JPH06100993A - Permanent magnet material - Google Patents
Permanent magnet materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06100993A JPH06100993A JP4251689A JP25168992A JPH06100993A JP H06100993 A JPH06100993 A JP H06100993A JP 4251689 A JP4251689 A JP 4251689A JP 25168992 A JP25168992 A JP 25168992A JP H06100993 A JPH06100993 A JP H06100993A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- elements
- present
- rare earth
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は新規な永久磁石、特に希
土類−鉄−Ｍ−炭素系（以下「Ｒ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系」と
いう）永久磁石材料に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel permanent magnet, and more particularly to a rare earth-iron-M-carbon (hereinafter referred to as "R-Fe-MC") permanent magnet material.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】永久磁石としては従来Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｃｏ
磁石、Ａｌ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅを主成分とするア
ルニコ磁石、Ｆｅの酸化物を主成分とするハードフェラ
イト磁石、Ｓｍを含む希土類コバルト磁石、Ｎｄを含む
Ｎｄ−Ｆｅ−Ｂ磁石が代表的なものとして知られてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Conventional permanent magnets are Fe--Cr--Co.
A magnet, an Alnico magnet containing Al, Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe as a main component, a hard ferrite magnet containing an oxide of Fe as a main component, a rare earth cobalt magnet containing Sm, and an Nd-Fe-B magnet containing Nd are typical. It is known as
【０００３】但し、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｃｏ磁石やアルニコ磁
石や希土類コバルト磁石に使用されるＣｏの原料事情が
不安定化し、また希土類磁石に使用される希土類元素の
埋蔵量は少なく極めて高価である等の理由によりハード
フェライト磁石が永久磁石の主流を占めている。However, the situation of the raw material of Co used in Fe—Cr—Co magnets, alnico magnets and rare earth cobalt magnets becomes unstable, and the reserve amount of rare earth elements used in rare earth magnets is small and extremely expensive. For this reason, hard ferrite magnets occupy the mainstream of permanent magnets.
【０００４】フェライト磁石は最も一般的に使用されて
いる磁石である。残留磁束密度（Ｂｒ）が最大４ＫＧ、
保磁力（ｉＨｃ）が最大４ＫＯｅである（特公昭５８−
４１６４５）。Ferrite magnets are the most commonly used magnets. Maximum residual magnetic flux density (Br) is 4KG,
The maximum coercive force (iHc) is 4 KOe (Japanese Patent Publication 58-
41645).
【０００５】高価なＣｏを１５〜３５重量％含むＦｅ−
Ｃｒ−Ｃｏ磁石、アルニコ磁石のＢｒは１０ＫＧ以上、
ｉＨｃは１ＫＯｅ程度である（特公昭５７−２３７４
７、特公昭５４−４３４５０）。Fe-containing 15 to 35% by weight of expensive Co
The Br of the Cr-Co magnet and the alnico magnet is 10 KG or more,
iHc is about 1 KOe (Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-2374).
7, Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-43450).
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したフェライト磁
石はｉＨｃは大きいがＢｒが４ＫＧと小さい。Ｆｅ−Ｃ
ｒ−Ｃｏ磁石、アルニコ磁石は高価なＣｏを１５〜３５
重量％も含み、Ｂｒは１０ＫＧ以上と大きいがｉＨｃが
１ＫＯｅ程度と小さい。ｉＨｃの小さい磁石は減磁しや
すく、しかもいわゆる軽薄短小、例えばＦＭ型ステッピ
ングモーター等には向かず汎用性に乏しい。The above ferrite magnet has a large iHc but a small Br of 4 KG. Fe-C
The r-Co magnet and the alnico magnet contain expensive Co of 15 to 35
Including weight%, Br is as large as 10 KG or more, but iHc is small as about 1 KOe. A magnet having a small iHc is easily demagnetized, and is not suitable for a so-called light, thin, short and small type, for example, an FM type stepping motor or the like, and is not versatile.
