JPS6027991B2 - electronic musical instrument practice device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a practice device for an electronic musical instrument that compares and determines the performance state of a keyboard section with reference performance sound information, and allows self-study of performance to be carried out effectively.

To practice playing a keyboard instrument, students operate the keys in accordance with the musical score, and repeat this process to faithfully reproduce the content expressed in the musical score.The content of the performance is determined by the teacher's performance. This is done by listening to the

In other words, the teacher listens to the student's performance, corrects any mistakes, and instructs the student to use accurate keystrokes and develop a good musical sense. Therefore, this type of teaching method is very effective when the teacher and student are teaching individually on a 1:1 basis, but when there is a large number of students for one teacher, it is very effective. It is extremely difficult to conduct proper training. Furthermore, in order for teachers themselves to judge and grade students' performance techniques, it is difficult to mathematically and objectively grasp the state of performance errors, and they must judge the progress of performance practice solely subjectively. . Therefore, the direction of guidance for students' performance practice comes to depend on the teacher's subjective judgment, making it difficult to always provide appropriate guidance. This invention was made in view of the above points, and it is possible to objectively judge the state of the student's keyboard performance, especially by determining the correct state in terms of timing with respect to a standard performance. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a practice device for electronic musical instruments that enables reliable judgment and instruction based on the user's knowledge.

That is, the practice device according to the present invention sets a permissible time range and adjusts the synchronization of the first keying signal corresponding to the reference performance sound information and the second keying signal corresponding to the key operation of the practice keyboard. The correct key operation timing is determined by comparing the key operation timing.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the general configuration of a collective performance training situation in which a plurality of slave units for students are subordinate to one master unit for the teacher, and 11 is the keyboard of the base unit; This keyboard 11
is played by the teacher, and pitch information (uk information) for the upper keyboard, for example, is generated in response to the key operation. This pitch information is appropriately supplied to the musical tone forming circuit 12 of the base unit to form a musical tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the above-mentioned serum information. In this case, the musical tone forming circuit 12 includes an automatic performance device, an automatic rhythm generating device, etc. as appropriate, and the musical tone signal generated by the musical tone forming circuit 12 is appropriately amplified by an amplifier 13 and sent to a speaker 14.
, and the sound will be produced as the main unit performance sound. The pitch information generated from the main unit keyboard 11 is used as reference performance sound information for the plurality of slave units 15a, 15b...
. . in parallel, and this distributed information also includes a tempo clock signal TCL for rhythm setting in the main unit musical tone forming circuit 12 as appropriate.

Each slave unit 15a, 15b......
are each provided with a keyboard 16 for performance practice, as shown representatively by 15a.

That is, this keyboard 16 is used for performing key operations by the student, and the performance information corresponding to the key operations is converted into a musical tone signal by the musical tone forming circuit 17, and is supplied to the speaker 9 via the amplifier 18, and the musical tone signal is sent to the speaker 9 via the amplifier 18. The sound of the machine performance can be heard by students as appropriate. The performance information from the keyboard 16 is further supplied to the correctly pressed key determination section 2 together with the reference performance sound information from the base unit.

This judgment section 20 includes a timing judgment section 21, a pitch judgment section 22, a note length judgment section 23, etc., and each determines the reference performance sound information and the performance information from the keyboard 16 in terms of timing, pitch, and note length. The system compares the key press state of the keyboard 16 to determine the correct answer, and objectively displays the percentage of correct answers and the like on the displays 24, 25, 26, etc. The above example - B is a case of performance practice based on the teacher's performance, but in the case of self-study, there is no teacher's performance using the master unit.

Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to use the stored reference performance sound information. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a storage device 27 such as a RAM is provided, and pitch information corresponding to notes and rests and note length information of each note and rest are stored and set in this storage device 27. Do it like this.

For example, as shown in the format shown in Figure 3, skin information indicating the pitch and note length information are added to the address order.
ukm” “LENGTH'1-” “Sail [2}1” “LEN
GTH(2}1............ is written in the storage device 27, and the information stored in the storage device 27 is determined by the count address information of the address counter 28. They are read out one by one in sequence.

