JPH06251920A - Rare earth element permanent magnet - Google Patents
Rare earth element permanent magnetInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06251920A JPH06251920A JP5062714A JP6271493A JPH06251920A JP H06251920 A JPH06251920 A JP H06251920A JP 5062714 A JP5062714 A JP 5062714A JP 6271493 A JP6271493 A JP 6271493A JP H06251920 A JPH06251920 A JP H06251920A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rare earth
- permanent magnet
- peak
- earth element
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は希土類元素（Ｒ）、遷移
金属（Ｔ）、ほう素（Ｂ）を主成分とする希土類永久磁
石に関するものであり、特に含有酸素量及び含有酸素の
存在状態が一定に規定されて、高磁気特性を備える希土
類永久磁石に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rare earth permanent magnet containing a rare earth element (R), a transition metal (T), and a boron (B) as main components, and particularly to the amount of oxygen contained and the state of existence of oxygen contained therein. The present invention relates to a rare earth permanent magnet having a constant magnetic field and high magnetic properties.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】知られるように希土類元素（Ｒ）、遷移
金属（Ｔ）、ほう素（Ｂ）を主成分とする希土類永久磁
石は極めて高い磁気特性を示すことから、各種用途に適
用されており、中でもＮｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ系永久磁石は４５
ＭＧＯｅにも達する最大エネルギー積（ＢＨ）ｍａｘを
有して、抜群の磁気特性を示すことから、最も強力な永
久磁石として種々の分野への適用が試みられている。2. Description of the Related Art As is known, rare earth permanent magnets containing rare earth elements (R), transition metals (T), and boron (B) as the main components exhibit extremely high magnetic properties, and are therefore applied to various applications. In particular, the Nd-Fe-B system permanent magnet is 45
Since it has a maximum energy product (BH) max reaching MGOe and exhibits outstanding magnetic properties, it has been attempted to be applied to various fields as the most powerful permanent magnet.
【０００３】ところで、上述のＮｄ系を代表とする希土
類永久磁石にあってはその酸素含有量が磁気特性に及ぼ
す影響が極めて大きく、酸素含有量を可能な限り低くし
て磁気特性を向上する試みが進められている。By the way, in the rare earth permanent magnets represented by the above-mentioned Nd system, the oxygen content thereof has a great influence on the magnetic characteristics, and an attempt to improve the magnetic characteristics by making the oxygen content as low as possible. Is being promoted.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上の従来の各種試み
における希土類磁石の製造方法及びその製造方法によっ
て得られる希土類永久磁石については次のような問題が
あった。すなわち、実際の希土類永久磁石では単に含有
酸素量だけで磁気特性が左右されるわけではなく、含有
酸素の存在状態の如何によっても、磁気特性が影響され
る。したがって、単に含有酸素量を低減するだけでは磁
気特性の向上に限界があるという問題があった。The method for producing a rare earth magnet in the above various conventional trials and the rare earth permanent magnet obtained by the method have the following problems. That is, in an actual rare earth permanent magnet, the magnetic characteristics do not depend only on the oxygen content, but the magnetic characteristics are affected by the existing state of the oxygen content. Therefore, there is a problem that there is a limit to the improvement of the magnetic characteristics by simply reducing the oxygen content.
【０００５】したがって本発明は以上の従来技術におけ
る問題に鑑みてなされたものであって、含有酸素の存在
状態を定量的に規定することにより磁気特性を向上する
ことを目的とする。Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to improve the magnetic characteristics by quantitatively defining the existing state of oxygen contained.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】以上の課題を達成するた
めに本発明者は永久磁石に対する電子線照射による線分
析に着目し、その線分析によって得られるデータに基づ
き希土類永久磁石が含有する酸素及び含有酸素の存在状
態を一定に規定するようにすれば、良好な磁気特性を備
える希土類永久磁石が得られることを見出し本発明を創
出するに至った。In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor has focused on line analysis by electron beam irradiation on a permanent magnet, and based on data obtained by the line analysis, oxygen contained in the rare earth permanent magnet. Further, it has been found that a rare earth permanent magnet having good magnetic characteristics can be obtained by constantly defining the existing state of the contained oxygen and the present invention has been created.
