JPH0576032B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that is capable of effectively performing self-study performance practice by determining the performance state of a keyboard section.

[Prior Art] To practice playing a keyboard instrument, students operate the keys in accordance with the musical score, and repeat this process to faithfully reproduce the content expressed in the musical score. , the teacher listens to the performance. In other words, the teacher points out mistakes while listening to the student's performance, and instructs the student to use accurate keystrokes and to have a good musical sense.

Therefore, this type of teaching method provides 1:1 individual instruction between the teacher and student, which is very effective, but there are many students for one teacher. Conducting group training is
Very difficult.

In addition, when teachers themselves judge and grade students' performance techniques, it is difficult for them to objectively and numerically grasp the state of performance errors, and they judge the progress of performance practice only subjectively. There must be. Therefore, the direction of instruction for performance practice must depend on the teacher's subjective judgment, making it difficult to always provide appropriate instruction.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and is a method for continuously monitoring the performance practice content, especially whether or not the player is playing accurately, when playing a keyboard instrument. The present invention provides an electronic musical instrument that can point out errors occurring to students practicing playing, especially at the time the errors occur, and enables self-study keyboard performance practice to be carried out efficiently. This is what we are trying to provide.

[Means for Solving the Problems] An electronic musical instrument according to the present invention sequentially reads performance information stored in a storage device in accordance with the performance order, and reads out performance information generated in accordance with a performance operation of a keyboard. The key press determining means is provided for determining the correct key press by sequentially comparing with the performance information obtained. Then, the results determined by this determining means are counted by a first counting means, and the performance information read from the storage device is counted by a second counting means. A calculating means is provided for calculating the correct answer rate from the ratio of the counting results, and the results of this calculation are sequentially displayed on the display means.

[Operation] In the electronic musical instrument configured as described above, the performance information is sequentially read out from the storage device, and the student can practice playing on the keyboard section accordingly. Then, the performance information sequentially read from the storage device and the performance information generated by the keyboard section are successively compared to determine whether they are correct or incorrect.
The determination results are counted. At the same time, the number of performance information, etc. is counted, and based on the number of performance information, etc. and the correct/incorrect judgment results, the correct answer rate, for example, is calculated sequentially as the performance progresses. In the middle of the play, the correctness of the performance is displayed, allowing for effective self-study practice.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 shows the schematic configuration.
Performance information representing a performance piece to be practiced is written and set in a storage device 11 such as a RAM. The performance information written to this storage device 11 is
For example, a magnetic recording section 12a formed on the musical score 12
By setting this musical score 12 on, for example, a musical instrument music stand, it can be read by a reading device 13 attached to the music stand. The performance information read by this reading device is then written into the storage device 11.

In this storage device 11, for example, musical notes (notes or rests) written in a musical score 12 are written and set in address order along with note length information in accordance with the order. The note information (note information, that is, pitch information and note length information, or rest information: note information without pitch information) corresponding to each note is sequentially addressed and read out. In this case, the readout circuit 14 is supplied with a tempo clock signal from a tempo oscillator 15 used for automatic rhythm generation, which will be described later, and measures a time interval corresponding to note length information to obtain pitch information. They are read out sequentially every time the time corresponding to the note length elapses. and,
The pitch information read out by the reading circuit 14 is sequentially latched and stored in the data latch circuit 16.

On the other hand, a student practicing playing operates the keys on the keyboard 17. The keyboard 17 generates performance information including timing information, pitch information expressing the pitch of the operated key, and note length information in response to key operations, and this performance information is transmitted to the musical tone forming circuit 1.
At step 8, a musical sound signal is generated which is appropriately formed into a musical sound based on the performance information obtained by the performance operation of the keys. This musical tone signal is appropriately amplified by an amplifier 19 and guided to a speaker 20, where it is produced as a performance sound.