A performance end code "FINISH" is set at the final address position of the storage information in the storage device 27. The information read out from the storage device 27 by address designation is supplied to a key press judgment unit 201 configured in the same manner as in the case of FIG. The information (serum report) is detected together with the standard performance sound information and used for timing judgment, pitch judgment, and note length judgment. Further, the information read from the storage device 27 is supplied to the latch circuit 29, and the note length mark attached to the note length information (LENGTH) is detected by the note length mark detection circuit 30, and this mark detection signal is latched. It is given to the circuit 29 as a latch command. That is, when the note length information is read from the storage device 27, numerical information representing the note length is latched and stored in the latch circuit 29. The read information from the storage device 27 is further supplied to an end code detection circuit 31, which generates a detection signal when the end code (FINISH) is read out.

The note length information latched in the latch circuit 29 is supplied to the comparison circuit 32.

This comparison circuit 32 is also supplied with count value information of a note length counter 34 that counts the oscillating tempo clock signal of a tempo oscillator 33 used for automatic rhythm generation, which will be described later, and this count value information matches the note length information described above. When the condition is reached, the comparison circuit 32 generates an equal signal EQ. The rising edge of this equal signal EQ is detected by a differentiating circuit 35, and the differential pulse from the differentiating circuit 35 is passed through an OR circuit 36 to a flip-flop circuit 3 for readout control.
7 as a set command. When set, the flip-flop circuit 37 applies a gate signal to the AND circuit 38, outputs the system clock J, and supplies the system clock J to the address counter 28 as a counting step signal.

That is, in the set state of the flip-flop circuit 37,
The address counter 28 is incremented, and the stored information in the storage device 27 is read out sequentially. The flip-flop circuit 37 is reset by the detection signal from the note length mark detection circuit 30, and remains set until the note length information is read from the storage device 27 after the equal signal is generated from the comparison circuit 32. It is considered to be a state. Further, this device is provided with a start switch 39 for starting a practice performance accompanied by reading from the storage device 27.

This switch 39 is configured, for example, as a self-resetting type, and generates a signal of "1" when operated, and a start pulse is generated from the differentiating circuit 40 in synchronization with the operation. This start pulse is also used as a start signal STRT for initializing each control section, which will be described later. For example, the timing judgment section 21 of the key press judgment section 20,
It is given to the pitch determining section 22 and note length determining section 23 as an initial setting command. The start pulse is supplied to the flip-flop circuit 41 as a reset command, and is also supplied to the OR circuit 42 to which the set output signal of the flip-flop circuit 41 is supplied.
The output signal from the address counter 28 is supplied as a reset command. The flip-flop circuit 41 stores and sets the operation command state, and the end code detection circuit 31
It is set by the detection signal from.

The output signal at the time of reset is used as a start signal for giving an operation command to the automatic rhythm generating circuit 43. Although details are not shown, this automatic rhythm generation circuit 43 includes a counter that counts the tempo clock signal from the tempo oscillator 33, and combines a plurality of signals constituting binary count information of this counter in a rhythm pattern memory. , which forms pattern signals of various rhythms, and generates rhythm sound source signals based on appropriately selected and designated types of rhythm pattern signals.

Then, this rhythm sound source signal is supplied to the amplifier 18, and while a start command is given from the flip-flop circuit 41, a rhythm performance sound is automatically generated from the speaker 19. That is, when the start switch 39 is operated with the information for playing a predetermined song written and set in the storage device 27 in the format shown in FIG. Address counter 2 via OR circuit 42
8 to reset and initialize it.

At the same time, the start pulse sets the flip-flop circuit 37 via the OR circuit 36 and provides a gate signal to the AND circuit 38. That is, the address counter 28 is incremented by the clock J, and the address counter 28 is incremented by the clock J.
First, the information "ukm" at the first address is read out and supplied to the key press determination section 20.

Then, at the next address increment, the note length information "LENGTHO" is
When ''' is read out, the note length information is latched and stored in the latch circuit 29 in response to a latch command from the note length mark detection circuit 30. Further, the note length mark detection signal resets the note length counter 34 to initialize it, resets the flip-flop circuit 37, and stops reading from the storage device 27. The note length counter 34 starts counting the tempo clock signal from the tempo oscillator 33 when the note length mark is detected. As time passes, the count value of the counter 34 matches the stored note length information, and the comparison circuit 22 generates an equal signal EQ.

When the equal signal EQ is generated from the comparison circuit 22, the flip-flop circuit 37 is set as described above.
By clocking the address counter 28, the address counter 28 is incremented, and the address information continues from the storage device 27, ``uk■'' and ``L''.
ENGTH■'' is read out, and the above-described operation is repeated. That is, the pitch information corresponding to the musical note stored in the storage device 27 is sequentially read out at time intervals corresponding to the note length of the musical note, and is supplied to the key press determination section 20.