【０００７】すなわち本発明の希土類永久磁石は、希土
類元素（Ｒ）、遷移金属（Ｔ）、ほう素（Ｂ）を主成分
とする希土類永久磁石において、Ｒ量を２８〜３１wt%
とし、電子線照射による線分析におけるＲピークの中
で、Ｏ2ピークと重複しないピークが全Ｒピークの１／
４以上であることを特徴とする。That is, the rare earth permanent magnet of the present invention is a rare earth permanent magnet containing a rare earth element (R), a transition metal (T) and boron (B) as main components, and the R content is 28 to 31 wt%.
Among the R peaks in the line analysis by electron beam irradiation, peaks that do not overlap with the O 2 peak are
It is characterized by being 4 or more.
【０００８】本発明においてＲ量を２８〜３１wt%とす
るのは、Ｒ量が３１wt%を越えると高い磁気特性を得る
ことが困難であるからであり、また２８wt%未満である
と焼結が困難となるからである。In the present invention, the R amount is set to 28 to 31 wt% because it is difficult to obtain high magnetic characteristics when the R amount exceeds 31 wt%, and when the R amount is less than 28 wt%, the sintering is not performed. It will be difficult.
【０００９】Ｂ量は、０．９〜１．３wt%の範囲とする
ことが望ましい。０．９wt%未満では保磁力が不足し、
１．３wt%を越えると残留磁束密度が低下するからであ
る。前記遷移金属（Ｔ）として鉄（Ｆｅ）を、また前記
希土類元素（Ｒ）としてネオジム（Ｎｄ）を選択すれば
最も高い磁気特性を得ることができる。The amount of B is preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.3 wt%. If it is less than 0.9 wt%, the coercive force will be insufficient,
This is because the residual magnetic flux density decreases if it exceeds 1.3 wt%. The highest magnetic characteristics can be obtained by selecting iron (Fe) as the transition metal (T) and neodymium (Nd) as the rare earth element (R).
【００１０】電子線照射による線分析には、例えばＥＰ
ＭＡ（電子線マイクロアナライザ）が適用される。かか
るＥＰＭＡによれば電子線で試料表面を走査することに
より、試料表面における元素の２次元分布が観測され
る。すなわち電子線を照射することによって試料表面か
らでてくる特性Ｘ線の波長から試料が含有する元素の種
類が特定され、一方その強度から元素の含有量が特定さ
れる。For line analysis by electron beam irradiation, for example, EP
MA (electron beam microanalyzer) is applied. According to such EPMA, the two-dimensional distribution of elements on the sample surface is observed by scanning the sample surface with an electron beam. That is, the type of element contained in the sample is specified from the wavelength of the characteristic X-ray emitted from the sample surface by irradiating the electron beam, while the content of the element is specified from the intensity thereof.
【００１１】したがって、試料表面を電子線により走査
して同一位置において異なる元素の存在を示す複数の波
長のＸ線が観測される場合には、その位置においてそれ
らの元素の存在が確認される。Therefore, when X-rays having a plurality of wavelengths indicating the existence of different elements are observed at the same position by scanning the sample surface with an electron beam, the existence of those elements is confirmed at that position.
【００１２】前記Ｒピークとは、Ｒを示す波長のＸ線が
観測されるピークであり、かかるピークによりその位置
におけるＲの存在が示される。同様に前記Ｏピークは、
Ｏを示す波長のＸ線が観測されるピークであり、かかる
ピークによりその位置におけるＯの存在が示される。Ｒ
ピークの中で、Ｏピークと重複しないピークとはＯピー
クが観測されない位置で示されるＲピークである。The R peak is a peak at which an X-ray having a wavelength showing R is observed, and the peak indicates the presence of R at that position. Similarly, the O peak is
This is a peak at which an X-ray having a wavelength indicating O is observed, and such a peak indicates the presence of O at that position. R
Among the peaks, the peak that does not overlap with the O peak is the R peak shown at the position where the O peak is not observed.
