JPH06288907A - Evaluation of quality of unhulled rice - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To judge the quality of unhulled rice by grinding unhulled rice before drying and irradiating the ground unhulled rice with near infrared rays to detect the quantity of near infrared rays and using the detected value in the judgment of quality. CONSTITUTION:Unhulled rice is ground into a predetermined particle size by a cyclone mill and the ground one is received in a sample cell 8 to be placed on a turntable 7. The light from a light source 1 becomes parallel light and passes through an aperture 3 to be devided by a chopper wheel 4 to become monochromatic light by the optical filter 5a of a filter wheel 5. The monochromatic light is applied to a standard reflecting plate 9 to be detected by a light detector 4 to be measured by devices on and after an amplifier 11. Next, the irradiation of the cell 8 with the monochromatic light (near infrared rays) is performed and the particle size distribution and diffused reflected light of a sample are measured at the wavelength of the filter 5a. This energy is converted by an A/D converter 12 and light absorbancy is calculated from the ratio with the energy of the reflecting plate 9 by an operation circuit 13.3-4 proper absorbance data are applied to a discrimination function to discriminate the kind of the sample and each component content is calculated to be displayed on a display.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for determining the quality of paddy rice,
In particular, the present invention relates to a method for evaluating quality of unhulled rice, which is prepared by crushing unhulled rice (unhulled rice) before dry preparation, irradiating the hull powder with near-infrared rays, detecting the amount of light, and determining the quality based on the value.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an era in which the quality of rice is being questioned, not only the quality of appearance that has been measured by traditional inspection methods, but also the quality of the inside (contents), especially those with a good taste, are required. . By the way, up to now, since the raw rice has a high water content, it has not been possible to quickly perform the measurement by a near infrared analyzer. That is, in the conventional determination method, dried paddy is hulled by a paddy huller, and dried brown rice or its polished rice is crushed and subjected to a near-infrared analyzer to measure quality evaluation values related to components and taste. As such a rice taste evaluation method, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4
No. 3,359,137 is known.

[0003]

The above-mentioned evaluation methods of the prior art do not pose a problem when determining the quality when shipping brown rice or when evaluating the quality of milled rice in the distribution stage. In the case of quality sorting and price calculation of raw paddy at the time of receiving raw paddy at the preparation facility, there will be a problem in giving guidance to farmers on farming. Generally, in a rice drying and preparation facility, a voluntary test for determining the grade of rice and a sale are performed by pool calculation, and therefore, a voluntary inspection device and a quality judgment device for measuring appearance quality are used for the verification. However, as for the inner appearance quality and the taste-related evaluation value, not only are there many cumbersome operations such as drying, hulling, and rice polishing, but the results are too long to reflect and the results have not been measured.

Therefore, the taste quality is not reflected in the drying plan, and there is a problem that both delicious rice and bad rice are mixed before drying and preparation. Furthermore, there are drawbacks such as the need for an expensive and cumbersome voluntary verification device for calculating the dry preparation charge, and the fact that measurement results cannot be obtained quickly. In addition, since the paddy from the farmers was accepted as it was, the maturity was not uniform and no instruction was given at the proper cutting time. Therefore, the present invention, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, rice components and taste-related evaluation values at the stage of raw rice, brown rice which becomes a problem during dry preparation,
The purpose is to measure the rate of polished rice, the maturity of paddy, etc. without using expensive equipment and at the earliest possible time.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized by having the following means. A step of crushing the unpolished rice before drying and preparation with the rotating disk-shaped scattering blades in the circumferential direction together with the swirling air and colliding with the wall surface around the circumference. A step of supplying the rice crushed in the above step to a near infrared analyzer. In the near-infrared analyzer, the paddy powder obtained in the step, the transmitted light amount obtained by irradiating near-infrared light of one or more wavelengths, the detection value such as the reflected light amount, another sample in advance Obtained from the detection value obtained by irradiating the rice flour that has undergone the above steps with near infrared light using a group, and the component value or quality evaluation value of dry brown rice or dry milled rice corresponding to each rice flour A step of predicting and calculating the component value and / or the quality evaluation value of the dry brown rice or the dry milled rice from the rice flour before the dry preparation by applying it to the calibration curve.

In addition to the above steps, in the present invention, the quality evaluation value is a taste chemical value of cooked rice and / or a physicochemical measurement value highly correlated with the taste sensory value,
The quality evaluation value is a hulling rate and / or a rice polishing rate, and the quality evaluation value is a maturity coefficient having a high correlation with an appropriate cutting period.