【０００７】かくて、本発明の目的は安定供給の面から
難点のあるコバルトを含まず、フェライト磁石のＢｒ以
上つまり４ＫＧ以上、アルニコ、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｃｏ磁石
のｉＨｃ以上、つまり１ＫＯｅ以上、好ましくは４ＫＯ
ｅ以上の磁気特性を有する、実用的で汎用性に富む永久
磁石材料を提供することにある。Thus, the object of the present invention does not include cobalt, which is difficult in terms of stable supply, and is Br or more, that is, 4 KG or more of ferrite magnets, iHc or more, that is, 1 KOe or more, of alnico and Fe-Cr-Co magnets, preferably. Is 4KO
The object of the present invention is to provide a practical and versatile permanent magnet material having magnetic characteristics of e or higher.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】近年Ｆｅ系化合物にＣ、
Ｎ、Ｂのような侵入型元素が入ると磁気特性が変化する
ことがわかってきた。そこで本発明者は多くのＦｅ系化
合物に侵入型元素を入れた結果、鉄にラーベス相を形成
する特定の元素Ｍ（ＭはＺｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｍ
ｏ、Ｗの１種または２種以上）にＣを加えるとともに希
土類元素Ｒ（ＲはＹを含む希土類元素の１種または２種
以上）を少量添加することにより特に保磁力が改善され
た永久磁石材料を提供しうることを見出し、本発明に至
ったものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] In recent years, C has been added to Fe compounds.
It has been found that the magnetic characteristics change when an interstitial element such as N or B enters. Therefore, as a result of adding an interstitial element to many Fe-based compounds, the present inventors have found that a specific element M (M is Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, M) that forms a Laves phase in iron.
Permanent magnet whose coercive force is particularly improved by adding C to 1 or 2 or more of o and W) and a small amount of rare earth element R (R is 1 or 2 or more of rare earth elements including Y). The inventors of the present invention have found that they can provide materials and have reached the present invention.
【０００９】よって、本発明は、Ｒ（但し、ＲはＹを含
む希土類元素のうちの少なくとも１種または２種以
上）：１〜８ａｔ％、Ｍ（但し、ＭはＺｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｎ
ｂ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗのうち少なくとも１種または２種以
上）：１９〜３３ａｔ％、Ｃ：９〜２７ａｔ％、Ｆｅ：
残部からなることを特徴とする永久磁石材料を提供する
ものである。Therefore, in the present invention, R (where R is at least one or two or more of rare earth elements including Y): 1 to 8 at%, M (where M is Zr, Hf, N)
b, Ta, Mo, W, at least one kind or two or more kinds): 19 to 33 at%, C: 9 to 27 at%, Fe:
The present invention provides a permanent magnet material characterized by comprising the balance.
【００１０】以下、本発明について詳しく説明する。The present invention will be described in detail below.
【００１１】本発明の永久磁石材料ではイットリウムＹ
を含む希土類元素Ｒを用いるがその量は極力少量とし１
〜８ａｔ％の範囲の量用いる。希土類元素としてはＮ
ｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｐｒ、Ｃｅ等任意の元素が用いられる。これ
らは１種単独で用いてもよく、また２種以上適宜組合わ
せて用いることもできる。In the permanent magnet material of the present invention, yttrium Y is used.
The rare earth element R containing is used, but the amount is as small as possible 1
An amount in the range of ~ 8 at% is used. N as a rare earth element
Arbitrary elements such as d, Sm, Pr and Ce are used. These may be used alone or in an appropriate combination of two or more.
【００１２】希土類元素Ｒの量を１〜８ａｔ％としたの
は、Ｒが１ａｔ％以上となると磁気特性（特に保磁力：
ｉＨｃ）がｉＨｃ≧１．０ＫＯｅとなるためである。ま
た、Ｒが８ａｔ％を超えると磁気特性のうち、残留磁束
密度：Ｂｒ、最大エネルギー積：（ＢＨ）max が低下し
てしまい、高磁気特性が得られなくなる。よって、Ｒは
１〜８ａｔ％の組成とする。好ましくは、３〜６ａｔ％
とする。The amount of the rare earth element R is set to 1 to 8 at% because the magnetic characteristics (especially coercive force: R) when R is 1 at% or more.