【００１３】本発明ではかかるＯピークと重複しないＲ
ピークが全Ｒピークの１／４以上となるようにして、希
土類磁石が製造される。ここでＯピークと重複しないＲ
ピークが全Ｒピークの１／４以上となるようにするの
は、かかるピークが全Ｒピークの１／４未満である場合
には、得られる希土類磁石中のＲの酸化物が過剰とな
り、磁気特性が悪化するからである。In the present invention, R that does not overlap with the O peak is used.
The rare earth magnet is manufactured so that the peak is 1/4 or more of all R peaks. Where R does not overlap with O peak
The peak is set to be 1/4 or more of the total R peak so that when the peak is less than 1/4 of the total R peak, the oxide of R in the obtained rare earth magnet becomes excessive and the This is because the characteristics deteriorate.
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例について図面を参照し
て説明する。 実施例１ 純度９５wt%以上のＦｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｂを所定の重量秤量
し、これらを真空溶解して重量１０ｋｇのインゴットを
作成した。このインゴットの成分分析を行うと重量比で
Ｎｄ２８.９％、Ｂ１.０５％、残部不純物およびＦｅの
組成であった。このインゴットをハンマーで解砕した
後、さらに粗粉砕機を用い不活性ガス雰囲気中での粗粉
砕を行い５００μｍ以下の粒度の粗粉砕を得た。この粗
粉を同じくジェットミルを用い不活性ガス雰囲気で微粉
砕をして微粉末を得た。この微粉末は平均粒径４．０μ
ｍ（Ｆ．Ｓ．Ｓ．Ｓ）であった。この粉末を配向磁場強
度１５ＫＯｅ、成形圧力１．５ｔｏｎ／ｃｍ2の条件下
で磁場中プレス成形し、２０×２０×１５（ｍｍ）の成
形体を作成した。この成形体を真空中で１０８０℃×３
Ｈｒの焼結を行い、得られた焼結体に熱処理を施した。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Example 1 Fe, Nd, and B having a purity of 95 wt% or more were weighed in a predetermined amount and vacuum-melted to prepare an ingot having a weight of 10 kg. When the composition of this ingot was analyzed, it was found that the weight ratio was Nd 28.9%, B 1.05%, the composition of the balance impurities and Fe. After crushing this ingot with a hammer, it was further crushed in an inert gas atmosphere using a crusher to obtain a crushed powder having a particle size of 500 μm or less. This coarse powder was finely pulverized in the same inert gas atmosphere using a jet mill to obtain fine powder. This fine powder has an average particle size of 4.0μ.
m (FSSS). This powder was press-molded in a magnetic field under the conditions of an orientation magnetic field strength of 15 KOe and a molding pressure of 1.5 ton / cm 2 to prepare a 20 × 20 × 15 (mm) molded body. This molded body is vacuumed at 1080 ° C x 3
Hr was sintered, and the obtained sintered body was heat-treated.
【００１５】以上のようにして得られた４種の焼結体に
つき含有酸素量及び磁気特性を調査した。結果を表１に
示す。なお、表１中の独立Ｒ率とは、ＥＰＭＡによる線
分析におけるＮｄピークの中で、Ｏ2ピークと重複しな
いピークが全Ｎｄピークに占める率を示している。ま
た、表１中のＮｏ.２および３のＥＰＭＡによる線分析
の結果をそれぞれ図１及び図２に示す。図１及び図２の
○印によって示されるピークがＯ2ピークと重複しない
Ｒピークである。表１より、独立Ｒ率が高いＮｏ.１、
２の磁気特性が優れることがわかる。The oxygen content and magnetic properties of the four types of sintered bodies obtained as described above were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1. The independent R ratio in Table 1 indicates the ratio of the peaks that do not overlap with the O 2 peak among all Nd peaks in the line analysis by EPMA. Further, the results of the line analysis by EPMA of Nos. 2 and 3 in Table 1 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. The peaks indicated by the circles in FIGS. 1 and 2 are R peaks that do not overlap with the O 2 peak. From Table 1, No. 1 with high independent R rate,
It can be seen that the magnetic property of 2 is excellent.