In this case, since the flip-flop circuit 41 is reset in response to the operation of the start switch 39, a start signal is given to the automatic rhythm generation circuit 43 in response to the start operation, and the tempo clock signal from the tempo oscillator 33 is Basically, an automatic rhythm performance sound is generated, and this automatic rhythm performance sound is synchronized with the performance information read out from the storage device 27.
Then, in response to the operation of the start switch 39, the performance practitioner operates the keyboard 16 according to the score expressing the performance information stored in the storage device 27 in accordance with the automatic rhythm performance sound, and practices performance. It is a start. Therefore, when an accurate key operation is performed on the keyboard 16 in accordance with the pitch information read from the storage device 27, the timing judgment section 21, pitch judgment section 22, and note length judgment section 23 determine whether the key press is correct. Indicators 24-2
6, the accuracy of each practitioner's key operations is digitized and displayed.

Further, musical tone signals corresponding to key operations on the keyboard 16 are obtained in the musical tone forming circuit 17, and the trainee can intelligently check his/her performance state by the performance sound from the speaker 19. In other words, the trainee can objectively know the state of his or her key operations based on the information stored in the storage device 27, and the self-study effect is improved.

In particular, it is possible to effectively monitor the scale key timing, which is sensually important in expressing music, and is highly effective in improving self-study effects. FIG. 4 shows in detail the parts related to the above-mentioned key press judgment section 2. In particular, in this case, in relation to FIG. An example of how to use it is shown below.

That is, the information read from the storage device 27 is supplied to the latch circuit 43, and this latch circuit 43 detects the UK mark included in the wind information in the read information.
A latch command is given by four detection signals from the mark detection circuit 44. Therefore, when the scolding information is read out from the storage device 27, this latch circuit 43 selects this information and latches and stores the pitch information included in the uk information. , is rewritten every time new uk information is read from the storage device 27. The detection signal from the UK mark detection circuit 44 is further converted into a one-shot pulse by a one-shot circuit 45.

This pulse signal is generated from the storage device 27 every time sail information including a rest mark is read out, and is sent to the first key-off signal A△1 via a delay circuit 46 consisting of a delayed flip-flop or the like driven by a tempo clock TCL. is extracted as. Further, the output signal from the sail mark detection circuit 44 is supplied to an AND circuit 47. This AND circuit 47 is also supplied with a signal from an OR circuit 48 that detects that the input uk information is not a rest mark with all "0"s, and therefore the AND circuit 47 receives uk information corresponding to a note (not including a rest mark). An output signal is generated every time it is read from the storage device 27, which is converted into a pulse-like signal by the one-shot circuit 49, and then sent through the delay circuit 50 to the first key-on signal A△.
Take it out as 2. And this first key-on signal A△
2 is counted by a parameter counter 51 which is reset and initialized by the start signal STRT corresponding to the start switch operation, and is taken out as a parameter signal "BOSU". On the other hand, performance information obtained in response to key operations on the practice keyboard 16 is supplied to the comparison circuit 52 as comparison information A, and is also supplied as comparison information B via a delay circuit 53 driven by the clock TCL. use

That is, when a pressed key on the keyboard 16 is released or the operation is changed to a different key, and the performance information changes, the comparator circuit 12 determines that "A≠B". The "A/B" determination output is taken out as the second key-off signal AAI. Further, the judgment output from the comparison circuit 52 is also supplied to an AND circuit 54. This AND circuit 54 is also supplied with a signal from an OR circuit 55 that detects that the input performance information is in a key-pressed state, and a second key-on signal M is supplied from this AND circuit 54.
Generates △2. and the first key-on signal A△1
, and the second key-on signal MΔ1 are supplied to delay circuits 56 and 57 driven by the clock TCL, respectively, and the signals at the input and output parts of the delay circuits 56 and 57 are applied to OR circuits 58 and 57, respectively. 59 will be detected. That is, from the OR circuits 58 and 59, the clock TCL is output from the rising edge of the signals A△1 and M△2, respectively.
A pulse signal with a width equivalent to two pulses is output, and the output signals from the OR circuits 58 and 59 are supplied to six AND circuits. That is, reading from the storage device 27
When a key is operated on the keyboard 16 in synchronization with the information, the logical neck information of the signals A△1 and M△1 is taken out from the AND circuit 60, and this corresponds to the key press timing on the keyboard IZ6. It came to be used as a coincidence signal. In this case, it is virtually impossible for the key operation timing to completely coincide with the reading of the wind information.