Performance information accompanying key operations from the keyboard 17, together with latch note information from the data latch circuit 16,
The information is supplied to the correct key press determination circuit 21, and both pieces of information are compared. When it is determined that the key corresponding to the musical note information (pitch information) latched in the data latch circuit 16 has been operated correctly on the keyboard 17, a correct key press signal is generated. This signal is supplied to the scoring circuit 22.

Parameter information from a parameter counter 23 is also supplied to this scoring circuit 22 . This population counter 23
For example, the number of musical note information read out sequentially, that is, the number of performance information, is counted based on the information from the data latch circuit 16, and the scoring circuit 22 calculates the number of correct key presses and the count value of the parameter counter 23. From the relationship, the score such as the correct answer rate is calculated, and the display circuit 24
to display the score.

On the other hand, the tempo clock signal from the tempo oscillator 15 is supplied to an automatic rhythm generator 25.
This automatic rhythm generator 25 is equipped with a counter that counts the supplied tempo clock signal, and appropriately combines the binary count value information to form various rhythm pattern signals. Generate a signal. This rhythm sound source signal is supplied to the amplifier 19 so that an automatic rhythm performance sound can be obtained from the speaker 20. In this case, the automatic rhythm generator 25 is driven and controlled in response to a start command from the readout circuit 14.

FIG. 2 shows in detail the storage information readout control unit shown surrounded by a chain line in FIG. It can be done. The format of the information stored in this storage device 11 is, for example, as shown in FIG. in,
Addresses are arranged sequentially and serially.

Specifically, the information corresponding to the first note "uk
(1)", the note length information "LENGTH(1)" is set, followed by "uk(2)", "LENGTH(2)", etc. corresponding to the next note in series. Each piece of information is sequentially read out in response to address conversion by the address counter 26. Finally, finish (FINISH) information indicating the end of the performance piece is set.

In this case, the uk information consists of a uk mark that identifies the note and a key code that expresses the pitch, and the note length information consists of a note length mark and numerical information that expresses its length. When the musical note information is a rest, the key code is expressed as all "0".

Information read from storage device 11 in response to the address designation from address counter 26 is supplied to latch circuits 27 and 28. The latch circuits 27 and 28 are given latch commands by mark detection signals from the uk mark detection circuit 29 and note length mark detection circuit 30, respectively.
In this case, the uk mark and note length mark are detected from the information read from the storage device 11.
The latch circuit 27 stores a key code indicating the pitch, and the latch circuit 28 stores numerical information indicating the note length. The detection signal from the uk mark detection circuit 29 is
Furthermore, AND circuit 31 and one shot circuit 3
2, and the output signal from the one-shot circuit 32 is the tempo clock signal TCL (for example, TCL=
The signal is outputted as a key-off signal AΔ1 corresponding to the UK mark reading through a delay circuit 33 consisting of a delayed flip-flop driven by a quarter note x 12). Also, the AND circuit 31
In addition, an output signal is supplied from an OR circuit 34 that detects the presence of a key code whose read key codes from the storage device 11 are not all "0", and an output signal is supplied from an AND circuit 31 to correspond to the presence of a musical note excluding a rest. Allow a signal to be generated. This signal is then supplied to the one-shot circuit 35,
The one-shot pulse signal output from this circuit 35 is taken out as a key-on signal AΔ2 via a delay circuit 36 driven by the signal TCL.

The latch information stored in the latch circuit 28 is compared with the count value of a note length counter 38 which counts the tempo clock signal TCL in a comparator circuit 37. The note length counter 38 is reset each time the note length information is read out by the detection signal from the note length mark detection circuit 30. Then, when the time corresponding to the note length information has elapsed, the count value of the counter 38 and the information stored in the latch circuit 28 match, and the equal signal EQ is generated from the comparison circuit 37.

The equal signal EQ from this comparison circuit 37 is
The differential circuit 39 differentiates the result and supplies it to the OR circuit 40.
A set command is given to the flip-flop circuit 41 for address control. This flip-flop circuit 4
1 is reset by the detection signal from the note length mark detection circuit 30. At the time of reset, a gate signal is given to the AND circuit 42, and the clock signal Φ is sent to the address counter 26 as a counting step signal. We are trying to supply it.

