JPH06507853A - マルチ流路アレイ小滴付着装置 - Google Patents
マルチ流路アレイ小滴付着装置Info
- Publication number
- JPH06507853A JPH06507853A JP4510794A JP51079492A JPH06507853A JP H06507853 A JPH06507853 A JP H06507853A JP 4510794 A JP4510794 A JP 4510794A JP 51079492 A JP51079492 A JP 51079492A JP H06507853 A JPH06507853 A JP H06507853A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- flow path
- closing plate
- solder
- bond
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
- B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
- B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
- B41J2/1623—Manufacturing processes bonding and adhesion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
- B41J2/1607—Production of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/1609—Production of print heads with piezoelectric elements of finger type, chamber walls consisting integrally of piezoelectric material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 1.基板に垂直に分極した圧電物質の層を基板に付与し、圧電物質が連続する流 路を分割する直立した壁となるよう該基板層に、1列の平行で上部の開放した小 滴液流路を形成させ、流路に面する壁表面に電極を設け、流路閉鎖板を壁に結合 させ、それぞれ流路に連絡するノズルを設け、そして流路に小滴液供給源を接続 する手段を設けてなるマルチ流路アレイ小滴付着装置の製造法であって、流路空 間に対応する間隔をおく1列の平行な導電性トラックを有する該流路閉鎖板を形 成し、流路を該トラックに平行に背中合わせに設け、各トラックをその背中合わ せの流路の、流路に面する側壁の電極に機械的且つ電気的に接続する結合を形成 させて閉鎖板を流路壁にシール密封することを特徴とする方法。
- 2.各トラックをそれに背中合わせの流路に面する側壁上の電極に接続する該結 合を形成させる以前に、駆動電流回路をトラックに接続することを特徴とする請 求項1記載の方法。
- 3.該結合をハンダ結合として形成することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の 方法。
- 4.トラックと電極の一方または双方にハンダを付着させ、トラックに背中合わ せに流路を設け、同時に各トラックをそれに背中合わせの流路に面する側壁上の 電極に接続する結合を形成させることを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 5.少なくともハンダを加熱してトラックと接合電極をハンダで濡らしてトラッ クと接合電極にメニスカスブリッジを形成してハンダを冷却して該結合を形成さ せることを特徴とする請求項4記載の方法。
- 6.該流路閉鎖板上に、流路に面する側壁上の電極同士の空間の幅に近い幅の該 トラックを形成させることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の方法 。
- 7.該流路閉鎖板上に位置する駆動チップに該駆動電流回路を付与することを特 徴とする請求項2から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 8.該流路閉鎖板上に付着により駆動チップを形成させて、該トラックと接続し ている駆動回路を付与することを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
- 9.基板に垂直に分極した圧電物質の層を有する基板、該層中に形成された直立 する流路分割壁により設けられた該基板中の1列の平行で上部の開放した小滴液 流路、流路に面する壁表面に設けられた電極、壁に結合した流路閉鎖板、それぞ れ流路に連絡するノズル、そして流路に小滴液を供給する手段を有するマルチ流 路アレイ小滴付着装置であって、該流路閉鎖板が、流路空間に対応する間隔をお いて流路に平行で背中合わせの1列の平行な導電性トラックと、各トラックをそ れに背中合わせの流路の流路に面する側壁上の電極に機械的且つ電気的に接続し て閉鎖板を流路壁にシール密封するする結合とを有することを特徴とするマルチ 流路アレイ小滴付着装置。
- 10.電気的駆動電流回路がトラックにそれぞれ接続されていることを特徴とす る請求項9記載の装置。
- 11.流路閉鎖板上のトラックの幅が、流路に面する壁上の電極同士の空間の幅 に近いことを特徴とする請求項9又は10記載の装置。
- 12.トラックを電極に接続する結合がハンダ結合であることを特徴とする請求 項9から11のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 13.該結合のハンダの固化線が選ばれて閉鎖板と該圧電材料の相対的熱ひずみ を制限する熱膨張係数を有することを特徴とする請求項12記載の装置。
- 14.該結合のハンダが鉛及び/又は錫及び/又はインジウムの合金であること を特徴とする請求項12又は13記載の装置。
- 15.該結合のハンダが鉛と錫を含む共融合金であることを特徴とする請求項1 2又は13記載の装置。
- 16.該結合のハンダが銀を含む合金であることを特徴とする請求項12又は1 3記載の装置。
- 17.流路閉鎖板が圧電セラミックに比べて比較的高い弾性率と及び「110」 シリコンと適合する膨張係数を有するガラス又はセラミックからなることを特徴 とする請求項9から16のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 18.流路閉鎖板が硼珪ガラスであることを特徴とする請求項17記載の装置。
- 19.該流路閉鎖板がその上に流路配列方向に板の幅で伸びる結晶シリコンの層 を付着させ、そこに入出力端子を有するマルチプレクサー駆動回路を形成して該 出力端子が流路閉鎖板上の導電性トラックに接続されていることを特徴とする請 求項18記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9113023.7 | 1991-06-17 | ||
GB919113023A GB9113023D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 | 1991-06-17 | Multi-channel arrary droplet deposition apparatus and method of manufacture thereof |
PCT/GB1992/001085 WO1992022429A1 (en) | 1991-06-17 | 1992-06-17 | Multi-channel array droplet deposition apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06507853A true JPH06507853A (ja) | 1994-09-08 |
JP3211028B2 JP3211028B2 (ja) | 2001-09-25 |
Family
ID=10696808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51079492A Expired - Lifetime JP3211028B2 (ja) | 1991-06-17 | 1992-06-17 | マルチ流路アレイ小滴付着装置 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5463414A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0589941B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3211028B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100237073B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE143312T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9206162A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2111082A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69214148T2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB9113023D0 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1000083A1 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG46355A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1992022429A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002103614A (ja) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-09 | Konica Corp | インクジェットヘッド |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9113023D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 | 1991-08-07 | Xaar Ltd | Multi-channel arrary droplet deposition apparatus and method of manufacture thereof |