However, the signals A△1 and M△1 are
7 and OR circuits 58 and 59, the pulse signal is converted into a pulse signal having a width wider than its rising edge, and this widened pulse signal is supplied to an AND circuit 60. Therefore, an error tolerance range for the key operation timing is set corresponding to the width of the pulse signal supplied to the AND circuit 60, and a signal that is considered to be an operation at the correct timing of the key is extracted from the AND circuit 60. It is. The error tolerance range that is considered to be the correct timing here is determined by the delay time of the delay circuits 56 and 57. Therefore, if the delay circuits 56 and 57 are converted to a multi-bit shift register, etc., the above error can be reduced. The permissible range is set by arbitrary expansion settings.

The key pressing timing coincidence signal from the AND circuit 60 is counted from the start of the performance of the song by a counter 61 which is initialized by the signal STRT, and this count value information is inputted from the parameter counter 51 by an arithmetic circuit 62. Count value “BOSU”
Calculate the correct answer rate by dividing as the denominator.

This calculation result is numerically displayed on the display 63 as a timing accuracy rate, for example, as a percentage. others,
The pitch information stored in the latch circuit 43 and the performance information corresponding to the key operation are compared in a comparison circuit 64.
When the Shoto key corresponding to the k information is selected and operated, the comparison circuit 64 generates a match signal EQ.

This match signal EQ then sets a flip-flop circuit 66 via a delay circuit 65. In this case, the flip-flop circuit 66 is reset by the signal A△2 in advance by the delay time of the delay circuit 65, and therefore a new key operation is performed and it is determined that it is the correct key. Each time the comparison circuit 64 determines
The flip-flop circuit 66 is now controlled to be set inverted. This set reversal of the flip-flop circuit 66 is detected by a differentiating circuit 67, and this differentiating circuit 67 generates a differential pulse output every time the pitch of the operation key is determined to be correct, and the output is initialized by the signal STRT. The counter 68 starts counting.

The counted value of the counter 68 is divided by the parameter information "80SU" in the arithmetic circuit 69, and the correct answer rate, which is the result of the calculation, is displayed as a percentage on the display 70 as the pitch correct answer rate. Signals A△2 and A△1 are clock TCL, respectively.
The signal is supplied to shift registers 71 and 72 which are driven by.

Here, the shift register 71 to which the signal AA2 is supplied is composed of 4 bits, and when the first bit is "rl", the flip-flop circuit 73 is set, and when the fourth and final bit is "1", the or The flip-flop circuit 73 is reset via the circuit 4.
The OR circuit 4' supplies a start signal STRT for initial setting. Furthermore, the shift register 72 corresponding to the signal A△1 has a 3-bit configuration, and the flip-flop circuit 75, which is set by the input terminal information, is reset by the output of the third and final bit supplied via the OR circuit 076. That's how it happens.

The OR circuit 76 is supplied with a signal STRT. That is, in the storage device 27, the wind information shown in FIG. 5 as a musical note and a rest mark is stored, and when this information is sequentially read out, it also includes a rest mark as shown in the figure in response to the clock TCL. A signal A△1 is generated in the state, and a signal A△2 is generated in the state excluding the rest mark.

Therefore, the output signals of flip-flop circuits 73 and 75 when set are in the states shown by FI and F2 in FIG. 5, respectively. Assuming that the musical score corresponding to the information stored in the storage device 27 is accurately played on the keyboard 16, ideally the signals A△1, A△ as shown in FIG.
Signals MΔ1 and MΔ2 are generated in synchronization with MΔ2. These signals M△1 and M△2 are respectively driven by differentiating circuits 77 and 78 driven by a clock 4TCL with a frequency four times that of the clock TCL.
are supplied to shift registers 79 and 80, respectively. Both shift registers 79 and 80 are connected to clock 4.
The shift registers 79 and 80 are driven by a TCL and are composed of 8 bits and 10 bits, respectively. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Signals KOFF and KON are generated with a delay of 8/4 and 10/4 clocks of clock TCL. The output signal KON from the shift register 80 is supplied together with the signal FI to an AND circuit 81, and the output signal from the AND circuit 81, shown as AND in FIG. 5, sets a flip-flop circuit 82. This flip-flop circuit 82 is
The flip-flop circuit 82 is reset by a signal obtained by delaying the output signal KOFF from the shift register 79 by 4 TCL clocks in a delay circuit 83. This flip-flop circuit 82 is shown in FIG.
When set, the output signal shown in 3 is generated. The set power signal F3 from the flip-flop circuit 83 is supplied to the AND circuit 84 together with the set power signal F2 of the flip-flop circuit 75 and the output signal KOFF from the shift register 79. , an output signal indicated by LR in FIG. 5 is generated. That is, the output signal LR is output from the AND circuit 84 in a state in which the key press and release operations on the keyboard 16 match the read interval of one piece of uk information read out from the storage device 27, that is, the stored note length. This signal LR is counted by a counter 85 which is initialized by the signal STRT.