This electronic musical instrument also includes a start switch 43 that generates a start signal. The start switch 43 is constructed as a self-resetting type, and generates a signal of "1" when it is operated, and a start pulse signal is generated from the differentiating circuit 44 in response to this signal. The output pulse signal from this differentiating circuit is used as a start signal START for initialization as appropriate, and is supplied as a set command to the flip-flop circuit 41 via the OR circuit 40, and further resets another flip-flop circuit 45. In its set state, this flip-flop circuit 45 operates as a differential circuit 44.
The output signal from the OR circuit 46 is supplied to the address counter 26 as a reset command.

Furthermore, the flip-flop circuit 45 gives a rhythm start command to the automatic rhythm generating device 25 in the reset state, instructing it to execute an automatic rhythm performance. This flip-flop circuit 45 is set by a detection signal from an end code detection circuit 47, and this detection circuit 47 is connected to the memory device 1.
Reading of finish (FINISH) information is detected from the read information from 1.

That is, when a start command is given by turning on the start switch 43, the differentiating circuit 44
The flip-flop circuit 41 is set by the differential pulse signal from the flip-flop circuit 41, and the flip-flop circuit 45 is reset. Furthermore, the reset of the address counter 26 is confirmed by the output signal from the OR circuit 46, and the address counter 26 is initialized.

By setting the flip-flop circuit 41, a gate signal is given to the AND circuit 42, the address counter 26 is incremented by the clock Φ, and the stored information is sequentially read out from the first address of the storage device 11. Become.

That is, the uk information "uk(1)" at the first address shown in FIG. It becomes like this. Subsequent note length information "LENGTH(1)" is then latched and stored in the latch circuit 28 in response to the mark detection signal from the note length mark detection circuit 30.

When the note length mark detection signal is generated from the note length mark detection circuit 30, the note length information is latched and stored as described above, and the note length counter 3
8 and initialize it. At the same time, the flip-flop circuit 41 is reset to 1
With the uk information and note length information corresponding to each note being read out, the address counter 26 stops incrementing, and reading from the storage device 11 is stopped.

After the first uk information is read in this way, when the time corresponding to the note length information has elapsed,
The count value of the note length counter 38 matches the information stored in the latch circuit 28, the comparison circuit 37 generates an equal signal EQ, and the flip-flop circuit 4
Set to 1. Then, a gate signal is given to the AND circuit 42. Therefore, the address counter 26 is again incremented by the clock Φ, reads out the next stored information "uk(2)" and "LENGTH(2)" from the storage device 11, and sends them to the latch circuits 27 and 28. Each latch will be memorized.

Thereafter, stored information is read out from the storage device 11 in the same manner, but when the uk information is a rest, the latch circuit 2 is read out as described above.
7, all "0"s are latched and stored for a time corresponding to the note length information, resulting in a pause (non-sounding) state.

That is, a large number of
The uk information is sequentially read out at time intervals according to the corresponding note length information, and the musical notes written on the musical score 12 are read out and expressed as performance information. Furthermore, in synchronization with the reading of performance information from the storage device 11, a rhythm sound source signal is generated from the automatic rhythm generator 25 and expressed as a rhythm performance sound from the speaker 20. Therefore, if the musical notes written on the musical score 12 are performed on the keyboard 17 in accordance with this automatic rhythm performance, the performance information from the keyboard 17 and the output from the latch circuit 27 that constitutes the data latch circuit 16 are The information (pitch information or rest information) matches, and a correct key press signal can be obtained from the correct key press determination circuit 21.