This is because iHc) is iHc ≧ 1.0 KOe. When R exceeds 8 at%, the residual magnetic flux density: Br and the maximum energy product: (BH) max of the magnetic properties are reduced, and high magnetic properties cannot be obtained. Therefore, R has a composition of 1 to 8 at%. Preferably 3 to 6 at%
And
【００１３】次にラーベス相を形成する元素Ｍを１９〜
３３ａｔ％の量用いる。この元素ＭとしてはＺｒ、Ｈ
ｆ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗが挙げられるが、その中１種
単独で用いてもよく２種以上適宜組合わせて用いること
もできる。これらの元素は安定的に入手することができ
る。Next, the element M for forming the Laves phase is added to 19-
Amount of 33 at% is used. The element M is Zr, H
Examples thereof include f, Nb, Ta, Mo and W. Among them, one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in an appropriate combination. These elements can be stably obtained.
【００１４】Ｍを１９〜３３ａｔ％としたのは、１９ａ
ｔ％未満となると磁気特性のうちｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）max
が低下してしまう。また、Ｍが３３ａｔ％を超えると磁
気特性のうちＢｒ、（ＢＨ）max が低下してしまう。よ
って、Ｍは１９〜３３ａｔ％の組成とする。好ましく
は、２２〜３０ａｔ％とする。The reason for M being 19 to 33 at% is 19a.
Below t%, iHc, (BH) max of magnetic characteristics
Will decrease. Further, when M exceeds 33 at%, Br and (BH) max of the magnetic characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, M has a composition of 19 to 33 at%. Preferably, it is 22 to 30 at%.
【００１５】炭素Ｃは９〜２７ａｔ％用いる。Ｃを９〜
２７ａｔ％としたのは、９ａｔ％以上のＣ添加がＢｒ≧
４．０ＫＧに寄与しているためである。また、Ｃが２７
ａｔ％を超えると逆にＢｒ＜４．０ＫＧとなってしま
う。よって、Ｃは９〜２７ａｔ％の組成とする。好まし
くは１２〜２１ａｔ％である。Carbon C is used in an amount of 9 to 27 at%. 9 to 9
The amount of 27 at% is set so that when 9 at% or more of C is added, Br ≧.
This is because it contributes to 4.0 KG. Also, C is 27
On the other hand, when it exceeds at%, Br <4.0 KG. Therefore, C has a composition of 9 to 27 at%. It is preferably 12 to 21 at%.
【００１６】Ｆｅは、磁気特性のうちＢｒ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を得るうえで必須な元素であるが、保磁力を得るため
に必要な他の３元素（Ｒ、Ｍ、Ｃ）との量的関係上、残
部組成となる。Fe is a magnetic characteristic of Br and (BH) ma.
Although it is an essential element for obtaining x, it has a balance composition due to the quantitative relationship with other three elements (R, M, C) necessary for obtaining coercive force.
【００１７】以上の理由によって、Ｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍ、Ｃの
組成を限定した。For the above reasons, the composition of R, Fe, M and C is limited.
【００１８】このような本発明にかかるＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−
Ｃ永久磁石は、通常の磁石の製造法に従って製造され
る。即ち、まず第一工程では必要とする合金元素（Ｒ、
Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ、Ｃ）材料を溶解炉で溶解して所定の組成の
合金を作製し、これを粉砕機で平均粒径約３ミクロンの
大きさに粉砕する。得られた微粉体を磁場中で加圧成形
する。ついで第二工程ではその成型体をアルゴンガス等
の不活性雰囲気中でまず１２５０〜１３２０℃の温度で
数時間加熱して焼結し、さらに同じ不活性雰囲気中で約
７００℃で数時間熱処理して製品とする。焼結条件は含
有する元素の種類や含有量によって上記範囲内で変動す
る。希土類元素Ｒの含有量の増加によって温度はやや低
めとなる。しかし後段の熱処理条件はそれらの種類、含
有量に事実上関係なくほぼ一定である。The R-Fe-M- according to the present invention as described above
The C permanent magnet is manufactured according to a normal magnet manufacturing method. That is, first, in the first step, the necessary alloy elements (R,
Fe, Ti, C) materials are melted in a melting furnace to prepare an alloy having a predetermined composition, and the alloy is crushed by a crusher to an average particle size of about 3 microns. The obtained fine powder is pressure-molded in a magnetic field. Then, in the second step, the molded body is first heated in an inert atmosphere such as argon gas at a temperature of 1250 to 1320 ° C. for several hours to be sintered, and further heat-treated in the same inert atmosphere at about 700 ° C. for several hours. Product. The sintering conditions vary within the above range depending on the type and content of the elements contained. The temperature becomes slightly lower due to the increase in the content of the rare earth element R. However, the heat treatment conditions in the latter stage are virtually constant regardless of their types and contents.