[0007]

The quality evaluation method for paddy rice according to the present invention has the following effects. Generally, in a near-infrared analyzer, if the product (sample) to be measured has a high water content, the absorption of near-infrared rays becomes large, and it becomes difficult to measure the components of the sample and related quality evaluation values. Further, it is important for the near-infrared analyzer that the sample to be measured has a certain powder form, but conventionally, there has been no crushing method for converting a high-moisture sample into a powder having a uniform particle size.
Therefore, the rice hulls are blown in the circumferential direction together with the wind by a rotary blade having a plurality of ribs that rotate at high speed, and are passed through a predetermined screen by colliding with the wall surface around the circumference, whereby the rice husk powder and the brown rice powder are separated. It was discovered that a powder having a uniform mixture and a uniform particle size was obtained, and the amount of air generated by high-speed rotation quickly dried the fine powder to obtain a powder having a water content suitable for measurement by a near infrared analyzer.

When the powder obtained as described above is supplied to a near-infrared analyzer for measurement, a quality evaluation value due to raw rice can be obtained with high accuracy. Generally, a near-infrared analyzer takes a target variable, for example, a protein that is one of the components, takes absorbance as a dependent variable, creates a calibration curve by multiple regression analysis, and measures the target sample with the calibration curve. Then, for example, it is known that the amount of protein, which is one of the components, can be predicted and measured.

The dependent variable of the present invention is the absorbance of the raw rice obtained by the crushing method according to the present invention, and the objective variable is the taste sensory value of cooked rice and / or a physicochemical measurement value highly correlated with the taste sensory value, the hulling rate and Or, the maturity coefficient is highly correlated with the rice polishing rate and the appropriate cutting time. Each of the above will be described in detail.

It is a physicochemical measurement value such as a protein of the polished rice that is obtained by drying the raw paddy, polishing the rice, and polishing the rice, a sensory functional value obtained by cooking the polished rice, and an iodine coloration degree or a texturometer having a high correlation with the sensory sensory value. The taste-related measured values are promptly measured and predicted from the raw paddy with a calibration curve obtained in advance. When the raw rice is dried and hulled, it is the weight ratio of brown rice to the weight of the paddy, that is, the rate of hulled rice, and the weight ratio of the milled rice obtained when the rice is polished from brown rice, that is, the rate of polished rice (polished yield). The obtained calibration curve is used to quickly measure and predict those rates from raw rice. The maturity coefficient is the degree of yellowing of paddy and the rate of unripe rice of brown rice, and the calibration curve obtained in advance measures and predicts the degree of yellowing and unripe rice of brown rice rapidly.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the apparatus used in the method for evaluating the quality of paddy rice according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an optical system and a control system of the near-infrared analyzer. Reference numeral 1 is a light source made of a tungsten halogen lamp, 2 is a lens for collecting light from the light source 1 as parallel lines, and 3 is a lens. It is an aperture that allows the light condensed by 2 to pass downward. Below the aperture 3, a chopper wheel 4 that rotates in the direction of the arrow is provided. Below this chopper wheel 4, a plurality of (10 in the drawing) optical filters 5a, 5a ... A drawer 6 that can be opened and closed and taken in and out is provided with a sample cell 8 containing a sample to be placed on a turntable 7 provided so as to rotate in a predetermined direction, a standard reflection plate 9 made of ceramics, and the like. .

Between the filter wheel 5 and the turntable 7 or the standard reflection plate 9, the diffuse reflection light reflected from the powdery sample (sample) contained in the sample cell 8 and the standard reflection plate 9 are provided. A photodetector (made of PbS) 10 for detecting the reflected light is obliquely arranged. Photo detector 1
The reflected light detected at 0 is the amplifier 11 and the A / D converter 1
2. The calculation circuit 13 calculates and analyzes the data, and displays it on the display 14. Further, the photodetector 10 is provided with a cooler.

Then, the sample cell 8 containing the sample is placed on the turntable 7, the sample in the sample cell 8 is irradiated with near infrared rays, and the reflected light from the standard reflection plate 9 and the sample is measured. The absorbance of the sample is calculated from the ratio of the data of 1., the appropriate multiple (3-4) absorbance data is applied to the discriminant function to discriminate the type of sample, and the calibration curve to be used is automatically selected according to the discrimination result. The absorbance data is substituted into the calibration curve to calculate the content of each component, and the result is displayed and printed. The standard reflection plate 9 is always placed at a position where the near infrared rays from the optical filter 5a are emitted.

Items which can be measured by this near infrared analyzer are rice, barley, corn, cottonseed, milo, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, wheat (flour), gluten, starch, butter, cheese, milk powder, cocoa, beef. , Pork, tea, etc. The near infrared rays used in this analyzer are in the range of 1200 nm to 2500 nm. Further, as the standard reflection plate 9, a special ceramic plate showing a uniform reflectance over the entire near infrared region is used. The calibration curve is a graph that summarizes the interrelationship between two measured values. The calibration curve is expressed as a mathematical expression in the form of a relational expression that calculates the component concentration from absorbance. There is.