FIG. 4 shows the correct key press determination means and related parts in more detail. The key-on signal AΔ2 and the key-off signal AΔ1 obtained in response to the information read from the storage device 11 are shown in FIG. ,
It is supplied as a count signal of the number of performance information or the number of notes to the first and second population counters 23a and 23b, respectively. Then, in the first parameter counter 23a, the
The uk information, excluding rest marks, is counted as the reading of performance information progresses, and first parameter information (event information) "BoSu(1)" is generated. Further, the second parameter counter 23b counts the number of musical notes including pauses, and generates second parameter information "Bosu(2)". The parameter counters 23a and 23b are reset and initialized by the signal START generated together with the start command.

Furthermore, performance information accompanying key operations from the keyboard 17 is supplied to the input terminal A of the comparison circuit 47, and
The signal is supplied to the input terminal B of the comparator circuit 47 via a delay circuit 48 driven by the clock TCL. Then, when the performance information supplied to the input terminals A and B becomes different [A≠B], that is, when the previously pressed key on the keyboard 17 is released, or An output is generated when a new key is operated and performance information changes. The output signal from the comparison circuit 47 is used as the signal MΔ1 and is also supplied to the AND circuit 49.

That is, this signal MΔ1 becomes a signal on the keyboard 17 side corresponding to the signal AΔ1 corresponding to the read signal from the storage device 11. Further, the presence of performance information from the keyboard 17 (key being pressed) is detected by the OR circuit 50. The output signal from the OR circuit 50 is supplied to the AND circuit 49 together with the output of the comparison circuit 47. And this AND circuit 49
, a signal MΔ2 on the keyboard 17 side corresponding to the key-on signal AΔ2 is generated.

Here, if the performance information stored in the storage device 11 is in the state of quarter notes, quarter notes, quarter rests, etc., as shown in FIG. 5, for example, it corresponds to the clock signal TCL. As shown in the figure, the signal AΔ1 is generated corresponding to each note and rest, and the signal AΔ2 is generated only in response to each note corresponding to the key operation, excluding the rests. Ru.

If accurate key operations are performed on the keyboard 17 corresponding to each of the above notes, signals MΔ1 and MΔ2 are generated in synchronization with signals AΔ1 and AΔ2, respectively, as shown in FIG. be done.

Signals AΔ2 and MΔ2 are supplied to delay circuits 51 and 52 driven by clock signal TCL, respectively, and OR circuits 53 and 54 detect signals on the input and output sides of delay circuits 51 and 52, respectively. That is, output signals are generated from the OR circuits 53 and 54 while the signals AΔ2 and MΔ2 are present, and extend for a period corresponding to the clock TCL after falling, and this output signal is output from the AND circuit. 55.
Therefore, when a key is operated on the keyboard 17 in synchronization with the reading of information corresponding to a note from the storage device 11, a matching signal of the key operation timing can be obtained from the ANGE circuit 55. , the output signal from this AND circuit 55 is counted by a counter 56.

This counter 56 is reset by the signal START, and starts counting the number of key operations that coincide with the timing of the performance information read from the storage device 11.

Corresponding to read information from the storage device 11,
The pitch information latched and stored in the latch circuit 27 is supplied to a comparison circuit 57 together with performance information generated in response to key operations on the keyboard 17, where they are compared. That is, when the correct key corresponding to the pitch information is operated, the comparison circuit 57 generates a coincidence signal EQ, and this coincidence signal is sent to the flip-flop circuit 59 as a set command via the delay circuit 58. Given.

This flip-flop circuit 59 has a signal AΔ1
Therefore, it is reset before the comparison output is generated from the delay circuit 58, and the set is inverted every time the correct key is operated. The set inversion state of the flip-flop circuit 59 is detected by a differentiating circuit 60 and counted by a counter 61 which is reset by the signal START.

Further, the output signal from the flip-flop circuit 59 is supplied to a latch circuit 63 via a delay circuit 62, and is latched into the next generated signal AΔ1.