【００１９】かくて、本発明によれば、安定供給の面か
ら難点のあるコバルトを含有せず、高い保磁力、残留磁
束密度等良好な磁気特性を有し、例えばＰＭ型ステッピ
ングモーター等に広く用いることができる実用的、汎用
性の永久磁石材料を安定的に入手し得る材料から容易に
得ることができるのである。Thus, according to the present invention, it does not contain cobalt, which is difficult in terms of stable supply, has good magnetic properties such as high coercive force and residual magnetic flux density, and is widely used in, for example, PM type stepping motors. Practical and versatile permanent magnet materials that can be used can be easily obtained from materials that can be stably obtained.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】本発明の実施例をあげる。ただし、本発明は
この実施例によって限定されるものではない。 「実施例１」この実施例では希土類元素Ｒとしてネオジ
ムＮｄ、特定元素ＭとしてニオブＮｂを用い、Ｎｄの量
を変化させ、その他（Ｍ、Ｃ）の量は一定とし残部Ｆｅ
の磁石を作った。即ち、下記の第１工程（前工程）、第
２工程（熱処理工程）を経て、Ｎｄ：０〜９ａｔ％の範
囲内で第１表に示すように種々変化させ、Ｎｂ：２２ａ
ｔ％、Ｃ：１５ａｔ％、Ｆｅ：残部の組成を有する本発
明に係るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｃ）をアーク
溶解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに
粉砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton
／cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＮｄ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中
１２５０〜１３００℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒ
ガス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be given. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Example 1 In this example, neodymium Nd is used as the rare earth element R, niobium Nb is used as the specific element M, the amount of Nd is changed, and the amount of other (M, C) is constant, and the balance Fe
Made a magnet. That is, through the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), various changes were made as shown in Table 1 within the range of Nd: 0-9 at%, and Nb: 22a
An R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention having a composition of t%, C: 15 at% and Fe: balance was prepared. First step (previous step) Necessary alloying elements (Nd, Fe, Nb, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is heated to 3 tons in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under a pressure of / cm 2 . Second step (heat treatment step) The compact obtained in the first step was sintered in Ar gas at 1250 to 1300 ° C for 4 hours depending on the Nd content. Then Ar
Heat treatment was carried out in gas at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
【００２１】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＮｄ含有量との対比で第１表に
示す。R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the Nd content.
【００２２】[0022]
【表１】 第１表よりＮｄ＝１ａｔ％未満では、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）
max が小さくＮｄ＝８ａｔ％を超えると磁気特性のうち
Ｂｒ、（ＢＨ）max が得られなくなる。Ｎｄ１〜８ａｔ
％のときは各種磁気特性はともに高く良好である。 「実施例２」この例では、ＲとしてサマリウムＳｍ、Ｍ
としてニオブＮｂを用いＲの量を変化させ、その他
（Ｍ、Ｃ）の量は一定とし残部Ｆｅの磁石を作った。即
ち、下記の第１工程（前工程）、第２工程（熱処理工
程）を経て、Ｓｍ：０〜９ａｔ％の範囲内で第２表に示
すように種々変化させ、Ｎｂ：２２ａｔ％、Ｃ：１５ａ
ｔ％、Ｆｅ：残部の組成を有する本発明に係るＲ−Ｆｅ
−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｓｍ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｃ）をアーク
溶解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに
粉砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton
／cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＳｍ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中
１２５０〜１３００℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒ
ガス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。[Table 1] From Table 1, iHc, (BH) is obtained when Nd is less than 1 at%.