In the near infrared analyzer, the near infrared analyzer is key-operated to select the calibration curve number of the sample to be measured, and the sample cell 8 containing the sample is placed on the turntable 7. Close the drawer 6, irradiate the sample in the sample cell 8 with near-infrared light, measure the reflected light, calculate the absorbance of the sample from the data of the reflected light, and select an appropriate value from 3 to 5
Apply the two absorbance data to the discriminant function to discriminate the particle size of the sample, compare with the appropriate particle size registered in advance for each selected calibration curve number, and if the particle size is correct, substitute the absorbance data into the calibration curve and The component contents are calculated and displayed / printed, and when the particle size is incorrect, an error code indicating that is displayed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a cyclone mill 20 for crushing a sample (sample) supplied to the sample cell 8 has a motor 2 at a lower position in a main body case 21.
2 is attached and turned on and off by the switch 23. The output shaft 22a of the motor 22 is located at the upper transmission chamber 2
4, a drive pulley 25 is attached, and power is transmitted from the drive pulley 25 to an idler pulley 26 via a belt transmission system, and power is transmitted from the idler pulley 26 to an impeller drive pulley 27 via a belt 28. It is like this. The idler pulley 26 is supported by a tension block 29, and the tension between the drive pulley 25 and the idler pulley 26 and the tension of the belt 28 are adjusted by a tension adjusting screw 29 a protruding from the tension block 29 to the outside of the main body case 21. It is supposed to be done.

A crushing chamber 30 is provided above the transmission chamber 24. In the grinding chamber 30, the impeller drive pulley 27
The impeller 31 driven to rotate in the horizontal direction by the crusher, the crushing ring 32 made of tungsten carbide provided on the outer peripheral wall surface of the impeller 31, the cyclone inlet 33 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the crushing ring 32, and the crushing ring 32.
Is provided in the cyclone communication port 33a that communicates with the cyclone introduction port 33, and is configured by a screen 34 that can be replaced with a different mesh. Screen 3
4, the mesh is, for example, φ2 mm, φ1 mm, φ0.5
mm, etc. are prepared and are exchanged if necessary.
The impeller 31 is rotated at a high speed of 10400 to 12600 rpm.

The crushing chamber 30 is airtightly covered by a cover body 36 which is attachable and detachable by a clamper 35. The cover body 36 is provided with a sample to be crushed (impeller 3).
1, a sample supply unit 37 for supplying liquid to the No. 1 unit, a cyclone air filter 38, and the like are provided. A cyclone main body 39 is provided downward from the cyclone inlet 33 along the outer circumference of the main body case 21, and below the outlet 39a of the cyclone main body 39, a crushed sample collection container 41 supported by a support spring 40 so as to be vertically movable. It is provided. Body case 21
A large number of heat radiation windows 42 are opened in a portion of the portion accommodating the motor 22 near the transmission chamber 24 so that heat generated from the motor 22 is not transmitted to the crushing chamber 30.

The cyclone mill 20 constructed in this way
In, samples of measured grains, such as raw rice, brown rice,
White rice or the like is crushed to a predetermined particle size by selecting and replacing the screen 34, and the crushed sample is placed in the sample cell 8 of the near infrared analyzer and placed on the turntable 7. Light source 1
The light from the lens is converted into parallel rays by the lens 2 and is periodically divided by the chopper wheel 4 rotating through the aperture 3, and then the optical filter 5 of the filter wheel 5 is used.
Highly pure monochromatic light (near infrared light) is obtained by a. The monochromatic light is first irradiated onto the standard reflection plate 9, and the reflected energy (light) serving as a reference is detected by the photodetector 10 and measured by the device including the amplifier 11 and the like. This measurement is performed for all the optical filters 5a (actually 6 or 10) by automatically and sequentially switching the filters 5a of the filter wheel 5.

Next, the sample cell 8 is irradiated with monochromatic light, and the particle size distribution of the sample and the diffuse reflection energy (light) from the sample are measured at the wavelength of each optical filter 5a. The measured reflected energy is A
The / D converter 12 converts the signal into a digital signal, and the arithmetic circuit 13 calculates the absorbance from the ratio with the reflection energy of the standard reflection plate 9. Then, appropriate 3 to 4 absorbance data is applied to the discriminant function to determine the type of sample, the calibration curve to be used is automatically selected according to the determination result, and the absorbance data is substituted into the calibration curve to contain each component. The amount is calculated based on the calibration curve regression formula, and immediately displayed on the display 14 and printed.