The counter 85 counts the most correct answer, and the calculated value is divided by the parameter information "80SU" in the arithmetic circuit 86, and the indicator 87 displays the correct answer rate in percentage. Therefore, according to the electronic musical instrument practice device configured as described above, when the performance information for a specified practice piece is written and set in the storage device 27,
A performance practitioner sets a musical score corresponding to the practice piece, and practices performance using this musical score using the 16 keyboards.

In other words, when the start switch 39 is used to command the start of the performance, the scolding information corresponding to the notes and rests displayed on the score of the practice piece is read out sequentially from the storage device 27 at time intervals corresponding to the length of each note, as described above. At the same time, an automatic rhythm sound source signal corresponding to the read tempo is generated from the automatic rhythm generating circuit 43, and an automatic rhythm performance is started. In other words, if the performer operates the keyboard 16 according to the music score of the specified practice piece in accordance with the automatic rhythm player, the performance information from the keyboard 16 will be synchronized with the readout information from the storage device 27. This is the state in which If the key operation timing on the keyboard 16 is within the error range allowed by the UK information reading timing from the storage device 27 and the registers 56 and 57, as the performance progresses, the correct timing operation will be corrected. The number of times is counted by the counter 61, and the correct answer rate is displayed on the display 63. FIG. 4 shows an example in which uk information read out from the storage device 27 within the electronic control is used as the reference performance sound information. However, this can be similarly implemented by using performance information corresponding to the teacher's performance from the keyboard section of the base unit, as shown in FIG. Specifically, the means for forming signals MΔ1 and MΔ2 based on the performance information from the practice keyboard 16 shown in FIG. Bye.

That is, signals A△1 and A△2 are obtained based on the teacher's performance based on the reference performance sound information. Therefore, in such cases, students can practice playing the keyboard under the teacher's guidance and be able to clearly judge the difference in score from the teacher's performance, which is especially effective for group performance practice. It is effective for practicing playing specified phrases.

In the example, the scoring for correct keyboard operation was shown as a percentage of correct answers, but this scoring evaluation method can be selected arbitrarily, and when a specified piece of music is to be played on command, The number may be set as the final value, and the final scoring evaluation may be displayed at the end of the performance.

In addition, the display is not limited to numerical values, and may be a patterned accuracy rate display. As described above, according to the present invention, the state of the key operation timing of the student practicing is constantly monitored, counted, and evaluated, so that there is no deviation from the standard of the student's sense of musical expression. This allows the state of the subject to be recognized objectively, and is particularly effective in making students aware of it when practicing.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a practice device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram explaining another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating storage information in a storage device of this embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the key press determination section of this embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a signal waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the device shown in FIG. 4. 11... Master unit keyboard, 15a, 15b...
・Slave unit, 16...Keyboard (for practice), 17...Tone formation circuit, 20...Correctly pressed key judgment unit, 21...
Timing judgment section, 22... Pitch judgment section, 23...
...Note length judgment unit, 24-26...Display device, 27
...Storage device, 28...Address counter, 3
3...Clock oscillator, 43...Automatic rhythm generation circuit. Figure 1 Figure N Ship Figure 3 Figure 5 Dimensions Ship

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A first key-on signal generating means corresponding to reference performance sound information, a second key-on signal generating means corresponding to a performance operation of the practice keyboard section, and the first and second key-on signals. means for generating a timing signal provided in at least one of the generating means and set to have a pulse width wider than at least the key-on signal in synchronization with the corresponding key-on signal, and logic between this timing signal and signals related to other keying signals; 1. A practice device for an electronic musical instrument, comprising means for generating product information, and the correct timing of operating keys on a keyboard is determined based on the logical product information. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the reference performance sound information is generated by key operations on a keyboard of a teacher's musical instrument. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reference performance note information is constituted by pitch information sequentially read out from a storage device stored in advance in accordance with the note length. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the logical product information is counted and displayed as a score corresponding to each key press timing.