When max is small and exceeds Nd = 8 at%, Br and (BH) max cannot be obtained among the magnetic characteristics. Nd1-8at
When it is%, various magnetic properties are high and good. "Example 2" In this example, R is samarium Sm, M
The amount of R was changed by using niobium Nb as the above, and the amount of the other (M, C) was made constant, and a magnet with the balance Fe was made. That is, through the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), various changes were made as shown in Table 2 within the range of Sm: 0 to 9 at%, Nb: 22 at%, C: 15a
t%, Fe: R-Fe according to the present invention having the composition of the balance
A -MC permanent magnet was prepared. First step (previous step) Necessary alloying elements (Sm, Fe, Nb, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is heated to 3 tons in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under a pressure of / cm 2 . Second Step (Heat Treatment Step) The compact obtained in the first step was sintered in Ar gas at 1250 to 1300 ° C. for 4 hours depending on the Sm content. Then Ar
Heat treatment was carried out in gas at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
【００２３】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＳｍ含有量との対比で第２表に
示す。The R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 2 in comparison with the Sm content.
【００２４】[0024]
【表２】 第２表よりＳｍ＝１ａｔ％未満では、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）
max が小さくＳｍ＝８ａｔ％を超えるとＢｒ、（ＢＨ）
max が得られなくなる。Ｒ（Ｓｍ）の量を１〜８ａｔ％
の範囲内とすると磁気特性はともに高く良好である。 「実施例３」この実施例では、希土類元素Ｒとしてプラ
セオジムＰｒとセリウムＣｅの２種を種々の量組合わせ
て用い、またＭとしてニオブＮｂを用い、Ｍ、Ｃの量は
一定とし残部Ｆｅとした磁石を作った。即ち、下記の第
１工程（前工程）、第２工程（熱処理工程）を経て、Ｒ
１＝Ｐｒ、Ｒ２＝Ｃｅとして、Ｒ１＋Ｒ２＝５ａｔ％で
第３表に示すように種々変化させ、Ｎｂ：２６ａｔ％、
Ｃ：１５ａｔ％、Ｆｅ：残部の組成を有する本発明に係
るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｐｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｃ）を
アーク溶解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３
μｍに粉砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で
３ton ／cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＮｂ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中
１２５０〜１３００℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒ
ガス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。[Table 2] From Table 2, iHc, (BH) is obtained when Sm is less than 1 at%.
Br, (BH) when max is small and exceeds Sm = 8 at%.
max cannot be obtained. The amount of R (Sm) is 1 to 8 at%
Within the range, the magnetic properties are both high and good. [Example 3] In this example, two kinds of praseodymium Pr and cerium Ce were used in combination in various amounts as the rare earth element R, niobium Nb was used as M, the amounts of M and C were made constant, and the balance Fe and Made a magnet that did. That is, after the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), R
1 = Pr, R 2 = Ce, various changes were made as shown in Table 3 at R 1 + R 2 = 5 at%, Nb: 26 at%,
An R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention having a composition of C: 15 at% and Fe: balance was prepared. First step (previous step) Necessary alloying elements (Pr, Ce, Fe, Nb, C) are melted in an arc melting furnace and then an average particle size of about 3 is obtained by a pulverizer.
It was pulverized to μm. Next, the powder was molded in a magnetic field of 15 KOe under a pressure of 3 ton / cm 2 . Second step (heat treatment step) The compact obtained in the first step was sintered in Ar gas at 1250 to 1300 ° C for 4 hours depending on the Nb content. Then Ar
Heat treatment was carried out in gas at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
【００２５】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＰｒ、Ｃｅ含有量との対比で第
１表に示す。The R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the Pr and Ce contents.
【００２６】[0026]
【表３】 第３表よりＲ元素を２種類添加した場合でも高磁気特性
が得られる。このことは、Ｒ元素を２種類以上添加して
も高磁気特性が得られることを示唆している。[Table 3] From Table 3, high magnetic characteristics can be obtained even when two kinds of R elements are added. This suggests that high magnetic characteristics can be obtained even if two or more R elements are added.