Signals AΔ1 and AΔ2 are supplied to a 3-bit shift register 64 and a 4-bit shift register 65, respectively. This shift register 6
4 and 65 are both driven by the clock TCL, and the shift register 65 takes out the output signal from the 1st bit, sets the flip-flop circuit 66, and sends the output of the 4th bit to the OR circuit 6.
7 to reset the flip-flop circuit 66. That is, the flip-flop circuit 66 has F1 in FIG.
As shown in , it is set one clock TCL away from the rising edge of signal AΔ2, and clock TCL3
It will be reset after each minute.

In addition, the signal on the input side of the shift register 64
AΔ1 is used to set a flip-flop circuit 68, and this flip-flop circuit 68 is reset by the output signal of an OR circuit 69 which detects the signal at the output terminal of the shift register 64. That is, this flip-flop circuit 68 receives the signal
Set and reset control is performed for AΔ1 as shown by F2 in FIG. START is supplied to the OR circuits 67 and 69, respectively, to reset the flip-flop circuits 66 and 68 to their initial states.

Signals MΔ1 and MΔ2 generated in response to key operations on the keyboard 17 are differentiated by differentiating circuits 70 and 71, respectively, and then supplied to 8-bit and 10-bit shift registers 72 and 73, respectively. The shift registers 72 and 73 are each driven by a clock 4TCL having a frequency four times that of the clock TCL, and a fifth
The signal MΔ1 is shown as KOFF and KON in the figure.
The output signals are taken out with a delay of 8/4 clocks and 10/8 clocks from TCL and MΔ2, respectively. The output signal KON from the shift register 73 is applied to the flip-flop circuit 66.
It is supplied to the AND circuit 74 together with the set output signal F1 from the AND circuit 74, and the flip-flop circuit 75 is set by the output signal shown by AND in FIG.

This flip-flop circuit 75 has a signal
It is reset by an OR circuit 77 supplied with an output signal from a 4TCL delay circuit 76 supplied with START and signals KOFF, and the output signal of this flip-flop circuit 75 when set is shown in FIG.
It will be shown as F3.

Then, the output signal F3 from the flip-flop circuit 75, the output signal F2 from the flip-flop circuit 68, and the output signal KOFF from the shift register 72 are supplied to an AND circuit 78.
From this AND circuit 78, FIG.
An output signal designated LR is generated.

In other words, the AND circuit 74 determines the key press timing (signal AΔ2) corresponding to reading of stored information.
and the timing of key presses on the keyboard 17 (signal
MΔ2), and if they match, the flip-flop circuit 75 is set. Also, the AND circuit 78
Now, with the timing of the key presses above matched, the key release timing (signal AΔ1) of the stored information and the keyboard 1
The signal LR is generated when the note length of the stored information and the note length of the key press operation on the keyboard 17 match. This comparison allowable range of note lengths can be set as appropriate using shift registers 64, 65, 72, and 73.

The output signal from the AND circuit 78 is supplied to the counter 79 as a counting signal, and together with the information stored in the latch circuit 63, the AND circuit 8
0, and with the output signal of this AND circuit 80,
The counter 81 counts. counters 79 and 8
1 is reset and initialized by the signal START.

That is, the pitch information is sequentially read out from the storage device 11 in accordance with the note length timing, and the keyboard 17
When the key operation timing matches the key operation timing, the counter 56 counts, and when the pitch information and the operated key pitch match, the counter 61 counts. Furthermore, when the note length expressed by the key operation duration matches the stored note length, the counter 79 counts.

Therefore, these counters 56, 61, 79
The count value information A1 to A3 are respectively sent to the calculation circuit 8.
2, 83, and 84, and by dividing the parameter information corresponding to the number of performance information from the parameter counter 23a or 23b as a denominator, the timing accuracy rate, pitch accuracy rate, and note length are calculated. Correct key press judgment information of correct answer rate is obtained. This correctly pressed key determination information is displayed on display devices 85, 86, and 87 after being appropriately calculated as a percentage.