US5598196A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1997-01-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Piezoelectric ink jet print head and method of making |
JP3144115B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-27 | 2001-03-12 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | インク噴射装置 |
JPH06234216A (ja) † | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Brother Ind Ltd | インク噴射装置 |
JP3047661B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-16 | 2000-05-29 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 液滴噴射装置 |
JPH06238888A (ja) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-08-30 | Brother Ind Ltd | インク噴射装置 |
JP3024466B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-25 | 2000-03-21 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 液滴噴射装置 |
JPH06246914A (ja) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-09-06 | Brother Ind Ltd | インクジェットヘッド |
JPH10146974A (ja) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-06-02 | Brother Ind Ltd | インクジェットヘッド |
JP3257960B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-17 | 2002-02-18 | 富士通株式会社 | インクジェットヘッド |
GB9710530D0 (en) | 1997-05-23 | 1997-07-16 | Xaar Ltd | Droplet deposition apparatus and methods of manufacture thereof |
US6572221B1 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2003-06-03 | Xaar Technology Limited | Droplet deposition apparatus for ink jet printhead |
ES2195629T3 (es) | 1998-11-14 | 2003-12-01 | Xaar Technology Ltd | Aparato para deposito a partir de gotitas. |
DE60038514D1 (de) * | 1999-02-17 | 2008-05-21 | Konica Corp | Tintenstrahldruckkopf |
DE60006682T2 (de) | 1999-08-14 | 2004-09-16 | Xaar Technology Ltd. | Tröpfchenaufzeichnungsgerät |
KR100378068B1 (ko) * | 2000-06-17 | 2003-03-29 | 최수봉 | 인슐린 자동주사기용 주사침 |
KR100355476B1 (ko) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-10-11 | 최수봉 | 인슐린 자동주사기용 테프론 주사침 장치 |
AU2001287943A1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-08 | Xaar Technology Limited | Droplet deposition apparatus |
US7052117B2 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2006-05-30 | Dimatix, Inc. | Printhead having a thin pre-fired piezoelectric layer |
US8251471B2 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2012-08-28 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Individual jet voltage trimming circuitry |
US7281778B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2007-10-16 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | High frequency droplet ejection device and method |
US8491076B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2013-07-23 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Fluid droplet ejection devices and methods |
US8068245B2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2011-11-29 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Printing device communication protocol |
US7907298B2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2011-03-15 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Data pump for printing |
US8085428B2 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2011-12-27 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Print systems and techniques |
US7911625B2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2011-03-22 | Fujifilm Dimatrix, Inc. | Printing system software architecture |
US7722147B2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2010-05-25 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Printing system architecture |
US8199342B2 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2012-06-12 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Tailoring image data packets to properties of print heads |
US7234788B2 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2007-06-26 | Dimatix, Inc. | Individual voltage trimming with waveforms |
US7556327B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-07-07 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Charge leakage prevention for inkjet printing |
EP1836056B1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2018-11-07 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Ink jet printing |
US7988247B2 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-08-02 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Ejection of drops having variable drop size from an ink jet printer |