When measuring the particle size of a sample,
The near-infrared analyzer is operated by a key to select the calibration curve number of the sample to be measured, the sample cell 8 containing the sample is placed on the turntable 7, the drawer 6 is closed, and the sample in the sample cell 8 is closed. The near-infrared ray is irradiated onto the light and the reflected light is detected by the photodetector 10. The absorbance of the sample is calculated from the data of the reflected light by the device below the amplifier 11, and the appropriate 3 to 5 absorbance data is applied to the discriminant function to discriminate the particle size of the sample, and in advance for each selected calibration curve number. If the particle size is correct by comparing with the registered appropriate particle size, the absorbance data is substituted into the calibration curve to calculate the content of each component and displayed / printed on the display unit 14. If the particle size is not correct, Is displayed on the display unit 14 with an error code that means.

The screen 34 in the cyclone mill 20 for crushing the sample is selected by exchanging the screens 34 having different meshes. For example, φ2 mm for soybean, φ1 mm for tea, and φ0.5 mm for brown rice are used.
At this time, the operator may mistakenly select the wrong screen. Therefore, when selecting the calibration curve, operate the keyboard of the near infrared analyzer to select the calibration curve number (N
I call it in o). For example, calibration curve No1
Is registered as tea, No2 as paddy, No3 as brown rice, and No4 as white rice. In addition, the sample name is also displayed on the display 14 to prevent mistakes.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are graphs showing the results of the thus-measured analysis and the results of the conventional chemical analysis in which the protein content predictions for brown rice and white rice are compared. As is clear from this graph, the measurement results by the near-infrared analyzer have almost no difference from the analysis results by the conventional chemical analysis method, indicating that the measurement by the near-infrared analyzer has sufficient practicality. Have proved.

[0024]

As described above, according to the method for evaluating the quality of paddy rice of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. Conventionally, it took a long time to dry the raw rice, and the quality judgment was delayed due to the work of hulling and rice polishing. Since it is possible to know the rate that is closely related to the price and the price, it is easy to make a drying plan such as quality classification, it is possible to prevent the quality of the whole grain from being deteriorated by mixing different quality paddy rice, and it is even easier to make the hulling rate. Since the rice polishing rate can be known, the dry preparation fee can be calculated more quickly and at a lower cost than the conventional method for determining the quality of rice, which requires a long time using a device, which is very effective and labor-saving.

Further, since the maturity coefficient can be measured and predicted at the paddy stage in the field, the mowing time can be accurately and promptly instructed to the farmer, and the grain to be received at the drying facility can be matured. Goods can be brought in for high quality production.
From the above, it is possible to meet the market demand for low price and high quality polarization of rice.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side sectional view of a cyclone mill.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the impeller portion.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cyclone portion.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an optical system and a control system of the near infrared analyzer.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison between near-infrared analysis for predicting the content rate of brown rice protein by the logarithmic value of raw rice flour and chemical analysis.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of near-infrared analysis for predicting the content rate of white rice protein with a logarithmic value of raw rice flour and chemical analysis.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Light Source (Tungsten Halogen Lamp) 2 Lens 3 Aperture 4 Chopper Wheel 5 Filter Wheel 5a Optical Filter 6 Drawer 7 Turntable 8 Sample Cell 9 Standard Reflector (Ceramic) 10 Photodetector 11 Amplifier 12 A / D Converter 13 Computational Circuit 14 Indicator 20 Cyclone Mill 21 Body Case 22 Motor 22a Output Shaft 23 Switch 24 Transmission Chamber 25 Drive Pulley 26 Idler Pulley 27 Impeller Drive Pulley 28 Belt 29 Tension Block 29a Tension Adjustment Screw 30 Grinding Chamber 31 Impeller 32 Grinding Ring 33 Cyclone Inlet 33a Cyclone communication port 34 Screen 35 Clamper 36 Cover body 37 Sample supply unit 38 Cyclone air filter 39 Cyclone body 39a Cyclone body Outlet 40 support springs 41 ground sample collection container 42 radiating window

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for evaluating the quality of unhulled rice, comprising the following steps A to C. A Step of crushing the unhulled rice before drying and preparation with the rotating disk-shaped scattering blades in the circumferential direction together with the swirling air and colliding it with the wall surface around the circumference to crush it, B The near-infrared light of the rice crushed in the above step Step of supplying to the analyzer, C The transmitted light amount, reflected light amount, etc. obtained by irradiating the rice flour obtained in the above step with near infrared light of one or a plurality of wavelengths in the above near infrared analyzer Detected values obtained by irradiating the rice flour that has undergone the above steps A and B with near infrared light using different sample groups in advance, and dried brown rice or dried milled rice corresponding to each rice flour The step of predicting and calculating the component value and / or the quality evaluation value of the dry brown rice or the dry milled rice from the rice flour before the dry preparation by applying it to the calibration curve obtained from the component value or the quality evaluation value of.