【００２７】実施例１、２及び３よりＲ（希土類）元素
全般において、高磁気特性が得られることが明示され
る。 「実施例４」この例ではＭとしてニオブＮｂ、Ｒとして
ネオジムＮｄを用い、Ｍの量を変化させ、一方その他
（Ｍ、Ｃ）の量は一定にＦｅを残部とした永久磁石を作
った。即ち、下記の第１工程（前工程）、第２工程（熱
処理工程）を経て、Ｎｂ＝１８〜３４ａｔ％の範囲内で
第４表に示すように種々変化させ、Ｎｄ：５ａｔ％、
Ｃ：１５ａｔ％、Ｆｅ：残部の組成を有する本発明に係
るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｃ）をアーク
溶解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに
粉砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton
／cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＮｂ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中
１２７０〜１３２０℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒ
ガス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。From Examples 1, 2 and 3, it is clarified that high magnetic properties can be obtained in all R (rare earth) elements. [Example 4] In this example, niobium Nb was used as M, neodymium Nd was used as R, the amount of M was changed, while the amount of other (M, C) was constant, and a permanent magnet was made with the balance being Fe. That is, through the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), various changes were made as shown in Table 4 within the range of Nb = 18 to 34 at%, Nd: 5 at%,
An R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention having a composition of C: 15 at% and Fe: balance was prepared. First step (previous step) Necessary alloying elements (Nd, Fe, Nb, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is heated to 3 tons in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under a pressure of / cm 2 . Second step (heat treatment step) The compact obtained in the first step was sintered in Ar gas at 1270 to 1320 ° C for 4 hours depending on the Nb content. Then Ar
Heat treatment was carried out in gas at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
【００２８】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＮｂ含有量との対比で第４表に
示す。The R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 4 in comparison with the Nb content.
【００２９】[0029]
【表４】 第４表より、Ｎｂ＝１９ａｔ％未満では、ｉＨｃ、（Ｂ
Ｈ）max の低下が生じ、また、Ｎｂ＝３３ａｔ％を超え
るとＢｒ、（ＢＨ）max に低下が生ずる、しかし、Ｎｂ
＝１９〜３３ａｔ％の範囲では夫々の磁気特性は良好で
ある。 「実施例５」この例では、Ｍとして規定された６つの元
素、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗの中の一つを、
ＲとしてＮｄを用い、Ｆｅ、Ｒ、Ｍ、Ｃ夫々の含有量が
一定である磁石を作った。即ち、下記の第１工程（前工
程）、第２工程（熱処理工程）を経て、Ｍ＝２６ａｔ
％、Ｎｄ＝５ａｔ％、Ｃ＝１５ａｔ％、Ｆｅ＝残部の組
成を有する本発明に係るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を
調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍ、Ｃ）をアーク溶
解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに粉
砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton ／
cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＭに応じてＡｒガス中１２７０
〜１３２０℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒガス中の
もと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。[Table 4] From Table 4, iHc, (B
H) max decreases, and when Nb = 33at% is exceeded, Br and (BH) max decrease, but Nb
In the range of 19 to 33 at%, the respective magnetic properties are good. Example 5 In this example, one of the six elements defined as M, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta, Mo and W,
Using Nd as R, a magnet having a constant content of each of Fe, R, M and C was made. That is, after the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), M = 26 at
%, Nd = 5 at%, C = 15 at%, Fe = remainder composition, and an R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention was prepared. First Step (Previous Step) Necessary alloying elements (Nd, Fe, M, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is 3 ton / in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under cm 2 pressure. Second step (heat treatment step) The molded body obtained in the first step is 1270 in Ar gas depending on M.
Sintered at ~ 1320 ° C for 4 hours. Then, heat treatment was performed at 700 ° C. for 2 hours in Ar gas.
【００３０】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＭとの対比で第５表に示す。R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the result is shown in Table 5 in comparison with M.