TWI511886B (zh) | 2011-11-18 | 2015-12-11 | Canon Kk | 液體排出裝置 |
JP6322369B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-18 | 2018-05-09 | エスアイアイ・プリンテック株式会社 | 液体噴射ヘッド、液体噴射装置及び液体噴射ヘッドの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL281145A (ja) | 1961-05-08 | |||
US4493137A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-01-15 | Ncr Corporation | Method of making a drive element assembly for ink jet printing |
DE8414967U1 (de) * | 1984-05-16 | 1986-01-23 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Vorrichtung zur Fixierung und Kontaktierung piezoelektrischer Antriebselemente im Schreibkopf von Tintenschreibeinrichtungen |
JPS63137158A (ja) | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-09 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | アルミ薄膜の作製方法 |
US4879568A (en) * | 1987-01-10 | 1989-11-07 | Am International, Inc. | Droplet deposition apparatus |
US4992808A (en) * | 1987-01-10 | 1991-02-12 | Xaar Limited | Multi-channel array, pulsed droplet deposition apparatus |
JPS6473069A (en) | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-17 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | Production of aluminum nitride film |
DE68921091T2 (de) * | 1988-05-13 | 1995-06-14 | Xaar Ltd | Multiplexstromkreis. |
GB8824014D0 (en) * | 1988-10-13 | 1988-11-23 | Am Int | High density multi-channel array electrically pulsed droplet deposition apparatus |
US5053245A (en) | 1989-10-26 | 1991-10-01 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of improving the quality of an edge surface of a cutting device |
DE4016501C2 (de) | 1990-05-22 | 1994-06-30 | Siemens Ag | Druckkopf für Tintenstrahldrucker |
JP3139511B2 (ja) | 1990-11-09 | 2001-03-05 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | インクジェット記録ヘッド |
GB9113023D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 | 1991-08-07 | Xaar Ltd | Multi-channel arrary droplet deposition apparatus and method of manufacture thereof |
US5235352A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1993-08-10 | Compaq Computer Corporation | High density ink jet printhead |
US5406319A (en) | 1991-08-16 | 1995-04-11 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Enhanced U type ink jet printheads |
US5598196A (en) | 1992-04-21 | 1997-01-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Piezoelectric ink jet print head and method of making |
JP3052692B2 (ja) | 1993-09-30 | 2000-06-19 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 印字ヘッド及びその製造方法 |
-
1991
- 1991-06-17 GB GB919113023A patent/GB9113023D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-06-17 AT AT92911662T patent/ATE143312T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-17 BR BR9206162A patent/BR9206162A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-17 DE DE69214148T patent/DE69214148T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-17 US US08/167,894 patent/US5463414A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-17 JP JP51079492A patent/JP3211028B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-17 KR KR1019930703915A patent/KR100237073B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-06-17 WO PCT/GB1992/001085 patent/WO1992022429A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-06-17 SG SG1996003346A patent/SG46355A1/en unknown
- 1992-06-17 EP EP92911662A patent/EP0589941B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-17 CA CA002111082A patent/CA2111082A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-09-29 US US08/536,345 patent/US6991323B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-11 HK HK97101544A patent/HK1000083A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002103614A (ja) * | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-09 | Konica Corp | インクジェットヘッド |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2111082A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
US5463414A (en) | 1995-10-31 |
EP0589941A1 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
WO1992022429A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
DE69214148T2 (de) | 1997-02-20 |
EP0589941B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
JP3211028B2 (ja) | 2001-09-25 |
KR100237073B1 (ko) | 2000-01-15 |
GB9113023D0 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
KR940701340A (ko) | 1994-05-28 |
ATE143312T1 (de) | 1996-10-15 |
BR9206162A (pt) | 1994-11-22 |
SG46355A1 (en) | 1998-02-20 |
DE69214148D1 (de) | 1996-10-31 |
HK1000083A1 (en) | 1997-11-21 |
US6991323B1 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
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