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】実施例２ 他は実施例１と同様にして、重量比でＮｄ３０.６wt%、
Ｂ１.０３％、残部不純物およびＦｅの組成のインゴッ
ト、重量比でＮｄ３３.２wt%、Ｂ１.０６％、残部不純
物およびＦｅの組成のインゴットを用いて得られた焼結
体につき含有酸素量、独立Ｒ率及び磁気特性を調査し
た。結果を表２に示す。表２から明らかなように、本発
明にかかる永久磁石は従来例に比べて高い磁気特性を有
している。Example 2 Others were the same as Example 1, except that Nd was 30.6 wt% in weight ratio.
B1.03%, residual impurities and Fe composition ingot, weight ratio Nd33.2 wt%, B1.06%, oxygen content in the sintered body obtained using the remaining impurities and Fe composition ingot, independent The R ratio and magnetic properties were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. As is clear from Table 2, the permanent magnet according to the present invention has higher magnetic characteristics than the conventional example.
【００１８】[0018]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、高い磁気
特性を有する希土類永久磁石を製造することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a rare earth permanent magnet having high magnetic characteristics.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】 本発明の実施例により得られた焼結体のＥＰ
ＭＡによる線分析結果を示す図である。FIG. 1 EP of a sintered body obtained according to an example of the present invention
It is a figure which shows the line analysis result by MA.
【図２】 従来例の焼結体のＥＰＭＡによる線分析結果
を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a EPMA line analysis result of a sintered body of a conventional example.
Claims (3)
う素（Ｂ）を主成分とする希土類永久磁石において、Ｒ
量を２８〜３１wt%とし、電子線照射による線分析にお
けるＲピークの中で、酸素（Ｏ2）ピークと重複しない
ピークが全Ｒピークの１／４以上であることを特徴とす
る希土類永久磁石。1. A rare earth permanent magnet containing a rare earth element (R), a transition metal (T) and boron (B) as main components, wherein R
The rare earth permanent magnet is characterized in that the amount is 28 to 31 wt% and the peaks that do not overlap with the oxygen (O 2 ) peak among the R peaks in the line analysis by electron beam irradiation are 1/4 or more of the total R peaks. .
請求項１記載の希土類永久磁石。2. The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal (T) is iron (Fe).
ｄ）である請求項１または請求項２記載の希土類永久磁
石。3. The rare earth element (R) is neodymium (N).
The rare earth permanent magnet according to claim 1 or 2, which is d).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5062714A JPH06251920A (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Rare earth element permanent magnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5062714A JPH06251920A (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Rare earth element permanent magnet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06251920A true JPH06251920A (en) | 1994-09-09 |
Family
ID=13208283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5062714A Pending JPH06251920A (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | Rare earth element permanent magnet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06251920A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106205919A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2016-12-07 | 北京大学 | Use the method that nanometer two-phase composite permanent-magnetic material is quickly prepared in electron beam heating |
| CN111554504A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 北京大学 | Nano-scale textured rare earth permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof |
-
1993
- 1993-02-26 JP JP5062714A patent/JPH06251920A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106205919A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2016-12-07 | 北京大学 | Use the method that nanometer two-phase composite permanent-magnetic material is quickly prepared in electron beam heating |
| CN111554504A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 北京大学 | Nano-scale textured rare earth permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof |
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