【００３１】[0031]
【表５】 ＭとしてＮｂを用いた磁石の磁気特性は実施例４のとお
りいずれも良好であったが、第５表よりＮｂ以外のＭ元
素においても、高磁気特性が得られることが示される。 「実施例６」この例ではＭとして規定された元素Ｚｒ、
Ｈｆ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｎｂ、の中の夫々２種、一定量
ずつ組合わせて用い、またＲとしてＮｄを用い、Ｆｅ、
Ｒ、Ｍ、Ｃを一定量含有する磁石を作った。即ち、下記
の第１工程（前工程）、第２工程（熱処理工程）を経
て、Ｍ＝Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｎｂのうち２種
類を第６表に示すような配合を行い、Ｎｄ：５ａｔ％、
Ｃ：１５ａｔ％、Ｆｅ：残部の組成を有する本発明に係
るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍ、Ｃ）をアーク溶
解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに粉
砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton ／
cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＮｄ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中
１２５０〜１３００℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒ
ガス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。[Table 5] The magnetic properties of the magnet using Nb as M were all good as in Example 4, but Table 5 shows that high magnetic properties can be obtained also with M elements other than Nb. Example 6 In this example, the element Zr defined as M,
Two kinds each of Hf, Ta, Mo, W, and Nb are used in combination at a fixed amount, Nd is used as R, Fe,
A magnet containing a certain amount of R, M and C was made. That is, through the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), two kinds of M = Zr, Hf, Ta, Mo, W, and Nb are mixed as shown in Table 6. , Nd: 5 at%,
An R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention having a composition of C: 15 at% and Fe: balance was prepared. First Step (Previous Step) Necessary alloying elements (Nd, Fe, M, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is 3 ton / in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under cm 2 pressure. Second step (heat treatment step) The compact obtained in the first step was sintered in Ar gas at 1250 to 1300 ° C for 4 hours depending on the Nd content. Then Ar
Heat treatment was carried out in gas at 700 ° C. for 2 hours.
【００３２】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果を第６表に示す。The R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 6.
【００３３】[0033]
【表６】 第６表よりＭのうち２種類以上の元素を添加しても、高
磁気特性が得られることが示唆される。 「実施例７」この例ではＲとしてＮｄ、ＭとしてＮｂを
用い、Ｒ、Ｍの量を夫々一定量とし、Ｆｅを残量として
Ｃの量を変化させた磁石を作った。即ち、下記の第１工
程（前工程）、第２工程（熱処理工程）を経て、Ｃ＝６
〜３０ａｔ％の範囲内で第７表に示すように種々変化さ
せ、Ｎｄ＝５ａｔ％、Ｎｂ＝２６ａｔ％、Ｆｅ＝残部の
組成を有する本発明に係るＲ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石
を調製した。 第１工程（前工程） 必要とする合金元素（Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｂ、Ｃ）をアーク
溶解炉で溶解し、その後、粉砕機で平均粒径約３μｍに
粉砕した。次にその粉体を１５ＫＯｅの磁場中で３ton
／cm2 圧力のもと成形した。 第２工程（熱処理工程） 第１工程で得た成形体をＣ含有量に応じてＡｒガス中１
２７０〜１３２０℃で４時間焼結した。その後、Ａｒガ
ス中のもと７００℃で２時間熱処理を行った。[Table 6] Table 6 suggests that even if two or more elements of M are added, high magnetic properties can be obtained. [Example 7] In this example, Nd was used as R and Nb was used as M, the amounts of R and M were made constant, respectively, and the amount of C was changed with Fe as the remaining amount. That is, after the following first step (previous step) and second step (heat treatment step), C = 6
The R-Fe-MC permanent magnet according to the present invention having a composition of Nd = 5 at%, Nb = 26 at% and Fe = balance is variously changed within the range of ˜30 at% as shown in Table 7. Prepared. First step (previous step) Necessary alloying elements (Nd, Fe, Nb, C) were melted in an arc melting furnace, and then pulverized by a pulverizer to an average particle size of about 3 μm. Next, the powder is heated to 3 tons in a magnetic field of 15 KOe.
