimitsu Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 25: 7.
A binder consisting of 60% by weight blended in a proportion of 5% by weight was prepared. 96% by weight of feed material consisting of 80% by weight of fish meal and 20% by weight of flour and the obtained binder 4
% By weight and a mixed feed was obtained. 10 kg of the compound feed is put into a granulator manufactured by Mitsui and then water is added for 5 k.
g, kneaded for 10 minutes, and further added and mixed with 2.5 kg of soybean oil, kneaded for 20 minutes, and then pelletized. The pellet diameter was 8 mm.

Example 2 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
87 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 60% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 40 wt% of a mixture of 25:75 (wt%) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S, manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Example 3 A mixed feed was obtained using the binder obtained in Example 2 under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 2. 10 kg of this compound feed is put into a granulator manufactured by Mitsui Corporation, and then 6 kg of water is added to add 1 kg.
After kneading for 0 minutes, 3 kg of soybean oil was further added and mixed, and kneaded for 20 minutes, followed by pelletization. The pellet diameter is 8mm
And

Example 4 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 8100 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
40% by weight of 81 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries)
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S, manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Example 5 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 3100 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
40% by weight of CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) of 91 mol / c ₆
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S, manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Example 6 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 3100 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
CMC of 91 mol / c ₆ (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 60% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 40 wt% of a mixture of 25:75 (wt%) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S, manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Example 7 98.5% by weight of a feed material consisting of 80% by weight of fish meal and 20% by weight of flour and 1.5% by weight of the binder obtained in Example 1 were mixed well to prepare a compound feed. Obtained. This compounded feed was pelletized under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1.

Example 8 93.5% by weight of a feed material consisting of 80% by weight of fish meal and 20% by weight of flour and 6.5% by weight of a binder obtained in Example 1 were mixed well to prepare a compound feed. Obtained. This compounded feed was pelletized under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 1 A 1% aqueous solution had a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
19% by weight of 87 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries)
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 81% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Comparative Example 2 A 1% aqueous solution had a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
83% by weight of 87 mol / c ₆ CMC (Nippon Paper Industries)
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 17% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Comparative Example 3 A 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of 800 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.8.
5 mol / c ₆ of 40% by weight of CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries), 25% of sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A): manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 25% of sodium alginate (kimitsuargin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry) : 60% by weight blended in a ratio of 75% by weight (% by weight). Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was produced under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1, and pelletized under exactly the same conditions and procedures.

Comparative Example 4 40% by weight of a 1% aqueous solution of CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Co., Ltd.) having a viscosity of 13000 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.75 mol / c ₆ and sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS)
(A): Nippon Junyaku Co., Ltd.) and sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: Kimitsu Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 25:75.
A binder was prepared consisting of 60% by weight blended in the proportion (% by weight). Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was produced under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1, and pelletized under exactly the same conditions and procedures.

Comparative Example 5 The viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution was 1100 cps, and the degree of etherification was 0.1.
CMC of 74 mol / c ₆ (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 40% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Comparative Example 6 The viscosity of a 1% aqueous solution was 1200 cps and the degree of etherification was 1.
20 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 40% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of 25:75 (% by weight) of sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and Nippon Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1;
Pelletized by procedure.

Comparative Example 7 A 1% aqueous solution had a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
87 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 40% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of 60:40 (weight%) of sodium alginate (made by Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) and sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was prepared in exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 7;
Pelletized by procedure.

Comparative Example 8 A 1% aqueous solution had a viscosity of 6600 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.
87 mol / c ₆ CMC (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries) 40% by weight
And sodium polyacrylate (Aronbis SS (A):
A binder comprising 60% by weight of a mixture of Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) and sodium alginate (Kimitsu Algin NB-S: Kimitsu Kagaku Kogyo) at a ratio of 5:95 (% by weight) was prepared. Using the obtained binder, a compound feed was produced under exactly the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1, and pelletized under exactly the same conditions and procedures.

Comparative Example 9 99.5% by weight of feed material consisting of 80% by weight of fish meal and 20% by weight of flour and 0.5% by weight of the binder obtained in Example 1 were mixed well to prepare a compound feed. Obtained. This compounded feed was pelletized under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 10 91% by weight of feed material consisting of 80% by weight of fish meal and 20% by weight of flour and 9% by weight of the binder obtained in Example 1 were mixed well to obtain a compounded feed. This compounded feed was pelletized under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 1.

The properties of the pellets obtained from Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, Examples 1 to 10 use a binder obtained by mixing a specific CMC of the present invention and a specific mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate at a specific ratio. The pellets also had good moldability, hardness, turbidity resistance in seawater and bleeding resistance. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 to 10
As described above, mere use of CMC, sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate could not significantly improve bleed resistance.

[0034]

[Table 1]

* 1: Sodium polyacrylate: Aronbis SS
(A) (manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) Sodium alginate: Kimitsu Argin NB-S (manufactured by Kimitsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) * 2: moldability (hardness of pellet breakage),
Hardness (Tactile evaluation by five panelists) A: Very good B: Good B: Somewhat bad X: Bad

20 g of pellets are put into a conical beaker having a capacity of 500 ml while shaking at 100 times / minute with 20 ml of artificial seawater. After shaking for 2 minutes, add artificial seawater for 4 minutes.
The mixture is filtered through a 00 mesh wire, and the degree of turbidity of the filtrate is measured (mm) using a transparency tube having a tube bottom of φ30 mm and quantified. The value is low when turbidity is likely to occur (inferior in turbidity resistance), and large when turbidity is unlikely to occur (excellent in turbidity resistance).
A pellet having a bleed resistance of 50 mm in length is manufactured. The pellet is left on a filter paper (TOYO filter paper No. 2) for 24 hours, and the maximum width (circumferential direction of the pellet) of oil oozing on the filter paper is measured (mm) and quantified. When the oil does not easily exude (excellent in bleeding resistance), the numerical value decreases, and when the oil easily exudes (insufficient bleeding resistance), the numerical value increases.

[0037]

As described in detail above, as shown in Table 1, a compound feed containing a specific CMC and a specific ratio of a mixture of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate containing a specific ratio of a binder. The moist pellet-shaped fish feed that is excellent in bleed resistance and does not use raw feed according to the present invention, which is composed of oil and fat raw material and water, has not only moldability, hardness and turbidity resistance, but also oil and fat raw material that does not easily exude. It is also excellent in reproductivity, and can be suitably used without cultivating live bait for cultivation of hamachi, bream, silver salmon, etc., and is of great value contributing to the field of aquaculture and fishery.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A23K 1/20 A23K 1/18 102

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A 1% aqueous solution having a viscosity of 1000 to 1000
0 cps, degree of etherification 0.80-1.00 mol /
the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is a c _6,
Of sodium polyacrylate and sodium alginate
Polyacrylic having a mixing ratio of 50:50 to 10:90
A mixture of sodium and sodium alginate is added
Mixed and sodium carboxymethylcellulose
And the mixture has a weight ratio of 75:25 to 25:75.
Combined feed containing a binder consisting of
A moist pellet-shaped fish feed that is excellent in bleed resistance without using live feed.