Note that the arithmetic circuits 82 and 84 that determine the correct answer rate for timing and note length use "BoSu(1)" corresponding to a note as parameter information serving as performance information.
The arithmetic circuit 83 that determines the pitch uses "BoSu(2)", which also includes a rest mark, as a parameter for performance information.

The count value information of the counter 81 is calculated by dividing by using "BoSu(1)" as the denominator in the arithmetic circuit 88, and the display device 8
At step 9, the state of one note correct is displayed as a percentage.

In addition, count value information of counters 56, 61, 79
A1, A2, A3 are added in an adder circuit 90,
The addition information is calculated in the calculation circuit 91.
This arithmetic circuit 91 performs a division operation using the information from the adder circuit 92 as a denominator. Supply it and perform the calculation “BoSu(1)×2+BoSu(2)”. Then, a partial average correct answer rate is calculated and displayed as a percentage on the display device 93.

That is, in the case of the electronic musical instrument configured as described above, after performance information of a predetermined song is stored and set in the storage device 11, performance operations are performed on the keyboard 11 corresponding to the score of the performance song. Let's do it.
When starting a performance on the keyboard 11, the start switch 43 is operated to cause the automatic rhythm generation circuit 25 to appropriately generate an automatic rhythm, and the performance is performed in accordance with the rhythm.

In this case, when the start switch 43 is turned on, pitch information is read out from the storage device 11 in correspondence with the memorized note information as described above, and this pitch information includes timing, pitch, and note length. For each condition, the state of pressed keys on the keyboard 17 is compared, and the correct pressed keys are monitored and counted.

In other words, the number of correct keys pressed is counted as the performance progresses, and at each point in time it is calculated in accordance with the number of keys pressed up to that point, and the correct answer rate is calculated and displayed. The self-study content is
It will be displayed automatically.

Therefore, without being individually pointed out by the teacher, the player can clearly know the content and accuracy of his/her performance, and the effect of self-study is effectively improved.

In the embodiment, the result of determining the correct key press is shown as a percentage of the progress of the performance, but if the calculation circuits 82 to 84 and 88 are configured as subtraction circuits, it is possible to calculate the number of errors or correct answers. It is now possible to calculate and display concrete calculations, and if the parameters "BoSu(1)" and "BoSu(2)" are set to the final values in advance, the correct answer rate result will be displayed at the end of the performance. You will be able to get it. In addition, this correct answer judgment display can be arbitrarily selected.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, the performance state on the keyboard is monitored while comparing with the performance information stored and set in advance, and the content of the performance on the keyboard is determined. Scores are displayed as performance practice progresses. Therefore, when practicing a keyboard instrument on their own, students can see the progress of their practice sequentially in percentage terms, and objective guidance can help students make their own decisions. As a result, the effectiveness of self-study practice will be significantly improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a storage information control section of the electronic musical instrument, and FIG. 3 is a memory used in the electronic musical instrument. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the format of information, FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating correct key press determining means on the keyboard, and FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the determining means. 11...Storage device, 16...Data latch circuit, 17...Keyboard, 18...Tone forming circuit, 21
...Key press judgment circuit, 22...Scoring circuit, 23...
...Parameter (number of events) counter, 24...Display device, 25...Automatic rhythm generation circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A storage device that stores performance information that specifies performance operation keys; a reading device that sequentially reads out the stored performance information from the storage device in accordance with the performance order; a keyboard for performing performance operations; , a key press determining means for sequentially comparing the performance information generated from the keyboard with the performance information read from the storage device; and a first counting means for sequentially counting the results determined by the determining means. and a second counting means for sequentially counting the number of pieces of performance information each time the performance information is read from the storage device; and a count counted by the second counting means while the performance information is being read by the reading means. Calculating means for sequentially calculating the correct answer rate in real time from the ratio of the result and the counting result counted by the first counting means, and a display means for sequentially displaying the correct answer rate associated with the performance operation obtained by the calculating means. An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising the following.