Molded under a pressure of / cm 2 . Second step (heat treatment step) The molded body obtained in the first step is added in Ar gas according to the C content to 1
Sintered at 270 to 1320 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, heat treatment was performed at 700 ° C. for 2 hours in Ar gas.
【００３４】以上のようにして得られた本発明に係るＲ
−Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石のＢｒ、ｉＨｃ、（ＢＨ）ma
x を測定し、その結果をＣ含有量との対比で第７表に示
す。R according to the present invention obtained as described above
Br, iHc, (BH) ma of -Fe-MC system permanent magnet
x was measured and the results are shown in Table 7 in comparison with the C content.
【００３５】[0035]
【表７】 表７よりＣ添加がＢｒ向上に寄与している。Ｃ含有量が
９ａｔ％未満ではＢｒが小さく、Ｃ含有量が２７ａｔ％
を超えるとＢｒ、（ＢＨ）max が小さくなってしまう。
従ってＣが９〜２７ａｔ％の範囲内では良好な磁気特性
を有していることが第７表から明らかである。[Table 7] From Table 7, addition of C contributes to the improvement of Br. When the C content is less than 9 at%, Br is small and the C content is 27 at%.
If it exceeds, Br and (BH) max will be small.
Therefore, it is clear from Table 7 that C has a good magnetic property in the range of 9 to 27 at%.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明に係るＲ−
Ｆｅ−Ｍ−Ｃ系永久磁石材料によれば、従来のように高
価なＲ（希土類元素）を極力使用せず、なお、かつ、供
給不安定なＣｏは、全く使用しないで高磁気特性が得ら
れるため、安価な永久磁石材料を供給面でも安定的に提
供することができる。As described above in detail, the R-
According to the Fe-MC permanent magnet material, expensive R (rare earth element) unlike the conventional case is not used as much as possible, and Co whose supply is unstable is not used at all and high magnetic characteristics are obtained. Therefore, an inexpensive permanent magnet material can be stably provided on the supply side.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 清 宮 照 夫 東京都港区新橋五丁目36番11号 富士電気 化学株式会社内Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Teruo Kiyomiya 5-11-3 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside Fuji Electric Chemical Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
または２種以上）：１〜８ａｔ％ Ｍ（但し、ＭはＺｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｍｏ、Ｗの１
種または２種以上）：１９〜３３ａｔ％ Ｃ：９〜２７ａｔ％ Ｆｅ：残部 からなることを特徴とする永久磁石材料。1. R (wherein R is one or more rare earth elements including Y): 1 to 8 at% M (where M is Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo or W)
1 or 2 or more types): 19 to 33 at% C: 9 to 27 at% Fe: The balance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4251689A JPH06100993A (en) | 1992-09-21 | 1992-09-21 | Permanent magnet material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4251689A JPH06100993A (en) | 1992-09-21 | 1992-09-21 | Permanent magnet material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06100993A true JPH06100993A (en) | 1994-04-12 |
Family
ID=17226549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4251689A Pending JPH06100993A (en) | 1992-09-21 | 1992-09-21 | Permanent magnet material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06100993A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005183503A (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Chiba Inst Of Technology | Material of permanent magnet |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62177158A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Permanent magnet material and its production |
| JPH0339451A (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1991-02-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Permanent magnet material |
| JPH04241402A (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-08-28 | Toshiba Corp | Permanent magnet |
| JPH04318152A (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1992-11-09 | Minebea Co Ltd | Rare earth magnetic material and its manufacture |
-
1992
- 1992-09-21 JP JP4251689A patent/JPH06100993A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62177158A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-04 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Permanent magnet material and its production |
| JPH0339451A (en) * | 1989-07-04 | 1991-02-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Permanent magnet material |
| JPH04241402A (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-08-28 | Toshiba Corp | Permanent magnet |
| JPH04318152A (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1992-11-09 | Minebea Co Ltd | Rare earth magnetic material and its manufacture |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005183503A (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Chiba Inst Of Technology | Material of permanent magnet |
| JP4635216B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2011-02-23 | 学校法人千葉工業大学 | Permanent magnet material |
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